Abstract: Doppler LIDARs, such as those used in ADAS (advanced driver assistance system) and autonomous vehicles, may need to sense objects at many directions. Some of the Doppler LIDAR devices use mechanically moving parts to scan over a range of directions and the various directions are not sensed simultaneously but sensed in turns over time. Mechanical moving parts generally have higher costs, lower reliability and shorter Mean Time To Failure (MTTF). The LIDAR sensor on chip with Doppler-sensing pixels disclosed herein uses a Doppler sensing-chip that enables Doppler LIDAR devices to sense many directions simultaneously in parallel without having to use mechanical scan and mechanical moving parts, even without having to use electronic scan. Lower costs, higher reliability, and faster detection time as well as higher direction sensing accuracy are objectives of this invention.

Abstract: Three-dimensional structure is provided that includes an internal structure and an external structure configured to receive the internal structure. The internal structure includes a plurality of walls forming an accommodation opening and a magnetic element configured to be affixed or located within on the plurality of walls. The external structure includes a set of two surfaces having a first configuration of protrusions where the two of two surfaces are adjoining. Another set of two surfaces have a second configuration of protrusions, where the surfaces form at least one opening configured to allow insertion and removal of the internal structure. The set of two surfaces and the another set of two surfaces are configured for mating engagement with another external structure having substantially the same configurations, where the first configuration and the second configuration are configured to couple to each other.

Abstract: Three-dimensional structure is provided that includes an internal structure and an external structure configured to receive the internal structure. The internal structure includes a plurality of walls forming an accommodation opening and a magnetic element configured to be affixed or located within on the plurality of walls. The external structure includes a set of two surfaces having a first configuration of protrusions where the two of two surfaces are adjoining. Another set of two surfaces have a second configuration of protrusions, where the surfaces form at least one opening configured to allow insertion and removal of the internal structure. The set of two surfaces and the another set of two surfaces are configured for mating engagement with another external structure having substantially the same configurations, where the first configuration and the second configuration are configured to couple to each other.