Abstract: Methods for enabling multi-link millimeter wave (mmW) beam training are provided herein. A method performed by a station (STA), may include: receiving, on a sub-7 GHz link of the STA, a null data packet (NDP) announcement (NDPA) frame, wherein the NDPA includes information to initiate a millimeter wave (mmW) beam training process; determining that at least one STA Info field included in the NDPA frame includes an association ID (AID) subfield that matches an AID associated with the STA; receiving, based on information included in the STA Info field, one or more NDP physical layer protocol data units (PPDUs) on a mmW link; and transmitting, on the sub-7 GHz link, a beam training feedback report based on the one or more NDP PPDUs received on the mmW link.

Abstract: Apparatuses, systems, and techniques are presented to generate one or more images. In at least one embodiment, one or more neural networks are used to generate one or more images based, at least in part, on one or noise values.

Abstract: Method and devices for cross-link signaling are described in which a multi-link device (MLD) communicates to another device using a first wireless link and a secondary wireless link. Control and response information for establishing/maintaining the secondary wireless link may be communicated in signaling fields of a frame over the first wireless link to enable a more reliable control information exchange than may otherwise be available via the secondary wireless link. In some embodiments, the first wireless link is a sub-7 GHz link and the secondary wireless link is a mmWave link. Signaling used for configuring parameters of the first wireless link, e.g., control field, A-Control subfield of HT Control field, Control Frame, BQR control subfield, HLA control subfield, TRS control field, etc., may be enhanced to provide related signaling for another separate link (secondary link) between devices that do not carry the signaling information.

Abstract: Methods and apparatuses for data driven sounding feedback reports are provided herein. A method may include transmitting a request frame to an access point (AP), the frame including information indicating at least one of an index-based feedback capability or a channel state information (CSI) set request field; receiving, in response to the request frame, a response frame including information indicating a CSI candidate set; and performing, based on the indicated CSI candidate set, a beamforming sounding procedure. The method may further include sending CSI measurements obtained from the beamforming sounding procedure to the AP. The response frame may be carried in a broadcast or beacon message. The information indicating the CSI candidate set may be a bitmap. The request frame may include information indicating a request for a CSI candidate set. The response frame may include information indicating whether the indicated CSI candidate set is a requested CSI candidate set.

Abstract: A station (STA) multilink device (MLD) may comprises a first STA affiliated with the STA MLD and a second STA affiliated with the STA MLD. The first STA may be configured to receive, from a first access point (AP) affiliated with an AP MLD, a first management frame over a first link. The first management frame may comprise timestamp information. The first STA may be configured to receive, from the first AP, a second management frame over the first link. The second management frame may comprise a time synchronization function (TSF) offset. The second STA may be configured to receive, from a second AP affiliated with the AP MLD, based on the timestamp information and the TSF offset, at least one third management frame from a set of third management frames over a second link. The at least one third management frame may be transmitted using a sector sweep.

Abstract: A method performed by a station (STA) associated with a first access point (AP), wherein the first AP is part of a multi-AP (MAP) set comprising the first AP and at least a second AP, may compromise: receiving, from the second AP that the STA is not associated with, a null data packet announcement (NDPA) frame, the NDPA frame including a Special STA Info field including an association identifier (AID) relating to the association between the STA and the first AP; receiving a null data packet (NDP) frame from the second AP that the STA is not associated with; and transmitting, to the first AP, feedback based on the NDP frame.

Abstract: A data processing system implements obtaining user prompts s that include instructions to an AI application to perform one or more tasks; storing the user prompts in a prompts datastore in a secure computing environment; analyzing the user prompts using an LLM operating within the secure computing environment to generate normalized prompts based on the user prompts; extracting first n-grams from the normalized prompts using differentially private n-gram extraction that preserves user-level privacy; generating masked normalized prompts by comparing the normalized prompts with the first n-grams and replacing, with a placeholder n-gram, n-grams of the normalized prompts that do not match an n-gram of the first n-grams; extracting second n-grams from the masked normalized prompts using the differentially private n-gram extraction that preserves user-level privacy; outputting the second n-grams from the secure computing environment; and storing the second n-grams in an anonymized prompts datastore outside of the s

Abstract: Apparatuses, systems, and techniques are presented to generate one or more images. In at least one embodiment, one or more neural networks are used to generate one or more images based, at least in part, on one or noise values.

