Fine-motion virtual-reality or augmented-reality control using radar

- Google

This document describes techniques for fine-motion virtual-reality or augmented-reality control using radar. These techniques enable small motions and displacements to be tracked, even in the millimeter or sub-millimeter scale, for user control actions even when those actions are small, fast, or obscured due to darkness or varying light. Further, these techniques enable fine resolution and real-time control, unlike conventional RF-tracking or optical-tracking techniques.

Skip to: Description  ·  Claims  ·  References Cited  · Patent History  ·  Patent History
Description
RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application is a continuation of U.S. application Ser. No. 16/689,519, filed on Nov. 20, 2019, which is a continuation of U.S. application Ser. No. 15/287,253, filed on Oct. 6, 2016, which is now U.S. Pat. No. 10,540,001, issued on Jan. 21, 2020, which claims priority under 35 U.S.C. § 119(e) to U.S. Provisional Patent Application Ser. No. 62/237,975, filed on Oct. 6, 2015, the disclosures of which are incorporated by reference herein in their entireties.

BACKGROUND

Current virtual reality (VR) and augmented reality (AR) often use visual tracking of large-body movements. Visual tracking uses optical or infrared cameras to track major body motions to control a user's VR or AR environment. These cameras, however, suffer from inadequate spatial resolution and sensitivity to light and darkness.

Some VR and AR systems use hand-held controllers. These controllers, however, do not permit the great breadth of control that is often desired to control a VR/AR world, as they are limited by the number and orientation of buttons or inadequate motion-sensing sensors, such as accelerometers. Further, hand-held controllers often are nearly worthless for VR, as in VR it is desirable to know a user's body and hand orientation within the VR world, which hand-held controllers do not provide.

A partial solution to this problem involves radio-frequency (RF) techniques that track a point on a moving object. These current RF techniques, however, struggle to determine small motions without having large, complex, or expensive radar systems due to the resolution of the radar tracking system being constrained by the hardware of the radar system.

SUMMARY

This document describes techniques for fine-motion virtual-reality or augmented-reality control using radar. These techniques enable small motions and displacements to be tracked, even in the millimeter or sub-millimeter scale, for user control actions even when those actions are small, fast, or obscured due to darkness or varying light. Further, these techniques enable fine resolution and real-time control, unlike conventional RF-tracking or optical-tracking techniques.

This summary is provided to introduce simplified concepts concerning fine-motion virtual-reality or augmented-reality control using radar, which is further described below in the Detailed Description. This summary is not intended to identify essential features of the claimed subject matter, nor is it intended for use in determining the scope of the claimed subject matter.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

Embodiments of techniques and devices for fine-motion virtual-reality or augmented-reality (VR/AR) control using radar are described with reference to the following drawings. The same numbers are used throughout the drawings to reference like features and components:

FIG. 1 illustrates two example cases in which fine-motion VR/AR control using radar can be used, in the first example a user performs an in-the-air movement in a virtual world to alter a virtual VR/AR controller, and in the second example a user acts to select virtual buttons in an augmented-reality environment.

FIG. 2 illustrates an example implementation of the computing devices of FIG. 1 in greater detail, including setting out a radar system and various modules enabling the techniques.

FIG. 3 illustrates a hand acting within a provided radar field, as well as an example radar system and computing device.

FIG. 4 illustrates an example method for fine-motion VR/AR control using radar.

FIG. 5 illustrates a simple example of RF source-wave propagation and a corresponding reflected-wave propagation.

FIG. 6. illustrates an example environment in which multiple antenna are used to receive information about a target object.

FIG. 7 illustrates an example computing system embodying, or in which techniques may be implemented that enable use of, fine-motion VR/AR control using radar.

 DETAILED DESCRIPTION

Overview

Techniques are described herein that enable fine-motion VR/AR control using radar. These techniques enable small motions and displacements to be tracked, even in the millimeter or sub-millimeter scale, for user control actions in the VR/AR world.

Consider, for example, a conventional optical or IR camera-enabled tracking system for VR/AR environments. Users often prefer that control in the VR/AR world be in-the-air, or performed without a need for a physical object to be manipulated. Thus, use of a track pad, game controller, mouse, keyboard, and the like are not preferred, as they interfere with the feel of the VR/AR world. Nothing quite pulls a user out of the VR/AR experience as a real-world controller reminding the user that the experience is simulated. Further, use of a real-world controller, even a simple one, requires that the user have such a controller with them to enable that control. Many users do not wish to carry objects for control, especially in an AR environment—users just want it work as is.

Partial solutions to using physical controllers in the VR/AR control involve in-the-air gestures, but current techniques permit only large-body motions, with little ability to make fine-motion control. Further, current techniques can be sensitive to background movements, lighting variances, occlusions, and differences in types of users or their clothing. These partial solutions fail to permit fine control, and, for the VR world, a user represented by these conventional systems will not show finger orientation, finger movement, clothing movement or detail, as the resolution and these conventional optical or IR cameras is simply insufficient.

Consider, in addition to optical tracking techniques, a conventional RF system for tracking motions and objects. The resolution of these conventional RF systems is constrained by their antenna-beam width and bandwidth, both of which are based on the hardware of the conventional radar system. While somewhat better resolution can be obtained through multiple antennas, this increases complexity and cost while increasing lag-time between an action and that action being shown or its control made to the game or VR/AR world. Even with a dozen antennas, the resolution is inferior to a single antenna using the disclosed techniques.

In contrast to these inferior conventional techniques, consider techniques for fine motion VR/AR control using radar, which overcome hardware limitations of conventional radar systems and conventional in-the-air movement recognition. Consider two examples illustrated in FIG. 1. In the first example, a user 102 is using fine-motion control 104 in a virtual-reality game, shown through VR computing device 106. Here the user 102 is manipulating a VR/AR controller 108. The VR/AR controller 108 is illustrated as the user 102 would see it in the virtual game world provided by looking through a VR display 110 (e.g., googles) of the VR computing device 106. The user's hands 112 are also shown in FIG. 1, though they are shown to the user 102 virtually. Here the user 102 sees his or her fingers turning a small wheel, with the small wheel changing appearance as it is turned. The fine-motion VR/AR techniques show the appearance changes and his or her fingers moving with fine resolution and in real time.

In the second example, a user 114 is using fine-motion control 116 in an augmented-reality environment, shown through AR computing spectacles 118. Here the user 114 is manipulating a VR/AR controller 120. The VR/AR controller 120 is illustrated as the user 114 would see it looking through a viewport 122 of the AR computing spectacles 118. The user's hands 124 are real hands, and thus they are not shown through the viewport 122. Here the user 114 sees his or her real fingers tapping a number pad, with the numbers on the number pad changing color (shown in part) as each is pressed to show that AR environment has correctly received the selections. Assume that the numbers are a phone number, which initiates a phone call through the AR computing spectacles 118, all without needing to touch a real object (many spectacles can make phone calls and include audio output and input, which here is assumed).

This document now turns to an example computing device in which fine-motion VR/AR control using radar can be used, and then follows with an example computing device, an example radio field and occluded portion of a user's hand, a method, example RF wave propagations, and ends with an example computing system.

Example Computing Device

Having generally described example uses of fine motion VR/AR control using radar, now consider FIG. 2, which illustrates an example implementation of the virtual reality computing devices of FIG. 1 in greater detail. Computing device 202 represents any suitable type of computing device in which various embodiments can be implemented. In this example, various devices include, by way of example and not limitation: smart glasses 202-1 and virtual reality googles 202-2. These are merely examples for illustrative purposes—other suitable type of computing device can be utilized without departing from the scope of the claimed subject matter, such as a laptop, smartphone, smart watch, desktop, netbook, or dedicated gaming console with an appropriate associated VR or AR display.

The computing device 202 includes one or more computer processors 204 and computer-readable media 206. Applications 208 and/or an operating system (not shown) embodied as computer-readable instructions on the computer-readable media 206 can be executed by the processors 204 to invoke or interface with some or all of the functionalities described herein, such as through user control and VR/AR Application Programming Interfaces (APIs) 210. These applications 208 may include game applications, augmented reality programs, or virtual reality programs, through other programs may instead by used, such as to control media, web browsing, and so forth.

The user control and VR/AR APIs 210 (APIs 210) provide programming access into various routines and functionality incorporated into VR/AR radar system 212 (radar system 212). In some embodiments, the APIs 210 provide high-level access into the radar system 212 in order to abstract implementation details and/or hardware access from a calling program, request notifications related to identified events, query for results, and so forth. The APIs 210 can also provide low-level access to the radar system 212, where a calling program can control direct or partial hardware configuration of the radar system 212. In some cases, the APIs 210 provide programmatic access to input configuration parameters that configure transmit signals and/or select VR/AR or user-control recognition algorithms. These APIs enable programs, such as the applications 208, to incorporate the functionality provided by the radar system 212 into executable code. For instance, the applications 208 can call or invoke APIs 210 to register for, or request, an event notification when a particular fine-motion user control has been detected, enable or disable wireless gesture recognition in the computing device 202, and so forth. At times, the APIs 210 can access and/or include low-level hardware drivers that interface with hardware implementations of the radar system 212. Alternately or additionally, the APIs 210 can be used to access various algorithms that reside on the radar system 212 to configure algorithms, extract additional information (such as 3D tracking information, angular extent, reflectivity profiles from different aspects, correlations between transforms/features from different channels), change an operating mode of the radar system 212, and so forth.

The radar system 212 is shown separate from the computer-readable media 206, though it may contain computer-readable instructions. Thus, the radar system 212 can be implemented in part as a chip embedded within the computing device 202, such as a System-on-Chip (SoC), one or more Integrated Circuits (ICs), as a processor with embedded processor instructions, or configured to access processor instructions stored in memory, as hardware with embedded firmware, a printed circuit board with various hardware components, or any combination thereof. Here, the radar system 212 includes a radar-emitting element 214, one or more antennas 216, a digital signal processor 218, a machine-learning component 220, and a user-control and VR/AR library 222. In conjunction with fine-motion tracking module 224, VR/AR VR/AR control module 226, and/or user representation module 228 (each described below), the radar system 212 can enable advanced VR/AR control, even for millimeter-scale movements or small object movement (e.g., fingers, lips, tongue).

Generally, the radar-emitting element 214 is configured to provide a radar field. The radar field is configured to at least partially reflect off a target object. The radar field can also be configured to penetrate fabric or other obstructions and reflect from human tissue. These fabrics or obstructions can include wood, glass, plastic, cotton, wool, nylon and similar fibers, and so forth, while reflecting from human tissues, such as a person's hand. The radar field may also reflect from objects, such as a stylus, finger-worn ring, or bracelet.

A radar field can be a small size, such as 1 millimeter to 15 centimeters, moderate, such as 10 centimeters to 1.5 meters, or moderately large, such as 0.5 to 8 meters (or larger). It is to be appreciated that these sizes are merely for discussion purposes, and that any other suitable range can be used. The radar system 212 and modules 224, 226, or 228 can receive and process reflections of the radar field to provide large-body gestures based on reflections from human tissue caused by body, arm, or leg movements, either alone or in conjunction with small motions. Multiple radar fields can be used, or one field that enables determination of both small and large movements as noted below. Example uses of both large and small motion and position detection include determining a position of a user in three dimensions and large movements for the user, such as arm, leg, or a larger object's position or movement. These, along with small movements, such as fingers and the like, can be combined for realistic VR representations of the user or user control actions, like both moving an arm and rubbing two fingers together.

The antennas 216 receive RF signals. These antennas 216 (or a single antenna) can receive various types of reflections, such as a radar signal representing a superposition of reflections of two or more points within the radar field provided by the radar-emitting element 214 of the radar system 212. Often, a point will be obscured or optically occluded. Example occlusions include food, gloves, clothing, books, other electronic devices, and so forth. Furthermore, often one of these points will be visually obscured. A point on an object is visually obscured with the lighting of that point is dark or otherwise difficult to optically capture, such as when the point is dark relative to at least another of the two or more points or to an ambient lighting of objects within the radar field. Consider, for example, the user 102 of FIG. 1, if he or she were in a dark room, or some part of his or her fingers were shaded or obscured, even by other fingers, they could be difficult to capture optically or in RF with some convention RF techniques.

These antennas 216 can be configured as a dipole antenna, a parabolic antenna, a helical antenna, a monopole antenna, and so forth. In some embodiments, the antennas 216 are constructed on-chip (e.g., as part of an SoC), while in other embodiments, the antennas 216 are separate components, metal, hardware, etc. that attach to, or are included within, the radar system 212. The placement, size, and/or shape of the antennas 212 can be chosen to enhance a specific transmission pattern or diversity scheme, such as a pattern or scheme designed to capture information about a fine-gesture performed by a user's hand.

The digital signal processor 218 generally represents digitally capturing and processing a signal. For instance, the digital signal processor 218 samples analog RF signals received by the antennas 216 to generate digital samples that represent the RF signals, and then processes these samples to extract information about the target object. Alternately or additionally, the digital signal processor 218 controls the configuration of signals generated and transmitted by the radar-emitting element 214 and/or antennas 216, such as configuring a plurality of signals to form a specific diversity scheme like a beamforming diversity scheme. In some cases, the digital signal processor 218 receives input configuration parameters that control an RF signal's transmission parameters (e.g., frequency channel, power level), such as through the APIs 210. In turn, the digital signal processor 218 modifies the RF signal based upon the input configuration parameter. At times, the signal processing functions of the digital signal processor 218 are included in a library of signal processing functions or algorithms that are also accessible and/or configurable via the APIs 210. The digital signal processor 218 can be implemented in hardware, software, firmware, or any combination thereof.

Among other things, the machine-learning component 220 receives information processed or extracted by the digital signal processor 218, and uses that information to classify or recognize various aspects of the target object. In some cases, the machine-learning component 220 applies one or more algorithms to probabilistically determine which gesture has occurred given an input signal and previously learned gesture features. As in the case of the digital signal processor 218, the machine-learning component 220 can include a library of multiple machine-learning algorithms, such as a Random Forrest algorithm, deep-learning algorithms (e.g., artificial neural network algorithms, convolutional neural net algorithms), clustering algorithms, Bayesian algorithms, and so forth. The machine-learning component 220 can be trained on how to identify various gestures using input data that consists of example gesture(s) to learn. In turn, the machine-learning component 220 uses the input data to learn what features can be attributed to a specific gesture. These features are then used to identify when the specific gesture occurs. In some embodiments, the APIs 210 can be used to configure the machine-learning component 220 and/or its corresponding algorithms.

The user control and VR library 222 represents data used by the digital signal processor 218, the machine-learning component 220, and/or modules of FIG. 2, to identify a target object and/or user control actions or movements performed by the target object. For instance, the user control and VR library 222 can store signal characteristics, or characteristics about a target object that are discernable from a signal, such as a particular person's fingers. By so doing, these objects can be tracked and also differentiated from other signals, such as those of a person's arm or hand.

In addition, certain data stored in user control and VR library 222 may be altered before it is stored or used, so that personally identifiable information is removed. For example, a user's identity may be treated so that no personally identifiable information can be determined for the user, or a user's geographic location may be generalized where location information is obtained (such as to a city, postal code, or state/province level), so that a particular location of a user cannot be determined. Thus, the user may have control over what information is collected about the user, how that information is used, and what information is provided to the user.

Generally, the fine-motion tracking module 224 is configured to track one or more points within a radar field effective to track user actions. These actions can be with a virtual object, such as a VR/AR controller. As noted, these tracked user actions include fine-motions in a millimeter or sub-millimeter range. To do so, the fine-motion tracking module 224 may determine displacement or velocity of a point, or a relative displacement or velocity between points, determined from a radar signal representing reflections of one or more points within the radar field. In the case of a single point, the fine-motion tracking module 224 is configured to differentiate the point from other points, and then, based on an energy and velocity of the part of the signal associated with the point, determine a velocity of the point and a displacement if desired. In the case of multiple points, the fine-motion tracking module 224 is configured to determine a relative displacement or velocity between a first and second point of the multiple points. At least one of these points is associated with a user, though another point can be something touched by the user, such as a stylus, or relative to the user, such as an object near or worn by the user. The fine-motion tracking module 224 is able to spatially resolve the first and second points to provide at least a relative velocity or displacement of the points relative to each other or some third point, even if one of those points is obscured or occluded. As noted in part above, the resolving can be at a resolution finer than a wavelength of the radar field provided by the radar system. Thus, as the wavelength is a constraint of the hardware of the system, the techniques described herein overcome that hardware constraint.

