Abstract: A medical simulator having a heat exchanger configured to transfer heat from electronics and other components of the medical simulator to simulated blood of a simulated vascular system of the medical simulator. The heated simulated blood can be circulated throughout the simulated vascular system to provide more realistic training for medical practitioners by increasing the temperature of the skin of the medical simulator to a more realistic temperature. Circulating the heated simulated blood can also serve to cool the electronics and other components, while simultaneously transferring the heat out from the vascular system into an environment outside of the medical simulator.

Abstract: A thoracic arch spring teaching aid, comprising a thoracic arch spring (1) having a contour similar to that of the sternum of the human body. The thoracic arch spring (1) has an area enclosed therein as a simulated thoracic cavity (100); the thoracic arch spring (1) comprises a plurality of arch-shaped spring pieces (11); limit spring plates (21, 22) for pressing the spring pieces (11) are provided above and/or below the thoracic arch spring (1); the limit spring plates (21, 22) comprise base portions (210, 220) contacting the spring pieces (11) and extension portions (211, 221, 211?, 221?) located at two sides of the base portions (210, 220); the extension portions (211, 221, 211?, 221?) extend along the projections of the spring pieces (11) on the plane where the base portions (210, 220) are located. The teaching aid can prevent the spring pieces (11) from forming a shearing force region when the spring pieces (11) are pressed; thus, deformation or breakage is avoided, and the service life is prolonged.

Abstract: A medical simulator having a heat exchanger configured to transfer heat from electronics and other components of the medical simulator to simulated blood of a simulated vascular system of the medical simulator. The heated simulated blood can be circulated throughout the simulated vascular system to provide more realistic training for medical practitioners by increasing the temperature of the skin of the medical simulator to a more realistic temperature. Circulating the heated simulated blood can also serve to cool the electronics and other components, while simultaneously transferring the heat out from the vascular system into an environment outside of the medical simulator.