Angulated dental implant
A dental implant includes a generally cylindrical body, an interior bore, and a non-rotational feature. The generally cylindrical body has a main-central axis and is formed from cold-worked, high strength, commercially pure titanium having an ultimate tensile strength of at least about 900 MPa. The generally cylindrical body has a proximal portion and an opposing distal portion for anchoring the dental implant in bone of a patient. The interior bore is formed in the generally cylindrical body and has (i) a bore-central axis and (ii) a threaded portion for receiving a screw that is configured to removable hold an abutment in engagement with the dental implant. The non-rotational feature is configured to engage the abutment in a non-rotational fashion.
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This application claims the benefit of and priority to U.S. Provisional Application No. 62/315,274, filed Mar. 30, 2016, and U.S. Provisional Application No. 62/361,665, filed Jul. 13, 2016, each of which is hereby incorporated by reference herein in its entirety.
TECHNICAL FIELDThis disclosure relates to restorative dental implants and abutments and more specifically to dental implants formed from cold-worked, high strength, commercial pure titanium.
BACKGROUNDSingle tooth restorations (e.g., crowns) present the unique requirement that they must be supported non-rotationally on an underlying structure (e.g., a natural tooth prep, an abutment/implant assembly, etc.). When the underlying structure is a prepared natural tooth, this non-rotational supporting requirement is met in the normal course of preparing the natural tooth with a non-circular cross-section. Similarly, when the underlying structure is an abutment secured to a dental implant, this non-rotational supporting requirement is met by preparing and/or using an abutment with a noncircular cross-section. This latter scenario can be more complicated due to the added connection between the dental implant and the abutment.
Typically, a dental implant is implanted into bone of a patient's jaw (e.g., maxilla and/or mandible). While numerous design iterations have been marketed, overall there have been two types of dental implant-abutment interfaces within these assemblies: (i) an external-connection dental implant and (ii) an internal-connection dental implant. The external-connection dental implant design typically includes a hexagonal boss (or another anti-rotation feature) protruding out of the dental implant's upper surface, whereas the internal-connection dental implant design typically includes a hexagonal socket (or another anti-rotation feature) extending down and into the dental implant's upper portion. With either dental implant (e.g., external/boss or internal/socket), a corresponding abutment engages the dental implant in a non-rotational fashion and is typically secured thereto with a screw.
In most restorative situations, a central or main axis of the tooth restoration and/or of the post of the abutment is at a non-zero angle relative to the central or main axis of the dental implant. This is typically the case due to the natural anatomy of most patients. As such, when installed, natural forces (e.g., from chewing) generated in the mouth are transferred from the tooth restoration (e.g., crown), to the abutment, and then to the dental implant installed in the patient's jawbone. Because of the angle between the central axis of the tooth restoration and the central axis dental implant, the forces also create bending moments that can cause the abutment and dental implant to separate, which can allow leakage into the dental implant.
One solution to mitigating the negative impact of such forces on the connection site between the abutment and the dental implant involves the use of angled dental implants. Angled dental implants typically include an angled mating surface (e.g., angled relative to horizontal) for connection with the abutment and an angled threaded bore (e.g., angled relative to vertical) for receiving the screw that holds the abutment to the dental implant at an angle relative to a central or main axis of the dental implant. While such angled dental implants aid in mitigating the negative impact of the natural forces at the connection site (between the abutment and the dental implant), the inclusion of such internal angled features within the dental implant generally requires the dental implant to have a relatively larger sized outer diameter to accommodate such angled features therein (e.g., a 6 millimeter outer diameter). More specifically, the inclusion of such internal angled features can cause a portion of an outer wall of the angled dental implant to have thickness that is much thinner than the rest of the wall forming the angled dental implant. As such, if the outer diameter is too small (even if just at a relatively small portion of the angled dental implant), the angled dental abutment may be prone to easily break/snap/fail. Due to these limitations, angled dental implants have typically been limited to having at least a 4.5 millimeter outer diameter; however, such angled dental implants are not typically suitable for use in the anterior maxilla/mandible as the anterior maxilla/mandible in many patients is not able to support dental implants with such a large outer diameter.
Thus, a need exists for angled dental implants with relatively smaller outer diameters (e.g., 3.0 mm, 3.25 mm, 3.5 mm, 4.0 mm, etc.) for use, for example, in the anterior maxilla/mandible of a patient. The present disclosure is directed to solving these problems and addressing other needs.
