Earth working machine having a filtered dust extraction system with an elastically deformable filter housing

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A mobile earth working machine (10), for example a road milling machine, recycler, or surface miner, includes: a working apparatus (12) for material-removing working of a region of a substrate (U); and an extraction device (40) that is embodied to extract dust-laden air from at least one machine region at at least one extraction location (46), and to exhaust extracted air at a discharge location (50) different from the extraction location (46), the extraction device (40) comprising a filter apparatus (42) arranged along an operational flow path from the at least one extraction location (46) to the discharge location (50), the filter apparatus (42) encompassing: a filter housing (54); a filter element (52) received in the filter housing (54), the filter element (52) being embodied to remove dust particles from the air flowing through the filter apparatus (42). The filter apparatus (42) comprises a deformation actuator arrangement (44, 76a) that interacts force-transferringly with at least one wall (86) of the filter housing (54) in such a way that by actuation of the deformation actuator arrangement (44, 76a), the at least one wall (86) of the filter housing (54) is deformable orthogonally to its wall surface.

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Description
CROSS-REFERENCES TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application claims benefit of German Patent Application No. DE 10 2019 132 892.6, filed on Dec. 3, 2019, and which is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION Field of the Invention

The present invention relates to a mobile earth working machine, for example a road milling machine, a recycler, or a surface miner, the earth working machine encompassing:

    • a working apparatus for material-removing working of a region of a substrate; and
    • an extraction device that is embodied to extract dust-laden air from at least one machine region at at least one extraction location, and to exhaust extracted air at a discharge location different from the extraction location,

the extraction device comprising a filter apparatus arranged along an operational flow path from the at least one extraction location to the discharge location, the filter apparatus encompassing:

    • a filter housing; and
    • a filter element received in the filter housing, the filter element being embodied to remove dust particles from the air flowing through the filter apparatus.

Description of the Prior Art

An earth working machine of this kind embodied as a substrate milling machine, in particular a road milling machine, is known, for example, from DE 10 2004 007 716 B3.

In the existing art and preferably also in the present invention, the substrate material removed by the working apparatus is conveyed by means of a transport belt from a working apparatus housing, in which the working apparatus is received movably in order to execute a removing motion, to a delivery location. The working apparatus housing, constituting an occupational safety apparatus, shields the surroundings of the working apparatus from the working apparatus and from the substrate material removed by it. At the delivery location the conveyed removed substrate material as a rule is ejected, often onto a vehicle which accompanies the mobile, self-propelled earth working machine and disposes of or further processes the received removed substrate material.

Substrate material pieces of different grain sizes are detached from the substrate at the point at which the removing working apparatus engages with the substrate to be worked. These substrate material pieces move with high kinetic energy in the working apparatus housing, and strike the wall of the working apparatus housing and collide with one another and/or with working surfaces of ejectors on the working apparatus and with the working apparatus itself. In the context of these collisions, and already upon removal of the substrate material by the working apparatus, dust of various particle sizes, down to fine dust, is produced. This dust contaminates the air extracted by the extraction device. In the working apparatus housing and/or upon transport of the removed substrate material, the dust can transition into the air space surrounding the removed substrate material. This is the case both for the existing art and for the present invention.

DE 102 23819 A1 already teaches to extract the dust-laden air, produced by earth working, at an extraction location located closer to the working apparatus, and to discharge it onto the transport belt at a discharge location located farther from the working apparatus. Dust in the air discharged at the discharge location can be removed from the air by way of a sprinkler device that sprinkles the surroundings of the discharge location with water, and/or by way of an electrostatic precipitation apparatus.

The teaching of DE 10 2004 007 716 B3, in order to increase the working life of a conveying fan conveying the dust-laden air, is to arrange a filter apparatus upstream from the conveying fan in the flow path of the dust-laden air from the extraction location to the discharge location, and thereby to clean the air before it reaches the conveying fan. The known filter apparatus encompasses a filter apparatus in which a plurality of so-called “filter cartridges,” constituting filter elements, are received in order to achieve a filter area that is as large as possible.

Because the filter elements form on their dirt side, as the filter operating time increases, a filter cake that negatively affects the filtering effect of the respective filter element when a critical size is exceeded, DE 10 2004 007 716 B3 further teaches to remove filter cake from the filter elements by vibration, or by way of a compressed-air pulse effected on the clean side of the filter element. The filter cake removed from the filter element can be delivered onto the transport belt through a configuration, for example a flap or a deformable region, in the bottom of the filter housing. The filter housing is arranged above the transport belt. The transport belt is shielded from the external environment by a cover, so that substrate material lying on the transport belt cannot travel, or can travel to only a very minor extent, from the transport belt into the environment during conveyance to the delivery location.

A further problem with the filter apparatus can be that the extracted dust-laden air can have a high moisture content and/or that the dust itself is damp. The reason for this can be, for example, water injection in the working apparatus housing, the purpose of which is to promptly immobilize dust that occurs during earth working in the immediate vicinity of the working apparatus. This moisture in the dust-laden air can cause dust and filter cake to become consolidated in the filter housing. Because the dust and the filter cake forming therefrom are predominantly mineral in nature, additional moisture often causes the moist filter cake to harden in mortar-like fashion.

