Abstract: A redox polymer for use in an electrochemical-based sensor includes a hydrophobic polymer backbone (e.g., a hydrophobic poly(methyl methacrylate) polymer backbone) and at least one hydrophilic polymer arm (such as a hydrophilic oligo(N-vinylpyrrolidinone) polymer arm) attached to the hydrophobic polymer backbone. The redox polymer also includes a plurality of redox mediators (e.g., ferrocene-based redox mediators) attached to the at least one hydrophilic polymer arm.

Abstract: An enzymatic electrochemical-based sensor includes a substrate and a conductive layer formed from a dried water-miscible conductive ink. The water-miscible conductive ink used to form the conductive layer includes a conductive material, an enzyme, a mediator, and a binding agent and is formulated such that the water-miscible conductive ink is a water-miscible aqueous-based dispersion and the binding agent became operatively water-insoluble upon drying.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing a portion of an enzymatic electrochemical-based sensor includes applying a water-miscible conductive ink to a substrate of an enzymatic electrochemical-based sensor. The water-miscible conductive ink includes a conductive material, an enzyme, a mediator, and a binding agent (that becomes operatively water-insoluble upon drying) formulated as a water-miscible aqueous-based dispersion. The method further includes the drying the water-miscible conductive ink to form a conductive layer on the substrate that includes an operatively water-insoluble binding agent.

Abstract: A water-miscible conductive ink for use in enzymatic electrochemical-based sensors includes a conductive material, an enzyme, a mediator and a binding agent. The conductive material, enzyme, mediator, and binding agent are formulated as a water-miscible aqueous-based dispersion wherein the binding agent becomes operatively water-insoluble upon drying.

Abstract: A redox polymer for use in an electrochemical-based sensor includes a hydrophobic polymer backbone (e.g., a hydrophobic poly(methyl methacrylate) polymer backbone) and at least one hydrophilic polymer arm (such as a hydrophilic oligo(N-vinylpyrrolidinone) polymer arm) attached to the hydrophobic polymer backbone. The redox polymer also includes a plurality of redox mediators (e.g., ferrocene-based redox mediators) attached to the at least one hydrophilic polymer arm.

Abstract: A redox polymer for use in an electrochemical-based sensor includes a hydrophobic polymer backbone (e.g., a hydrophobic poly(methyl methacrylate) polymer backbone) and at least one hydrophilic polymer arm (such as a hydrophilic oligo(N-vinylpyrrolidinone) polymer arm) attached to the hydrophobic polymer backbone. The redox polymer also includes a plurality of redox mediators (e.g., ferrocene-based redox mediators) attached to the at least one hydrophilic polymer arm.

Abstract: Ionic hydrophilic high molecular weight redox polymers for use in enzymatic electrochemical-based sensors include a hydrophilic polymer (such as a hydrophilic polymer backbone) with ionic portions (e.g., cationic monomers incorporated in the hydrophilic polymer backbone) and a plurality of attached redox mediators. The redox mediators can be, for example, covalently attached to the hydrophilic polymer in a pendant manner. An exemplary cationic hydrophilic high molecular weight redox polymer is synthesized by co-polymerization of a hydrophilic acrylamide monomer, [2-(acryloyloxy)ethyl]trimethyl ammonium chloride and vinyl ferrocene.

Abstract: An electrochemical-based sensor includes an electrode with at least one electrode surface, a film disposed on the electrode surface, and a dialysis membrane disposed on the film. The film includes a redox enzyme and a hydrophilic redox polymer (i.e., a polymer with an attached redox mediator(s)). In addition, the dialysis membrane serves to entrap the redox polymer and redox enzyme in the vicinity of the electrode. Such entrapment is accomplished by employing a redox enzyme and a hydrophilic redox polymer of a sufficiently high molecular weight that they do not pass through the dialysis membrane.

Abstract: A redox polymer for use in an electrochemical-based sensor includes a hydrophobic polymer backbone (e.g., a hydrophobic poly(methyl methacrylate) polymer backbone) and at least one hydrophilic polymer arm (such as a hydrophilic oligo(N-vinylpyrrolidinone) polymer arm) attached to the hydrophobic polymer backbone. The redox polymer also includes a plurality of redox mediators (e.g., ferrocene-based redox mediators) attached to the at least one hydrophilic polymer arm.