BRIEF SUMMARYAccording to some implementations of the present disclosure, a dental implant includes a generally cylindrical body, an interior bore, and a non-rotational feature. The generally cylindrical body has a main-central axis and is formed from cold-worked, high strength, commercially pure titanium having an ultimate tensile strength of at least about 800 MPa, preferably at least about 900 MPa, such as, for example, 920 MPa. The generally cylindrical body has a proximal portion and an opposing distal portion for anchoring the dental implant in bone of a patient. The interior bore is formed in the generally cylindrical body and has (i) a bore-central axis and (ii) a threaded portion for receiving a screw that is configured to removable hold an abutment in engagement with the dental implant. The non-rotational feature is configured to engage the abutment in a non-rotational fashion.
According to some implementations of the present disclosure, an angled dental implant includes a generally cylindrical body, an interior bore, and non-rotational feature. The generally cylindrical body has a maximum outer diameter and a main-central axis. The generally cylindrical body is formed from cold-worked, high strength, commercially pure titanium having an ultimate tensile strength of at least about 900 MPa. The generally cylindrical body has a proximal portion and an opposing distal portion for anchoring the angled dental implant in bone of a patient. The interior bore is formed in the generally cylindrical body, thereby forming a circumferentially extending wall defined by at least a portion of an outer surface of the generally cylindrical body and at least a portion of an inner surface of the interior bore. The interior bore has a bore-central axis that is at an angle between about 7° degrees and about 31° degrees relative to the main-central axis of the generally cylindrical body. The relative angle of the bore-central axis causes at least a first portion of the circumferentially extending wall to have a varying thickness about a circumference of the first portion. The thickness of the circumferentially extending wall at the first portion varies from a thinnest portion adjacent to a first side of the generally cylindrical body to a thickest portion adjacent to a second opposing side of the generally cylindrical body. The interior bore has a threaded portion for receiving a screw configured to removable hold an abutment in engagement with the angled dental implant. The non-rotational feature is configured to engage the abutment in a non-rotational fashion. A ratio of the maximum outer diameter of the generally cylindrical body to the thinnest portion of the circumferentially extending wall adjacent to the first side of the generally cylindrical body at the first portion is between about 16 and about 80.
A method of making a dental implant includes machining cold-worked commercially pure titanium into a generally cylindrical body having a main-central axis. The generally cylindrical body has a proximal portion and an opposing distal portion for anchoring the dental implant in bone of a patient. The cold-worked commercially pure titanium has an ultimate tensile strength of at least about 900 MPa. An interior bore is formed in the generally cylindrical body. The interior bore includes (i) a bore-central axis and (ii) a threaded portion. A non-rotational feature is formed in the generally cylindrical body for engaging an abutment.
According to some implementations of the present disclosure, an angled zygomatic dental implant includes a generally cylindrical body, an interior bore, and a non-rotational feature. The generally cylindrical body has a maximum outer diameter and a main-central axis. The generally cylindrical body is formed from cold-worked, high strength, commercially pure titanium having an ultimate tensile strength of at least about 900 MPa. The generally cylindrical body has a proximal portion, a middle portion, and a threaded distal portion for anchoring the angled zygomatic dental implant in bone of a patient. The generally cylindrical body has a length between about 25 millimeters and about 60 millimeters. The interior bore is formed in the generally cylindrical body, thereby forming a circumferentially extending wall defined by at least a portion of an outer surface of the generally cylindrical body and at least a portion of an inner surface of the interior bore. The interior bore has a bore-central axis that is at an angle between about 40° and about 65° relative to the main-central axis of the generally cylindrical body. The relative angle of the bore-central axis causes the circumferentially extending wall to have a thinnest portion. The interior bore has a threaded portion for receiving a screw configured to removable hold an abutment in engagement with the angled zygomatic dental implant. The non-rotational feature is configured to engage the abutment in a non-rotational fashion. A ratio of the maximum outer diameter of the generally cylindrical body to the thinnest portion of the circumferentially extending wall is between about 50 and about 75.
The foregoing and additional aspects and implementations of the present disclosure will be apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art in view of the detailed description of various embodiments and/or implementations, which is made with reference to the drawings, a brief description of which is provided next.
The foregoing and other advantages of the present disclosure will become apparent upon reading the following detailed description and upon reference to the drawings.
While the present disclosure is susceptible to various modifications and alternative forms, specific embodiments have been shown by way of example in the drawings and will be described in detail herein. It should be understood, however, that the present disclosure is not intended to be limited to the particular forms disclosed. Rather, the present disclosure is to cover all modifications, equivalents, and alternatives falling within the spirit and scope of the present disclosure as defined by the appended claims.
DETAILED DESCRIPTIONThe dental implants of the present disclosure described herein are formed from (e.g., machined out of) cold-worked, high strength, commercially pure titanium having an ultimate tensile strength of at least about 900 megapascals (MPa). Ultimate tensile strength it is meant to refer to the maximum stress that a material can withstand while being stretched or pulled before breaking. By cold-worked, it is meant that the material is shaped at a temperature below its recrystallization temperature (e.g., ambient temperature). Examples of such shaping techniques include: squeezing, bending, drawing, shearing, rolling, or any combinations thereof.