SUMMARY

The object of the present invention is therefore to refine the aforementioned mobile earth working machine in such a way that even consolidated, hardened particle material can be easily and reliably removed from its filter apparatus.

This object is achieved according to the present invention by a mobile earth working machine of the kind recited previously whose filter apparatus comprises a deformation actuator arrangement that interacts force-transferringly with at least one wall of the filter housing in such a way that by actuation of the deformation actuator arrangement, the at least one wall of the filter housing is deformable orthogonally to its wall surface. By utilizing this deformability, i.e. by deforming the at least one wall of the filter housing orthogonally to its wall surface, consolidated mineral particle material can be detached from the inner walls of the filter housing.

For easier deformability of the at least one wall of the filter housing, that wall can be constituted from a material having a lower modulus of elasticity than other walls, wall portions, or housing portions of the filter housing. In the interest of maximum robustness of the filter housing, the latter is constituted to the greatest possible extent from metal, in particular sheet metal. The at least one deformable wall of the filter housing can be constituted from a plastic, in particular an elastomer, for instance vulcanized rubber or silicone rubber, or can encompass such a material at least in portions.

In principle, a deformation actuator arrangement that deforms the at least one wall mechanically can be provided, which arrangement, for instance, acts or does not act on the deformable wall with a displaceable plunger depending on the plunger position.

In an advantageous refinement of the invention, the earth working machine can comprise a conveying fan for conveying the dust-laden air, the filter apparatus, in particular the filter element, preferably being located on the intake side of the conveying fan so that the air conveyed by the conveying fan reaches the conveying fan in a cleaned state. The fewer dust particles contained in the conveyed air, the less the abrasive effect of the conveyed air on the conveying fan. The conveying fan can encompass an axial fan that is robust with respect to dust-laden air. Alternatively, the conveying fan can encompass a radial fan that occupies less installation space than an axial fan having the same conveying performance.

In order to avoid additional components, the deformation actuator arrangement preferably encompasses or is the conveying fan that conveys the dust-laden air from at least one extraction location to the discharge location. Because the filter housing is preferably arranged on the intake side of the conveying fan, operation of the conveying fan generates in the filter housing a negative pressure with respect to ambient pressure. As a result of that negative pressure, the at least one deformable wall can be deformed so as to curve into the filter housing. Such an inwardly curved deformation of the at least one deformable wall of the filter housing is one example of a flexed deformed state of the at least one deformable wall. The wall deformed by the conveying fan is shaped concavely when viewing the filter housing from outside. Its inner side facing into the interior of the filter housing is correspondingly convexly curved when the inner side is viewed from inside.

In order to increase the service life of the at least one filter element, the earth working machine can comprise a cleaning apparatus that is embodied to remove from the filter element dust particles that collect on the filter element during filtering operation.

In order to clean the at least one filter element in the filter housing, the cleaning apparatus can comprise a pneumatic apparatus that is embodied to increase the air pressure on the clean side of the filter element above the air pressure existing on the dirt side of the filter element. The pneumatic apparatus preferably encompasses at least one pneumatic pressure reservoir and at least one valve. The pneumatic pressure reservoir is preferably located on the filter housing, particularly preferably externally on the filter housing, so that it does not interfere with the at least one filter element in the interior of the filter housing.

In order to bring about an additional ejecting effect on filter cake on the dirt side via not only pressure elevation but also pressure pulses on the clean side, the control apparatus can preferably be embodied to drive the pneumatic apparatus for percussive delivery of pneumatic pulses.

Additionally or alternatively in order to avoid additional components, the deformation actuator arrangement can encompass or be the above-described pneumatic apparatus. As described, the pneumatic apparatus can be embodied to generate in the filter housing an overpressure with respect to ambient pressure. As a result of that overpressure, the at least one deformable wall can be deformed so as to curve out of the filter housing. Such an outwardly curved deformation of the at least one deformable wall of the filter housing is another example of a flexed deformed state of the at least one deformable wall. The wall deformed by the pneumatic apparatus is shaped convexly when viewing the filter housing from outside. Its inner side facing into the interior of the filter housing is correspondingly concavely curved when the inner side is viewed from inside.

If the deformation actuator arrangement encompasses both the conveying fan and the pneumatic apparatus, an oscillating or alternating pressure impingement on the interior space of the filter housing can cause the at least one deformable wall to be subjected to a flexing deformation so that consolidated hardened dust particle material, which originally was adhering to the deformable wall, flakes off therefrom. This is possible with an advantageous flexing amplitude when the wall is constituted, as indicated above, at least partly, preferably entirely, from a plastic, in particular an elastomer, for example natural rubber or vulcanized rubber.

