Abstract: Seismic data may be imaged using or recognizing substantially only primary reflections. Imaging seismic data may include for example integrating a plurality of seismic data points that have substantially similar arrival directions, for example, to a modeled primary ray. Seismic data points may be imaged that for example substantially meet a set of predetermined conditions, for example, conditions substantially unique to primaries, which may include for example arrival direction and angle of reflection.

Abstract: An apparatus for controlling the temperature of at least one liquid reaction mixture, the apparatus including (a) at least one reaction vessel having open proximal and distal ends, the at least one reaction vessel including a gas permeable, liquid retaining, barrier positioned at a proximal portion thereof; (b) a pump being in fluid communication with the proximal end of the at least one reaction vessel through the barrier, for generating negative or positive pressure within the at least one reaction vessel, for translocating the at least one liquid reaction mixture through the distal end into and out of the at least one reaction vessel; and (c) a temperature controller being in thermal communication with the at least one reaction vessel for controlling the temperature of the at least one liquid reaction mixture when maintained within the at least one reaction vessel.

Abstract: A method for efficiently and accurately migrating seismic data recorded from an area of interest is disclosed. The method utilizes determining displacement values for every output sample in an area of interest, preferably by generating a displacement section from a velocity section and depth model. The displacement values are then used to select a migration aperture for the migration algorithm.