Abstract: Certain aspects of the present disclosure provide a method of wireless communication by a reader device, generally including identifying frequency resource sets, within a frequency band, for communicating with radio frequency (RF) devices and communicating with one or more RF devices via backscatter communications using one or more of the frequency resource sets.

Abstract: Various aspects of the present disclosure generally relate to wireless communication. In some aspects, a network node may configure a set of energy harvesting classes associated with performing a four-step random access channel (RACH) procedure. The network node may perform the four-step RACH procedure based at least in part on an energy harvesting class of the set of energy harvesting classes. Numerous other aspects are described.

Abstract: Various aspects of the present disclosure generally relate to wireless communication. In some aspects, a user equipment (UE) may receive configuration information that includes parameters associated with multiple energy harvesting (EH) classes. The UE may select an EH class, from among the multiple EH classes, based at least in part on the configuration information and an EH state of the UE. The UE may perform a 2-step random access channel (RACH) procedure based at least in part on the EH class. Numerous other aspects are described.

Abstract: A UE may receive an SCI for a first transmission. The UE may select a threshold value for a channel metric threshold. A first threshold value may be selected for the channel metric threshold if the SCI indicates that the first transmission is associated with a backscattering-based communications device. A second threshold value may be selected for the channel metric threshold if the SCI indicates that the first transmission is not associated with the backscattering-based communications device. The first threshold value may be different from the second threshold value. The UE may measure at least a portion of the first transmission to generate a channel metric for the first transmission. The UE may transmit a second transmission using resources selected based on the channel metric and the channel metric threshold.

Abstract: The apparatus may be configured to receive a groupcast transmission and transmit feedback for the groupcast transmission via a feedback resource in a set of feedback resources associated with the groupcast transmission, the feedback resource being based on a network node class of the UE (e.g., a network node). The apparatus may be configured to transmit a groupcast transmission for reception by one or more network nodes of a group of network nodes including different classes of network nodes and receive feedback for the groupcast transmission from the one or more network nodes in one or more feedback resources based on a corresponding network node class of the one or more network nodes.

Abstract: Various aspects of the present disclosure generally relate to wireless communication. In some aspects, a radio frequency identification (RFID) tag may include a sensing component, an energy storage component, a power control command and beam control command processing unit, and at least one of a waveform generator, a power amplifier, or a low noise amplifier for providing a power signal to the RFID tag. The RFID tag may transmit capability information that indicates a waveform generation capability of the RFID tag or a power control capability of the RFID tag. The RFID may receive, from a network node, an indication to perform a power control operation or a beam adjustment operation based at least in part on the capability information. Numerous other aspects are described.

Abstract: This disclosure provides systems, methods and apparatus, including computer programs encoded on computer storage media, for physical layer security for passive Internet of Things (IoT) devices. In some aspects, a source device and a reader device may communicate via a passive wireless device, such as an IoT tag, which may reflect or backscatter signaling from the source device to the reader device. The source device, the reader device, and the passive wireless device may secure communication in a physical layer (PHY) in accordance with one or more PHY security keys. As such, the source device may transmit a first message to the passive wireless device in accordance with a first PHY security key and the passive wireless device may transmit a second message to the reader device in accordance with a second PHY security key to secure communication to and from the passive wireless device.

Abstract: Certain aspects of the present disclosure provide techniques for method of wireless communication by a reader device, generally including identifying a first frequency resource set for communicating using a first waveform type and a second frequency resource set for backscatter communications using second waveform type, communicating with a first set of radio frequency (RF) devices using the first waveform type and the first frequency resource set, and communicating with a second set of RF devices using the second waveform type and the second frequency resource set.

Abstract: Methods, systems, and devices for wireless communications are described. The network may implement multi-stage energy handshake messages (e.g., wakeup indicators (WUIs and multi-stage wakeup notifications (WUNs))). The first-stage WUI and first-stage WUN may include minimal information (e.g., a sequence-based signal). Second stage WUIs may include an amount of data buffering for the UE, or an expected amount of time of communications during a next on duration. Second-stage WUNs may include confirmation that the UE 115 will receive the buffered data, or an indication of an amount of time required (e.g., a number of duty cycles or a number of seconds) to have enough energy to communicate. In some examples, the UE 115 may transmit WUNs prior to receiving WUIs. In some examples, the UE 115 may receive a multicast message prior to receiving a WUI.

Abstract: Methods, systems, and devices for wireless communications are described. A user equipment (UE) may receive, from a network entity, a grant that allocates a set of resources for use by the UE. Additionally, the UE may explicitly or implicitly receive an indication that the grant received at the UE pertains to communications between the UE and an energy-harvesting device (e.g., passive internet of things (IoT) communications with an energy-harvesting device), where the communications include at least one of an energy-providing transmission to the energy-harvesting device, a data transmission to the energy-harvesting device, or a data reception from the energy-harvesting device. In accordance with the grant, the UE may communicate with the energy-harvesting device.