In some implementations, the dental implants of the present disclosure are formed from cold-worked, high strength, commercially pure titanium having an ultimate tensile strength of at least about 900 megapascals (MPa). The material used to make the dental implants of the present disclosure starts as commercially pure titanium (e.g., Grade IV Titanium as defined by the ASTM International standard ASTM F67) with a relatively lower ultimate tensile strength (e.g., 550 MPa). Then, the commercially pure titanium is cold worked, which increases the commercially pure titanium's ultimate tensile strength from its initial value to a relatively higher value (e.g., 800 MPa, 850 MPa, 900 MPa, 920 MPa, 940 MPa, 960 MPa, etc.). Then, the dental implants of the present disclosure are machined out of this cold worked, high strength, commercially pure titanium material having the relatively higher ultimate tensile strength (e.g., 920 MPa). As such, the dental implants of the present disclosure are able to be machined with relatively smaller sizes (e.g., smaller diameters) without potentially sacrificing long term performance of the dental implants compared with dental implants machined out of materials having relatively lower ultimate tensile strength (e.g., 400 MPa).
Referring generally to
The proximal portion 112a includes first threads 114a about an exterior surface thereof and the distal portion 112b includes second threads 114b about an exterior surface thereof. In some implementations, the first and second threads 114a,b are the same (e.g., same pitch, same cross-section, and/or same number of starts, etc.) and in some alternatives, the first and the second threads 114a,b are different. For example, the first threads 114a can be a multi-lead thread with three threads each having a pitch of 0.6 millimeters (e.g., 0.2 millimeters between adjacent turns of the multi-lead threads) and the second thread 114b can be a single thread having a pitch of 0.6 millimeters. Various alternative threads, pitches, and ratios are contemplated, such as multi-lead threads on both the first threads 114a and the second threads 114b with the same or different pitches. The first and second threads 114a,b can be blended together (e.g., near the middle of the dental implant 100) or separate and distinct (e.g., not touching). In some implementations, the first thread 114a (about the distal portion 112b) is a micro thread 114a and the second thread 114b (about the proximal portion 112b) is a main thread 114b in that the main thread 114b is for deeper, primary engagement with the bone. In such implementations, the micro thread 114a has a smaller peak-to-trough distance and a larger minor thread diameter as compared with the peak-to-trough distance and minor thread diameter of the main thread 114b. In some exemplary implementations, the peak-to-trough distance of the first thread is in the range from about 0.05 millimeters to 0.1 millimeters and the peak-to-trough distance of the second thread is in the range from about 0.2 millimeters to about 0.5 millimeters. For example, peak-to-trough distance of the first thread is about 0.075 millimeters and the peak-to-trough distance of the second thread is about 0.25 millimeters.
The distal portion 112b of the generally cylindrical body 110 includes three generally vertical flutes 118 spaced about the circumference of the dental implant 100 that cross (e.g., break up) the second thread 114b. The flutes 118 aid the installation of the dental implant 100 by (i) self-tapping the dental implant 100 into the patient's bone socket and/or (ii) providing a path for material to be ejected from the cavity (e.g., bone socket) receiving the dental implant 100 during installation. More or fewer flutes 118 are also contemplated (e.g., one, two, four, five, etc.).
