Abstract: A micro structure includes a silicon substrate, an adhesion layer on the silicon substrate, a bias layer on the adhesion layer, and structure layers on the adhesion layer. The two or more structure layers comprise different material compositions and a plurality of holes through at least two of the structure layers. Widths of the plurality of holes are in the range of 0.5-500 nm.

Abstract: New and improved applications of Raman Scattering are disclosed. These applications may be implemented with or without using an enhanced nano-structured surface that is trademarked as the RamanNanoChip™ disclosed in a pending patent. As a RamanNanoChip™ provides much higher sensitivity in SERS compared with conventional enhance surface, broader scopes of applications are now enabled and can be practically implemented as now disclosed in this application. Furthermore, a wide range of applications is achievable as new and improved Raman sensing applications. By applying the analysis of Raman scattering spectrum, applications can be carried out to identify unknown chemical compositions to perform the tasks of homeland security; food, drug and drinking materials safety; early disease diagnosis; environmental monitoring; industrial process monitoring, precious metal and gem authentications, etc.

Abstract: New and improved applications of Raman Scattering are disclosed. These applications may be implemented with or without using an enhanced nano-structured surface that is trademarked as the RamanNanoChip™ disclosed in a pending patent. As a RamanNanoChip™ provides much higher sensitivity in SERS compared with conventional enhance surface, broader scopes of applications are now enabled and can be practically implemented as now disclosed in this application. Furthermore, a wide range of applications is achievable as new and improved Raman sensing applications. By applying the analysis of Raman scattering spectrum, applications can be carried out to identify unknown chemical compositions to perform the tasks of homeland security; food, drug and drinking materials safety; early disease diagnosis environmental monitoring; industrial process monitoring, precious metal and gem authentications, etc.

Abstract: New and improved applications of Raman Scattering are disclosed. These applications may be implemented with or without using an enhanced nano-structured surface that is trademarked as the RamanNanoChip™ disclosed in a pending patent. As a RamanNanoChip™ provides much higher sensitivity in SERS compared with conventional enhance surface, broader scopes of applications are now enabled and can be practically implemented as now disclosed in this application. Furthermore, a wide range of applications is achievable as new and improved Raman sensing applications. By applying the analysis of Raman scattering spectrum, applications can be carried out to identify unknown chemical compositions to perform the tasks of homeland security; food, drug and drinking materials safety; early disease diagnosis; environmental monitoring; industrial process monitoring, precious metal and gem authentications, etc.

Abstract: An optical circulator has a first collimator; a first block of birefringent material; a first compound polarization rotator; a light angle deflector (e.g., Wollaston prism); a second compound polarization rotator; a second block of birefringent material; and a second collimator. Light from the first fiber exits the first collimator along a first path into a first collimated beam that first hits the central plane on a crossing line between the interface and the central plane such that the first collimated beam exits the light angle deflector along a second path substantially parallel to the longitudinal direction and is received by the second fiber. Light from the second fiber exits the second collimator along the second path into a second collimated beam that exits the light angle deflector along a third path and is received by the third fiber.

Abstract: This invention discloses an optical collimator that includes a built-in tap-out projection optical arrangement for projecting a portion of an incoming beam to a tap-out beam-transmission fiber. In one of the preferred embodiments, the built-in tap-out projection optical arrangement further includes a front surface having an incline angle for projecting a portion of an incoming beam to a tap-out beam transmission fiber. In another preferred embodiment, the built-in tap-out projection optical arrangement further includes a prism having a pair of inclined front surfaces for projecting the incoming beam into an output beam and a tap out beam. In yet another preferred embodiment, the built-in tap-out projection optical arrangement further includes a partially reflective front surface and a reflective mirror projecting the incoming beam into an output beam and a tap out beam.