In more detail, the fine-motion tracking module 224 may determine a relative displacement by measuring a radial distance for each of the first and second points using a time delay between transmittal of the radar field and receiving the radar signal, measuring a radial velocity through an observed Doppler frequency for each of the first and second points, and measuring a reflected energy for each of the first and second points. This may be performed instead or in conjunction by components of the radar system 212 as well. Assume, for example, that the radar signal includes two sets of data, each set of data from one of two radar emitter-antenna pairs. In such a case, measuring the radial velocity can be through a range-Doppler map for one of the first or second points, per set of data. Also, this relative displacement can be calculated over a time series effective to track the first and second points over multiple relative displacements over time.

The fine-motion tracking module 224 may also, prior to determining the displacement, distinguish the point or points. In some cases this is performed by tracking temporal changes in the radar signal. This distinguishing can be performed by determine a micro-Doppler centroid for each point of interest, respectively. Thus, distinguishing points can be based on one of the first or second point having a different characteristic to a signal associated with the one of the first or second points than another signal associated with another of the first or second points.

In the case of occlusions, the fine-motion tracking module 224 can distinguish points prior to one of the points being optically occluded by tracking the points over time and then determining that one of the points is optically occluded based on an alteration of a characteristic of a signal associated with the optically occluded point. With this alteration known, further distinguishing and tracking can be performed based on the altered characteristic of the signal associated the occluded point. And, when the point that is occluded ceases to be occluded this change to the signal can also be noted, and back and forth. Thus, fingers performing an in-the-air action can be tracked prior to occlusion, then when one finger is occluded by another finger or some object, the controller can track that point as an occluded point based on the altered signal. When that finger is no longer occluded by the other finger or object, the finger is tracked with the alteration no longer preset.

Consider, for example, FIG. 3, which illustrates a user's hand 302 (shown in side view 302-1 and bottom view 302-2), an index finger 304, and a middle finger 306. Note that points are reflected in the radar field, and thus the superposition of reflections includes wrist, thumb, finger, palm, and fingertips. This example shows that a portion of a user can be occluded (occluded portion 308) and still tracked, though sometimes no part is occluded. This example also shows an antenna 310 of radar system 312, shown as a peripheral of a computing device 314. The techniques, here through the fine-motion tracking module 224 of FIG. 2, can track any of the parts of the user's hand, even those that are small in size and tracked even to millimeter or sub-millimeter resolutions. Other aspects of FIG. 3 are described in the context of methods discussed below.

Returning to FIG. 2, generally, the VR/AR control module 226 is configured to enable, at least visually, fine-motion control of a VR/AR world using the tracked fine motions of the fine-motion tracking module 224. Thus, while the VR/AR control module 226 may present an object or other control visually for a user to interact with, and even be reactive to the user control, the VR/AR control module 226 does not necessarily cause the control of the VR or AR world. Instead, any of the modules of FIG. 2 may act to cause the control, either through passing the tracking information via APIs or otherwise. In more detail, the VR/AR control module 226 presents a VR/AR controller within a virtual world or augmented-reality viewport and alters an orientation of the VR/AR controller in real time and with fine-motion appearance changes. Returning to FIG. 1, the controller may present the wheel or number pad, and show a user's interactions with it (if VR) or its changes (both VR and AR).

Any of the modules may pass a control input caused by the user action. In some cases this is responsive to the VR/AR controller being moved or altered to a control orientation. Examples include turning a wheel just enough to turn a virtual reality car or a small wheel enough move down a volume on a real-world stereo from 14 volume units to 13 volume units (e.g., see FIG. 1). In other cases it is a binary control orientation, such as pressing a virtual button (e.g., see FIG. 1).

The action that causes the alteration to the VR/AR control can be many different types and sizes, from fine motion, millimeter-scale control of a level or button or wheel, a partially-occluded in-the-air gesture of a hand and fingers, a user slashing with a virtual sword, or even jumping or dodging to avoid a VR game-world snare. The VR/AR control module 226, in some cases, recognizes movements that are previously cataloged or simply determine the motion and pass the motion in a format usable by one of the applications 208 through the APIs 210. A fine motion of sliding a small virtual slider or a large of putting up a virtual shield up to deflect a virtual blow need not be cataloged or a previously known gesture or action. Some actions and movements, however, are known and, in such cases, the VR/AR library 222 is used to determine the particular command or action desired by the movement. Thus, the user control need not be a particular gesture, but may instead by a movement, e.g., that the user 102 has turned a virtual flight simulator control some number of degrees in a direction and then pulled the control toward himself or herself five millimeter for a slight turn and thrust of the virtual plane.

Generally, the user representation module 228 is configured to present, in the virtual world, a portion of a user performing the user actions interacting with the VR/AR controller. This not only allows for fine motions and accurate displacements of a user's actions, but also permits the user to see his or her actions as they change the VR/AR controller, providing valuable feedback. The user representation module 228 may also determine a user's representation based on a displacement or relative displacement of points associated with the user, which may include data that is solely in the millimeter scale but may also include data that is of a larger scale, whether provided by the radar system or other sensing system. Thus, the user representation module 228 may determine fine motions based on displacement or motion from the fine-motion tracking module 224, but may also, from the radar system or even an optical or IR camera, receiving data indicating a user's stance, position, or large motions.

In more detail, the user representation module 228 is configured to determine a location in three dimensions, or relative to a user, for one or more points based on a displacement or relative displacement between points. All of the user's positions of each part of the user can be with fine motion and displacement. In some cases, however, data from another entity that indicates a position of the user may be used. Thus, assume that the user representation module 228 knows a user's general body location of feet, legs, arms, and centroid of a hand (but not detail of the hand) from a lower-resolution system, such as conventional RF techniques. Based on this, the user representation module 228 may place the fingers for the hand based on the fine displacement from the described advanced radar techniques, and well as their fine, real-time movement for the hand With this, the game or VR world is given sufficient information to accurately place the user and the user's fine motions in the game or VR world.

The computing device 202 may also include one or more network interfaces 230 for communicating data over wired, wireless, or optical networks and a display 232. The network interface 230 may communicate data over a local-area-network (LAN), a wireless local-area-network (WLAN), a personal-area-network (PAN), a wide-area-network (WAN), an intranet, the Internet, a peer-to-peer network, point-to-point network, a mesh network, and the like. The display 232 can be integral with the computing device 202 or associated with it, such as with the desktop computer 202-6.

Having described the computing device 202 in accordance with one or more embodiments, now consider example methods for fine motion VR/AR control using radar.

Example Method

FIG. 4 depicts a method 400 for fine-motion VR/AR control using radar. This method is shown as sets of blocks that specify operations performed but are not necessarily limited to the order or combinations shown for performing the operations by the respective blocks. In portions of the following discussion reference may be made to FIGS. 1-3 and 5-7, reference to which is made for example only. The techniques are not limited to performance by one entity or multiple entities operating on one device, or those described in these figures.

At 402, a radar field is provided, such as shown in FIG. 3 at radar field 316 and FIG. 5. The radar field can be provided by a simple radar system, including existing WiFi radar, and need not use complex, multi-emitter or multi-antenna, or narrow-beam scanning radars. Instead, a broad beam, full contiguous radar field can be used, such as 57-64 or 59-61 GHz, though other frequency bands, even sounds waves, can be used.

At 404, a VR/AR controller is presented within a virtual world or an augmented-reality viewport. This controller can be shown in three or two dimensions, as in some cases a sheet-like two dimensional control can be valuable, such as when various layers of control are desired (e.g., stacked layers of controls). This can be presented prior to, or after receiving some input or movement from a user, such as an in-the-air gesture to select a virtual keyboard or other type of controller be virtually presented.

At 406, user actions interacting with the VR/AR controller are tracked. These tracked interactions can include fine-motions in a millimeter or sub-millimeter range, though larger motions and displacements can also be tracked. Tracking user actions can be performed in one or more of the many examples provided above. Thus, a radar signal representing a superposition of reflections of points of a user's hand, etc., within the radar field is received. Examples of this are shown in FIG. 3 and FIG. 6.

At 408, an orientation of the VR/AR controller is altered responsive to and corresponding to the tracked user actions. This orientation change can be in many degrees of freedom, from various lateral movements, twists, turns, and so forth, with both velocity and displacement shown. These alterations can be in real time and with fine-motion appearance changes, such as changes in the millimeter or sub-millimeter range. Thus, if a user moves his hand five millimeters right while holding a virtual staff, the VR/AR controller is shown moving that virtual staff five millimeters, and in real time. By so doing, the VR/AR world looks and behaves like the real world.

Optionally, at 410, a user is represented and his or her movements are shown. This is not required in the AR world, though in the VR world this representation makes the virtual world appear more real and responsive. Thus, the VR/AR control module 226 can present the VR/AR controller within the VR world while showing a portion of a user performing the user actions interacting with the VR/AR controller, such as the user's body, hands, and fingers. The representation can be shown in contact with the VR/AR controller, such as is shown in FIG. 1.

At 412, responsive to the altered orientation of the VR/AR controller corresponding to a control orientation, a control input corresponding to the control orientation is passed to an application or entity. This pass of the control input is effective to control the virtual world, the augmented-reality world, or an application or device external to the virtual world or the augment-reality world. Thus, it turns down a real-world stereo, drives a real-world car, or controls a VR or AR game. In some cases this passing is instead simple control of the entity, application, or VR/AR environment.

Through operations of method 400 and as noted above, relative dynamics are extracted from the radar signal representing the superposition of the reflections of multiple points within the radar field. These relative dynamics indicate a displacement of points relative one to another, from which fine-motions and larger movements can be determined, though a single point can also be tracked. As noted above, in some cases extracting relative dynamics from the superposition determines micro-Doppler centroids for the points. These micro-Doppler centroids enable computationally light super-resolution velocity estimates to be determined. Thus, the computational resources needed are relatively low compared to conventional radar techniques, further enabling use of these RF-based fine-motion techniques in small or resource-limited devices, such as some wearable devices and appliances. Not only can these techniques be used on resource-limited devices, but the computationally light determination can permit faster response to a user action, such as in real time as a small, fine motion to move a VR/AR controller.

Further, the RF-based fine-motion techniques, by using micro-Doppler centroids, permits greater robustness to noise and clutter than use of Doppler profile peaks. To increase resolution, the fine-motion tracking module 224 may use the phase change of the radar signal to extract millimeter and sub-millimeter displacements for high-frequency movements of the points.

Example RF Signal Propagation

Having discussed example apparatuses and methods for fine-motion VR/AR control using radar, the discussion now turns to example manners in which RF radar can be used. Consider FIG. 5, which illustrates a simple example of RF source-wave propagation, and a corresponding reflected-wave propagation. The following discussion has been simplified, and is not intended to describe all technical aspects of RF source-wave propagation, reflected-wave propagation, or user actions and representations.

Environment 500 includes a source device 502 and an object 504. The source device 502 includes an emitter/receive antenna 506, which generally represents functionality configured to transmit and receive electromagnetic waves in the form of an RF signal. The emitter/receiver antenna 506 can be coupled to a source, such as a radar-emitting element (e.g., the radar-emitting element 214), to achieve transmission of a signal. In this example, the source device 502 transmits a series of RF pulses, illustrated here as the RF pulse 508-1, the RF pulse 508-2, and the RF pulse 508-3. As indicated by their ordering and distance from the source device 502, the RF pulse 508-3 is transmitted first in time, followed by the RF pulse 508-2, and then the RF pulse 508-1. For discussion purposes, these RF pulses have the same pulse width, power level, and transmission periodicity between pulses, but another suitable type of signal with alternate configurations can be transmitted without departing from the scope of the claimed subject matter.

Generally speaking, electromagnetic waves can be characterized by the frequency or wavelength of their corresponding oscillations. Being a form of electromagnetic radiation, RF signals adhere to various wave and particle properties, such as reflection. When an RF signal reaches an object, it will undergo some form of transition. Specifically, there will be some reflection off the object. The environment 500 also illustrates the reflection of RF pulses 508-1, 2, and 3 reflecting off of the object 504, where an RF pulse 510-1 corresponds to a reflection originating from the RF pulse 508-1 reflecting off of the object 504, the RF pulse 510-2 corresponds to a reflection originating from the RF pulse 508-2, and so forth. In this simple case, the source device 502 and the object 504 are stationary, and the RF pulses 508-1, 2, and 3 are transmitted via a single antenna (the antenna 506) over a same RF channel, and are transmitted directly towards the object 504 with a perpendicular impact angle. Similarly, the RF pulses 510-1, 2, and 3 are shown as reflecting directly back to the source device 502, rather than with some angular deviation. However, as one skilled in the art will appreciate, these signals can alternately be transmitted or reflected with variations in their transmission and reflection directions based upon the configuration of the source device 502, the object 504, transmission parameters, variations in real-world factors, and so forth. Upon receiving and capturing the RF pulses 510-1, 2, and 3, the source device 502 can then analyze the pulses, either individually or in combination, to identify characteristics related to the object 504. For example, the source device 502 can analyze all of the received RF pulses to obtain temporal information and/or spatial information about the object 504. Accordingly, the source device 502 can use knowledge about a transmission signal's configuration (such as pulse widths, spacing between pulses, pulse power levels, phase relationships, and so forth), and further analyze a reflected RF pulse to identify various characteristics about the object 504, such as size, shape, movement speed, movement direction, surface smoothness, material composition, and so forth.

Now consider FIG. 6, which builds upon the above discussion of FIG. 5. FIG. 6 illustrates example environment 600 in which multiple antenna are used to ascertain information about a target object. The environment 600 includes the source device 602 and a target object, shown here as hand 604. Generally speaking, the source device 602 includes antennas 606 to transmit and receive multiple RF signals. In some embodiments, the source device 602 includes the radar system 212 and modules of FIG. 2. The antennas 606 correspond to the antennas 216. While the source device 602 in this example includes four antennas, other suitable number of antennas can be used. Each antenna of the antennas 606 is used by the source device 602 to transmit a respective RF signal (e.g., antenna 606-1 transmits RF signal 608-1, antenna 606-2 transmits RF signal 608-2, and so forth). As discussed above, these RF signals can be configured to form a specific transmission pattern or diversity scheme when transmitted together. For example, the configuration of the RF signals 608, as well as the placement of the antennas 606 relative to a target object, can be based upon beamforming techniques to produce constructive interference or destructive interference patterns, or alternately configured to support triangulation techniques. At times, the source device 602 configures the RF signals 608 based upon an expected information extraction algorithm, as further described below.

When the RF signals 608 reach the hand 604, they generate reflected RF signals 610. Similar to the discussion of FIG. 5 above, the source device 602 captures these reflected RF signals, and then analyzes them to identify various properties or characteristics of the hand 604, such as a millimeter-scale movement. For instance, in this example, the RF signals 608 are illustrated with the bursts of the respective signals being transmitted synchronously in time. In turn, and based upon the shape and positioning of the hand 604, the reflected signals 610 return to the source device 602 at different points in time (e.g., the reflected signal 610-2 is received first, followed by the reflected signal 610-3, then the reflected signal 610-1, and then the reflected signal 610-4). The reflected signals 610 can be received by the source device 602 in any suitable manner. For example, the antennas 606 can each receive all of the reflected signals 610, or receive varying subset combinations of the reflected signals 610 (e.g., the antenna 606-1 receives the reflected signal 610-1 and the reflected signal 610-4, the antenna 606-2 receives the reflected signal 610-1, the reflected signal 610-2, and the reflected signal 610-3, etc.).

Thus, each antenna can receive reflected signals generated by transmissions from another antenna. By analyzing the various return times of each reflected signal, the source device 602 can determine shape and corresponding distance information associated with the hand 604. When reflected pulses are analyzed over time, the source device 602 can additionally discern movement. Thus, by analyzing various properties of the reflected signals, as well as the transmitted signals, various information about the hand 604 can be extracted, as further described below. It is to be appreciated that the above example has been simplified for discussion purposes, and is not intended to be limiting.

As in the case of FIG. 5, FIG. 6 illustrates the RF signals 608 as propagating at a 90° angle from the source device 602 and in phase with one another. Similarly, the reflected signals 610 each propagate back at a 90° angle from the hand 604 and, as in the case of the RF signals 608, are in phase with one another. However, as one skilled in the art will appreciate, more-complex transmission signal configurations, and signal analysis on the reflected signals, can be utilized, examples of which are provided above and below. In some embodiments, the RF signals 608 can each be configured with different directional transmission angles, signal phases, power levels, modulation schemes, RF transmission channels, and so forth. These differences result in variations between the reflected signals 610. In turn, these variations each provide different perspectives of the target object which can be combined using data fusion techniques to yield a better estimate of the hand 604, how it is moving, its three-dimensional (3D) spatial profile, a corresponding user action, and so forth.

