Abstract: A membrane electrode assembly including a gas diffusion layer and a layered structure made up of from 4 to 1000 layers including layers of a first type and layers of a second type, wherein the layers of the first type are electrolyte layers and the layers of the second type are catalyst layers, the layered structure having one or more catalyst functional regions, each made up of layers of the first and second types, and one or more electrolyte functional regions, each made up of layers of the first and second types.

Abstract: A membrane electrode assembly including comprising of a central electrolyte layer a catalyst film layer adjacent to each side of the electrolyte layer, wherein the catalyst film layer includes a hydrophobic porous polymer membrane containing a mix of catalyst particles and ionomers inside the porous polymer membrane and on the surface of the porous polymer membrane.

Abstract: A fuel cell assembly including: a membrane electrode assembly and current collector sub-unit including (i) a polymer electrolyte membrane having a cathode side and an anode side; (ii) catalyst layers disposed, respectively, on both sides of the polymer electrolyte membrane; (iii) gas diffusion layers disposed, respectively, on sides of both catalyst layers, wherein the gas diffusion layers are laminated on the catalyst layers; and (iv) porous current collectors disposed, respectively, on sides of both gas diffusion layers, wherein the porous current collectors are laminated on the gas diffusion layers. The fuel cell assembly also includes a hydrogen supplier layer disposed on the anode side of the sub-unit, sealed to the edges of the sub-unit and forming an anode chamber; and a hydrogen inlet and a hydrogen outlet connected the anode chamber.