Abstract: In a four stroke cycle internal combustion engine, a combustion chamber is disposed above the cylinder head and is connected by a passage to the piston chamber. The piston at its top dead center almost contacts the cylinder head. Inlet and outlet valves and spark plug means are associated with the top portion of the combustion chamber. The injecting device protrudes into the combustion chamber and is upwardly directed. The combustion chamber is surrounded by another chamber, which communicates with the combustion chamber through slots, which open into the top portion of the combustion chamber. The lower portion of the surrounding chamber communicates through openings with the combustion chamber. The openings are smaller in cross-section than the slots so that the explosive gases flow from the combustion chamber into the surrounding chamber and flow back through the openings into the surrounding chamber. This results in turbulence and mixing as in a cyclone so that a good combustion is ensured.

Abstract: A radiator for low-pressure steam heating systems comprises at least two chambers, which constitute respective radiator elements. Consecutive elements are interconnected in an upper portion and in a lower portion. The upper portion of each element is connected to a low-pressure steam source. The lower portion of each element is connected to a condensate trap. At least individual ones of the elements are adapted to be shut off from the steam supply.