The proximal portion 112a of the generally cylindrical body 110 also includes a collar section 120. The collar section 120 is generally cylindrical and is positioned near and/or at a proximal end of the dental implant 100. The collar section 120 is distinct from the rest of the proximal portion 112a of the generally cylindrical body 110 as the collar section 120 does not include the first thread 114a therearound. As shown in
Throughout the present disclosure, reference is made to various sized dental implants. To identify the various dental implants of the present disclosure, the dental implants may be referred to as having a nominal size. For example, the nominal size may generally or nominally refer to a dental implant's maximum outer diameter or width. This maximum outer diameter can refer to the maximum outer diameter Dmax,c of the collar section 120 and/or the maximum outer diameter Dmax,t of the first thread 114a (as opposed to the inner diameter of the first thread 114a). By way of example, the dental implant 100 shown in
The non-rotational feature 150 generally protrudes from the collar section 120 and is external to the interior bore 130 (e.g., at least to the threaded portion of the interior bore 130). As shown, the non-rotational feature 150 is a six-sided hexagonal boss that can non-rotationally mate with a corresponding non-rotational feature (e.g., non-rotational feature 685 shown in
The generally cylindrical body 110 of the dental implant 100 has a main-central axis Xmain. The main-central axis Xmain is defined as a straight axis/line that goes through the geometric center and/or the axis of symmetry of at least the distal portion 112b of the generally cylindrical body 110 of the dental implant 100. As shown in
The interior bore 130 is formed in the generally cylindrical body 110 of the dental implant 100. The interior bore 130 includes a female or internal thread 132 therein to threadingly mate with a screw (e.g., screw 690 shown in
The interior bore 130 forms a circumferentially extending wall 135 that is defined by an outer surface 119 of the generally cylindrical body 110 and an inner surface 139 of the interior bore 130. The circumferentially extending wall 135 has a minimum thickness tw,min and a maximum thickness tw,max as best shown in
It is also noted that the minimum and maximum thicknesses tw,min and tw,max of the circumferentially extending wall 135 can also depend on the location (e.g., vertical position along a height of the dental implant) that the thicknesses are being measured. For example, for an angled dental implant, the minimum thickness tw,min of the circumferentially extending wall near or at the proximal end of the interior bore will be different than the minimum thickness tw.min of the circumferentially extending wall near or at the distal end of the interior bore. Additionally, the thickness of the circumferentially extending wall 135 varies about the circumference (e.g., rotational position about the main-central axis Xmain) of the angled dental implant due to the interior bore being at an angle relative to the main-central axis Xmain, which is described below and shown in
Based on the exemplary implementation shown in
Now referring to
The angled dental implant 200 can be referred to as a 3.25 millimeter angled dental implant, which is the nominal maximum outer diameter Dmax,c of the collar section 220 and/or the nominal maximum outer diameter Dmax,t of a first thread 214a. The angled dental implant 200 further includes a non-rotational feature 250 that is the same as, or similar to, the non-rotational feature 150, except that the non-rotational feature 250 is angled relative to the main-central axis Xmain of the angled dental implant 200 as the non-rotational feature 250 extends from the angled collar section 220. Like the generally cylindrical body 110 of the dental implant 100, the generally cylindrical body 210 is generally divided into an upper or proximal portion 212a and a lower or distal portion 212b. The proximal portion 212a includes the first thread 214a and the distal portion 212b includes a second thread 214b that are the same as, or similar to the first and second threads 114a,b. Moreover, the distal portion 212b includes three generally vertical flutes 218 that are the same as, or similar to the flutes 118.
The generally cylindrical body 210 of the dental angled implant 200 has a main-central axis Xmain. While the main-central axis Xmain of the angled dental implant 200 goes through the geometric center and/or the axis of symmetry of the distal portion 212b of the generally cylindrical body 210 (e.g., similar to the main-central axis Xmain of the dental implant 100), the main-central axis Xmain of the angled dental implant 200 does not go through (e.g., is not coincident with) the axis of symmetry of the proximal portion 212a of the generally cylindrical body 210. This is because the proximal portion 212a of the generally cylindrical body 210 of the angled dental implant 200 includes an angled portion 213 that is angled and/or offset relative to (1) the main-central axis Xmain of the angled dental implant 200 and (2) the rest of the generally cylindrical body 210 of the angled dental implant 200.
The proximal portion 212a includes the collar section 220, which differs from the collar section 120 of dental implant 100 in
The interior bore 230 is formed in the generally cylindrical body 210 of the angled dental implant 200. The interior bore 230 includes a female or internal thread 232 therein to threadingly mate with a screw (e.g., screw 690 shown in
Similar to the interior bore 130, the interior bore 230 forms a circumferentially extending wall 235 that is defined by an outer surface 219 of the generally cylindrical body 210 and an inner surface 239 of the interior bore 230. The circumferentially extending wall 235 has a minimum thickness tw,min and a maximum thickness tw,max as best shown in
The minimum and maximum thicknesses tw,min and tw,max of the circumferentially extending wall 235 also depend on the location (e.g., vertical position along a height of the angled dental implant) that the thicknesses are being measured. For example, for the angled dental implant 200 in
As can be appreciated by the above description and
In summary, the circumferentially extending wall 235 has one or more portions or sections that have a relatively thin thickness compared to the rest of the circumferentially extending wall 235. It is these portions of the circumferentially extending wall 235 that are more prone to breaking/failing/snapping when the angled dental implant 200 is loaded (e.g., coupled with an abutment and crown and used for mastication purposes in a patient's mouth). By machining the angled dental implant 200 out of the cold worked, commercially pure titanium material having the relatively higher ultimate tensile strength (e.g., 920 MPa) described herein, the angled dental implant 200 is able to have such relatively thin wall portions. As such, angled dental implants of the present disclosure are able to be machined with relatively smaller outer diameters and/or relatively larger angles θ as compared with previous dental implants and such relatively smaller angled dental implants can be used in areas of a patient's mouth requiring such smaller sized angled dental implants, such as, for example, the anterior maxilla and/or the anterior mandible.