In order to remove dedusted dust particle material from the filter housing, whether dust particle material from the filter element or material from a wall of the filter housing, the filter housing can comprise an outlet configuration displaceable between an open position and a closed position, for example a movable and/or deformable portion of a filter housing floor which, in its open position, opens an outlet opening in the filter housing. Dust particle material that has collected in the filter housing can be removed from the filter housing through the outlet opening. At least the floor of the filter housing is preferably embodied as the above-described deformable wall, so as thereby to allow the outlet opening also to be embodied without an excessive increase in the number of components required.

As has already been mentioned above, the earth working machine preferably comprises a transport apparatus with which substrate material removed by the working apparatus is conveyable away from the working apparatus to a delivery location. In order for the quantities of removed substrate material which occur per unit time to be reliably transported away, the transport apparatus preferably encompasses as a transport means at least one conveyor belt, preferably at least two conveyor belts that follow one in a conveying direction, which, in order to reduce dust contamination of the surroundings of the earth working machine, is/are enclosed over at least 90% of its/their conveying length. Other transport apparatuses, however, for example screw conveyors and the like, are nevertheless also not excluded.

The filter housing of the present invention, like the filter housing known from DE 10 2004 007 716 B3, is preferably arranged above a transport means of a transport apparatus for conveying the removed substrate material away from the working apparatus housing to a delivery location. Dust particle material can advantageously be delivered from the filter housing onto that transport means.

In the present Application, one filter element is discussed when describing the invention that is presented. This serves merely for illustration, and is not an indication of quantity. Although a single filter element can suffice, the filter apparatus of the present invention preferably comprises a plurality of filter elements, each of which is preferably mounted in the filter housing rotatably around a rotation axis. The rotation axes of the filter elements are then preferably parallel to one another for advantageously efficient utilization of the available installation space.

When an “intentionally detachable” arrangement is discussed in the present Application, this refers to a nondestructively detachable arrangement that can be brought about, for example, by threaded connections, bayonet connections, and the like, in contrast to nondetachable arrangements, for example welded or riveted connections, that can be undone only destructively.

A worn-out filter element can be particularly easily and quickly replaced with a fresh one if it is detachably coupled at one longitudinal end, preferably at only one longitudinal end, to a filter element receptacle. In order to achieve a preferred rotatability of the filter element, it is sufficient if the filter element receptacle arranged on the filter housing is received in or on the filter housing rotatably around the rotation axis. The filter element itself then does not need to furnish any rotatability and/or comprise any configuration for transferring a drive torque from a rotational drive to the filter element. A configuration of this kind interacting with the rotational drive can be embodied solely on the filter element receptacle.

In principle, the filter element has a dirt side located, in terms of an operational flow direction of the dust-laden air from the extraction location to the discharge location, upstream from a porous filter material furnishing the filtering action of the filter element, and a clean side located downstream from the filter material.

Unless otherwise stated in the present Application, the indications “upstream” and “downstream” refer to the operational flow direction of the dust-laden air from the extraction location to the discharge location.

The extraction location is located closer to the working apparatus than the discharge location, since, the dust load of the air in an air conduit leading toward the working apparatus rises with increasing proximity to the working apparatus.

In order to reduce stress on the filter element of the filter apparatus during filtering operation, the filter apparatus can comprise a prefilter that is different from the filter element and is arranged preferably outside the filter housing, so that only pre-cleaned dust-laden air is directed to the filter element. So-called “cyclone” filters, which remove dust particles above a specific particle size from the dust-laden air, have proven successful as such prefilters. The result is that, preferably, only dust particles below a specific particle size, or a specific particle size range, reach the at least one filter element in the filter housing. The filter material of the filter element can be particularly well matched, in terms of its porosity and its permeability, to the particle size range of the dust particles in the pre-cleaned air, so that the cleaning effect of the filter element can be further enhanced.

According to an advantageous refinement, the filter housing is arranged above the transport apparatus in such a way that when the outlet configuration is in the open position, the outlet opening opens toward the transport apparatus. The dust particle material, as a rule minerally consolidated, can then leave the filter housing in response to gravity and reach the transport apparatus, where it is transported along with the removed substrate material to the delivery location.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

The present invention will be explained below with reference to the appended drawings, in which:

FIG. 1 is a schematic side view of an earth working machine according to the present invention during processing that removes substrate material;

FIG. 2 is a perspective view of an enlarged portion of the ejector belt of the transport apparatus, having arranged thereon a filter apparatus of the earth working machine of FIG. 1;

FIG. 3 is a schematic perspective view of the filter apparatus of FIG. 2, including a prefilter, of the earth working machine of FIG. 1;

FIG. 4 is a schematic perspective view, obliquely from the front and above, of the filter apparatus of FIG. 3 without a prefilter;

FIG. 5 is an enlarged schematic side view of the bypass valve of the filter apparatus of the earth working machine of FIG. 1; and

FIG. 6 is a schematic exemplifying cross-sectional view through the filter material of a filter element of the filter apparatus of FIGS. 1 to 5.