Example Computing System

FIG. 7 illustrates various components of an example computing system 700 that can be implemented as any type of client, server, and/or computing device as described with reference to the previous FIGS. 1-6 to implement fine-motion VR/AR control using radar.

The computing system 700 includes communication devices 702 that enable wired and/or wireless communication of device data 704 (e.g., received data, data that is being received, data scheduled for broadcast, data packets of the data, etc.). Device data 704 or other device content can include configuration settings of the device, media content stored on the device, and/or information associated with a user of the device (e.g., an identity of an actor performing an action). Media content stored on the computing system 700 can include any type of audio, video, and/or image data. The computing system 700 includes one or more data inputs 706 via which any type of data, media content, and/or inputs can be received, such as human utterances, interactions with a radar field, user-selectable inputs (explicit or implicit), messages, music, television media content, recorded video content, and any other type of audio, video, and/or image data received from any content and/or data source.

The computing system 700 also includes communication interfaces 708, which can be implemented as any one or more of a serial and/or parallel interface, a wireless interface, any type of network interface, a modem, and as any other type of communication interface. Communication interfaces 708 provide a connection and/or communication links between the computing system 700 and a communication network by which other electronic, computing, and communication devices communicate data with the computing system 700.

The computing system 700 includes one or more processors 710 (e.g., any of microprocessors, controllers, and the like), which process various computer-executable instructions to control the operation of the computing system 700 and to enable techniques for, or in which can be embodied, fine-motion VR/AR control using radar. Alternatively or in addition, the computing system 700 can be implemented with any one or combination of hardware, firmware, or fixed logic circuitry that is implemented in connection with processing and control circuits, which are generally identified at 712. Although not shown, the computing system 700 can include a system bus or data transfer system that couples the various components within the device. A system bus can include any one or combination of different bus structures, such as a memory bus or memory controller, a peripheral bus, a universal serial bus, and/or a processor or local bus that utilizes any of a variety of bus architectures.

The computing system 700 also includes computer-readable media 714, such as one or more memory devices that enable persistent and/or non-transitory data storage (in contrast to mere signal transmission), examples of which include random access memory (RAM), non-volatile memory (e.g., any one or more of a read-only memory (ROM), flash memory, EPROM, EEPROM), and a disk storage device. A disk storage device may be implemented as any type of magnetic or optical storage device, such as a hard disk drive, a recordable and/or rewriteable compact disc (CD), any type of a digital versatile disc (DVD), and the like. The computing system 700 can also include a mass storage media device (storage media) 716 and the user control and VR radar system 212 and its various components.

The computer-readable media 714 provides data storage mechanisms to store the device data 704, as well as various device applications 718 and any other types of information and/or data related to operational aspects of the computing system 700. For example, an operating system 720 can be maintained as a computer application with the computer-readable media 714 and executed on the processors 710. The device applications 718 may include a device manager, such as any form of a control application, software application, signal-processing and control module, code that is native to a particular device, an abstraction module or gesture module and so on. The device applications 718 also include system components, engines, or managers to implement fine-motion VR/AR control using radar, such as the fine-motion tracking module 224, the VR/AR control module 226, and the user representation module 228.

The computing system 700 may also include, or have access to, one or more of radar systems, such as the radar system 212 having the radar-emitting element 214 and the antennas 216. While not shown, one or more components of the fine-motion tracking module 224, the VR/AR control module 226, or the user representation module 228 may be operated, in whole or in part, through hardware or firmware.

CONCLUSION

Although techniques using, and apparatuses including, fine-motion virtual-reality or augmented-reality control using radar have been described in language specific to features and/or methods, it is to be understood that the subject of the appended claims is not necessarily limited to the specific features or methods described. Rather, the specific features and methods are disclosed as example implementations of ways in which to determine fine-motion virtual-reality or augmented-reality control using radar.

Claims

1. A system comprising:

at least one processor; and
computer-readable storage media comprising instructions that, when executed by the at least one processor, cause the system to: cause a display to present a virtual-reality (VR) or augmented-reality (AR) object within a VR world or an AR viewport; track a user interaction with the VR/AR object over time, the tracking comprising: causing a radar system to transmit a radar field over time; receiving, from the radar system, a radar signal representing a superposition of reflections of the radar field off two or more spatially separated points of a hand of a user that performs the user interaction over time; determining, based on the received radar signal, relative velocities between the spatially separated points of the hand over time; determining, based on the relative velocities, movement of the hand of the user over time; and determining, based on the received radar signal, locations of the hand of the user over time, the tracking based on the movement and the locations of the hand of the user over time; and cause the display to change the presentation of the VR/AR object in real time according to the user interaction.

2. The system of claim 1, further comprising the display.

3. The system of claim 1, further comprising the radar system.

4. The system of claim 3, wherein the radar system is configured to transmit the radar field and receive the radar signal through fabric.

5. The system of claim 4, wherein the system is configured to be disposed in a pocket or bag of a user performing the user interaction.

6. The system of claim 3, further comprising the display.

7. The system of claim 6, wherein the system is comprised by smart glasses or VR goggles.

8. The system of claim 6, wherein the system is comprised by a smartphone.

9. The system of claim 1, wherein:

the VR/AR object comprises a number pad or virtual keyboard; and
the user interaction is a button press on the number pad or the virtual keyboard.

10. The system of claim 1, wherein:

the VR/AR object is a button, knob, or slider; and
the user interaction is a press of the button, a turn of the knob, or a movement of the slider.

11. The system of claim 1, wherein:

the VR/AR object is a steering wheel; and
the user interaction is a turn of the steering wheel.

12. The system of claim 1, wherein the user interaction is a selection corresponding to the VR/AR object.

13. The system of claim 1, wherein:

the causing of the display to present the VR/AR object comprises causing the display to present the VR/AR object superimposed on a real-world object;
the user interaction corresponds to the real-world object; and
the causing of the display to change the presentation of the VR/AR object comprises causing the display to change the presentation of the VR/AR object according to the user interaction with the real-world object.

14. The system of claim 1, wherein the causing of the display to change the presentation of the VR/AR object comprises causing the display to present a visual indication of the user interaction with the VR/AR object.

15. The system of claim 14, wherein the causing of the display to present the visual indication comprises causing the display to alter an appearance of the VR/AR object.

16. The system of claim 15, wherein the causing of the display to alter the appearance comprises causing the display to change a color of a portion of the VR/AR object.

17. The system of claim 1, wherein:

the radar signal further represents reflections of the radar field off another spatially separated point over time; and
the tracking of the user interaction is further based on the reflections of the radar field off the other spatially separated point.

18. The system of claim 17, wherein the other spatially separated point is not on the hand of the user.

19. The system of claim 1, wherein the spatially separated points are on respective fingers of the hand of the user.

20. The system of claim 19, wherein the movement comprises a first finger crossing a second finger.

21. The system of claim 1, wherein at least one of the spatially separated points is visually obscured from the system.

22. The system of claim 21, wherein at least one of the spatially separated points is visually obscured by another of the spatially separated points.

23. The system of claim 1, wherein the tracking of the user interaction is on a millimeter or sub-millimeter scale.

24. The system of claim 1, wherein the instructions further cause the system to pass a control input corresponding to the user interaction effective to control the VR world, the AR viewport, or an application or device external to the VR world or the AR viewport.

25. The system of claim 1, wherein the VR/AR object comprises a virtual controller.

26. A system comprising:

at least one processor; and
computer-readable storage media comprising instructions that, when executed by the at least one processor, cause the system to: cause a display to present a virtual-reality (VR) or augmented-reality (AR) object within a VR world or an AR viewport; track a user interaction with the VR/AR object over time, the tracking comprising: causing a radar system to transmit a radar field over time; receiving, from the radar system, a radar signal representing a superposition of reflections of the radar field off two or more spatially separated points of a portion of a user that performs the user interaction over time; distinguishing the reflections of the spatially separated points by determining respective Doppler centroids within the radar signal for the spatially separated points; spatially resolving, based on the respective Doppler centroids, the spatially separated points over time; and determining, based on the spatially resolving, locations and movement of the portion of the user over time, the tracking based on the determined locations and movement of the portion of the user over time; and cause the display to change the presentation of the VR/AR object in real time according to the user interaction.

27. The system of claim 26, further comprising the display.

28. The system of claim 26, further comprising the radar system.

29. The system of claim 28, wherein the radar system is configured to transmit the radar field and receive the radar signal through fabric.

30. The system of claim 29, wherein the system is configured to be disposed in a pocket or bag of a user performing the user interaction.

31. The system of claim 28, further comprising the display.

32. The system of claim 31, wherein the system is comprised by smart glasses or VR goggles.

33. The system of claim 31, wherein the system is comprised by a smartphone.

34. The system of claim 26, wherein:

the VR/AR object comprises a number pad or virtual keyboard; and
the user interaction is a button press on the number pad or the virtual keyboard.

35. The system of claim 26, wherein:

the VR/AR object is a button, knob, or slider; and
the user interaction is a press of the button, a turn of the knob, or a movement of the slider.

36. The system of claim 26, wherein:

the VR/AR object is a steering wheel; and
the user interaction is a turn of the steering wheel.

37. The system of claim 26, wherein the user interaction is a selection corresponding to the VR/AR object.

38. The system of claim 26, wherein:

the causing of the display to present the VR/AR object comprises causing the display to present the VR/AR object superimposed on a real-world object;
the user interaction corresponds to the real-world object; and
the causing of the display to change the presentation of the VR/AR object comprises causing the display to change the presentation of the VR/AR object according to the user interaction with the real-world object.

39. The system of claim 26, wherein the causing of the display to change the presentation of the VR/AR object comprises causing the display to present a visual indication of the user interaction with the VR/AR object.

40. The system of claim 39, wherein the causing of the display to present the visual indication comprises causing the display to alter an appearance of the VR/AR object.

41. The system of claim 40, wherein the causing of the display to alter the appearance comprises causing the display to change a color of a portion of the VR/AR object.

42. The system of claim 26, wherein:

the radar signal further represents reflections of the radar field off another spatially separated point over time; and
the tracking of the user interaction is further based on the reflections of the radar field off the other spatially separated point.

43. The system of claim 42, wherein the other spatially separated point is not on the portion of the user.

44. The system of claim 26, wherein the spatially separated points are on respective fingers of a hand of the user.

45. The system of claim 44, wherein the movement comprises a first finger crossing a second finger.

46. The system of claim 26, wherein at least one of the spatially separated points is visually obscured from the system.

47. The system of claim 46, wherein at least one of the spatially separated points is visually obscured by another of the spatially separated points.

48. The system of claim 26, wherein the tracking of the user interaction is on a millimeter or sub-millimeter scale.

49. The system of claim 26, wherein the instructions further cause the system to pass a control input corresponding to the user interaction effective to control the VR world, the AR viewport, or an application or device external to the VR world or the AR viewport.

