Abstract: A ratchet assembly is configured to rotate a fastener in both a clockwise and counter-clockwise direction. The ratchet assembly includes a yoke, a drive, a left pawl, a right pawl, and a shuttle assembly. The yoke defines a fastening hole. The drive is rotatably coupled to the yoke and is supported in the fastening hole. The left pawl is supported in the yoke and is biased toward the drive by a first biasing member. The right pawl is supported in the yoke and is biased toward the drive by a second biasing member. The shuttle assembly is rotatably supported in the yoke between the left and right pawls and selectively engages the left and right pawl. The directional knob is coupled to the shuttle assembly.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides compositions and methods for delivery of therapeutic agents across a barrier. The compositions include a therapeutic agent (e.g., antimicrobial agent, antibiotic), a permeation enhancer comprising sodium dodecyl sulfate, limonene, and/or bupivacaine which increases the flux of the therapeutic agent across the barrier, and a matrix forming agent that is a poloxamer (e.g., poloxamer P188), wherein the composition comprises: between about 0.2% and 3.2% wt/vol of a permeation enhancer that is sodium dodecyl sulfate; when present, between about 0.2% and 2.0% wt/vol of a permeation enhancer that is bupivacaine; between about 0.5% and 7.0% wt/vol of a permeation enhancer that is limonene; between approximately 18-62% P188; and the composition forms a gel at temperatures above a phase transition temperature that is less than about 37° C. The matrix forming agent forms a gel at a suitable gelation temperature and rheological properties for use in drug delivery.

Abstract: A composition includes a hydrogel bead in an external matrix, the hydrogel bead having an at least partially crosslinked gelling polymer, the hydrogel bead having encapsulated therein a functional agent, and a buffering agent having low water solubility, wherein at least a portion of the buffering agent is in solid form in the hydrogel bead.