 DETAILED DESCRIPTION

In FIG. 1, an earth working machine (hereinafter referred to simply as a “machine”) according to the present invention is labeled in general with the number 10. What is depicted by way of example as machine 10 according to the present invention is a large road milling machine, working apparatus 12 of which, having a milling drum 14 known per se as is typical for large road milling machines, is arranged between front drive units 16 and rear drive units 18. Drive units 16 and 18, each drivable for propelled motion preferably by a hydraulic motor (not depicted), are steerable, and carry a machine frame 20 that in turn carries working apparatus 12. Machine 10 is thus a self-propelled vehicle.

The direction of gravity is labeled with an arrow g in FIGS. 1 to 3.

Milling drum 14, rotatable around a rotation axis R that is orthogonal to the drawing plane of FIG. 1 and proceeds parallel to pitch axis Ni of machine 10, is shielded with respect to the external surroundings of machine 10 by a milling drum housing 22 that supports milling drum 14 rotatably around rotation axis R. In order to enable earth working as intended by machine 10, milling drum housing 22 is open toward substrate U, on which machine 10 stands with drive units 16 and 18 and which milling drum 14 removes.

Machine frame 20 is connected to drive units 16 and 18, vertically adjustably along yaw axis Gi, via front lifting columns 17 and rear lifting columns 19, with the result that, for example, the milling depth t of milling drum 14 is adjustable.

Machine 10 can be controlled from an operator's platform 24. Operator's platform 24 can be roofed in a manner known per se.

Substrate material removed by milling drum 14 during earth working as intended is conveyed by a transport apparatus 26 from working apparatus 12 to a delivery location 28 where, in the example depicted, it is transferred to a transport truck 30 that precedes and accompanies machine 10 during earth working at a distance in the direction of roll axis Ro.

Transport apparatus 26 encompasses a receiving belt 32 located closer to working apparatus 12 and an ejector belt 34 that interacts with receiving belt 32 and is located farther from working apparatus 12. Receiving belt 32 is mounted on machine frame 20 in circulation-capable fashion, but unmodifiably with regard to its orientation relative to machine frame 20. At a transfer point 36, receiving belt 32 transfers the material conveyed by it onto ejector belt 34, which conveys the received material to delivery location 28. Ejector belt 34 is likewise circulation-capable but is pivotable relative to machine frame 20 around a pivot axis S parallel to the yaw axis and is tiltable around a tilt axis orthogonal to pivot axis S, so that delivery location 28, which coincides with the ejecting longitudinal end of ejector belt 34, is movable approximately over the surface of a spherical shell in order to adapt delivery location 28 to the respective accompanying vehicle.

Transport apparatus 26 is enclosed along its entire length by an enclosure 38 in order to avoid contamination of the external surroundings of transport apparatus 26 with dust and with material that might drop off transport apparatus 26. That part of enclosure 38 which is located above receiving belt 32 is implemented for the most part by machine frame 20.

To further reduce emissions of dirt, in particular dust, from machine 10 because of working apparatus 12, the latter encompasses an extraction device 40 having a filter apparatus 42.

In order to indicate that extraction device 40 can be configured in different ways, extraction device 40 is depicted in FIG. 1 with a conveying fan 44′ at the top end of a filter housing 54. Filter apparatus 42 is located on the intake side of conveying fan 44′ so that air cleaned by filter apparatus 42 passes through conveying fan 44′ of extraction device 40 of FIG. 1.

Extraction device 40 extracts dust-laden air at an extraction location 46 that can be located, for example, above receiving belt 34, and conveys the dust-laden air, in the order indicated, through a prefilter 48 and through filter apparatus 42 to a discharge location 50 that either can be an outlet on conveying fan 44′ which discharges directly into the external surroundings of machine 10 or can be, above ejector belt 34, an opening in enclosure 38 through which the cleaned air is taken back to transport apparatus 26, so that the cleaned air, together with the removed substrate material, emerges at delivery location 28 into the surroundings of machine 10.

Shown in filter apparatus 42 is a filter element 52 whose longitudinal axis is oriented substantially parallel to the transportation direction or to the running direction of ejector belt 34.

Filter apparatus 42 is shown in FIGS. 2 and 3 in greater detail than in FIG. 1. Filter apparatus 42 encompasses filter housing 54 in which (in the example depicted) two, but very generally a plurality of, filter elements 52 are arranged.

Unlike in FIG. 1, in FIGS. 2 and 3 conveying fan 44 is depicted in a lower portion of filter housing 54. Filter housing 54 or filter apparatus 42 is nevertheless located functionally, as in FIG. 1, on the intake side of conveying fan 44.

FIG. 3 shows in particular the mirror-symmetrical configuration of extraction device 40 in terms of first and second hose ducts 56 and 58, prefilter 48, and conveying fan 44, which are each provided in pairs with respect to a mirror symmetry plane spanned by yaw axis Gi and roll axis Ro, the mirror symmetry being applicable to an extended reference state in which ejector belt 34 and the transport device of ejector belt 34 are located in the mirror symmetry plane.