Based on the exemplary implementation shown in
Now referring to
The angled dental implant 300 includes a generally cylindrical body 310, an angled portion 313, the collar section 320, an interior bore 330, a non-rotational feature 350, a proximal portion 312a, a distal portion 312b, the first thread 314a, a second thread 314b, flutes 318, a main-central axis Xmain a bore-central axis Xbore, and a circumferentially extending wall 335, which are the same as, or similar to, the generally cylindrical body 210, the angled portion 213, the collar section 220, the interior bore 230, the non-rotational feature 250, the proximal portion 212a, the distal portion 212b, the first thread 214a, the second thread 214b, the flutes 218, the main-central axis Xmain the bore-central axis Xbore, and the circumferentially extending wall 235 of the angled dental implant 200.
The main difference between the angled dental implants 200 and 300 is the thickness of the circumferentially extending walls 235 and 335, which is caused, at least in part, by the difference between the outer diameters of the angled dental implants 200 and 300. As shown in
Further, as can be appreciated by the above description and
Based on the exemplary implementation shown in
Now referring to
The angled dental implant 400 includes a generally cylindrical body 410, an angled portion 413, the collar section 420, the interior bore 430, a non-rotational feature 450, a proximal portion 412a, a distal portion 412b, the first thread 414a, a second thread 414b, flutes 418, the main-central axis Xmain, the bore-central axis Xbore, and a circumferentially extending wall 435, which are the same as, or similar to, the generally cylindrical body 310, the angled portion 313, the collar section 320, the interior bore 330, the non-rotational feature 350, the proximal portion 312a, the distal portion 312b, the first thread 314a, the second thread 314b, the flutes 318, the main-central axis Xmain, the bore-central axis Xbore, and the circumferentially extending wall 335 of the angled dental implant 300.
The main difference between the angled dental implants 300 and 400 is the thickness of the circumferentially extending walls 335 and 435, which is caused, at least in part, by the difference between the angles θ (e.g., about 12 degrees vs. about 24 degrees) of the angled dental implants 300 and 400. As shown in
Further, as can be appreciated by the above description and
Based on the exemplary implementation shown in
Now referring to
The angled dental implant 500 includes an interior bore 530 with a bore-central axis Xbore that is at an angle θ of about 12 degrees relative to a main-central axis Xmain of the angled dental implant 500. Further, the angled dental implant 500 is generally referred to as a 3.5 millimeter angled dental implant, which is the nominal maximum outer diameter Dmax,c of a collar section 520 and/or the nominal maximum outer diameter Dmax,t of a first thread 514a.
The angled dental implant 500 includes a generally cylindrical body 510, an angled portion 513, the collar section 520, the interior bore 530, a proximal portion 512a, a distal portion 512b, the first thread 514a, a second thread 514b, flutes 518, the main-central axis Xmain, the bore-central axis Xbore, and a circumferentially extending wall 535, which are the same as, or similar to, the generally cylindrical body 210, the angled portion 213, the collar section 220, the interior bore 230, the proximal portion 212a, the distal portion 212b, the first thread 214a, the second thread 214b, the flutes 218, the main-central axis Xmain, the bore-central axis Xbore, and the circumferentially extending wall 235 of the angled dental implant 200.
The main differences between the angled dental implants 200 and 500 are the non-rotational features 250, 550 and the thickness of the circumferentially extending walls 235 and 535, which is caused, at least in part, by (1) the difference in the non-rotational features 250, 550 and (2) the difference between the outer diameters of the angled dental implants 200 and 500. As shown in
Further, as can be appreciated by the above description and
Based on the exemplary implementation shown in
Now referring to
The abutment 675 includes a post 680 and a stem 682 extending in a relative downward direction from the post 680. The post 680 is sized and shaped to support a restoration thereon (e.g., a crown). The stem 682 may include a non-rotational feature 685 for engaging a non-rotational feature 650 of the angled dental implant 600 in a non-rotational fashion such that the abutment 675 is prevented from rotating relative to the angled dental implant 600 when coupled thereto (e.g., by the screw 690).
The abutment 675 includes a through-bore 688 that extends through the post 680 and the stem 682 to allow the screw 690 to be inserted therein. The screw 690 is inserted into the through-bore 688 of the abutment 675 to threadably engage female or internal threads 632 of an interior bore 630 of the angled dental implant 600 as best shown in
Due to the angled dental implant 600 having an angled portion 613, the post 680 of the abutment 675 does not need to be angled relative to the base 678 of the abutment 675 to provide an anatomical tooth restoration.
