Abstract: An optical distribution network ODN apparatus includes an optical splitting module, a control chip, a first optical port connected to the OLT, a second optical port connected to a next-level ODN apparatus, and a plurality of third photoelectric composite ports connected to the plurality of ONUs. The control chip sends a plurality of electrical signals that carry the port identification information to the plurality of corresponding ONUs. The optical splitting module performs power splitting on a first optical signal sent by the OLT to obtain a second optical signal transmitted to the next-level ODN apparatus and a plurality of third optical signals transmitted to the plurality of ONUs. The optical splitting module can be further configured to separately receive upstream optical signals of the plurality of corresponding ONUs and to transmit the upstream optical signals carrying identification information of the ONUs to the OLT.