Abstract: Systems and methods for countering the usage of autonomous or semi-autonomous vehicles for ramming attacks on a roadway are disclosed. Digital representations of physical trajectories (e.g., roadway travel routes) across which vehicles are expected or permitted to travel are generated based at least on travel-related data (e.g., sensor readings) received from the vehicles over wireless networks. The disclosed systems and methods further generate digital representations of physical trajectories across which vehicles are not permitted to travel, such that the impermissible physical trajectories constitute a deviation from a safe travel route. Additional travel-related data is continuously received from the vehicles in real-time, and the additional data may be combined with non-vehicle data (e.g.

Abstract: An individual's fine-motor skills can be assessed using a force-feedback haptic unit that includes an end-effecter and programmable settings. To assess these skills, a tangible computer readable medium initializes the programmable settings with a set of initial settings. It then presents a 3-D representation of a character or characters to a user. The user in turn is prompted to mimic the character(s) on a work space. While the user is attempting to mimic the character(s) using the end-effecter on the work space, timed stroke data are collected from the force-feedback haptic unit. Using the timed stroke data, an analysis is then generated to determine the user's precision and accuracy of mimicking the character.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method and apparatus for fingerprinting a first and second image and using the fingerprints of the first and second image to determine if the second image is derived from the first image.