Now referring to
The angled zygomatic dental implant 700 is generally referred to as a 4.5 millimeter zygomatic angled dental implant, where 4.5 millimeters is the nominal maximum outer diameter Dmax,c of a collar section 720 and/or the nominal maximum outer diameter Dmax,t of a first thread 714a, and where zygomatic indicates the dental implant 700 has a length L between about 20 millimeters and about 70 millimeters, more specifically, zygomatic can indicate the dental implant 700 has a length L between about 25 millimeters and about 60 millimeters. In some implementations, zygomatic indicates the dental implant 700 has a length of about 25 millimeters, about 30 millimeters, about 35 millimeters, about 40 millimeters, about 45 millimeters, about 50 millimeters, about 55 millimeters, about 60 millimeters, about 65 millimeters, about 70 millimeters. Such a length L of the angled zygomatic dental implant 700 is significantly longer than non-zygomatic angled dental implants (e.g., angled dental implants 200, 300, 400, 500), which typically have a length between about 7 millimeters and about 18 millimeters, more specifically, non-zygomatic angled dental implants have a length between about 8 millimeters and about 15 millimeters.
The angled zygomatic dental implant 700 further differs from the angled dental implant 200 in that the angled zygomatic dental implant 700 includes a non-threaded middle portion 712c of a generally cylindrical body 710 between a proximal portion 712a of the generally cylindrical body 710 and a distal portion 712b of the generally cylindrical body 710. The non-threaded middle portion 712c has a length that is between about 20 percent and about 70 percent of a total length of the angled zygomatic dental implant 700, more preferably, the non-threaded middle portion 712c has a length that is between about 35 percent and about 55 percent of a total length of the angled zygomatic dental implant 700. In some implementations, the non-threaded middle portion 712c has a length that is about 45 percent of a total length of the angled zygomatic dental implant 700.
The angled zygomatic dental implant 700 further differs from the angled dental implant 200 in that the angled zygomatic dental implant 700 has a bore-central axis Xbore of the interior bore 730 that is at an angle θ relative to a main-central axis Xmain of the angled zygomatic dental implant 700, where the angle θ can be any angle, such as, for example, between about 7° and about 65°, or between about 40° and about 65°. As shown in
The angled zygomatic dental implant 700 includes the generally cylindrical body 710, an angled portion 713, a collar section 720, an interior bore 730, a non-rotational feature 750, the proximal portion 712a, the distal portion 712b, the first thread 714a, a second thread 714b, flutes 718, a main-central axis Xmain, a bore-central axis Xbore, and a circumferentially extending wall 735, which are the same as, or similar to, the generally cylindrical body 210, the angled portion 213, the collar section 220, the interior bore 230, the non-rotational feature 250, the proximal portion 212a, the distal portion 212b, the first thread 214a, the second thread 214b, the flutes 218, the main-central axis Xmain, the bore-central axis Xbore, and the circumferentially extending wall 235 of the angled dental implant 200.
As shown in
Further, as can be appreciated by the above description and
Based on the exemplary implementation shown in
The proximal portion 712a of the generally cylindrical body 710 has a relatively larger maximum outer diameter than the maximum outer diameter of the non-threaded middle portion 712c of the generally cylindrical body 710 and the maximum outer diameter of the distal portion 712b of the generally cylindrical body 710. For example, as shown, (i) the maximum outer diameter of the threaded proximal portion 712a is about 4.3 millimeters and (ii) the maximum outer diameter of the threaded distal portion 712b and the maximum outer diameter of the non-threaded middle portion 712c is between about 3.2 millimeters and about 4 millimeters. Alternatively, the maximum outer diameter of the threaded distal portion 712b and the maximum outer diameter of the non-threaded middle portion 712c are the same as, or about the same as, the maximum outer diameter of the threaded proximal portion 712a.
Now referring to
The angled zygomatic dental implant 800 is generally referred to as a 3.5 millimeter zygomatic angled dental implant, where 3.5 millimeters is the nominal maximum outer diameter Dmax,c of a collar section 820 and/or the nominal maximum outer diameter Dmax,t of the thread 814. The angled zygomatic dental implant 800 includes the generally cylindrical body 810, an angled portion 813, the collar section 820, an interior bore 830, a non-rotational feature 850, the proximal portion 812a, the distal portion 812b, flutes 818, a main-central axis Xmain, a bore-central axis Xbore, and a circumferentially extending wall 835, which are the same as, or similar to, the generally cylindrical body 710, the angled portion 713, the collar section 720, the interior bore 730, the non-rotational feature 750, the proximal portion 712a, the distal portion 712b, the flutes 718, the main-central axis Xmain, the bore-central axis Xbore, and the circumferentially extending wall 735 of the angled zygomatic dental implant 700.
Now referring to
A single constant thread 914 is wrapped around the distal portion 912b. As shown, a maximum outer diameter of the proximal and middle portions 912a,c is equal or about equal to a minor diameter of the threaded distal portion 912b. Alternatively, the maximum outer diameter of the proximal and middle portions 912a,c is equal or about equal to a major diameter of the threaded distal portion 912b.
