Abstract: A method for treating a sludge derived from sewage or wastewater, the method comprising subjecting the sludge to a treatment step at a pH of 8.9 or greater and a free ammonia (FA) content of 100 mg NH3—N/L or greater. The treated sludge may be fed to a bioreactor to produce methane.

Abstract: A tissue engineering meniscal composite scaffold (100) and a preparation method thereof. The meniscal composite scaffold (100) includes: a scaffold (110), wherein the scaffold (110) is C-shaped and has a shape which is consistent with the original shape of the meniscus to be regenerated, the scaffold (110) comprises a plurality of first degradable polymer fibers (111) extending along the circumferential direction of the scaffold (110) and a plurality of second degradable polymer fibers (112) extending along the radial direction of the scaffold (110), and the first degradable polymer fibers (111) form a multilayer intersection with the second degradable polymer fibers (112) and thereby generating a frame structure having a plurality of first apertures; and a matrix material (120) composited inside the plurality of first apertures of the scaffold (110) to form a meniscal composite scaffold (100) having a plurality of second apertures.

Abstract: A method for treating a sludge derived from sewage or wastewater, the method comprising subjecting the sludge to a treatment step at a pH of 8.9 or greater and a free ammonia (FA) content of 100 mg NH3—N/L or greater. The treated sludge may be fed to a bioreactor to produce methane.

Abstract: A method for controlling the activity of sulfate reducing bacteria or methanogenic archaea (or both) in environments containing such organisms comprising treating the environment with free nitrous acid (HNO2) or with a solution containing nitrite (NO2?) having a pH of less than 7 or by adding nitrite to the environment and having a pH of less than 7 in the environment. The method can also disrupt biofilms.

Abstract: The present invention provides a process for reducing the start-up time of an aerobic granular sludge reactor, said process comprising starting said reactor with an active biomass comprising fragmented aerobic sludge granules.

Abstract: A method for treating a sludge to be fed to a bioreactor for treating wastewater, or an anaerobic or aerobic sludge digester, the method comprising contacting the sludge with free nitrous acid.

Abstract: A method for treating a sludge to be fed to a bioreactor for treating wastewater, or an anaerobic or aerobic sludge digester, the method comprising contacting the sludge with free nitrous acid.

Abstract: A method for controlling the activity of sulfate reducing bacteria or methanogenic archaea (or both) in environments containing such organisms comprising treating the environment with free nitrous acid (HNO2) or with a solution containing nitrite (NO2?) having a pH of less than 7 or by adding nitrite to the environment and having a pH of less than 7 in the environment. The method can also disrupt biofilms.

Abstract: The present invention provides a process for reducing the start-up time of an aerobic granular sludge reactor, said process comprising starting said reactor with an active biomass comprising fragmented aerobic sludge granules.