Abstract: Several new techniques for designing nanophotonic scintillators which lead to optimal performance and novel functionalities. Important design concepts include the use of absorbing structures inspired by solar cells, angularly-selective structures, and metasurfaces. Scintillators based on conventionally overlooked materials (such as GaAs or GaN) are also disclosed, which are designed to reach efficiencies comparable or superior to state-of-the-art conventional scintillators (such as YAG:Ce and LYSO). Such scintillators provide important enhancement of scintillation yield arising from incorporation of nanophotonic patterns. Additionally, nanophotonic scintillators designed in conjunction with image post processing algorithms (such as deconvolution algorithms, tomographic reconstruction, etc.) are disclosed. These scintillators are designed in order to increase robustness, minimize the required dose/scan time or even the number of scans required in scintillation imaging.

Abstract: A system and method that may enable the generation of highly-efficient, high-power, narrow-linewidth, and tunable light sources from microwave frequencies to mid-infrared wavelengths is disclosed. The light source comprises a nonlinear medium coupled to a multi-modal cavity and a high-energy pump source. The nonlinear medium provides three-wave mixing between modes present in the cavity to generate, for example, terahertz waves. The broadband cavity enables cascading nonlinear processes. By engineering the Q-factors of the cavity's many modes, red-shifted (stokes) cascaded nonlinear processes strongly dominate over their blue-shifted (anti-stokes) counterparts, resulting in a quasi-complete depletion of the pump energy into the THz mode.

Abstract: Methods and systems are disclosed that enhance the yield and speed of emission and control the spectral and angular emission of light emitted by materials under irradiation by high-energy particles through a process known as scintillation. In each case, a photonic structure (of nano- or micron-scale feature sizes) is integrated with a scintillating material, and the photonic structure enhances the yield or controls the spectrum of the material. Various embodiments of this technology and practical demonstrations are disclosed.

Abstract: A multi-layered lens comprises a plurality of metasurface layers. At least some layers of the plurality of metasurface layers include features that exhibit angular phase controls. The angular phases of the at least some layers cause an angular aberration correction or an angle convergence that focuses light onto a focal point regardless of angles of incidence.

Abstract: A multi-layered lens comprises a plurality of metasurface layers. At least some layers of the plurality of metasurface layers include features that exhibit angular phase controls. The angular phases of the at least some layers cause an angular aberration correction or an angle convergence that focuses light onto a focal point regardless of angles of incidence.

Abstract: A fully confined dual frequency optical resonator configured for optical coupling to light having a first frequency ?1. The dual frequency optical resonator includes a plurality of alternating layer pairs configured in a grating configuration, each layer pair having a first layer formed of a first material and a second layer formed of a second material, the first material and second material being different materials. Each layer having a thickness different than a thickness of an adjacent layer to provide thereby aperiodic layer pairs, the thicknesses of adjacent layers being selected to create, via wave interference with each layer, optical resonances at the first frequency ?1 and a second frequency ?2 which is a harmonic of ?1, and to ensure a maximum spatial overlap between confined modes over the materials such that an overall quality factor Q of at least 1000 is achieved.

Abstract: A dual frequency optical resonator configured for optical coupling to light having a first frequency ?1. The dual frequency optical resonator includes a plurality of alternating layer pairs stacked in a post configuration, each layer pair having a first layer formed of a first material and a second layer formed of a second material, the first material and second materials being different materials. The first layer has a first thickness and the second layer has a second thickness, the thicknesses of the first and second layer being selected to create optical resonances at the first frequency ?1 and a second frequency ?2 which is a harmonic of ?1 and the thicknesses of the first and second layer also being selected to enhance nonlinear coupling between the first frequency ?1 and a second frequency ?2.