50. The system of claim 26, wherein the VR/AR object comprises a virtual controller.

Referenced Cited
U.S. Patent Documents
3570312 March 1971 Kreith
3610874 October 1971 Gagliano
3752017 August 1973 Lloyd et al.
3953706 April 27, 1976 Harris et al.
4104012 August 1, 1978 Ferrante
4321930 March 30, 1982 Jobsis et al.
4654967 April 7, 1987 Thenner
4700044 October 13, 1987 Hokanson et al.
4795998 January 3, 1989 Dunbar et al.
4838797 June 13, 1989 Dodier
5016500 May 21, 1991 Conrad et al.
5024533 June 18, 1991 Egawa et al.
5121124 June 9, 1992 Spivey et al.
5298715 March 29, 1994 Chalco et al.
5309916 May 10, 1994 Hatschek
5341979 August 30, 1994 Gupta
5410471 April 25, 1995 Alyfuku et al.
5468917 November 21, 1995 Brodsky et al.
5564571 October 15, 1996 Zanotti
5656798 August 12, 1997 Kubo et al.
5724707 March 10, 1998 Kirk et al.
5798798 August 25, 1998 Rector et al.
6032450 March 7, 2000 Blum
6037893 March 14, 2000 Lipman
6080690 June 27, 2000 Lebby et al.
6101431 August 8, 2000 Niwa et al.
6129673 October 10, 2000 Fraden
6179785 January 30, 2001 Martinosky et al.
6210771 April 3, 2001 Post et al.
6254544 July 3, 2001 Hayashi
6303924 October 16, 2001 Adan et al.
6313825 November 6, 2001 Gilbert
6340979 January 22, 2002 Beaton et al.
6380882 April 30, 2002 Hegnauer
6386757 May 14, 2002 Konno
6440593 August 27, 2002 Ellison et al.
6492980 December 10, 2002 Sandbach
6493933 December 17, 2002 Post et al.
6513833 February 4, 2003 Breed et al.
6513970 February 4, 2003 Tabata et al.
6524239 February 25, 2003 Reed et al.
6543668 April 8, 2003 Fujii et al.
6616613 September 9, 2003 Goodman
6711354 March 23, 2004 Kameyama
6717065 April 6, 2004 Hosaka et al.
6802720 October 12, 2004 Weiss et al.
6805672 October 19, 2004 Martin et al.
6833807 December 21, 2004 Flacke et al.
6835898 December 28, 2004 Eldridge et al.
6854985 February 15, 2005 Weiss
6929484 August 16, 2005 Weiss et al.
6970128 November 29, 2005 Dwelly et al.
6997882 February 14, 2006 Parker et al.
7019682 March 28, 2006 Louberg et al.
7134879 November 14, 2006 Sugimoto et al.
7158076 January 2, 2007 Fiore et al.
7164820 January 16, 2007 Eves et al.
7194371 March 20, 2007 McBride et al.
7205932 April 17, 2007 Fiore
7209775 April 24, 2007 Bae et al.
7223105 May 29, 2007 Weiss et al.
7230610 June 12, 2007 Jung et al.
7249954 July 31, 2007 Weiss
7266532 September 4, 2007 Sutton et al.
7299964 November 27, 2007 Jayaraman et al.
7310236 December 18, 2007 Takahashi et al.
7317416 January 8, 2008 Flom et al.
7348285 March 25, 2008 Dhawan et al.
7365031 April 29, 2008 Swallow et al.
7421061 September 2, 2008 Boese et al.
7462035 December 9, 2008 Lee et al.
7528082 May 5, 2009 Krans et al.
7544627 June 9, 2009 Tao et al.
7578195 August 25, 2009 DeAngelis et al.
7644488 January 12, 2010 Aisenbrey
7647093 January 12, 2010 Bojovic et al.
7670144 March 2, 2010 Ito et al.
7677729 March 16, 2010 Vilser et al.
7691067 April 6, 2010 Westbrook et al.
7698154 April 13, 2010 Marchosky
7750841 July 6, 2010 Oswald et al.
7791700 September 7, 2010 Bellamy
7834276 November 16, 2010 Chou et al.
7845023 December 7, 2010 Swatee
7941676 May 10, 2011 Glaser
7952512 May 31, 2011 Delker et al.
7999722 August 16, 2011 Beeri et al.
8062220 November 22, 2011 Kurtz et al.
8063815 November 22, 2011 Valo et al.
8169404 May 1, 2012 Boillot
8179604 May 15, 2012 Prada Gomez et al.
8193929 June 5, 2012 Siu et al.
8199104 June 12, 2012 Park et al.
8282232 October 9, 2012 Hsu et al.
8289185 October 16, 2012 Alonso
8301232 October 30, 2012 Albert et al.
8314732 November 20, 2012 Oswald et al.
8326313 December 4, 2012 McHenry et al.
8334226 December 18, 2012 Nhan et al.
8341762 January 1, 2013 Balzano
8344949 January 1, 2013 Moshfeghi
8367942 February 5, 2013 Howell et al.
8374668 February 12, 2013 Hayter et al.
8475367 July 2, 2013 Yuen et al.
8505474 August 13, 2013 Kang et al.
8509882 August 13, 2013 Albert et al.
8514221 August 20, 2013 King et al.
8527146 September 3, 2013 Jackson et al.
8549829 October 8, 2013 Song et al.
8560972 October 15, 2013 Wilson
8562526 October 22, 2013 Heneghan et al.
8569189 October 29, 2013 Bhattacharya et al.
8576110 November 5, 2013 Valentine
8614689 December 24, 2013 Nishikawa et al.
8655004 February 18, 2014 Prest et al.
8700137 April 15, 2014 Albert
8758020 June 24, 2014 Burdea et al.
8759713 June 24, 2014 Sheats
8764651 July 1, 2014 Tran
8785778 July 22, 2014 Streeter et al.
8790257 July 29, 2014 Libbus et al.
8814574 August 26, 2014 Selby et al.
8819812 August 26, 2014 Weber et al.
8854433 October 7, 2014 Rafii
8860602 October 14, 2014 Nohara et al.
8921473 December 30, 2014 Hyman
8926509 January 6, 2015 Magar et al.
8948839 February 3, 2015 Longinotti-Buitoni et al.
9055879 June 16, 2015 Selby et al.
9075429 July 7, 2015 Karakotsios et al.
9093289 July 28, 2015 Vicard et al.
9125456 September 8, 2015 Chow
9141194 September 22, 2015 Keyes et al.
9148949 September 29, 2015 Zhou et al.
9223494 December 29, 2015 DeSalvo et al.
9229102 January 5, 2016 Wright et al.
9230160 January 5, 2016 Kanter
9235241 January 12, 2016 Newham et al.
9316727 April 19, 2016 Sentelle et al.
9331422 May 3, 2016 Nazzaro et al.
9335825 May 10, 2016 Rautiainen et al.
9346167 May 24, 2016 O'Connor et al.
9354709 May 31, 2016 Heller et al.
9412273 August 9, 2016 Ricci
9508141 November 29, 2016 Khachaturian et al.
9511877 December 6, 2016 Masson
9524597 December 20, 2016 Ricci
9569001 February 14, 2017 Mistry et al.
9575560 February 21, 2017 Poupyrev et al.
9582933 February 28, 2017 Mosterman et al.
9588625 March 7, 2017 Poupyrev
9594443 March 14, 2017 VanBlon et al.
9600080 March 21, 2017 Poupyrev
9693592 July 4, 2017 Robinson et al.
9699663 July 4, 2017 Jovancevic
9729986 August 8, 2017 Crawley et al.
9746551 August 29, 2017 Scholten et al.
9766742 September 19, 2017 Papakostas
9778749 October 3, 2017 Poupyrev
9807619 October 31, 2017 Tsai et al.
9811164 November 7, 2017 Poupyrev
9817109 November 14, 2017 Saboo et al.
9837760 December 5, 2017 Karagozler et al.
9848780 December 26, 2017 DeBusschere et al.
9870056 January 16, 2018 Yao
9921660 March 20, 2018 Poupyrev
9933908 April 3, 2018 Poupyrev
9947080 April 17, 2018 Nguyen et al.
9958541 May 1, 2018 Kishigami et al.
9971414 May 15, 2018 Gollakota et al.
9971415 May 15, 2018 Poupyrev et al.
9983747 May 29, 2018 Poupyrev
9994233 June 12, 2018 Diaz-Jimenez et al.
10016162 July 10, 2018 Rogers et al.
10027923 July 17, 2018 Chang
10034630 July 31, 2018 Lee et al.
10063427 August 28, 2018 Brown
10064582 September 4, 2018 Rogers
10073590 September 11, 2018 Dascola et al.
10080528 September 25, 2018 DeBusschere et al.
10082950 September 25, 2018 Lapp
10088908 October 2, 2018 Poupyrev et al.
10139916 November 27, 2018 Poupyrev
10155274 December 18, 2018 Robinson et al.
10175781 January 8, 2019 Karagozler et al.
10203405 February 12, 2019 Mazzaro et al.
10203763 February 12, 2019 Poupyrev et al.
10222469 March 5, 2019 Gillian et al.
10241581 March 26, 2019 Lien et al.
10268321 April 23, 2019 Poupyrev
10285456 May 14, 2019 Poupyrev et al.
10300370 May 28, 2019 Amihood et al.
10304567 May 28, 2019 Kitagawa et al.
10310620 June 4, 2019 Lien et al.
10310621 June 4, 2019 Lien et al.
10376195 August 13, 2019 Reid et al.
10379621 August 13, 2019 Schwesig et al.
10401490 September 3, 2019 Gillian et al.
10409385 September 10, 2019 Poupyrev
10459080 October 29, 2019 Schwesig et al.
10492302 November 26, 2019 Karagozler et al.
10496182 December 3, 2019 Lien et al.
10503883 December 10, 2019 Gillian et al.
10509478 December 17, 2019 Poupyrev et al.
10540001 January 21, 2020 Poupyrev et al.
10572027 February 25, 2020 Poupyrev et al.
10579150 March 3, 2020 Gu et al.
10642367 May 5, 2020 Poupyrev
10660379 May 26, 2020 Poupyrev et al.
10664059 May 26, 2020 Poupyrev
10664061 May 26, 2020 Poupyrev
10705185 July 7, 2020 Lien et al.
10768712 September 8, 2020 Schwesig et al.
10817065 October 27, 2020 Lien et al.
10817070 October 27, 2020 Lien et al.
10823841 November 3, 2020 Lien et al.
10908696 February 2, 2021 Amihood et al.
10931934 February 23, 2021 Richards et al.
10936081 March 2, 2021 Poupyrev
10936085 March 2, 2021 Poupyrev et al.
10948996 March 16, 2021 Poupyrev et al.
11080556 August 3, 2021 Gillian et al.
11103015 August 31, 2021 Poupyrev et al.
11132065 September 28, 2021 Gillian et al.
11140787 October 5, 2021 Karagozler et al.
11169988 November 9, 2021 Poupyrev et al.
11175743 November 16, 2021 Lien et al.
11221682 January 11, 2022 Poupyrev
11256335 February 22, 2022 Poupyrev et al.
11385721 July 12, 2022 Lien et al.
11481040 October 25, 2022 Gillian et al.
20010030624 October 18, 2001 Schwoegler
20010035836 November 1, 2001 Miceli et al.
20020009972 January 24, 2002 Amento et al.
20020080156 June 27, 2002 Abbott et al.
20020170897 November 21, 2002 Hall
20030005030 January 2, 2003 Sutton et al.
20030036685 February 20, 2003 Goodman
20030071750 April 17, 2003 Benitz
20030093000 May 15, 2003 Nishio et al.
20030100228 May 29, 2003 Bungo et al.
20030119391 June 26, 2003 Swallow et al.
20030122677 July 3, 2003 Kail
20040008137 January 15, 2004 Hassebrock et al.
20040009729 January 15, 2004 Hill et al.
20040046736 March 11, 2004 Pryor et al.
20040102693 May 27, 2004 DeBusschere et al.
20040157662 August 12, 2004 Tsuchiya
20040249250 December 9, 2004 McGee et al.
20040259391 December 23, 2004 Jung et al.
20050069695 March 31, 2005 Jung et al.
20050128124 June 16, 2005 Greneker et al.
20050148876 July 7, 2005 Endoh et al.
20050195330 September 8, 2005 Zacks
20050231419 October 20, 2005 Mitchell
20050267366 December 1, 2005 Murashita et al.
20060035554 February 16, 2006 Glaser et al.
20060040739 February 23, 2006 Wells
20060047386 March 2, 2006 Kanevsky et al.
20060061504 March 23, 2006 Leach, Jr. et al.
20060100517 May 11, 2006 Phillips
20060125803 June 15, 2006 Westerman et al.
20060136997 June 22, 2006 Telek et al.
20060139162 June 29, 2006 Flynn
20060139314 June 29, 2006 Bell
20060148351 July 6, 2006 Tao et al.
20060157734 July 20, 2006 Onodero et al.
20060166620 July 27, 2006 Sorensen
20060170584 August 3, 2006 Romero et al.
20060183980 August 17, 2006 Yang
20060209021 September 21, 2006 Yoo et al.
20060244654 November 2, 2006 Cheng et al.
20060258205 November 16, 2006 Locher et al.
20060284757 December 21, 2006 Zemany
20070024488 February 1, 2007 Zemany et al.
20070024946 February 1, 2007 Panasyuk et al.
20070026695 February 1, 2007 Lee et al.
20070027369 February 1, 2007 Pagnacco et al.
20070030195 February 8, 2007 Steinway et al.
20070118043 May 24, 2007 Oliver et al.
20070161921 July 12, 2007 Rausch
20070164896 July 19, 2007 Suzuki et al.
20070176821 August 2, 2007 Flom et al.
20070192647 August 16, 2007 Glaser
20070197115 August 23, 2007 Eves et al.
20070197878 August 23, 2007 Shklarski
20070210074 September 13, 2007 Maurer et al.
20070237423 October 11, 2007 Tico et al.
20070276262 November 29, 2007 Banet et al.
20070276632 November 29, 2007 Banet et al.
20080001735 January 3, 2008 Tran
20080002027 January 3, 2008 Kondo et al.
20080015422 January 17, 2008 Wessel
20080024438 January 31, 2008 Collins et al.
20080039731 February 14, 2008 McCombie et al.
20080059578 March 6, 2008 Albertson et al.
20080065291 March 13, 2008 Breed
20080074307 March 27, 2008 Boric-Lubecke et al.
20080122796 May 29, 2008 Jobs et al.
20080134102 June 5, 2008 Movold et al.
20080136775 June 12, 2008 Conant
20080168396 July 10, 2008 Matas et al.
20080168403 July 10, 2008 Westerman et al.
20080194204 August 14, 2008 Duet et al.
20080194975 August 14, 2008 MacQuarrie et al.
20080211766 September 4, 2008 Westerman et al.
20080233822 September 25, 2008 Swallow et al.
20080278450 November 13, 2008 Lashina
20080282665 November 20, 2008 Speleers
20080291158 November 27, 2008 Park et al.
20080303800 December 11, 2008 Elwell
20080316085 December 25, 2008 Rofougaran et al.
20080320419 December 25, 2008 Matas et al.
20090002220 January 1, 2009 Lovberg et al.
20090018408 January 15, 2009 Ouchi et al.
20090018428 January 15, 2009 Dias et al.
20090033585 February 5, 2009 Lang
20090053950 February 26, 2009 Surve
20090056300 March 5, 2009 Chung et al.
20090058820 March 5, 2009 Hinckley
20090113298 April 30, 2009 Jung et al.
20090115617 May 7, 2009 Sano et al.
20090118648 May 7, 2009 Kandori et al.
20090149036 June 11, 2009 Lee et al.
20090177068 July 9, 2009 Stivoric et al.
20090203244 August 13, 2009 Toonder
20090226043 September 10, 2009 Angell et al.
20090253585 October 8, 2009 Diatchenko et al.
20090270690 October 29, 2009 Roos et al.
20090278915 November 12, 2009 Kramer et al.
20090288762 November 26, 2009 Wolfel
20090292468 November 26, 2009 Wu et al.
20090295712 December 3, 2009 Ritzau
20090299197 December 3, 2009 Antonelli et al.
20090303100 December 10, 2009 Zemany
20090319181 December 24, 2009 Khosravy et al.
20100013676 January 21, 2010 Do et al.
20100045513 February 25, 2010 Pett et al.
20100050133 February 25, 2010 Nishihara et al.
20100053151 March 4, 2010 Marti et al.
20100060570 March 11, 2010 Underkoffler et al.
20100065320 March 18, 2010 Urano
20100069730 March 18, 2010 Bergstrom et al.
20100071205 March 25, 2010 Graumann et al.
20100094141 April 15, 2010 Puswella
20100107099 April 29, 2010 Frazier et al.
20100109938 May 6, 2010 Oswald et al.
20100152600 June 17, 2010 Droitcour et al.
20100179820 July 15, 2010 Harrison et al.
20100198067 August 5, 2010 Mahfouz et al.
20100201586 August 12, 2010 Michalk
20100204550 August 12, 2010 Heneghan et al.
20100205667 August 12, 2010 Anderson et al.
20100208035 August 19, 2010 Pinault et al.
20100225562 September 9, 2010 Smith
20100234094 September 16, 2010 Gagner et al.
20100241009 September 23, 2010 Petkie
20100002912 January 7, 2010 Solinsky
20100281438 November 4, 2010 Latta et al.
20100292549 November 18, 2010 Schuler
20100306713 December 2, 2010 Geisner et al.
20100313414 December 16, 2010 Sheats
20100324384 December 23, 2010 Moon et al.
20100325770 December 30, 2010 Chung et al.
