Abstract: The disclosure provides a method of screening tobacco germplasm for resistance to Alternaria alternata by ripening seedling leaves. The method includes ripening seedling leaves, spray inoculation, disease induction, and evaluation of disease resistance. Dense planting, fertilizer control, and potassium increment were used to forcibly ripening seedling leaves. A hospitable environment was simulated to induce disease in the ripened leaves. These treatments reduce differences in leaf maturity and avoid environmental changes. The technique of the disclosure provides greater accuracy and repeatability than the current technique of screening brown spot resistance, and offers the advantages of simple operation, reduced cost, space requirement, and labor intensity, high selection efficiency, and an accurate screening of tobacco phenotypes with resistance to brown spot, etc., used for large-scale screening of tobacco varieties with resistance to brown spot.

Abstract: The disclosure provides a method of screening tobacco germplasm for resistance to Alternaria alternata by ripening seedling leaves. The method includes ripening seedling leaves, spray inoculation, disease induction, and evaluation of disease resistance. Dense planting, fertilizer control, and potassium increment were used to forcibly ripening seedling leaves. A hospitable environment was simulated to induce disease in the ripened leaves. These treatments reduce differences in leaf maturity and avoid environmental changes. The technique of the disclosure provides greater accuracy and repeatability than the current technique of screening brown spot resistance, and offers the advantages of simple operation, reduced cost, space requirement, and labor intensity, high selection efficiency, and an accurate screening of tobacco phenotypes with resistance to brown spot, etc., used for large-scale screening of tobacco varieties with resistance to brown spot.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus for interleaved weighted fair data packet queue sequencing are disclosed. An interleaving table specifies a queue sequence. A queue sequencer follows the table order on an epoch-by-epoch basis, selecting a queue for each epoch based on the table order. If the selected queue does not have enough data to fill its epoch, the sequencer can step to the next queue in the table order. Because the table is interleaved, higher-priority queues can be visited frequently, improving jitter and latency for packets associated with these queues. The table structure allows all queues at least some portion of the available output bandwidth, and can be organized to afford some queues a much larger portion without having those queues monopolize the output stream for inordinate amounts of time. In some embodiments, each table entry has a programmable epoch value associated with it. The epoch value can be used to weight each table entry respective to the other entries.

Abstract: A video quantizer provides for performing quantization adaptively in accordance with perceptual masking characteristics of the human visual system. In a preferred MPEG encoder-IC, a block-based activity quantization modification or “activity-modification” is formed from the combined correlation of block-energy and edge analyses. A luminance-sensitivity modification is then formed and correlated with the activity modification to form an intermediate modification. A nominal-quantization modification is further formed and correlated with the intermediate modification, which is then limited and correlated with a nominal quantization value to form a base modification. Next, a positional-sensitivity modification is formed as a perimeter offset, which offset is correlated with the base modification to form a modified quantization value, and which modified quantization value is then rounded and returned to a rate controller.