Abstract: Methods and apparatuses are described herein how Enhanced Multi-Link Multi-Radio (EMLMR) mode is enabled or disabled in a set of EMLMR links. In one example a beacon frame is received by a station (STA) from an access point (AP) that includes an extremely high throughput (EHT) Operation element including a Disabled Channel Bitmap Present subfield and an EHT Operation Information Present subfield. When the Disabled Channel Bitmap Present subfield is equal to 1, the EHT Operation Information Present subfield is also equal to 1, the STA receives a Disabled Channel Bitmap field indicated in an EHT Operation Information field to determine the allowed subchannels for enhanced multi-link multi-ratio (EMLMR) link(s). EMLMR mode may be enabled/disabled by way of an EML Operating Mode Notification frames and bit values in an EMLMR Bitmap subfield. Additional embodiments are disclosed.

Abstract: Methods for wireless local area network (WLAN) sensing are provided herein. A method performed by a sensing responder may include receiving a first sensing measurement setup request message indicating a first one or more parameters to be used in a sensing measurement procedure. The method may include transmitting a first sensing measurement setup response message indicating at least one parameter that differs from the first one or more parameters indicated by the sensing measurement setup request message. The method may include receiving a second sensing measurement setup request message indicating a second one or more parameters to be used in the sensing measurement procedure. The second one or more parameters to be used in the sensing measurement procedure may include at least one parameter that differs from the first one or more parameters indicated by the first sensing measurement setup request message.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for power control for distributed wireless communication is disclosed including one or more power control loops associated with a wireless transmit/receive unit (WTRU). Each power control loop may include open loop power control or closed loop power control. A multi-phase power control method is also disclosed with each phase representing a different time interval and a WTRU sends transmissions at different power levels to different set of node-Bs or relay stations during different phases to optimize communications.

Abstract: Devices, methods and systems for parameterized spatial reuse (PSR). A parameterized spatial reuse reception (PSRR) Physical Layer protocol data unit (PPDU) which includes a trigger frame is received from an access point (AP). A PSR opportunity is identified, responsive the PSRR PPDU, and a PSR-based backoff procedure is started based on the PSR opportunity. A parameterized spatial reuse transmission (PSRT) PPDU is transmitted. Devices, methods and systems for enhanced spatial reuse (ESR). An enhanced spatial reuse reception (ESRR) physical protocol data unit PPDU is received, the ESRR PPDU including a trigger frame that indicates that at least one subchannel may be punctured, and a duration of an ESR operation. An enhanced spatial reuse transmission (ESRT) PPDU is transmitted on at least one punctured subchannel, on an ESR opportunity based on the ESRR PPDU. A response to the ESRT PPDU is received on the at least one punctured subchannel.

Abstract: A method and station (STA) for WLAN sensing is disclosed. A STA may receive a trigger frame which may comprise at least a common information field that may comprise at least a trigger type subfield and a trigger dependent common information subfield. The trigger dependent common information subfield may comprise sensing subfields that are based on a value of the trigger type subfield. The STA may send a trigger response frame in a format that is at least based on at least one of the sensing subfields. The trigger frame may comprise a user information field which may comprise a trigger dependent user information subfield. The trigger dependent user information subfield may comprise at least a threshold value subfield and an indication of results collection subfield. Information in the trigger response frame may be at least based on the threshold value subfield and the indication of results collection subfield.

Abstract: Methods and apparatuses are described herein for Extremely High Throughput (EHT) link adaptation (ELA). A station (STA) may receive a first physical layer protocol data unit (PPDU) including a first primary secondary (PS)160 subfield and a High Efficiency (HE)/EHT subfield. The HT/EHT subfield may indicate whether a second PPDU that will be transmitted by the STA is based on HE-related parameters or EHT-related parameters. The first PS160 subfield may indicate a primary 160 MHz channel or a secondary 160 MHz channel. The STA may transmit, based on the HE/EHT subfield, the second PPDU including a second PS160 subfield, an EHT-MCS subfield, and a number of spatial streams (NSS) subfield. The second PS160 subfield may indicates a 160 MHz channel determined based on the indication of the first PS160 subfield. An index of the EHT-MCS subfield and a value of the NSS subfield may be determined based measurement of the determined 160 MHz channel.

