Abstract: A method for upgrading heavy hydrocarbons into more usable hydrocarbon products is provided. The method provides for the steps of adding heavy hydrocarbons to a solvent system to form a reaction medium, and ozonating the reaction medium with an ozone containing gas to provide ozonation products. The solvent system can include a first solvent that solubilizes at least a portion of the heavy hydrocarbons and a reactive solvent which reacts with ozonation intermediates. Reactive solvent is maintained at concentrations sufficient to decompose ozonation intermediates.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for increasing the concentration of oxygen in the reaction medium present in the oxidation reactor. A volume of aqueous medium from the oxidation reactor is removed and pressurized and oxygen is added to it. The oxygen-rich volume of aqueous medium is then reintroduced into the oxidation reactor at an increased pressure to ensure adequate mixing with the aqueous medium having a lower content of oxygen.

Abstract: A method for upgrading heavy hydrocarbons into more usable hydrocarbon products is provided. The method provides for the steps of adding heavy hydrocarbons to a solvent system to form a reaction medium, and ozonating the reaction medium with an ozone containing gas to provide ozonation products. The solvent system can include a first solvent that solubilizes at least a portion of the heavy hydrocarbons and a reactive solvent which reacts with ozonation intermediates. Reactive solvent is maintained at concentrations sufficient to decompose ozonation intermediates.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for increasing the concentration of oxygen in the reaction medium present in the oxidation reactor. A volume of aqueous medium from the oxidation reactor is removed and pressurized and oxygen is added to it. The oxygen-rich volume of aqueous medium is then reintroduced into the oxidation reactor at an increased pressure to ensure adequate mixing with the aqueous medium having a lower content of oxygen.

Abstract: A method for removing contaminants such as oil and solids from water by feeding a mixture of water containing the contaminants and carbon dioxide to a cyclone; separating water from the mixture; separating a second mixture of oil, carbon dioxide and water from the mixture and feeding the second mixture to a separator wherein oil, carbon dioxide and water are recovered from the separator.

Abstract: A method for increasing the bitumen extraction efficiency in the hot water oil sands extraction process. A volume of gaseous carbon dioxide is added into the oil sands slurry that is being transported through a hydrotransport pipeline from the oil sands mining site to the bitumen extraction plant at a position where the oil sands has been conditioned to a desired degree. Carbon dioxide is injected into the slurry under elevated pressure through a gas distribution device while the hydraulic pressure in the pipeline is maintained at an elevated pressure. After the carbon dioxide-bearing oil sands slurry is fed into the separation vessel, a part of the carbon dioxide is recovered for reinjection.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for increasing the concentration of oxygen in the reaction medium present in the oxidation reactor. A volume of aqueous medium from the oxidation reactor is removed and pressurized and oxygen is added to it. The oxygen-rich volume of aqueous medium is then reintroduced into the oxidation reactor at an increased pressure to ensure adequate mixing with the aqueous medium having a lower content of oxygen.

Abstract: A method for extracting hydrocarbons from sands can include: providing sands containing a hydrocarbon; mixing the hydrocarbon sands with water; heating the water before, during, or after being mixed with the hydrocarbon sands; increasing the pressure within a closed vessel containing the heated hydrocarbon and water mixture in the presence of gas or by injecting with gas; releasing the pressure of the heated hydrocarbon and water mixture in the vessel so as to create microbubbles from the dissolved gas in the water mixture; and collecting the hydrocarbon from the water. Optionally, the process is substantially devoid of adding caustic agents to the hydrocarbon and water mixture.