Abstract: A method for determining a three-dimensional tortuosity of a loose and broken rock-soil mass, includes the following steps: a particle grading curve of the loose and broken rock-soil mass is obtained by utilizing a particle size analysis, and followed by calculating an equivalent particle size and an average particle size; a porosity of the loose and broken rock-soil mass is obtained by utilizing a moisture content test, a density test, and a specific gravity test; the three-dimensional tortuosity of the loose and broken rock-soil mass is obtained by utilizing the equivalent particle size, the average particle size and the porosity of the loose and broken rock-soil mass. The method has the advantages of simple logic, accuracy and reliability, simple and fast parameter determination, and has high practical value and promotion value in the field of environmental protection and ecological restoration technology.

Abstract: A method for starting an operating system rapidly by a hotkey includes the steps of: setting a hotkey for each operating system; executing a BIOS power on self test program; determining whether any hotkey has been pressed during execution of the power on self test program; activating a disk partition section which stores an operating system corresponding to a hotkey if the hotkey has been pressed; loading a master boot record; starting the operating system stored in the activated disk partition section.