Abstract: Dynamic puncturing in a wireless local area network (WLAN) supporting 320 MHz bandwidths is disclosed. In one example, a method includes a first station (STA1) transmitting a null data packet announcement (NDPA) frame including an indicator of an orthogonal frequency division multiple access (OFDMA) subchannel puncturing over a wireless medium and subsequently transmitting a null data packet (NDP) having a U-SIG field specifying an OFDMA puncturing pattern. The NDPA may indicate that the subsequent NDP, which preferably occupies an 80 MHz channel, includes the OFDMA puncturing pattern in its U-SIG field. The method may further include transmitting a beamforming report poll (BFRP) soliciting measurement by the receiving station (STA2) on active resources, e.g., subchannels which have not been punctured.

Abstract: A sensing receiver may be configured for wireless local area network (WLAN) sensing, The sensing receiver may be configured to receive, from a sensing transmitter, a packet, perform measurements on the received packet, and prepare a sensing measurement report, which may comprise at least a measurement report control field and a measurement report field. A measurement type dependent parameters subfield of the measurement report control field may be based on a measurement type. The sensing receiver may be configured to send, to the sensing transmitter, the sensing measurement report. Contents of the measurement report field may be based on the measurement type. The measurement type may comprise at least one of: a channel state information (CSI) type, a channel impulse response (CIR) type, or a directional multi-gigabit (DMG)/enhanced DMG (EDM) type. The packet may be a null data packet (NDP) or a physical layer protocol data unit (PPDU).

Abstract: A method performed by a first station (STA) may compromise: receiving, from an access point (AP) that has an established transmission opportunity (TXOP) with a second STA, a multi-user request-to-send (MU-RTS) transmission opportunity (TXOP) sharing (TXS) trigger frame, wherein the MU-RTS TXS trigger frame includes: (i) an indication that the AP is sharing the TXOP established with the second STA with the first STA, and (ii) an indication of a duration of the shared TXOP; and transmitting, in response to the MU-RTS TXS trigger frame, one or more uplink (UL) frames within the duration of the shared TXOP indicated by the MU-RTS TXS trigger frame.

Abstract: Systems and methods are described for interference awareness in wireless communication systems. A wireless station (STA) may detect an interference event comprising a transmission that will interfere or is interfering with a communication session of the STA with a second device, such as an access point (AP). The first device may transmit, to the second device, an identification of the interference event. The first device may receive, from the second device, a selection of an operation mode of a plurality of modes, transmitted responsive to receipt of the identification of the interference event. The first device may continue the communication session, with the second device, utilizing the selected operation mode.

Abstract: A method performed by a multi-multi-link device (MMLD) architecture comprising a plurality of access points (APs) may comprise transmitting a frame, by an AP of the MMLD, wherein the frame may include a multi-multi-link device (MMLD) frame element which indicates that the AP is part of a multi-link device (MLD) that is a MMLD. The frame may comprise a beacon, short beacon, probe response, fast initial link setup (FILS) discovery frame, association response frame, or the like, or any appropriate combination thereof. The MMLD element may comprise one or more of an element identifier, length, MMLD identifier, MMLD media access control (MAC) address, partial reporting field, number of reported MLDs field and/or an MLD info field. The MLD may communicate with other MLDs of the multiple MLDs during a transmit wake time (TWT) service period (SP). The MLD may be in a doze state during non-TWT SPs.

Abstract: A federated learning (FL) and/or a distributed machine learning (ML) model sharing process may be implemented in a wireless network. An access point (AP), station (STA), or the like may provide a FL announcement message indicating that a FL or ML process is in being utilized. A STA receiving the announcement message may provide a FL/ML support frame indicating its participation in FL model sharing. The STA may comprise a local FL model executable on the STA. The STA may update its local FL model based on information in the FL announcement message. The STA may update its local FL model based on information received from other STAs in the network. The FL announcement message may comprise a schedule, and the STA may be configured to train its local FL model in accordance with the schedule. The sharing model process may be implemented in a wireless local area network.