20110003664 January 6, 2011 Richard
20110010014 January 13, 2011 Oexman et al.
20110018795 January 27, 2011 Jang
20110029038 February 3, 2011 Hyde et al.
20110073353 March 31, 2011 Lee et al.
20110083111 April 7, 2011 Forutanpour et al.
20110093820 April 21, 2011 Zhang et al.
20110118564 May 19, 2011 Sankai
20110119640 May 19, 2011 Berkes et al.
20110166940 July 7, 2011 Bangera et al.
20110181509 July 28, 2011 Rautiainen et al.
20110181510 July 28, 2011 Hakala et al.
20110193939 August 11, 2011 Vassigh et al.
20110197263 August 11, 2011 Stinson, III
20110202404 August 18, 2011 van der Riet
20110213218 September 1, 2011 Weiner et al.
20110221666 September 15, 2011 Newton et al.
20110234492 September 29, 2011 Ajmera et al.
20110239118 September 29, 2011 Yamaoka et al.
20110242305 October 6, 2011 Peterson et al.
20110245688 October 6, 2011 Arora et al.
20110279303 November 17, 2011 Smith
20110286585 November 24, 2011 Hodge
20110303341 December 15, 2011 Meiss et al.
20110307842 December 15, 2011 Chiang et al.
20110316888 December 29, 2011 Sachs et al.
20110318985 December 29, 2011 McDermid
20120001875 January 5, 2012 Li et al.
20120013571 January 19, 2012 Yeh et al.
20120019168 January 26, 2012 Noda et al.
20120029369 February 2, 2012 Icove et al.
20120047468 February 23, 2012 Santos et al.
20120068876 March 22, 2012 Bangera et al.
20120069043 March 22, 2012 Narita et al.
20120075958 March 29, 2012 Hintz
20120092284 April 19, 2012 Rofougaran et al.
20120105358 May 3, 2012 Momeyer et al.
20120123232 May 17, 2012 Najarian et al.
20120127082 May 24, 2012 Kushler et al.
20120144934 June 14, 2012 Russell et al.
20120146950 June 14, 2012 Park et al.
20120150493 June 14, 2012 Casey et al.
20120154313 June 21, 2012 Au et al.
20120156926 June 21, 2012 Kato et al.
20120174299 July 12, 2012 Balzano
20120174736 July 12, 2012 Wang et al.
20120182222 July 19, 2012 Moloney
20120191223 July 26, 2012 Dharwada et al.
20120193801 August 2, 2012 Gross et al.
20120200600 August 9, 2012 Demaine
20120220835 August 30, 2012 Chung
20120243374 September 27, 2012 Dahl et al.
20120248093 October 4, 2012 Ulrich et al.
20120254810 October 4, 2012 Heck et al.
20120268310 October 25, 2012 Kim
20120268416 October 25, 2012 Pirogov et al.
20120270564 October 25, 2012 Gum et al.
20120276849 November 1, 2012 Hyde et al.
20120280900 November 8, 2012 Wang et al.
20120298748 November 29, 2012 Factor et al.
20120310665 December 6, 2012 Xu et al.
20130016070 January 17, 2013 Starner et al.
20130027218 January 31, 2013 Schwarz et al.
20130035563 February 7, 2013 Angellides
20130046544 February 21, 2013 Kay et al.
20130053653 February 28, 2013 Cuddihy et al.
20130076649 March 28, 2013 Myers et al.
20130076788 March 28, 2013 Ben Zvi
20130078624 March 28, 2013 Holmes et al.
20130079649 March 28, 2013 Mestha et al.
20130082922 April 4, 2013 Miller
20130083173 April 4, 2013 Geisner et al.
20130086533 April 4, 2013 Stienstra
20130096439 April 18, 2013 Lee et al.
20130102217 April 25, 2013 Jeon
20130104084 April 25, 2013 Mlyniec et al.
20130106710 May 2, 2013 Ashbrook
20130113647 May 9, 2013 Sentelle et al.
20130113830 May 9, 2013 Suzuki
20130117377 May 9, 2013 Miller
20130132931 May 23, 2013 Bruns et al.
20130147833 June 13, 2013 Aubauer et al.
20130150735 June 13, 2013 Cheng
20130154919 June 20, 2013 An et al.
20130161078 June 27, 2013 Li
20130169471 July 4, 2013 Lynch
20130176161 July 11, 2013 Derham et al.
20130176258 July 11, 2013 Dahl et al.
20130194173 August 1, 2013 Zhu et al.
20130195330 August 1, 2013 Kim et al.
20130196716 August 1, 2013 Khurram
20130207962 August 15, 2013 Oberdorfer et al.
20130222232 August 29, 2013 Kong et al.
20130229508 September 5, 2013 Li et al.
20130241765 September 19, 2013 Kozma et al.
20130245986 September 19, 2013 Grokop et al.
20130249793 September 26, 2013 Zhu et al.
20130253029 September 26, 2013 Jain et al.
20130260630 October 3, 2013 Ito et al.
20130263029 October 3, 2013 Rossi et al.
20130278499 October 24, 2013 Anderson
20130278501 October 24, 2013 Bulzacki
20130281024 October 24, 2013 Rofougaran et al.
20130283203 October 24, 2013 Batraski et al.
20130310700 November 21, 2013 Wiard et al.
20130322729 December 5, 2013 Mestha et al.
20130332438 December 12, 2013 Li et al.
20130345569 December 26, 2013 Mestha et al.
20140005809 January 2, 2014 Frei et al.
20140022108 January 23, 2014 Alberth et al.
20140028539 January 30, 2014 Newham et al.
20140035737 February 6, 2014 Rashid et al.
20140049487 February 20, 2014 Konertz et al.
20140050354 February 20, 2014 Heim et al.
20140051941 February 20, 2014 Messerschmidt
20140070957 March 13, 2014 Longinotti-Buitoni et al.
20140072190 March 13, 2014 Wu et al.
20140073486 March 13, 2014 Ahmed et al.
20140073969 March 13, 2014 Zou et al.
20140081100 March 20, 2014 Muhsin et al.
20140095480 April 3, 2014 Marantz et al.
20140097979 April 10, 2014 Nohara et al.
20140121540 May 1, 2014 Raskin
20140135631 May 15, 2014 Brumback et al.
20140139422 May 22, 2014 Mistry et al.
20140139430 May 22, 2014 Leung
20140139616 May 22, 2014 Pinter et al.
20140143678 May 22, 2014 Mistry et al.
20140145955 May 29, 2014 Gomez et al.
20140149859 May 29, 2014 Van Dyken et al.
20140181509 June 26, 2014 Liu
20140184496 July 3, 2014 Gribetz et al.
20140184499 July 3, 2014 Kim
20140188989 July 3, 2014 Stekkelpak et al.
20140191939 July 10, 2014 Penn et al.
20140200416 July 17, 2014 Kashef et al.
20140201690 July 17, 2014 Holz
20140203080 July 24, 2014 Hintz
20140208275 July 24, 2014 Mongia et al.
20140215389 July 31, 2014 Walsh et al.
20140239065 August 28, 2014 Zhou et al.
20140244277 August 28, 2014 Krishna Rao et al.
20140246415 September 4, 2014 Wittkowski
20140247212 September 4, 2014 Kim et al.
20140250515 September 4, 2014 Jakobsson
20140253431 September 11, 2014 Gossweiler et al.
20140253709 September 11, 2014 Bresch et al.
20140262478 September 18, 2014 Harris et al.
20140265642 September 18, 2014 Utley et al.
20140270698 September 18, 2014 Luna et al.
20140275854 September 18, 2014 Venkatraman et al.
20140276104 September 18, 2014 Tao et al.
20140280295 September 18, 2014 Kurochikin et al.
20140281975 September 18, 2014 Anderson
20140282877 September 18, 2014 Mahaffey et al.
20140297006 October 2, 2014 Sadhu
20140298266 October 2, 2014 Lapp
20140300506 October 9, 2014 Alton et al.
20140306936 October 16, 2014 Dahl et al.
20140309855 October 16, 2014 Tran
20140316261 October 23, 2014 Lux et al.
20140318699 October 30, 2014 Longinotti-Buitoni et al.
20140324888 October 30, 2014 Xie et al.
20140329567 November 6, 2014 Chan et al.
20140333467 November 13, 2014 Inomata
20140343392 November 20, 2014 Yang
20140347295 November 27, 2014 Kim et al.
20140357369 December 4, 2014 Callens et al.
20140368378 December 18, 2014 Crain et al.
20140368441 December 18, 2014 Touloumtzis
20140376788 December 25, 2014 Xu et al.
20150002391 January 1, 2015 Chen
20150009096 January 8, 2015 Lee et al.
20150026815 January 22, 2015 Barrett
20150029050 January 29, 2015 Driscoll et al.
20150030256 January 29, 2015 Brady et al.
20150040040 February 5, 2015 Balan et al.
20150046183 February 12, 2015 Cireddu
20150062033 March 5, 2015 Ishihara
20150068069 March 12, 2015 Tran et al.
20150077282 March 19, 2015 Mohamadi
20150077345 March 19, 2015 Hwang et al.
20150084855 March 26, 2015 Song et al.
20150085060 March 26, 2015 Fish et al.
20150091820 April 2, 2015 Rosenberg et al.
20150091858 April 2, 2015 Rosenberg et al.
20150091859 April 2, 2015 Rosenberg et al.
20150091903 April 2, 2015 Costello et al.
20150095987 April 2, 2015 Potash et al.
20150099941 April 9, 2015 Tran
20150100328 April 9, 2015 Kress et al.
20150106770 April 16, 2015 Shah et al.
20150109164 April 23, 2015 Takaki
20150112606 April 23, 2015 He et al.
20150133017 May 14, 2015 Liao et al.
20150143601 May 28, 2015 Longinotti-Buitoni et al.
20150145805 May 28, 2015 Liu
20150162729 June 11, 2015 Reversat et al.
20150177374 June 25, 2015 Driscoll et al.
20150177866 June 25, 2015 Hwang et al.
20150185314 July 2, 2015 Corcos et al.
20150199045 July 16, 2015 Robucci et al.
20150204973 July 23, 2015 Nohara et al.
20150205358 July 23, 2015 Lyren
20150223733 August 13, 2015 Al-Alusi
20150226004 August 13, 2015 Thompson
20150229885 August 13, 2015 Offenhaeuser
20150256763 September 10, 2015 Niemi
20150257653 September 17, 2015 Hyde et al.
20150261320 September 17, 2015 Leto
20150268027 September 24, 2015 Gerdes
20150268799 September 24, 2015 Starner et al.
20150276925 October 1, 2015 Scholten et al.
20150277569 October 1, 2015 Sprenger et al.
20150280102 October 1, 2015 Tajitsu et al.
20150285906 October 8, 2015 Hooper et al.
20150287187 October 8, 2015 Redtel
20150297105 October 22, 2015 Pahlevan et al.
20150301167 October 22, 2015 Sentelle et al.
20150312041 October 29, 2015 Choi
20150314780 November 5, 2015 Stenneth et al.
20150317518 November 5, 2015 Fujimaki et al.
20150323993 November 12, 2015 Levesque et al.
20150332075 November 19, 2015 Burch
20150341550 November 26, 2015 Lay
20150346701 December 3, 2015 Gordon et al.
20150346820 December 3, 2015 Poupyrev et al.
20150350902 December 3, 2015 Baxley et al.
20150351703 December 10, 2015 Phillips et al.
20150370250 December 24, 2015 Bachrach et al.
20150375339 December 31, 2015 Sterling et al.
20160011668 January 14, 2016 Gilad-Bachrach et al.
20160018948 January 21, 2016 Parvarandeh et al.
20160026253 January 28, 2016 Bradski et al.
20160026768 January 28, 2016 Singh et al.
20160038083 February 11, 2016 Ding et al.
20160041617 February 11, 2016 Poupyrev
20160041618 February 11, 2016 Poupyrev
20160042169 February 11, 2016 Polehn
20160045706 February 18, 2016 Gary et al.
20160048235 February 18, 2016 Poupyrev
20160048236 February 18, 2016 Poupyrev
20160048672 February 18, 2016 Lux et al.
20160054792 February 25, 2016 Poupyrev
20160054803 February 25, 2016 Poupyrev
20160054804 February 25, 2016 Gollakata et al.
20160055201 February 25, 2016 Poupyrev et al.
20160075015 March 17, 2016 Izhikevich et al.
20160075016 March 17, 2016 Laurent et al.
20160077202 March 17, 2016 Hirvonen et al.
20160085296 March 24, 2016 Mo et al.
20160089042 March 31, 2016 Saponas et al.
20160090839 March 31, 2016 Stolarcyzk
20160096270 April 7, 2016 Ibarz Gabardos et al.
20160098089 April 7, 2016 Poupyrev
20160100166 April 7, 2016 Dragne et al.
20160103500 April 14, 2016 Hussey et al.
20160106328 April 21, 2016 Mestha et al.
20160124579 May 5, 2016 Tokutake
20160131741 May 12, 2016 Park
20160140872 May 19, 2016 Palmer et al.
20160145776 May 26, 2016 Roh
20160146931 May 26, 2016 Rao et al.
20160170491 June 16, 2016 Jung
20160171293 June 16, 2016 Li et al.
20160186366 June 30, 2016 McMaster
20160206244 July 21, 2016 Rogers
20160213331 July 28, 2016 Gil et al.
20160216825 July 28, 2016 Forutanpour
20160220152 August 4, 2016 Meriheina et al.
20160234365 August 11, 2016 Alameh et al.
20160238696 August 18, 2016 Hintz
20160249698 September 1, 2016 Berzowska et al.
20160252607 September 1, 2016 Saboo et al.
20160252965 September 1, 2016 Mandella et al.
20160253044 September 1, 2016 Katz
20160259037 September 8, 2016 Molchanov et al.
20160262685 September 15, 2016 Wagner et al.
20160282988 September 29, 2016 Poupyrev
20160283101 September 29, 2016 Schwesig et al.
20160284436 September 29, 2016 Fukuhara et al.
20160287172 October 6, 2016 Morris et al.
20160291143 October 6, 2016 Cao et al.
20160299526 October 13, 2016 Inagaki et al.
20160306034 October 20, 2016 Trotta et al.
20160320852 November 3, 2016 Poupyrev
20160320853 November 3, 2016 Lien et al.
20160320854 November 3, 2016 Lien et al.
20160321428 November 3, 2016 Rogers
20160338599 November 24, 2016 DeBusschere et al.
20160345638 December 1, 2016 Robinson et al.
20160349790 December 1, 2016 Connor
20160349845 December 1, 2016 Poupyrev et al.
20160377712 December 29, 2016 Wu et al.
20170011210 January 12, 2017 Cheong et al.
20170013417 January 12, 2017 Zampini, II
20170029985 February 2, 2017 Tajitsu et al.
20170052618 February 23, 2017 Lee et al.
20170060254 March 2, 2017 Molchanov et al.
20170060298 March 2, 2017 Hwang et al.
20170075481 March 16, 2017 Chou et al.
20170075496 March 16, 2017 Rosenberg et al.
20170097413 April 6, 2017 Gillian et al.
20170097684 April 6, 2017 Lien
20170115777 April 27, 2017 Poupyrev
20170124407 May 4, 2017 Micks et al.
20170125940 May 4, 2017 Karagozler et al.
20170131395 May 11, 2017 Reynolds et al.
20170164904 June 15, 2017 Kirenko
20170168630 June 15, 2017 Khoshkava et al.
20170192523 July 6, 2017 Poupyrev
20170192629 July 6, 2017 Takada et al.
20170196513 July 13, 2017 Longinotti-Buitoni et al.
20170224280 August 10, 2017 Bozkurt et al.
20170231089 August 10, 2017 Van Keymeulen
20170232538 August 17, 2017 Robinson et al.
20170233903 August 17, 2017 Jeon
20170249033 August 31, 2017 Podhajny et al.
20170258366 September 14, 2017 Tupin et al.
20170291301 October 12, 2017 Gabardos et al.
20170322633 November 9, 2017 Shen et al.
20170325337 November 9, 2017 Karagozler et al.
20170325518 November 16, 2017 Poupyrev et al.
20170329412 November 16, 2017 Schwesig et al.
20170329425 November 16, 2017 Karagozler et al.
20170356992 December 14, 2017 Scholten et al.
20180000354 January 4, 2018 DeBusschere et al.
20180000355 January 4, 2018 DeBusschere et al.
20180004301 January 4, 2018 Poupyrev
20180005766 January 4, 2018 Fairbanks et al.
20180046258 February 15, 2018 Poupyrev
20180095541 April 5, 2018 Gribetz et al.
20180106897 April 19, 2018 Shouldice et al.
20180113032 April 26, 2018 Dickey et al.
20180157330 June 7, 2018 Gu et al.
20180160943 June 14, 2018 Fyfe et al.
20180177464 June 28, 2018 DeBusschere et al.
20180196527 July 12, 2018 Poupyrev et al.
20180256106 September 13, 2018 Rogers et al.
20180296163 October 18, 2018 DeBusschere et al.
20180321841 November 8, 2018 Lapp
20190030713 January 31, 2019 Gabardos et al.
20190033981 January 31, 2019 Poupyrev
20190138109 May 9, 2019 Poupyrev et al.
20190155396 May 23, 2019 Lien et al.