Abstract: Various aspects of the present disclosure generally relate to wireless communication. In some aspects, a wireless device may receive a power up signal that is configured. The wireless device may transmit a backscattering signal that includes information bits, or receive commands or bits, at a power up time after starting the receiving of the power up signal. Numerous other aspects are described.

Abstract: Certain aspects of the present disclosure provide techniques for wireless communications. In one example, a method includes transmitting, to a reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS), a reconfigurable intelligent surface reference signal (RIS-RS) configured for a user equipment, wherein the RIS-RS is not associated with a physical broadcast channel (PBCH); and receiving, from the user equipment, a channel state information (CSI) report comprising one or more measurements associated with the RIS-RS.

Abstract: Methods, systems, and devices for wireless communications are described. A user equipment (UE) may identify common or UE-specific energy transfer resources that the UE may monitor for energy transfer signals. The UE may identify such energy transfer resources based on a mapping between synchronization signal block (SSB) indices and the energy transfer resources. The mapping may be a one-to-one mapping, or a one-to-many mapping. In a one-to-many mapping, subsets of each mapped set of energy transfer resources may correspond to different energy harvesting types, different energy charging rates, or different periodicities or power settings, among other examples. The mapping may be included in one or more standards documents, or may be configured at the UE via system information, control signaling, random access messages, or a combination thereof.

Abstract: Methods, systems, and devices for wireless communications at a user equipment (UE) are described. The UE may transmit an indication of a time period for an energy harvesting procedure during which a first wireless device pauses communications with a second wireless device. The UE may pause a connected mode inactivity timer, a connected mode idle timer, or both, at the first wireless device at a beginning of the time period. The UE may perform the energy harvesting procedure during the time period. The UE may resume the connected mode inactivity timer, the connected mode idle timer, or both, at an end of the time period. The UE may communicate with the second wireless device in a connected communications mode after the end of the time period and in accordance with a status of the connected mode inactivity timer, the connected mode idle timer, or both.

Abstract: Methods, systems, and devices for wireless communication are described. A user equipment (UE) may broadcast a message initiating a passive device identification procedure for one or more passive devices located proximate to the UE. The UE may transmit one or more reference signals based at least in part on the message and according to the passive device identification procedure. The UE may receive a set of one or more response signals from at least a portion of the one or more passive devices based at least in part on at least one of the one or more reference signals. The UE may communicate with at least the portion of the one or more passive devices according to scheduling that is based at least in part on the set of one or more response signals.

Abstract: Aspects are provided which allow a source device to indicate a joint operation mode by which the source device may communicate information with a destination device via a backscatter device. The source device transmits, to a destination device, an indication of one of a plurality of joint operation modes of the source device and the backscatter device, and transmits a signal carrying first information. The signal carrying the first information is configured to activate the backscatter device to communicate a signal carrying second information from the backscatter device to the destination device, and the one of the plurality of joint operation modes indicates the first information and the second information. The destination device receives the signal carrying the second information from the backscatter device. Other aspects provide considerations which the source device, the backscatter device, and destination device may apply for beam management.

Abstract: A first wireless device may be configured to transmit a first public key, an unsigned transmission, and a signed transmission to a backscattering-based communications device. The signed transmission may be signed based on a first private key. The backscattering-based communications device may be configured to receive the first public key, the unsigned transmission, and the signed transmission from the first wireless device. The backscattering-based communications device may be configured to process the unsigned transmission in response to verifying the signed transmission based on the first public key. The backscattering-based communications device may be configured to transmit a verification of the signed transmission in response to verifying the signed transmission based on the first public key.

Abstract: Certain aspects of the present disclosure provide techniques for backscatter and backscatter-aided advanced communication. An example method includes transmitting. to a network entity. UE capability information indicating that the UE supports a radio frequency identification (RFID)-based communication mode and an advanced communication mode and communicating with the network entity using at least one of the RFID-based communication mode or the advanced communication mode based on the CE capability information.

Abstract: Methods, systems, and devices for wireless communication are described. A user equipment (UE) may transmit a passive Intemet of Things (IoT) traffic report that indicates a set of passive IoT communications to be performed between the UE and one or more passive IoT devices. The UE may receive a scheduling grant from a network entity in response to the passive IoT traffic report. The scheduling grant may indicate a set of time and frequency resources allocated for the set of passive IoT communications between the UE and the one or more passive IoT devices. Accordingly, the UE may perform the set of passive IoT communications with the one or more passive IoT devices using the set of time and frequency resources indicated by the scheduling grant. The techniques described herein may enable the UE to perform passive IoT communications with fewer signal collisions and lower communication resource overhead.

Abstract: Various aspects of the present disclosure generally relate to wireless communication. In some aspects, an energy harvesting (EH) device may receive a discontinuous reception (DRX) configuration that indicates a DRX on-duration for data communication and an EH configuration that indicates a reserved EH duration during which the first device harvests energy and does not transmit or receive data. The DRX on-duration and the reserved EH duration may be part of a periodic cycle. The EH device may perform data communication during the DRX on-duration. The EH device may switch one or more antennas of the first device to an EH mode and perform EH during the reserved EH duration. Numerous other aspects are described.