Dust-laden air is conveyed by conveying fan 44 through a first hose duct 56 from extraction location 46 to prefilter 48 configured as a cyclone filter, where a pre-cleaning of the dust-laden air occurs in a manner known per se. The pre-cleaned air, as a rule now laden only with fine dust having a particle size below a threshold value determined by the cyclone filter, is conveyed via a second hose duct 58 to a bypass valve 60, and from there the pre-cleaned air enters filter housing 54.

Filter housing 54 comprises a larger compartment 54a in which filter elements 52 are received, and a smaller compartment 54b in which no filter elements 52 are received. Filter elements 52 are therefore located in an interior space 57 of filter housing 54 or of compartment 54a.

Bypass valve 60 encompasses a valve component 60a that is movable relative to filter housing 54, and a filter-housing-mounted valve component 60b. Movable valve component 60a can be pivotable, for example, 180° relative to filter-housing-mounted component 60b around a valve axis V. An exit opening 62 of second hose duct 58, constituting a conveying conduit that is upstream with respect to bypass valve 60, is connected to movable valve component 60a via an attachment configuration 61 protruding from the preferably plate-shaped movable valve component 60a that is configured to be flat, while filter-housing-mounted valve component 60b comprises two entry openings 64 and 66, of which entry opening 64 leads via an attachment configuration 63a into compartment 54a of filter housing 54 in which filter elements 52 are received, whereas entry opening 66 leads via an attachment configuration 63b into compartment 54b having no filter elements. A handle 68 serves for adjustment of bypass valve 60 between its filtering operating position, in which bypass valve 60 connects exit opening 62 to entry opening 64, and the bypass operating position in which bypass valve 60 connects exit opening 62 to entry opening 66. Alternatively, instead of handle 68, a motorized drive system can also be provided for adjusting bypass valve 60 between its two operating positions.

A respective elastic seal configuration 65a, 65b, surrounding the respective entry opening 64, 66, can protrude from filter-housing-mounted valve component 60b from bounding surface 60b1 facing toward movable valve component 60a, in order to span in gas-tight fashion a separating gap between valve components 60a and 60b.

Conveying fan 44 always extracts air via the preferably smaller compartment 54b, devoid of filter elements, of filter housing 54. Depending on the position of bypass valve 60, conveying fan 44 aspirates air via filter elements 52 in compartment 54a or directly via entrance opening 66 without further filtration.

The preferably plate-shaped movable valve component 60a is constructed asymmetrically in such a way that it closes off that entry opening on filter-housing-mounted valve component 60b which is not connected to exit opening 62 of movable valve component 60a. Undesired aspiration of leakage air by conveying fan 44 is thereby avoided, so that the entire conveying effect of conveying fan 44 is applied to the air flow that is actually intended to be conveyed.

In FIG. 4 two filter elements 52, by way of example, are depicted with dashed lines in interior space 57 of compartment 54a. The two filter elements 52 each extend along a longitudinal axis L that is also a rotation axis D of the respective filter element 52. Filter elements 52 are arranged with parallel longitudinal axes L. Filter elements 52 can each be rotated around rotation axis D by a rotational drive system 70 shown in FIG. 5.

Filter elements 52 are mounted at only one longitudinal end, in cantilevered fashion, on rotary bearings 72, from which they protrude along their longitudinal axis L or rotation axis D. Rotary bearings 72, which represent embodiments of filter element receptacles recited above, are arranged on filter housing 54 and comprise a coupling configuration to which a counterpart coupling configuration on a filter element 52 is detachably couplable. The result is that filter elements 52 on the one hand can be replaced quickly, and on the other hand can be arranged in filter housing 54 rotatably, with no relative motion means of their own, around rotation axis D. Rotational drive system 70 preferably interacts directly with rotary bearings 72 so that filter element 52 does not itself need to comprise any configuration for direct force transfer with rotary drive system 70. Rotary drive system 70 and rotary bearings 72 can comprise mutually meshing gears or tooth structures, the gear of rotary drive system 70 being driven by a motor. That motor can be a hydraulic motor or, preferably, an electric motor.

Thanks to the rotatability of filter elements 52, a different circumferential portion of filter element 52 can always be arranged so that it faces in direction of gravity g, so that gravity consequently assists the detachment and dropping of filter cakes that collect on the dirt side of filter material of filter elements 52 during filtering operation. A circumferential portion of filter element 52 faces in direction of gravity g when a surface normal vector proceeding from the surface of the filter material or from the envelope of the filter material has at least a component proceeding in the direction of gravity.

FIG. 6 is a simplified cross-sectional view through filter element 52 in a section plane orthogonal to rotation axis D. In the example depicted, filter material 74 is a pleated filter material 74 that proceeds around rotation axis D in zigzag fashion between a (by way of example) cylindrical radially outer envelope 74a and a (by way of example) cylindrical radially inner envelope 74b. Merely for explanation: for direction of gravity g shown by way of example in FIG. 6, circumferential portion 75 of filter material 74 faces in direction of gravity g. That side of filter material 74 which faces away from rotation axis D is dirt side DS, on which filter cake forms during filtering operation. The opposite side of filter material 74, facing toward rotation axis D, is clean side CS, onto which air that has been cleaned after passing through filter material 74 flows. Filter material 74 can be any porous material, for example a nonwoven filter or a filter paper.