20190208837 July 11, 2019 Poupyrev et al.
20190232156 August 1, 2019 Amihood et al.
20190243464 August 8, 2019 Lien et al.
20190257939 August 22, 2019 Schwesig et al.
20190278379 September 12, 2019 Gribetz et al.
20190321719 October 24, 2019 Gillian et al.
20190391667 December 26, 2019 Poupyrev
20190394884 December 26, 2019 Karagozler et al.
20200064471 February 27, 2020 Gatland et al.
20200064924 February 27, 2020 Poupyrev et al.
20200089314 March 19, 2020 Poupyrev et al.
20200150776 May 14, 2020 Poupyrev et al.
20200218361 July 9, 2020 Poupyrev
20200229515 July 23, 2020 Poupyrev et al.
20200264765 August 20, 2020 Poupyrev et al.
20200278422 September 3, 2020 Lien et al.
20200326708 October 15, 2020 Wang et al.
20200393912 December 17, 2020 Lien et al.
20200409472 December 31, 2020 Lien et al.
20210096653 April 1, 2021 Amihood et al.
20210132702 May 6, 2021 Poupyrev
20210326642 October 21, 2021 Gillian et al.
20210365124 November 25, 2021 Gillian et al.
20220019291 January 20, 2022 Lien et al.
20220058188 February 24, 2022 Poupyrev et al.
20220066567 March 3, 2022 Lien et al.
20220066568 March 3, 2022 Lien et al.
Foreign Patent Documents
1299501 June 2001 CN
1462382 December 2003 CN
1862601 November 2006 CN
101349943 January 2009 CN
101636711 January 2010 CN
101751126 June 2010 CN
101910781 December 2010 CN
102031615 April 2011 CN
102160471 August 2011 CN
102184020 September 2011 CN
102414641 April 2012 CN
102473032 May 2012 CN
102782612 November 2012 CN
102819315 December 2012 CN
102893327 January 2013 CN
106342197 February 2013 CN
202887794 April 2013 CN
103076911 May 2013 CN
103091667 May 2013 CN
103502911 January 2014 CN
103534664 January 2014 CN
102660988 March 2014 CN
103675868 March 2014 CN
103907405 July 2014 CN
104035552 September 2014 CN
104094194 October 2014 CN
104115118 October 2014 CN
104838336 August 2015 CN
103355860 January 2016 CN
106154270 November 2016 CN
10011263 September 2001 DE
102011075725 November 2012 DE
102013201359 July 2014 DE
0161895 November 1985 EP
1785744 May 2007 EP
1815788 August 2007 EP
2177017 April 2010 EP
2417908 February 2012 EP
2637081 September 2013 EP
2770408 August 2014 EP
2014165476 October 2014 EP
2953007 December 2015 EP
2923642 March 2017 EP
3201726 August 2017 EP
3017722 August 2015 FR
2070469 September 1981 GB
2443208 April 2008 GB
113860 April 1999 JP
11168268 June 1999 JP
H11168268 June 1999 JP
H11237477 August 1999 JP
2001208828 August 2001 JP
2003500759 January 2003 JP
2003280049 October 2003 JP
2005231450 September 2005 JP
2006514382 April 2006 JP
2006163886 June 2006 JP
2006234716 September 2006 JP
2007011873 January 2007 JP
2007132768 May 2007 JP
2007266772 October 2007 JP
2007333385 December 2007 JP
2008287714 November 2008 JP
2008293501 December 2008 JP
2009037434 February 2009 JP
2010048583 March 2010 JP
2010049583 March 2010 JP
2011003202 January 2011 JP
2011086114 April 2011 JP
2011102457 May 2011 JP
2011253241 December 2011 JP
2012068854 April 2012 JP
201218583 September 2012 JP
2012185833 September 2012 JP
2012198916 October 2012 JP
2012208714 October 2012 JP
2013016060 January 2013 JP
2013037674 February 2013 JP
2013196047 September 2013 JP
2013251913 December 2013 JP
2014503873 February 2014 JP
2014532332 December 2014 JP
2015507263 March 2015 JP
2015509634 March 2015 JP
2021085256 June 2021 JP
1020080102516 November 2008 KR
100987650 October 2010 KR
20130045222 May 2013 KR
1020130137005 December 2013 KR
20140027837 March 2014 KR
20140053988 May 2014 KR
1020140055985 May 2014 KR
20140138779 December 2014 KR
20150002718 January 2015 KR
101999712 January 2017 KR
101914850 October 2018 KR
201425974 July 2014 TW
9001895 March 1990 WO
0130123 April 2001 WO
2001027855 April 2001 WO
0175778 October 2001 WO
2002082999 October 2002 WO
2004004557 January 2004 WO
2004053601 June 2004 WO
2005033387 April 2005 WO
2005103863 November 2005 WO
2007125298 November 2007 WO
2008061385 May 2008 WO
2009032073 March 2009 WO
2009083467 July 2009 WO
2009148064 December 2009 WO
2010032173 March 2010 WO
2010101697 September 2010 WO
2012026013 March 2012 WO
2012064847 May 2012 WO
2012152476 November 2012 WO
2013082806 June 2013 WO
2013084108 June 2013 WO
2013137412 September 2013 WO
2013154864 October 2013 WO
2013186696 December 2013 WO
2013191657 December 2013 WO
2013192166 December 2013 WO
2014019085 February 2014 WO
2014032984 March 2014 WO
2014085369 June 2014 WO
2014116968 July 2014 WO
2014124520 August 2014 WO
2014136027 September 2014 WO
2014138280 September 2014 WO
2014160893 October 2014 WO
2014165476 October 2014 WO
2014204323 December 2014 WO
2015017931 February 2015 WO
2015018675 February 2015 WO
2015022671 February 2015 WO
2015099796 July 2015 WO
2015149049 October 2015 WO
2016053624 April 2016 WO
2016118534 July 2016 WO
2016154560 September 2016 WO
2016154568 September 2016 WO
2016176471 November 2016 WO
2016176600 November 2016 WO
2016176606 November 2016 WO
2016178797 November 2016 WO
2017019299 February 2017 WO
2017062566 April 2017 WO
2017079484 May 2017 WO
2017200570 November 2017 WO
2017200571 November 2017 WO
20170200949 November 2017 WO
2018106306 June 2018 WO
Other references
  • “Advisory Action”, U.S. Appl. No. 16/689,519, dated Jun. 30, 2021, 2 pages.
  • “Advisory Action”, U.S. Appl. No. 14/504,139, dated Aug. 28, 2017, 3 pages.
  • “Advisory Action”, U.S. Appl. No. 15/704,825, dated Feb. 10, 2021, 4 pages.
  • “Apple Watch Used Four Sensors to Detect your Pulse”, retrieved from http://www.theverge.com/2014/9/9/6126991 / apple-watch-four-back-sensors-detect-activity on Sep. 23, 2017 as cited in PCT search report for PCT Application No. PCT/US2016/026756 dated Nov. 10, 2017; The Verge, paragraph 1, Sep. 9, 2014, 4 pages.
  • “Cardiio”, Retrieved From: <http://www.cardiio.com/> Apr. 15, 2015 App Information Retrieved From: <https://itunes.apple.com/us/app/cardiio-touchless-camera-pulse/id542891434?ls=1&mt=8> Apr. 15, 2015, Feb. 24, 2015, 6 pages.
  • “Clever Toilet Checks on Your Health”, CNN.Com; Technology, Jun. 28, 2005, 2 pages.
  • “Combined Search and Examination Report”, GB Application No. 1620892.8, dated Apr. 6, 2017, 5 pages.
  • “Combined Search and Examination Report”, GB Application No. 1620891.0, dated May 31, 2017, 9 pages.
  • “Corrected Notice of Allowance”, U.S. Appl. No. 15/362,359, dated Sep. 17, 2018, 10 pages.
  • “Corrected Notice of Allowance”, U.S. Appl. No. 16/380,245, dated Jan. 6, 2021, 2 pages.
  • “Corrected Notice of Allowance”, U.S. Appl. No. 16/560,085, dated Jan. 28, 2021, 2 pages.
  • “Corrected Notice of Allowance”, U.S. Appl. No. 16/744,626, dated Feb. 3, 2021, 2 pages.
  • “Corrected Notice of Allowance”, U.S. Appl. No. 16/669,842, dated Feb. 18, 2021, 2 pages.
  • “Corrected Notice of Allowance”, U.S. Appl. No. 16/563,124, dated Jul. 23, 2021, 2 pages.
  • “Corrected Notice of Allowance”, U.S. Appl. No. 17/005,207, dated Aug. 2, 2021, 2 pages.
  • “Corrected Notice of Allowance”, U.S. Appl. No. 16/843,813, dated Aug. 6, 2021, 2 pages.
  • “Corrected Notice of Allowance”, U.S. Appl. No. 16/503,234, dated Aug. 19, 2021, 2 pages.
  • “Corrected Notice of Allowance”, U.S. Appl. No. 16/252,477, dated Sep. 30, 2020, 2 pages.
  • “Corrected Notice of Allowance”, U.S. Appl. No. 16/380,245, dated Jan. 15, 2020, 2 pages.
  • “Corrected Notice of Allowance”, U.S. Appl. No. 16/560,085, dated Dec. 14, 2020, 2 pages.
  • “Corrected Notice of Allowance”, U.S. Appl. No. 16/380,245, dated Dec. 18, 2020, 2 pages.
  • “Corrected Notice of Allowance”, U.S. Appl. No. 14/582,896, dated Dec. 19, 2016, 2 pages.
  • “Corrected Notice of Allowance”, U.S. Appl. No. 14/504,061, dated Dec. 27, 2016, 2 pages.
  • “Corrected Notice of Allowance”, U.S. Appl. No. 14/582,896, dated Feb. 6, 2017, 2 pages.
  • “Corrected Notice of Allowance”, U.S. Appl. No. 14/582,896, dated Feb. 23, 2017, 2 pages.
  • “Corrected Notice of Allowance”, U.S. Appl. No. 14/930,220, dated Mar. 20, 2017, 2 pages.
  • “Corrected Notice of Allowance”, U.S. Appl. No. 14/930,220, dated May 11, 2017, 2 pages.
  • “Corrected Notice of Allowance”, U.S. Appl. No. 14/312,486, dated Oct. 28, 2016, 4 pages.
  • “Corrected Notice of Allowance”, U.S. Appl. No. 14/312,486, dated Jan. 23, 2017, 4 pages.
  • “EP Appeal Decision”, EP Application No. 10194359.5, dated May 28, 2019, 20 pages.
  • “European Search Report”, European Application No. 16789735.4, dated Nov. 14, 2018, 4 pages.
  • “Extended European Search Report”, European Application No. 19164113.3, dated Jun. 13, 2019, 11 pages.
  • “Extended European Search Report”, EP Application No. 15170577.9, dated Nov. 5, 2015, 12 pages.
  • “Extended European Search Report”, EP Application No. 21156948.8, dated Aug. 27, 2021, 15 pages.
  • “Extended European Search Report”, European Application No. 19158625.4, dated May 8, 2019, 16 pages.
  • “Extended European Search Report”, EP Application No. 20174555.1, dated Oct. 13, 2020, 9 pages.
  • “Final Office Action”, U.S. Appl. No. 15/462,957, dated Nov. 8, 2019, 10 Pages.
  • “Final Office Action”, U.S. Appl. No. 14/504,061, dated Mar. 9, 2016, 10 pages.
  • “Final Office Action”, U.S. Appl. No. 14/681,625, dated Dec. 7, 2016, 10 pages.
  • “Final Office Action”, U.S. Appl. No. 15/287,253, dated Apr. 2, 2019, 10 pages.
  • “Final Office Action”, U.S. Appl. No. 15/398,147, dated Jun. 30, 2017, 11 pages.
  • “Final Office Action”, U.S. Appl. No. 15/287,155, dated Apr. 10, 2019, 11 pages.
  • “Final Office Action”, U.S. Appl. No. 14/959,799, dated Jul. 19, 2017, 12 pages.
  • “Final Office Action”, U.S. Appl. No. 14/731,195, dated Oct. 11, 2018, 12 pages.
  • “Final Office Action”, U.S. Appl. No. 16/689,519, dated Apr. 29, 2021, 13 pages.
  • “Final Office Action”, U.S. Appl. No. 15/595,649, dated May 23, 2018, 13 pages.
  • “Final Office Action”, U.S. Appl. No. 14/715,454, dated Sep. 7, 2017, 14 pages.
  • “Final Office Action”, U.S. Appl. No. 16/503,234, dated Dec. 30, 2020, 14 pages.
  • “Final Office Action”, U.S. Appl. No. 14/504,139, dated May 1, 2018, 14 pages.
  • “Final Office Action”, U.S. Appl. No. 15/286,512, dated Dec. 26, 2018, 15 pages.
  • “Final Office Action”, U.S. Appl. No. 15/142,619, dated Feb. 8, 2018, 15 pages.
  • “Final Office Action”, U.S. Appl. No. 16/238,464, dated Jul. 25, 2019, 15 pages.
  • “Final Office Action”, U.S. Appl. No. 15/287,359, dated Feb. 19, 2020, 16 Pages.
  • “Final Office Action”, U.S. Appl. No. 14/504,121, dated Aug. 8, 2017, 16 pages.
  • “Final Office Action”, U.S. Appl. No. 14/959,730, dated Nov. 22, 2017, 16 pages.
  • “Final Office Action”, U.S. Appl. No. 15/142,689, dated Jun. 1, 2018, 16 pages.
  • “Final Office Action”, U.S. Appl. No. 14/959,799, dated Jan. 4, 2018, 17 pages.
  • “Final Office Action”, U.S. Appl. No. 14/720,632, dated Jan. 9, 2018, 18 pages.
  • “Final Office Action”, U.S. Appl. No. 15/704,825, dated Nov. 23, 2020, 18 pages.
  • “Final Office Action”, U.S. Appl. No. 14/518,863, dated May 5, 2017, 18 pages.
  • “Final Office Action”, U.S. Appl. No. 14/959,901, dated May 30, 2019, 18 pages.
  • “Final Office Action”, U.S. Appl. No. 14/959,901, dated Aug. 25, 2017, 19 pages.
  • “Final Office Action”, U.S. Appl. No. 15/093,533, dated Mar. 21, 2018, 19 pages.
  • “Final Office Action”, U.S. Appl. No. 14/715,454, dated Apr. 17, 2018, 19 pages.
  • “Final Office Action”, U.S. Appl. No. 15/286,537, dated Apr. 19, 2019, 21 pages.
  • “Final Office Action”, U.S. Appl. No. 14/518,863, dated Apr. 5, 2018, 21 pages.
  • “Final Office Action”, U.S. Appl. No. 15/596,702, dated Jun. 13, 2019, 21 pages.
  • “Final Office Action”, U.S. Appl. No. 14/959,901, dated Jun. 15, 2018, 21 pages.
  • “Final Office Action”, U.S. Appl. No. 15/287,308, dated Feb. 8, 2019, 23 pages.
  • “Final Office Action”, U.S. Appl. No. 14/599,954, dated Aug. 10, 2016, 23 pages.
  • “Final Office Action”, U.S. Appl. No. 14/504,038, dated Sep. 27, 2016, 23 pages.
  • “Final Office Action”, U.S. Appl. No. 14/504,121, dated Jul. 9, 2018, 23 pages.
  • “Final Office Action”, U.S. Appl. No. 15/286,152, dated Jun. 26, 2018, 25 pages.
  • “Final Office Action”, U.S. Appl. No. 15/704,615, dated Dec. 11, 2020, 26 pages.
  • “Final Office Action”, U.S. Appl. No. 15/142,471, dated Jun. 20, 2019, 26 pages.
  • “Final Office Action”, U.S. Appl. No. 15/596,702, dated Apr. 14, 2020, 27 Pages.
  • “Final Office Action”, U.S. Appl. No. 15/403,066, dated Oct. 5, 2017, 31 pages.
  • “Final Office Action”, U.S. Appl. No. 15/267,181, dated Jun. 7, 2018, 31 pages.
  • “Final Office Action”, U.S. Appl. No. 14/312,486, dated Jun. 3, 2016, 32 pages.
  • “Final Office Action”, U.S. Appl. No. 15/166,198, dated Sep. 27, 2018, 33 pages.
  • “Final Office Action”, U.S. Appl. No. 15/287,394, dated Sep. 30, 2019, 38 Pages.
  • “Final Office Action”, U.S. Appl. No. 14/699,181, dated May 4, 2018, 41 pages.
  • “Final Office Action”, U.S. Appl. No. 14/715,793, dated Sep. 12, 2017, 7 pages.
  • “Final Office Action”, U.S. Appl. No. 14/809,901, dated Dec. 13, 2018, 7 pages.
  • “Final Office Action”, Korean Application No. 10-2016-7036023, dated Feb. 19, 2018, 8 pages.
  • “Final Office Action”, U.S. Appl. No. 14/874,955, dated Jun. 30, 2017, 9 pages.
  • “Final Office Action”, U.S. Appl. No. 14/874,955, dated Jun. 11, 2018, 9 pages.
  • “First Action Interview OA”, U.S. Appl. No. 14/715,793, dated Jun. 21, 2017, 3 pages.
  • “First Action Interview Office Action”, U.S. Appl. No. 15/142,471, dated Feb. 5, 2019, 29 pages.
  • “First Action Interview Office Action”, U.S. Appl. No. 16/080,293, dated Jul. 23, 2020, 3 Pages.
  • “First Action Interview Office Action”, U.S. Appl. No. 14/959,901, dated Apr. 14, 2017, 3 pages.
  • “First Action Interview Office Action”, U.S. Appl. No. 14/731,195, dated Jun. 21, 2018, 4 pages.
  • “First Action Interview Office Action”, U.S. Appl. No. 15/286,152, dated Mar. 1, 2018, 5 pages.
  • “First Action Interview Office Action”, U.S. Appl. No. 15/917,238, dated Jun. 6, 2019, 6 pages.