A combined length of the non-threaded proximal and middle portions 912a,c is between about 20 percent and about 85 percent of a total length of the angled zygomatic dental implant 900, more preferably, the combined length of the non-threaded proximal and middle portions 912a,c is between about 35 percent and about 70 percent of a total length of the angled zygomatic dental implant 900. In some implementations, the combined length of the non-threaded proximal and middle portions 912a,c is about 60 percent of a total length of the angled zygomatic dental implant 900. In some implementations, the combined length of the non-threaded proximal and middle portions 912a,c is about 30 percent of a total length of the angled zygomatic dental implant 900.
The angled zygomatic dental implant 900 is generally referred to as a 3.5 millimeter zygomatic angled dental implant, where 3.5 millimeters is the nominal maximum outer diameter Dmax,c of a collar section 920. The angled zygomatic dental implant 900 includes the generally cylindrical body 910, an angled portion 913, the collar section 920, an interior bore 930, a non-rotational feature 950, the middle portion 912c, the distal portion 912b, flutes 918, a main-central axis Xmain, a bore-central axis Xbore, and a circumferentially extending wall 935, which are the same as, or similar to, the generally cylindrical body 710, the angled portion 713, the collar section 720, the interior bore 730, the non-rotational feature 750, the middle portion 712c, the distal portion 712b, the flutes 718, the main-central axis Xmain, the bore-central axis Xbore, and the circumferentially extending wall 735 of the angled zygomatic dental implant 700.
Various dental implants are described herein and shown in the FIGS. as having certain maximum outer diameters (e.g., nominal size of the dental implants), certain lengths, certain threaded portions, certain non-threaded portions, certain connection types, and interior bores with certain angles, which all can contribute to the various dental implants of the present disclosure having a measurable thinnest portion of its circumferentially extending wall (e.g., circumferentially extending wall 235). The following table provides examples of dental implants (e.g., straight dental implants, angled dental implants, zygomatic dental implants) along with their thinnest portion of the wall and the ratio of the maximum outer diameter (e.g., nominal size) to the thinnest portion of the wall of the dental implant.
While the dental implants of the present disclosure are described as being machined from cold-worked, high strength, commercially pure (e.g., Grade IV) titanium, in some alternative implementations, the dental implants of the present disclosure can be machined from one or more titanium alloys, such as, for example, an alloy of titanium and one or more of the following materials: Vanadium, Aluminium, Niobium, Zirconium, Chromium, or any combination thereof. In some alternative implementations, the dental implants of the present disclosure are machined from a titanium alloy that includes about 90% Titanium, about 6% Aluminium, and about 4% Vanadium. In some other alternative implementations, the dental implants of the present disclosure are machined from a titanium alloy that includes about 86% Titanium and about 14% Zirconium. In yet some other alternative implementations, the dental implants of the present disclosure are machined from a titanium alloy that includes about 83% Titanium and about 17% Zirconium. In such implementations using one of the described a Titanium-Zirconium alloys, the Titanium-Zirconium alloy material has an ultimate tensile strength of about 950 MPa. In some other alternative implementations, the dental implants of the present disclosure are machined from a titanium alloy that includes about 98% Titanium and about 2% Niobium. In yet some other alternative implementations, the dental implants of the present disclosure are machined from a titanium alloy that includes about 87% Titanium, about 6% Aluminium, and about 7% Niobium. In some other alternative implementations, the dental implants of the present disclosure are machined from a titanium alloy that includes about 91% Titanium, about 6% Aluminium, and about 3% Niobium. In some other alternative implementations, the dental implants of the present disclosure are machined from a titanium alloy that includes about 77% Titanium, about 3% Aluminium, about 9% Niobium, and about 11% Chromium.
The dental implants of the present disclosure are shown and described as including a first thread (e.g., 114a, 214a, 314a, 414a, 514a) and a second thread (e.g., 114b, 214b, 314b, 414b, 514b). For example, the angled dental implant 500 includes the first thread 514a and the second thread 514b. The first thread 514a is also known as a micro thread (about the distal portion 512b) and the second thread 514b is also known as is a main thread 514b (about the proximal portion 512b). By micro thread, it is meant that the micro thread 514a has a relatively smaller peak-to-trough distance as compared with the main thread 514b. By having the first thread 514a be a micro thread 514a (as opposed to just being a continuation of the second thread 514b with the same major thread diameter, the same minor thread diameter, etc.) the minor thread diameter of the micro thread 514a is relatively larger than the minor thread diameter of the main thread 514b. As such, the circumferentially extending wall 535 is relatively thicker than it would have been if the minor thread diameter of the first thread 514a was equal to the minor thread diameter of the second thread 514b. As such, with the circumferentially extending wall 535 being relatively thicker, the angled dental implant 500 is relatively stronger.