Abstract: This invention discloses an optical interleaver that includes a first collimating lens for collimating an input optical signal into collimated beams and a second collimating lens for focusing the collimated parallel beams into an output optical fiber. The interleaver further includes a phase delay difference generating means for generating a phase-delay difference between portions of the collimated parallel beams for generating an interference in the second collimating lens for selectively enhance signal transmission of certain wavelengths. In a preferred embodiment, the phase delay difference generating means comprising a glass plate blocking a portion of the collimated parallel beams for generating a phase delay for a portion of the collimated parallel beams passing therethrough. In another preferred embodiment, the phase delay difference generating means comprising a glass plate having an upper portion covering an upper portion of the collimated parallel beams.

Abstract: A four-port loop optical circulator includes a first, a second, a third and a fourth optical ports for receiving optical beam therein. The circulator further includes a plurality of optical components. The optical components include a walk-off crystal for generating a vertical optical path displacement for a vertical polarized optical beam and for passing a horizontally polarized optical beam therethrough maintaining a same optical path. The optical components also include a vertical displacement device for shifting an optical path along a vertical direction with a predefined vertical displacement for an optical beam transmitted with a particular polarization. The vertical displacement device is coupled to the walk-off crystal for guiding a beam received from the fourth port to project from the first port.

Abstract: A surface-emission laser diode includes a distributed Bragg reflector tuned to wavelength of 1.1 &mgr;m or longer, wherein the distributed Bragg reflector includes an alternate repetition of a low-refractive index layer and a high-refractive index layer, with a heterospike buffer layer having an intermediate refractive index interposed therebetween with a thickness in the range of 5-50 nm.

Abstract: This invention discloses an optical collimator that includes a built-in tap-out projection optical arrangement for projecting a portion of an incoming beam to a tap-out beam-transmission fiber. In one of the preferred embodiments, the built-in tap-out projection optical arrangement further includes a front surface having an incline angle for projecting a portion of an incoming beam to a tap-out beam transmission fiber. In another preferred embodiment, the built-in tap-out projection optical arrangement further includes a prism having a pair of inclined front surfaces for projecting the incoming beam into an output beam and a tap out beam. In yet another preferred embodiment, the built-in tap-out projection optical arrangement further includes a partially reflective front surface and a reflective mirror projecting the incoming beam into an output beam and a tap out beam.

Abstract: This invention discloses an optical collimator that includes a built-in tap-out projection optical arrangement for projecting a portion of an incoming beam to a tap-out beam-transmission fiber. In one of the preferred embodiments, the built-in tap-out projection optical arrangement further includes a front surface having an incline angle for projecting a portion of an incoming beam to a tap-out beam transmission fiber. In another preferred embodiment, the built-in tap-out projection optical arrangement further includes a prism having a pair of inclined front surfaces for projecting the incoming beam into an output beam and a tap out beam. In yet another preferred embodiment, the built-in tap-out projection optical arrangement further includes a partially reflective front surface and a reflective mirror projecting the incoming beam into an output beam and a tap out beam.

Abstract: An optical circulator has a first collimator; a first block of birefringent material; a first compound polarization rotator for rendering mutually parallel polarizations orthogonal and mutually orthogonal polarizations parallel; a light angle deflector (e.g., Wollaston prism); a second compound polarization rotator for rendering mutually parallel polarizations orthogonal and mutually orthogonal polarizations parallel; a second block of birefringent material; and a second collimator. Light from the first fiber exits the first collimator along a first path into a first collimated beam that first hits the central plane on a crossing line between the interface and the central plane such that the first collimated beam exits the light angle deflector along a second path substantially parallel to the longitudinal direction and is received by the second fiber.

Abstract: This invention discloses a four-port loop optical circulator. The circulator includes a first, a second, a third and a fourth optical ports for receiving optical beam therein. The circulator further includes a plurality of optical components for guiding a beam received from the first port to project from the second port, for guiding a beam received from the second port to project from the third port. The optical components are further used for guiding a beam received from the third port to project from the fourth port, and for guiding a beam received from the fourth port to project from the first port. In a preferred embodiment, the plurality of optical components further include a walk-off crystal for generating a vertical optical path displacement for a vertical polarized optical beam and for passing a horizontally polarized optical beam therethrough maintaining a same optical path.