  • “First Action Interview Office Action”, U.S. Appl. No. 15/166,198, dated Apr. 25, 2018, 8 pages.
  • “First Action Interview Pilot Program Pre-Interview Communication”, U.S. Appl. No. 14/731,195, dated Aug. 1, 2017, 3 pages.
  • “First Exam Report”, EP Application No. 15754352.1, dated Mar. 5, 2018, 7 pages.
  • “First Examination Report”, GB Application No. 1621332.4, dated May 16, 2017, 7 pages.
  • “Foreign Notice of Allowance”, KR Application No. 10-2021-7009474, dated Sep. 2, 2021, 2 pages.
  • “Foreign Office Action”, Chinese Application No. 201580034536.8, dated Oct. 9, 2018.
  • “Foreign Office Action”, CN Application No. 201680006327.7, dated Nov. 13, 2020.
  • “Foreign Office Action”, Korean Application No. 1020187029464, dated Oct. 30, 2018, 1 page.
  • “Foreign Office Action”, KR Application No. 10-2016-7036023, dated Aug. 11, 2017, 10 pages.
  • “Foreign Office Action”, CN Application No. 201680020123.9, dated Nov. 29, 2019, 10 pages.
  • “Foreign Office Action”, Chinese Application No. 201580034908.7, dated Feb. 19, 2019, 10 pages.
  • “Foreign Office Action”, Chinese Application No. 201611159602.7, dated Jul. 23, 2020, 10 pages.
  • “Foreign Office Action”, Chinese Application No. 201611191179.9, dated Aug. 28, 2019, 10 pages.
  • “Foreign Office Action”, KR Application No. 10-2021-7007454, dated Apr. 29, 2021, 11 pages.
  • “Foreign Office Action”, CN Application No. 201710922856.8, dated Jun. 19, 2020, 11 pages.
  • “Foreign Office Action”, Japanese Application No. 2018-501256, dated Jul. 24, 2018, 11 pages.
  • “Foreign Office Action”, JP Application No. 2019-078554, dated Jul. 21, 2020, 12 pages.
  • “Foreign Office Action”, KR Application No. 10-2016-7036396, dated Jan. 3, 2018, 12 pages.
  • “Foreign Office Action”, Chinese Application No. 201580036075.8, dated Jul. 4, 2018, 14 page.
  • “Foreign Office Action”, European Application No. 16725269.1, dated Nov. 26, 2018, 14 pages.
  • “Foreign Office Action”, Chinese Application No. 201680021212.5, dated Sep. 3, 2019, 14 pages.
  • “Foreign Office Action”, JP Application No. 2016-563979, dated Sep. 21, 2017, 15 pages.
  • “Foreign Office Action”, Japanese Application No. 1020187027694, dated Nov. 23, 2018, 15 pages.
  • “Foreign Office Action”, CN Application No. 201611159870.9, dated Dec. 17, 2019, 15 pages.
  • “Foreign Office Action”, European Application No. 16725269.1, dated Mar. 24, 2020, 15 pages.
  • “Foreign Office Action”, JP Application No. 2020027181, dated Nov. 17, 2020, 16 pages.
  • “Foreign Office Action”, CN Application No. 201580034908.7, dated Jul. 3, 2018, 17 pages.
  • “Foreign Office Action”, Chinese Application No. 201510300495.4, dated Jun. 21, 2018, 18 pages.
  • “Foreign Office Action”, Chinese Application No. 201680020567.2, dated Sep. 26, 2019, 19 pages.
  • “Foreign Office Action”, KR Application No. 10-2019-7004803, dated Oct. 14, 2019, 2 pages.
  • “Foreign Office Action”, KR Application No. 10-2019-7004803, dated Dec. 6, 2019, 2 pages.
  • “Foreign Office Action”, Chinese Application No. 201611159602.7, dated Oct. 11, 2019, 20 pages.
  • “Foreign Office Action”, Chinese Application No. 201580035246.5, dated Jan. 31, 2019, 22 pages.
  • “Foreign Office Action”, Chinese Application No. 201680021213.X, dated Oct. 28, 2019, 26 pages.
  • “Foreign Office Action”, European Application No. 16725269.1, dated Feb. 9, 2021, 26 pages.
  • “Foreign Office Action”, CN Application No. 201680038897.4, dated Jun. 29, 2020, 28 pages.
  • “Foreign Office Action”, Japanese Application No. 2018156138, dated May 22, 2019, 3 pages.
  • “Foreign Office Action”, GB Application No. 1621191.4, dated Sep. 10, 2021, 3 pages.
  • “Foreign Office Action”, JP Application No. 2018156138, dated Sep. 30, 2019, 3 pages.
  • “Foreign Office Action”, Korean Application No. 10-2016-7036015, dated Oct. 15, 2018, 3 pages.
  • “Foreign Office Action”, GB Application No. 1621332.4, dated Nov. 6, 2019, 3 pages.
  • “Foreign Office Action”, Japanese Application No. 2018501256, dated Feb. 26, 2019, 3 pages.
  • “Foreign Office Action”, Japanese Application No. 2018156138, dated Apr. 22, 2020, 3 pages.
  • “Foreign Office Action”, Japanese Application No. 2016-567839, dated Apr. 3, 2018, 3 pages.
  • “Foreign Office Action”, Japanese Application No. 2018-021296, dated Apr. 9, 2019, 3 pages.
  • “Foreign Office Action”, European Application No. 16784352.3, dated May 16, 2018, 3 pages.
  • “Foreign Office Action”, Japanese Application No. 2016-563979, dated May 21, 2018, 3 pages.
  • “Foreign Office Action”, Chinese Application No. 201721290290.3, dated Jun. 6, 2018, 3 pages.
  • “Foreign Office Action”, CN Application No. 201680038897.4, dated Feb. 1, 2021, 30 pages.
  • “Foreign Office Action”, European Application No. 15170577.9, dated Dec. 21, 2018, 31 pages.
  • “Foreign Office Action”, GB Application No. 1621191.4, dated Jun. 23, 2021, 4 pages.
  • “Foreign Office Action”, Japanese Application No. 2016-575564, dated Jan. 10, 2019, 4 pages.
  • “Foreign Office Action”, GB Application No. 1621191.4, dated Dec. 31, 2020, 4 pages.
  • “Foreign Office Action”, CN Application No. 201721290290.3, dated Mar. 9, 2018, 4 pages.
  • “Foreign Office Action”, Korean Application No. 10-2016-7036023, dated Apr. 12, 2018, 4 pages.
  • “Foreign Office Action”, Japanese Application No. 2016-575564, dated Jul. 10, 2018, 4 pages.
  • “Foreign Office Action”, KR Application No. 10-2021-7009474, dated May 10, 2021, 5 pages.
  • “Foreign Office Action”, KR Application No. 1020217011901, dated Jun. 4, 2021, 5 pages.
  • “Foreign Office Action”, GB Application No. 1621192.2, dated Jun. 17, 2020, 5 pages.
  • “Foreign Office Action”, KR Application No. 10-2016-7035397, dated Sep. 20, 2017, 5 pages.
  • “Foreign Office Action”, Japanese Application No. 2018169008, dated Jan. 14, 2020, 5 pages.
  • “Foreign Office Action”, JP Application No. 2018501256, dated Oct. 23, 2019, 5 pages.
  • “Foreign Office Action”, Korean Application No. 10-2017-7027877, dated Nov. 23, 2018, 5 pages.
  • “Foreign Office Action”, Japanese Application No. 2017-541972, dated Nov. 27, 2018, 5 pages.
  • “Foreign Office Action”, European Application No. 15754352.1, dated Nov. 7, 2018, 5 pages.
  • “Foreign Office Action”, EP Application No. 16784352.3, dated Dec. 9, 2020, 5 pages.
  • “Foreign Office Action”, European Application No. 16789735.4, dated Dec. 12, 2018, 5 pages.
  • “Foreign Office Action”, Japanese Application No. 2016-575564, dated Dec. 5, 2017, 5 pages.
  • “Foreign Office Action”, UK Application No. 1620891.0, dated Dec. 6, 2018, 5 pages.
  • “Foreign Office Action”, Chinese Application No. 201580036075.8, dated Feb. 19, 2019, 5 pages.
  • “Foreign Office Action”, Japanese Application No. 2016-563979, dated Feb. 7, 2018, 5 pages.
  • “Foreign Office Action”, KR Application No. 1020187004283, dated Sep. 11, 2020, 5 pages.
  • “Foreign Office Action”, British Application No. 1912334.8, dated Sep. 11, 2019, 5 pages.
  • “Foreign Office Action”, KR Application No. 10-2019-7004803, dated Jan. 21, 2021, 6 pages.
  • “Foreign Office Action”, EP Application No. 16724775.8, dated May 27, 2021, 6 pages.
  • “Foreign Office Action”, Korean Application No. 1020197019768, dated Sep. 30, 2019, 6 pages.
  • “Foreign Office Action”, JP Application No. 2016-567813, dated Jan. 16, 2018, 6 pages.
  • “Foreign Office Action”, Korean Application No. 10-2017-7027871, dated Nov. 23, 2018, 6 pages.
  • “Foreign Office Action”, Chinese Application No. 201510300495.4, dated Apr. 10, 2019, 6 pages.
  • “Foreign Office Action”, KR Application No. 10-2019-7004803, Apr. 26, 2019, 6 pages.
  • “Foreign Office Action”, Korean Application No. 1020187012629, dated May 24, 2018, 6 pages.
  • “Foreign Office Action”, EP Application No. 15170577.9, dated May 30, 2017, 7 pages.
  • “Foreign Office Action”, Korean Application No. 1020197023675, dated Jul. 13, 2020, 7 pages.
  • “Foreign Office Action”, KR Application No. 2019-7020454, dated Aug. 26, 2020, 7 pages.
  • “Foreign Office Action”, European Application No. 16716351.8, dated Mar. 15, 2019, 7 pages.
  • “Foreign Office Action”, Chinese Application No. 201680021213.X, dated Aug. 27, 2020, 7 pages.
  • “Foreign Office Action”, IN Application No. 201747044162, dated Sep. 3, 2020, 7 pages.
  • “Foreign Office Action”, JP Application No. 2016-567813, dated Sep. 22, 2017, 8 pages.
  • “Foreign Office Action”, Korean Application No. 1020187004283, dated Jan. 3, 2020, 8 pages.
  • “Foreign Office Action”, Japanese Application No. 2018021296, dated Dec. 25, 2018, 8 pages.
  • “Foreign Office Action”, EP Application No. 15754323.2, dated Mar. 9, 2018, 8 pages.
  • “Foreign Office Action”, European Application No. 16724775.8, dated Nov. 23, 2018, 9 pages.
  • “Foreign Office Action”, DE Application No. 102016014611.7, dated Sep. 28, 2020, 9 pages.
  • “Foreign Office Action”, KR Application No. 10-2016-7032967, English Translation, dated Sep. 14, 2017, 4 pages.
  • “Foreign Office Acton”, EP Application No. 21156948.8, dated May 21, 2021, 15 pages.
  • “Frogpad Introduces Wearable Fabric Keyboard with Bluetooth Technology”, Retrieved From: <http://www.geekzone.co.nz/content.asp?contentid=3898> Mar. 16, 2015, Jan. 7, 2005, 2 pages.
  • “Galaxy S4 Air Gesture”, Galaxy S4 Guides, retrieved from: hftps://allaboutgalaxys4.com/galaxy-s4-features-explained/air-gesture/ on Sep. 3, 2019, 4 pages.
  • “International Preliminary Report on Patentability”, PCT Application No. PCT/US2017/051663, dated Jun. 20, 2019, 10 pages.
  • “International Preliminary Report on Patentability”, PCT Application No. PCT/US2016/063874, dated Nov. 29, 2018, 12 pages.
  • “International Preliminary Report on Patentability”, Application No. PCT/US2015/030388, dated Dec. 15, 2016, 12 pages.
  • “International Preliminary Report on Patentability”, Application No. PCT/US2015/043963, dated Feb. 16, 2017, 12 pages.
  • “International Preliminary Report on Patentability”, Application No. PCT/US2015/050903, dated Apr. 13, 2017, 12 pages.
  • “International Preliminary Report on Patentability”, Application No. PCT/US2015/043949, dated Feb. 16, 2017, 13 pages.
  • “International Preliminary Report on Patentability”, PCT Application No. PCT/US2017/032733, dated Nov. 29, 2018, 7 pages.
  • “International Preliminary Report on Patentability”, PCT Application No. PCT/US2016/026756, dated Oct. 19, 2017, 8 pages.
  • “International Preliminary Report on Patentability”, Application No. PCT/US2015/044774, dated Mar. 2, 2017, 8 pages.
  • “International Search Report and Written Opinion”, Application No. PCT/US2016/060399, dated Jan. 30, 2017, 11 pages.
  • “International Search Report and Written Opinion”, Application No. PCT/US2016/065295, dated Mar. 14, 2017, 12 pages.
  • “International Search Report and Written Opinion”, Application No. PCT/US2015/044774, dated Nov. 3, 2015, 12 pages.
  • “International Search Report and Written Opinion”, Application No. PCT/US2016/042013, dated Oct. 26, 2016, 12 pages.
  • “International Search Report and Written Opinion”, Application No. PCT/US2016/062082, dated Feb. 23, 2017, 12 pages.
  • “International Search Report and Written Opinion”, Application No. PCT/US2017/047691, dated Nov. 16, 2017, 13 pages.
  • “International Search Report and Written Opinion”, Application No. PCT/US2016/024267, dated Jun. 20, 2016, 13 pages.
  • “International Search Report and Written Opinion”, Application No. PCT/US2016/024273, dated Jun. 20, 2016, 13 pages.
  • “International Search Report and Written Opinion”, Application No. PCT/US2016/032307, dated Aug. 25, 2016, 13 pages.
  • “International Search Report and Written Opinion”, Application No. PCT/US2016/034366, dated Nov. 17, 2016, 13 pages.
  • “International Search Report and Written Opinion”, Application No. PCT/US2016/029820, dated Jul. 15, 2016, 14 pages.
  • “International Search Report and Written Opinion”, Application No. PCT/US2016/055671, dated Dec. 1, 2016, 14 pages.
  • “International Search Report and Written Opinion”, Application No. PCT/US2016/030177, dated Aug. 2, 2016, 15 pages.
  • “International Search Report and Written Opinion”, PCT Application No. PCT/US2017/051663, dated Nov. 29, 2017, 16 pages.
  • “International Search Report and Written Opinion”, Application No. PCT/U52015/043963, dated Nov. 24, 2015, 16 pages.
  • “International Search Report and Written Opinion”, Application No. PCT/US2016/024289, dated Aug. 25, 2016, 17 pages.
  • “International Search Report and Written Opinion”, Application No. PCT/US2015/043949, dated Dec. 1, 2015, 18 pages.
  • “International Search Report and Written Opinion”, Application No. PCT/US2015/050903, dated Feb. 19, 2016, 18 pages.
  • “International Search Report and Written Opinion”, Application No. PCT/US2016/030115, dated Aug. 8, 2016, 18 pages.
  • “International Search Report and Written Opinion”, Application No. PCT/US2016/063874, dated May 11, 2017, 19 pages.
  • “International Search Report and Written Opinion”, Application No. PCT/US2016/033342, dated Oct. 27, 2016, 20 pages.
  • “Life:X Lifestyle eXplorer”, Retrieved from <https://web.archive.org/web/20150318093841/http://research.microsoft.com/en-us/projects/lifex >, Feb. 3, 2017, 2 pages.
  • “Non-Final Office Action”, U.S. Appl. No. 15/596,702, dated Jan. 4, 2019, 10 pages.
  • “Non-Final Office Action”, U.S. Appl. No. 16/153,395, dated Oct. 22, 2019, 10 Pages.
  • “Non-Final Office Action”, U.S. Appl. No. 15/286,837, dated Oct. 26, 2018, 10 pages.
  • “Non-Final Office Action”, U.S. Appl. No. 14/504,139, dated Jan. 27, 2017, 10 pages.
  • “Non-Final Office Action”, U.S. Appl. No. 14/959,799, dated Jan. 27, 2017, 10 pages.
  • “Non-Final Office Action”, U.S. Appl. No. 15/398,147, dated Mar. 9, 2017, 10 pages.
  • “Non-Final Office Action”, U.S. Appl. No. 16/843,813, dated Mar. 18, 2021, 12 pages.
  • “Non-Final Office Action”, U.S. Appl. No. 14/504,139, dated Oct. 18, 2017, 12 pages.