Filter apparatus 42 comprises a cleaning apparatus 76 for removing filter cake from filter material 74 of filter elements 52. In the example depicted, cleaning apparatus 76 encompasses a pneumatic cleaning sub-apparatus 76a and a mechanical cleaning sub-apparatus 76b.

In the example depicted, pneumatic cleaning sub-apparatus 76a encompasses two compressed-air tanks 78 and a valve arrangement 80 which is pneumatically connected to compressed-air tanks 78 and is embodied to release compressed air from compressed-air tanks 78 in pulsed fashion toward clean side CS of filter material 74 of filter elements 52, so that pressure pulses which increase the air pressure on clean side CS as compared with dirt side DS are exerted on filter material 74. As a result of these pressure pulses, filter cake located on dirt side DS can be detached or in fact ejected from dirt side DS. A deformation of filter material 74, which assists the detachment of filter cake on dirt side DS, can also be brought about by the pressure pulses. A control apparatus 81, which controls the operation of pneumatic cleaning sub-apparatus 76a and of rotary drive system 70, can be received in the housing of valve arrangement 80.

The pressure pulses brought about by pneumatic cleaning sub-apparatus 76a are coordinated, in terms of their duration and/or the interval between two successive pressure pulses, with the rotary motion of filter elements 52 so as to ensure that when a pressure pulse is applied, it is not always the same circumferential portion of filter material 74 which is facing in direction of gravity g. It is thereby possible to ensure that the entire circumference of filter element 52 is affected by the cleaning action during a cleaning procedure.

Alternatively or, as in the exemplifying embodiment depicted, in addition to pneumatic cleaning, a mechanical cleaning sub-apparatus 76b is provided which assists the cleaning of filter material 74 by mechanical stress thereon.

Mechanical cleaning sub-apparatus 76b encompasses a wiper bar 82 that extends along longitudinal axis L or rotation axis D of filter element 52. The wiper bar preferably extends through the radially outer (cylindrical, in the example depicted) envelope 74a toward rotation axis D of filter element 52, as depicted in FIG. 6. Upon rotation of filter element 52 around rotation axis D, the radially outer folds 74c of the pleated filter material then wipe against wiper bar 82, with the result that on the one hand the spacing between two radially outer folds 74c that are directly successive to one another in a circumferential direction becomes temporarily increased, so that filter cake received between those folds can more easily fall out; and on the other hand, after the abutting engagement of wiper bar 82 with a radially outer fold 74c ends, a force that acts on radially outer fold 74c and deforms it in a circumferential direction abruptly ends, so that radially outer fold 74c that was initially deformed in a circumferential direction returns to its original conformation because of its material elasticity, which can have a further filter-cake-loosening effect. Lastly, wiper bar 82 wipes mechanically along at least a portion of filter material 74 and thereby mechanically scrapes filter cake off filter material 74.

In order to reduce stress on the porous, and therefore possibly sensitive, filter material 74, wiper bar 82 has on its side facing toward rotation axis D a plurality of projections 84 that each protrude from a carrier region 82a of wiper bar 82 toward rotation axis D and thus toward filter element 52. Each projection 84 comprises a strut region 84a located closer to carrier region 82a and connected preferably integrally thereto, and a wiper region 84b adjoining strut region 84a toward rotation axis D and connected preferably integrally thereto. Strut region 84a of a projection 84 is embodied to be shorter in a longitudinal direction of wiper bar 82 than wiper region 84b, which projects on both sides beyond strut region 84a preferably in a longitudinal direction of wiper bar 82. Wiper region 84b of each projection 84 thus furnishes a wiping length that is as long as possible, and strut region 84a defines the deformation resistance of projection 84 and thus the maximum load applied by wiper bar 82 onto filter material 74. Wiper bar 82 can thus be manufactured advantageously from stainless steel sheet. All projections 84 are preferably embodied identically.

When filter apparatus 42 is in the operationally ready installed state, filter housing 54 comprises a housing floor 86 which faces toward ejector belt 34 and which is shown in FIG. 5 with dashed lines in a position that is lifted away from the remainder of filter housing 55, i.e. from filter housing 54 not having a housing floor 86. In the usual, non-lifted position, housing floor 86 is concealed by the side wall of filter housing 54.

Housing floor 86 is manufactured from an elastomeric material, for example natural rubber, vulcanized rubber, silicone rubber, etc. Housing floor 86 can be reinforced with inserts, for example fabric or plies, in order to increase the tearing strength of housing floor 86. In the example depicted, the remainder of filter housing 55 is made of sheet metal. That need not be the case, however. Filter housing 54 can comprise more than just one wall made of an elastomeric material.

