Abstract: An imaging camera containing an encapsulated optical lens enables viewing from inside and imaging of a chosen cavity in/from a variety of directions with the use of an electromagnetic apparatus located inside the encapsulation. A portion of camera's optical system together with light source(s) and optical detector mutually cooperated by housing structure inside the encapsulating shell are moveable/re-orientable within the shell to vary a desired view of the object space without interruption of imaging process. Method(s) of using optical, optoelectronic, and optoelectromechanical sub-systems of the camera.

Abstract: Provided herein are methods of determining binding kinetics of a ligand. In some embodiments, the methods include contacting the ligand with a first surface of a substrate, which first surface comprises an electrically conductive coating and a population of virions connected to the first surface via one or more linker moieties, wherein viral envelopes of the virions display one or more proteins that bind, or are capable of binding, to the ligand, applying an alternating current electric field to the substrate to induce the virions to oscillate proximal to the first surface of the substrate, and detecting changes in oscillation amplitudes of the virions over a duration. Related virion oscillator array devices, systems and computer readable media are also provided.