Some of the dental implants of the present disclosure are shown and described as being machined from cold-worked, high strength, commercially pure (e.g., Grade IV) titanium. In some such implementations, these dental implants machined from cold-worked, high strength, commercially pure (e.g., Grade IV) titanium have a fatigue strength of at least about 200 newtons, at least about 225 newtons, or at least about 250 newtons.
While the present disclosure has been described with reference to one or more particular embodiments and implementations, those skilled in the art will recognize that many changes may be made thereto without departing from the spirit and scope of the present disclosure. Each of these embodiments and implementations and obvious variations thereof is contemplated as falling within the spirit and scope of the present disclosure, which is set forth in the claims that follow.
Claims
1. An angled dental implant, comprising:
- a generally cylindrical body having a maximum outer diameter and a main-central axis, the generally cylindrical body being formed from cold-worked, high strength, commercially pure titanium having an ultimate tensile strength of at least about 900 MPa, the generally cylindrical body having a proximal portion and an opposing distal portion for anchoring the angled dental implant in bone of a patient, an exterior surface of the proximal portion of the generally cylindrical body including a thread;
- an interior bore formed in the generally cylindrical body, thereby forming a circumferentially extending wall defined by at least a portion of an outer surface of the generally cylindrical body and at least a portion of an inner surface of the interior bore, the interior bore having a bore-central axis that is at an angle between about 7° and about 31° relative to the main-central axis of the generally cylindrical body, the relative angle of the bore-central axis causing at least a first portion of the circumferentially extending wall to have a varying thickness about a circumference of the first portion, the thickness of the circumferentially extending wall at the first portion varying from a thinnest portion adjacent to a first side of the generally cylindrical body to a thickest portion adjacent to a second opposing side of the generally cylindrical body, the interior bore having a threaded portion for receiving a screw configured to removable hold an abutment in engagement with the angled dental implant, the thread of the exterior surface of the proximal portion of the generally cylindrical body being located about the first portion of the circumferentially extending wall having the thinnest portion; and
- a non-rotational feature configured to engage the abutment in a non-rotational fashion,
- wherein a ratio of the maximum outer diameter of the generally cylindrical body to the thinnest portion of the circumferentially extending wall adjacent to the first side of the generally cylindrical body at the first portion is between about 16 and about 80.
2. The angled dental implant of claim 1, wherein the first portion of the circumferentially extending wall is adjacent to a proximal end of the interior bore.
3. The angled dental implant of claim 1, wherein the first portion of the circumferentially extending wall is adjacent to a distal end of the interior bore.
4. The angled dental implant of claim 1, wherein the maximum outer diameter is about 3 millimeters, about 3.25 millimeters, about 3.5 millimeters, about 4 millimeters, or about 4.25 millimeters.
5. The angled dental implant of claim 1, wherein the thinnest portion of the circumferentially extending wall adjacent to the first side of the generally cylindrical body at the first portion is about 0.04 millimeters, about 0.10 millimeters, about 0.15 millimeters, about 0.2 millimeters, about 0.25 millimeters, about 0.3 millimeters, about 0.35 millimeters, or about 0.4 millimeters.
6. The angled dental implant of claim 1, wherein the angled dental implant is an internal-connection dental implant and the non-rotational feature includes a socket formed in the interior bore.
7. The angled dental implant of claim 1, wherein the angled dental implant is an external-connection dental implant and the non-rotational feature includes a boss extending from the proximal portion of the generally cylindrical body.
8. The angled dental implant of claim 1, wherein, prior to engaging the abutment, the non-rotational feature is configured to be engaged by a tool to install the angled dental implant into the bone of the patient.
9. The angled dental implant of claim 8, wherein the non-rotational feature is a six-sided hexagonal boss.
10. The angled dental implant of claim 8, wherein the non-rotational feature is a twelve-sided star-shaped boss.
11. The angled dental implant of claim 1, wherein the thread of the exterior surface of the proximal portion of the generally cylindrical body is a micro thread, and wherein an exterior surface of the opposing distal portion of the generally cylindrical body includes a main thread.
12. The angled dental implant of claim 11, wherein the micro thread has a smaller peak-to-trough distance and a larger minor thread diameter relative to the main thread.
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Type: Grant
Filed: Mar 1, 2017
Date of Patent: May 21, 2019
Patent Publication Number: 20170281320
Assignee: Southern Implants (PTY) Ltd (Irene, Centurion)
Inventors: Graham Alan Blackbeard (Centurion), Leith Carruthers Cumming (Centurion)
Primary Examiner: Matthew M Nelson
Application Number: 15/446,132
International Classification: A61C 8/00 (20060101);