At its lower end 86a, in the installation situation tilted with respect to direction of gravity g as is evident from FIGS. 1 to 3, housing floor 86 is coupled to an actuator 88 fastened on filter housing 54 or on enclosure 38. Actuator 88 can be a pneumatic or hydraulic actuator and can encompass as an actuation member 90, for example, a piston rod extendable out of and retractable into a cylinder, or can be an electrical or electromagnetic actuator whose actuation member 90 is electrically or electromagnetically displaceable.

Actuation member 90 of actuator 88 is shown with dashed lines in its extended position. With actuation member 90 in this extended position, lower longitudinal end 86a of housing floor 86 is lifted away from the remainder of filter housing 55 so that there is formed between housing floor 86, more precisely its lower longitudinal end 86a, and the remainder of filter housing 55, an outlet opening 92 through which material that has accumulated in filter housing 54, in particular in compartment 54a receiving filter element 52, in the course of operation can be released out of interior space 57 of filter housing 54 toward transport apparatus 26, more precisely toward ejector belt 34. This is, as a rule, material that the extracted air has entrained and that has been filtered out of the air by filter elements 52 and/or has become deposited on the inner walls of filter housing 54. The material can encompass removed substrate material in the form of anything from dust to fragments of densified material.

The removed substrate material usually has a high moisture content, since water is usually sprayed into milling drum housing 22 in order to suppress excessive dust generation and to cool the milling bits. The removed mineral substrate material tends to densify in a moist environment, a property that is in fact exploited in order to immobilize dust by spraying in water. Rock-hard mineral deposits can thereby form on the inner surfaces of the filter housing.

The deformable embodiment of housing floor 86 thanks to the use of elastomeric material has a further advantageous effect: as a result of the deliberate deformability of housing floor 86, substrate material caked onto it can be detached from housing floor 86. The same applies to any other wall of filter housing 54, which can likewise have adhering substrate material removed from it by deformability orthogonally to its wall surface. It is therefore advantageous if further walls of filter housing 54 are constituted from elastomeric material or from thin sheet steel having a comparatively low resistance to bending or flexing.

Deformation of an elastomeric wall of filter housing 54 can be accomplished in simple fashion by means of cleaning apparatus 76, more precisely by means of pneumatic cleaning sub-apparatus 76a. When the latter increases the pressure in interior space 57 of filter housing 54, the deformable walls of filter housing 54 bulge outward, with the result that adhering consolidated mineral layers of removed substrate material flake off and can lie loose, as fragments, in interior space 57 of filter housing 54. The flaked-off fragments can then be discharged through outlet opening 92 onto transport apparatus 26 and transported by it for ejection at delivery location 28. Valve arrangement 80 can increase the pressure in interior space 57 of filter housing 54, in particular in compartment 54a, in simple fashion via pneumatic lines connected thereto.

Valve arrangement 80 can be actuatable from operator's platform 24. Control apparatus 81 can furthermore initiate a cleaning operation of filter housing 54 at predetermined time intervals by corresponding application of control to valve arrangement 80.

Just as pneumatic cleaning sub-apparatus 76a can generate an overpressure in filter housing 54, conveying fan 44 can generate a negative pressure in filter housing 54, since filter housing 54 is located on the intake side of conveying fan 44. By appropriate coordination between the operation of pneumatic cleaning sub-apparatus 76a and that of conveying fan 44, for example by alternating operation of those devices, filter housing 54, and thus its walls, can be exposed to an alternating overpressure/negative-pressure stress that further facilitates a flexing motion of walls of filter housing 54 in order to detach hardened substrate material caked onto them.

Compressed-air tanks 78 can be connected, if applicable likewise via valve arrangement 80, to an onboard compressor that ensures a constant or quasi-constant compressed-air level in compressed-air tanks 78.

Claims

1. A mobile earth working machine, comprising:

a working apparatus configured to remove material from a region of a substrate; and
an extraction device configured to extract dust-laden air generated by the working apparatus from at least one machine region at at least one extraction location, and to exhaust extracted air at a discharge location different from the extraction location, the extraction device including a filter apparatus arranged along an operational flow path from the at least one extraction location to the discharge location, the filter apparatus including: a filter housing including at least one deformable wall; a filter element received in the filter housing, the filter element being configured to remove dust particles from the air flowing through the filter apparatus; and a deformation actuator arrangement configured to interact with and transfer force to the at least one deformable wall of the filter housing such that by actuation of the deformation actuator arrangement the at least one deformable wall of the filter housing is deformable orthogonally to a wall surface of the at least one deformable wall into a flexed deformed state.

2. The mobile earth working machine of claim 1, wherein:

the at least one deformable wall is formed from a material having a lower modulus of elasticity than at least one other wall of the filter housing.

3. The mobile earth working machine of claim 1, wherein:

the at least one deformable wall is formed at least in part from an elastomeric material.

4. The mobile earth working machine of claim 3, wherein:

the elastomeric material comprises vulcanized rubber or silicone rubber.

