Abstract: An alginate hydrogel-based thin-film heat flux sensor for billet crystallizer includes an alginate hydrogel substrate. The alginate hydrogel substrate is configured in a U-shaped planar structure. The U-shaped planar structure includes a first side and a second side, and the first side is longer than the second side. An inner surface of the alginate hydrogel substrate is provided with a first film thermocouple and a second film thermocouple. The first film thermocouple is in crosslinking connection with the second film thermocouple.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides a refrigerator with an ice maker, an ice maker ice-overturning control method, and an ice maker water injection control method. The refrigerator in the present disclosure can: perceive whether the ice cube tray is already taken out to avoid continued water injection after the ice cube tray is taken out; and perceive a temperature of ice in the ice cube tray to accurately determine a current situation of ice making so as to perform accurate control for the ice maker, thereby avoiding ice cube lumping due to unsuccessful overturning in the refrigerator, and greatly improving the ice making efficiency. Further, the refrigerator can accurately determine whether the ice tray is mounted to be in place, so as to complete a series of water injection and ice making operation accurately.