Abstract: This invention discloses an optical collimator lens for collimating an incident light. The collimator lens includes an optical transmission rod substantially formed as an elongated cylinder. The optical transmission rod further includes a first end surface formed as a spherical or aspherical end surface and a second end surface opposite the first end-surface. The second end surface formed as an inclined planar surface having an incline angle &thgr; relative to the optical axis of the optical transmission rod for increasing a return loss from the inclined planar surface. In a preferred embodiment, the inclined planar surface has an incline angle of substantially eight degrees or less or more.

Abstract: A fiber optical circulator in which is a light beam is fed from a fiber of a first port in a dual core glass capillary, then collimated before being passed to a birefringent crystal wherein the light beam is divided into two orthogonal components o and e with a displacement. The State of Polarization (SOP) of components then are changed into the same, perpendicular to the incident plane of the birefringent crystal prism by the group of Faraday Rotator and two Half-Wave Plates (HWP) that have different optical axis orientation and cover o and e components respectively. Then the light components with the same SOP pass into a birefringent prism where they receive angle correction to meet receiving requirement in incident angle for the fiber of port 2 without displacement due to their SOP. This is followed by a second group of HWP and Faraday Rotator that changes the SOP of two components back to orthogonal.

Abstract: This invention discloses a dual fiber optical component that includes a first holding tube for containing and holding a dual fiber capillary and a collimator lens. The dual fiber capillary has first optical fiber and a second optical fiber with the first optical fiber transmits an input light beam for projecting through the collimator lens as a collimated beam. The dual fiber component further includes a second holding tube containing and holding an optical filter for receiving the collimated beam from the collimator lens. The filter further projecting a portion of the collimated beam back through the collimator lens for transmitting to the second optical fiber of the dual fiber capillary. The first holding tube has a first interface tube end forming with a convex spherical profile and the second holding tube has a second interface tube end forming with a concave spherical profile corresponding to the convex spherical profile of the first interface tube end.

Abstract: This invention discloses an optical interleaver. The optical interleaver includes an input port for receiving an input light beam including a plurality of wavelengths represented by &lgr;1, &lgr;2, &lgr;3, . . . , &lgr;n where n is a positive integer. The interleaver further includes a group of optical elements for decomposing the input light beam into a first light beam including a first set of wavelengths represented by &lgr;1, &lgr;3, &lgr;5, . . . , &lgr;n and a second light beam including of a second set of wavelengths represented by &lgr;2, &lgr;4, &lgr;6, . . . , &lgr;n−1, wherein the first light beam and the second light beam transmitted respectively in a first and second optical paths, and the group of optical elements further decomposing and generating two sets of mutually orthogonally polarized and parallel beam-components from the first beam and second beam. The interleaver further includes an incline angle means coupled to the group of optical elements.

Abstract: This invention discloses an optical circulator. The optical circulator includes a first set of optical components having a birefringent crystal, a pair of half wave plates and the Faraday rotator to separate and then polarize the light beam into projection-direction ready polarization components. These projection-direction ready polarization components are suitable for entering into a projection-direction optical-processing-optical device, e.g., a Wollaston prism, to generate the projecting-to-exit-port beam components. The circulator then employs a set of reciprocal components of the first set of optical components to carry out reciprocal polarization rotations and beam component merging processes to transmit an output beam to the exit port by projecting the beam components and the merged beam along the projecting-to-exit port direction.

Abstract: A fiber optical circulator wherein optical fibers of three ports share one glass capillary, one collimator lens and one walk-off crystal. Three optical fibers lie on a plane in a glass capillary that is aligned with a collimator lens concentrically. A light fed into the fiber of port 1, which is off optical axis of collimator lens, is collimated with an angle &thgr; to the axis of collimate lens. The collimated beam is divided into two orthogonal components by a first crystal. A device group consisting of one Faraday rotator and one pair of Half Wave Plates transfers the State Of Polarization (SOP) of two components into the same. The angled part of a combined prism bent both beams to be parallel to optical axis of system. The lights pass through a second crystal without displacement due to their SOP. Their SOP receive 90° rotations by a round trip in followed Faraday rotator with help of a reflection film on the backside or a mirror.