5. The mobile earth working machine of claim 1, wherein:

the extraction device further includes a conveying fan, the filter element being located on an intake side of the conveying fan.

6. The mobile earth working machine of claim 5, wherein:

the deformation actuator arrangement includes the conveying fan, the conveying fan being configured to function as a deformation actuator.

7. The mobile earth working machine of claim 6, further comprising:

a cleaning apparatus configured to remove from the filter element dust particles collected on the filter element during filtering operation, the cleaning apparatus including a pneumatic apparatus configured to increase an air pressure on a clean side of the filter element above an air pressure existing on a dirt side of the filter element.

8. The mobile earth working machine of claim 7, wherein:

the deformation actuator arrangement includes both the conveying fan and the pneumatic apparatus, the conveying fan and the pneumatic apparatus both being configured to function as deformation actuators, the deformation actuator arrangement being configured for alternatingly increasing and decreasing pressure on an interior space of the filter housing.

9. The mobile earth working machine of claim 1, further comprising:

a cleaning apparatus configured to remove from the filter element dust particles collected on the filter element during filtering operation, the cleaning apparatus including a pneumatic apparatus configured to increase an air pressure on a clean side of the filter element above an air pressure existing on a dirt side of the filter element.

10. The mobile earth working machine of claim 9, wherein:

the deformation actuator arrangement includes the pneumatic apparatus, the pneumatic apparatus being configured to function as a deformation actuator.

11. The mobile earth working machine of claim 1, wherein:

the at least one deformable wall in its flexed deformed state curves out of or into the filter housing.

12. The mobile earth working machine of claim 1, wherein:

the at least one deformable wall forms at least a part of a bottom of the filter housing.

13. The mobile earth working machine of claim 12, wherein:

the at least one deformable wall includes a deformable flap configured such that in a closed position the deformable flap closes the bottom of the filter housing and in an open position one end of the deformable flap remains attached to the bottom of the filter housing and the deformable flap is deformed such that a second end of the deformable flap is displaced below the bottom of the filter housing to provide an opening for removal of accumulated dust particles from the filter housing.

14. A method of cleaning a filter housing of a mobile earth working machine, the mobile earth working machine including:

a working apparatus configured to remove material from a region of a substrate; and
an extraction device configured to extract dust-laden air generated by the working apparatus from at least one machine region at at least one extraction location, and to exhaust extracted air at a discharge location different from the extraction location, the extraction device including a filter apparatus arranged along an operational flow path from the at least one extraction location to the discharge location, the filter apparatus including: a filter housing including at least one deformable wall; a filter element received in the filter housing, the filter element being configured to remove dust particles from the air flowing through the filter apparatus; and a deformation actuator arrangement;
the method comprising steps of:
actuating the deformation actuator arrangement to interact with and transfer force to the at least one deformable wall;
as a result of the actuating step, flexing the at least one deformable wall such that the at least one deformable wall curves out of or into the filter housing; and
wherein the flexing causes accumulated dust particle material to flake off from the at least one deformable wall.

15. The method of claim 14, wherein:

in the actuating step, the deformation actuator arrangement includes a conveying fan located downstream of the filter element, and the actuating step includes decreasing pressure on an interior space of the filter housing using the conveying fan, and thereby flexing the at least one deformable wall such that the at least one deformable wall curves into the filter housing.

16. The method of claim 14, wherein:

in the actuating step, the deformation actuator arrangement includes a pneumatic apparatus configured to increase an air pressure on a clean side of the filter element above an air pressure existing on a dirt side of the filter element, and the actuating step includes increasing pressure on an interior space of the filter housing using the pneumatic apparatus and thereby flexing the at least one deformable wall such that the at least one deformable wall curves out of the filter housing.

17. The method of claim 16, wherein:

the actuating step further includes driving the pneumatic apparatus for percussive delivery of pneumatic pulses to the filter housing.

18. The method of claim 16, wherein:

in the actuating step, the pneumatic apparatus includes a compressed air tank and a valve arrangement configured to release a pulse of compressed air from the compressed air tank, and the actuating step further includes increasing the pressure on the interior space of the filter housing with the pulse of compressed air.

19. The method of claim 18, wherein:

the actuating step further includes repeatedly increasing the pressure on the interior space of the filter housing with a plurality of pulses of compressed air.
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Patent History
Patent number: 11203843
Type: Grant
Filed: Nov 19, 2020
Date of Patent: Dec 21, 2021
Patent Publication Number: 20210164174
Assignee:
Inventor: Stephan Drumm (Vettelschoß)
Primary Examiner: Janine M Kreck
Assistant Examiner: Michael A Goodwin
Application Number: 16/952,289
Classifications
Current U.S. Class: Medium Flexed (210/356)
International Classification: E01C 23/088 (20060101); B01D 46/08 (20060101); E01C 23/12 (20060101); B01D 46/04 (20060101); E21C 35/22 (20060101); B01D 46/10 (20060101); E01C 23/09 (20060101);