  • “Non-Final Office Action”, U.S. Appl. No. 15/287,155, dated Dec. 10, 2018, 12 pages.
  • “Non-Final Office Action”, U.S. Appl. No. 14/666,155, dated Feb. 3, 2017, 12 pages.
  • “Non-Final Office Action”, U.S. Appl. No. 15/424,263, dated May 23, 2019, 12 pages.
  • “Non-Final Office Action”, U.S. Appl. No. 16/669,842, dated Sep. 3, 2020, 12 pages.
  • “Non-Final Office Action”, U.S. Appl. No. 16/252,477, dated Jan. 10, 2020, 13 Pages.
  • “Non-Final Office Action”, U.S. Appl. No. 14/504,121, dated Jan. 9, 2017, 13 pages.
  • “Non-Final Office Action”, U.S. Appl. No. 14/809,901, dated May 24, 2018, 13 pages.
  • “Non-Final Office Action”, U.S. Appl. No. 14/959,730, dated Jun. 23, 2017, 14 pages.
  • “Non-Final Office Action”, U.S. Appl. No. 15/462,957, dated May 24, 2019, 14 pages.
  • “Non-Final Office Action”, U.S. Appl. No. 14/862,409, dated Jun. 22, 2017, 15 pages.
  • “Non-Final Office Action”, U.S. Appl. No. 14/930,220, dated Sep. 14, 2016, 15 pages.
  • “Non-Final Office Action”, U.S. Appl. No. 16/238,464, dated Mar. 7, 2019, 15 pages.
  • “Non-Final Office Action”, U.S. Appl. No. 15/286,512, dated Jul. 19, 2018, 15 pages.
  • “Non-Final Office Action”, U.S. Appl. No. 15/142,829, dated Aug. 16, 2018, 15 pages.
  • “Non-Final Office Action”, U.S. Appl. No. 14/720,632, dated Jun. 14, 2017, 16 pages.
  • “Non-Final Office Action”, U.S. Appl. No. 15/142,619, dated Aug. 25, 2017, 16 pages.
  • “Non-Final Office Action”, U.S. Appl. No. 14/959,799, dated Sep 8, 2017, 16 pages.
  • “Non-Final Office Action”, U.S. Appl. No. 14/715,454, dated Jan. 11, 2018, 16 pages.
  • “Non-Final Office Action”, U.S. Appl. No. 15/595,649, dated Oct. 31, 2017, 16 pages.
  • “Non-Final Office Action”, U.S. Appl. No. 14/504,139, dated Oct. 5, 2018, 16 pages.
  • “Non-Final Office Action”, U.S. Appl. No. 15/976,518, dated Nov. 25, 2020, 16 pages.
  • “Non-Final Office Action”, U.S. Appl. No. 14/518,863, dated Oct. 14, 2016, 16 pages.
  • “Non-Final Office Action”, U.S. Appl. No. 14/599,954, dated Jan. 26, 2017, 16 pages.
  • “Non-Final Office Action”, U.S. Appl. No. 16/822,601, dated Mar. 15, 2021, 17 pages.
  • “Non-Final Office Action”, U.S. Appl. No. 16/503,234, dated Mar. 18, 2021, 17 pages.
  • “Non-Final Office Action”, U.S. Appl. No. 14/862,409, dated Dec. 14, 2017, 17 pages.
  • “Non-Final Office Action”, U.S. Appl. No. 14/599,954, dated Feb. 2, 2016, 17 pages.
  • “Non-Final Office Action”, U.S. Appl. No. 15/287,253, dated Apr. 5, 2018, 17 pages.
  • “Non-Final Office Action”, U.S. Appl. No. 16/503,234, dated Aug. 5, 2020, 18 Pages.
  • “Non-Final Office Action”, U.S. Appl. No. 15/093,533, dated Aug. 24, 2017, 18 pages.
  • “Non-Final Office Action”, U.S. Appl. No. 15/142,689, dated Oct. 4, 2017, 18 pages.
  • “Non-Final Office Action”, U.S. Appl. No. 15/287,308, dated Oct. 15, 2018, 18 pages.
  • “Non-Final Office Action”, U.S. Appl. No. 15/286,537, dated Nov. 19, 2018, 18 pages.
  • “Non-Final Office Action”, U.S. Appl. No. 15/287,359, dated Jun. 26, 2020, 19 Pages.
  • “Non-Final Office Action”, U.S. Appl. No. 14/504,121, dated Jan. 2, 2018, 19 pages.
  • “Non-Final Office Action”, U.S. Appl. No. 15/287,359, dated Oct. 28, 2020, 19 pages.
  • “Non-Final Office Action”, U.S. Appl. No. 15/287,253, dated Sep. 7, 2018, 20 pages.
  • “Non-Final Office Action”, U.S. Appl. No. 14/518,863, dated Sep. 29, 2017, 20 pages.
  • “Non-Final Office Action”, U.S. Appl. No. 14/720,632, dated May 18, 2018, 20 pages.
  • “Non-Final Office Action”, U.S. Appl. No. 14/959,901, dated Jan. 8, 2018, 21 pages.
  • “Non-Final Office Action”, U.S. Appl. No. 15/596,702, dated Oct. 21, 2019, 21 Pages.
  • “Non-Final Office Action”, U.S. Appl. No. 15/704,825, dated Jun. 1, 2020, 22 Pages.
  • “Non-Final Office Action”, U.S. Appl. No. 15/791,044, dated Sep. 30, 2019, 22 Pages.
  • “Non-Final Office Action”, U.S. Appl. No. 14/959,901, dated Oct. 11, 2018, 22 pages.
  • “Non-Final Office Action”, U.S. Appl. No. 16/689,519, dated Oct. 20, 2020, 22 pages.
  • “Non-Final Office Action”, U.S. Appl. No. 14/504,038, dated Feb. 26, 2016, 22 pages.
  • “Non-Final Office Action”, U.S. Appl. No. 17/005,207, dated Apr. 1, 2021, 23 pages.
  • “Non-Final Office Action”, U.S. Appl. No. 14/312,486, dated Oct. 23, 2015, 25 pages.
  • “Non-Final Office Action”, U.S. Appl. No. 15/596,702, dated Aug. 19, 2020, 27 Pages.
  • “Non-Final Office Action”, U.S. Appl. No. 15/286,152, dated Oct. 19, 2018, 27 pages.
  • “Non-Final Office Action”, U.S. Appl. No. 15/286,537, dated Sep. 3, 2019, 28 Pages.
  • “Non-Final Office Action”, U.S. Appl. No. 15/704,615, dated Jun. 1, 2020, 29 Pages.
  • “Non-Final Office Action”, U.S. Appl. No. 15/267,181, dated Feb. 8, 2018, 29 pages.
  • “Non-Final Office Action”, U.S. Appl. No. 15/403,066, dated May 4, 2017, 31 pages.
  • “Non-Final Office Action”, U.S. Appl. No. 14/699,181, dated Oct. 18, 2017, 33 pages.
  • “Non-Final Office Action”, U.S. Appl. No. 14/504,038, dated Mar. 22, 2017, 33 pages.
  • “Non-Final Office Action”, U.S. Appl. No. 16/875,427, dated Oct. 5, 2021, 37 pages.
  • “Non-Final Office Action”, U.S. Appl. No. 15/287,394, dated Mar. 22, 2019, 39 pages.
  • “Non-Final Office Action”, U.S. Appl. No. 15/166,198, dated Feb. 21, 2019, 48 pages.
  • “Non-Final Office Action”, U.S. Appl. No. 15/398,147, dated Sep. 8, 2017, 7 pages.
  • “Non-Final Office Action”, U.S. Appl. No. 14/874,955, dated Feb. 8, 2018, 7 pages.
  • “Non-Final Office Action”, U.S. Appl. No. 14/681,625, dated Mar. 6, 2017, 7 pages.
  • “Non-Final Office Action”, U.S. Appl. No. 15/586,174, dated Jun. 18, 2018, 7 pages.
  • “Non-Final Office Action”, U.S. Appl. No. 14/504,061, dated Nov. 4, 2015, 8 pages.
  • “Non-Final Office Action”, U.S. Appl. No. 14/874,955, dated Feb. 27, 2017, 8 pages.
  • “Non-Final Office Action”, U.S. Appl. No. 14/513,875, dated Feb. 21, 2017, 9 pages.
  • “Non-Final Office Action”, U.S. Appl. No. 16/744,626, dated Sep. 23, 2020, 9 pages.
  • “Non-Final Office Action”, U.S. Appl. No. 14/582,896, dated Jan. 29, 2016, 9 pages.
  • “Non-Final Office Action”, U.S. Appl. No. 14/681,625, dated Aug. 12, 2016, 9 pages.
  • “Non-Final Office Action”, U.S. Appl. No. 14/666,155, dated Aug. 24, 2016, 9 pages.
  • “Non-Invasive Quantification of Peripheral Arterial Volume Distensibilitiy and its Non-Lineaer Relationship with Arterial Pressure”, Journal of Biomechanics, Pergamon Press, vol. 42, No. 8; as cited in the search report for PCT/US2016/013968 citing the whole document, but in particular the abstract, May 29, 2009, 2 pages.
  • “Notice of Allowability”, U.S. Appl. No. 16/560,085, dated Nov. 12, 2020, 2 pages.
  • “Notice of Allowance”, U.S. Appl. No. 16/744,626, dated Jan. 1, 2021, 10 pages.
  • “Notice of Allowance”, U.S. Appl. No. 16/238,464, dated Nov. 4, 2019, 10 Pages.
  • “Notice of Allowance”, U.S. Appl. No. 15/424,263, dated Nov. 14, 2019, 10 Pages.
  • “Notice of Allowance”, U.S. Appl. No. 15/287,394, dated Mar. 4, 2020, 11 Pages.
  • “Notice of Allowance”, U.S. Appl. No. 14/599,954, dated May 24, 2017, 11 pages.
  • “Notice of Allowance”, U.S. Appl. No. 16/153,395, dated Feb. 20, 2020, 13 Pages.
  • “Notice of Allowance”, U.S. Appl. No. 15/917,238, dated Aug. 21, 2019, 13 pages.
  • “Notice of Allowance”, U.S. Appl. No. 15/287,253, dated Aug. 26, 2019, 13 Pages.
  • “Notice of Allowance”, U.S. Appl. No. 15/286,512, dated Apr. 9, 2019, 14 pages.
  • “Notice of Allowance”, U.S. Appl. No. 14/312,486, dated Oct. 7, 2016, 15 pages.
  • “Notice of Allowance”, U.S. Appl. No. 16/401,611, dated Jun. 10, 2020, 17 Pages.
  • “Notice of Allowance”, U.S. Appl. No. 15/287,308, dated Jul. 17, 2019, 17 Pages.
  • “Notice of Allowance”, U.S. Appl. No. 14/504,038, dated Aug. 7, 2017, 17 pages.
  • “Notice of Allowance”, U.S. Appl. No. 15/403,066, dated Jan. 8, 2018, 18 pages.
  • “Notice of Allowance”, U.S. Appl. No. 15/287,200, dated Nov. 6, 2018, 19 pages.
  • “Notice of Allowance”, U.S. Appl. No. 15/286,152, dated Mar. 5, 2019, 23 pages.
  • “Notice of Allowance”, U.S. Appl. No. 16/356,748, dated Feb. 11, 2020, 5 Pages.
  • “Notice of Allowance”, U.S. Appl. No. 14/715,793, dated Jul. 6, 2018, 5 pages.
  • “Notice of Allowance”, U.S. Appl. No. 17/005,207, dated Jul. 14, 2021, 5 pages.
  • “Notice of Allowance”, U.S. Appl. No. 15/093,533, dated Jul. 16, 2020, 5 Pages.
  • “Notice of Allowance”, U.S. Appl. No. 15/286,495, dated Jan. 17, 2019, 5 pages.
  • “Notice of Allowance”, U.S. Appl. No. 15/595,649, dated Jan. 3, 2019, 5 pages.
  • “Notice of Allowance”, U.S. Appl. No. 14/715,793, dated Dec. 18, 2017, 5 pages.
  • “Notice of Allowance”, U.S. Appl. No. 14/666,155, dated Feb. 20, 2018, 5 pages.
  • “Notice of Allowance”, U.S. Appl. No. 14/582,896, dated Nov. 7, 2016, 5 pages.
  • “Notice of Allowance”, U.S. Appl. No. 15/703,511, dated Apr. 16, 2019, 5 pages.
  • “Notice of Allowance”, U.S. Appl. No. 15/586,174, dated Sep. 24, 2018, 5 pages.
  • “Notice of Allowance”, U.S. Appl. No. 15/287,359, dated Apr. 14, 2021, 7 pages.
  • “Notice of Allowance”, U.S. Appl. No. 14/513,875, dated Jun. 28, 2017, 7 pages.
  • “Notice of Allowance”, U.S. Appl. No. 14/666,155, dated Jul 10, 2017, 7 pages.
  • “Notice of Allowance”, U.S. Appl. No. 15/142,471, dated Aug. 6, 2020, 7 Pages.
  • “Notice of Allowance”, U.S. Appl. No. 16/389,402, dated Aug. 21, 2019, 7 Pages.
  • “Notice of Allowance”, U.S. Appl. No. 16/380,245, dated Sep. 15, 2020, 7 Pages.
  • “Notice of Allowance”, U.S. Appl. No. 15/976,518, dated Sep. 28, 2021, 7 pages.
  • “Notice of Allowance”, U.S. Appl. No. 14/874,955, dated Oct. 20, 2017, 7 pages.
  • “Notice of Allowance”, U.S. Appl. No. 14/504,061, dated Sep. 12, 2016, 7 pages.
  • “Notice of Allowance”, U.S. Appl. No. 14/494,863, dated May 30, 2017, 7 pages.
  • “Notice of Allowance”, U.S. Appl. No. 14/681,625, dated Jun. 7, 2017, 7 pages.
  • “Notice of Allowance”, U.S. Appl. No. 15/286,837, dated Mar. 6, 2019, 7 pages.
  • “Notice of Allowance”, U.S. Appl. No. 14/731,195, dated Apr. 24, 2019, 7 pages.
  • “Notice of Allowance”, U.S. Appl. No. 14/862,409, dated Jun. 6, 2018, 7 pages.
  • “Notice of Allowance”, U.S. Appl. No. 15/287,155, dated Jul. 25, 2019, 7 pages.
  • “Notice of Allowance”, U.S. Appl. No. 15/462,957, dated Jan. 23, 2020, 8 Pages.
  • “Notice of Allowance”, U.S. Appl. No. 15/791,044, dated Feb. 12, 2020, 8 Pages.
  • “Notice of Allowance”, U.S. Appl. No. 14/504,121, dated Jun. 1, 2021, 8 pages.
  • “Notice of Allowance”, U.S. Appl. No. 16/503,234, dated Jun. 11, 2021, 8 pages.
  • “Notice of Allowance”, U.S. Appl. No. 16/252,477, dated Jun. 24, 2020, 8 Pages.
  • “Notice of Allowance”, U.S. Appl. No. 16/843,813, dated Jun. 30, 2021, 8 pages.
  • “Notice of Allowance”, U.S. Appl. No. 15/362,359, dated Aug. 3, 2018, 8 pages.
  • “Notice of Allowance”, U.S. Appl. No. 17/148,374, dated Oct. 14, 2021, 8 pages.
  • “Notice of Allowance”, U.S. Appl. No. 16/560,085, dated Oct. 19, 2020, 8 pages.
  • “Notice of Allowance”, U.S. Appl. No. 14/681,625, dated Oct. 23, 2017, 8 pages.
  • “Notice of Allowance”, U.S. Appl. No. 14/874,955, dated Oct. 4, 2018, 8 pages.
  • “Notice of Allowance”, U.S. Appl. No. 15/398,147, dated Nov. 15, 2017, 8 pages.
  • “Notice of Allowance”, U.S. Appl. No. 16/669,842, dated Dec. 18, 2020, 8 pages.
  • “Notice of Allowance”, U.S. Appl. No. 14/959,730, dated Feb. 22, 2018, 8 pages.
  • “Notice of Allowance”, U.S. Appl. No. 15/142,829, dated Feb. 6, 2019, 8 pages.
  • “Notice of Allowance”, U.S. Appl. No. 14/930,220, dated Feb. 2, 2017, 8 pages.
  • “Notice of Allowance”, U.S. Appl. No. 15/352,194, dated Jun. 26, 2019, 8 pages.
  • “Notice of Allowance”, U.S. Appl. No. 15/595,649, dated Sep. 14, 2018, 8 pages.
  • “Notice of Allowance”, U.S. Appl. No. 16/563,124, dated Jul. 8, 2021, 9 pages.
  • “Notice of Allowance”, U.S. Appl. No. 15/343,067, dated Jul. 27, 2017, 9 pages.
  • “Notice of Allowance”, U.S. Appl. No. 16/822,601, dated Aug. 5, 2021, 9 pages.
  • “Notice of Allowance”, U.S. Appl. No. 16/689,519, dated Sep. 30, 2021, 9 pages.
  • “Notice of Allowance”, U.S. Appl. No. 16/356,748, dated Oct. 17, 2019, 9 Pages.
  • “Notice of Allowance”, U.S. Appl. No. 15/142,689, dated Oct. 30, 2018, 9 pages.
  • “Notice of Allowance”, U.S. Appl. No. 14/504,137, dated Feb. 6, 2019, 9 pages.
  • “Notice of Allowance”, U.S. Appl. No. 14/599,954, dated Mar. 15, 2018, 9 pages.
  • “Notice of Allowance”, U.S. Appl. No. 15/142,619, dated Aug. 13, 2018, 9 pages.
  • “Patent Board Decision”, U.S. Appl. No. 14/504,121, dated May 20, 20201, 9 pages.
  • “Philips Vital Signs Camera”, Retrieved From: <http://www.vitalsignscamera.com/> Apr. 15, 2015, Jul. 17, 2013, 2 pages.
  • “Pre-Interview Communication”, U.S. Appl. No. 15/287,359, dated Jul. 24, 2018, 2 pages.
  • “Pre-Interview Communication”, U.S. Appl. No. 16/380,245, dated Jun. 15, 2020, 3 Pages.
  • “Pre-Interview Communication”, U.S. Appl. No. 16/080,293, dated Jun. 25, 2020, 3 Pages.
  • “Pre-Interview Communication”, U.S. Appl. No. 14/513,875, dated Oct. 21, 2016, 3 pages.
  • “Pre-Interview Communication”, U.S. Appl. No. 15/142,471, dated Dec. 12, 2018, 3 pages.
  • “Pre-Interview Communication”, U.S. Appl. No. 14/715,793, dated Mar. 20, 2017, 3 pages.
  • “Pre-Interview Communication”, U.S. Appl. No. 14/715,454, dated Apr. 14, 2017, 3 pages.
  • “Pre-Interview Communication”, U.S. Appl. No. 15/343,067, dated Apr. 19, 2017, 3 pages.
  • “Pre-Interview Communication”, U.S. Appl. No. 16/401,611, dated Apr. 13, 2020, 4 Pages.
  • “Pre-Interview Communication”, U.S. Appl. No. 15/286,495, dated Sep. 10, 2018, 4 pages.
  • “Pre-Interview Communication”, U.S. Appl. No. 14/959,901, dated Feb. 10, 2017, 4 pages.
  • “Pre-Interview Communication”, U.S. Appl. No. 14/959,730, dated Feb. 15, 2017, 4 pages.
  • “Pre-Interview Communication”, U.S. Appl. No. 15/362,359, dated May 17, 2018, 4 pages.
  • “Pre-Interview Communication”, U.S. Appl. No. 15/703,511, dated Feb. 11, 2019, 5 pages.
  • “Pre-Interview Communication”, U.S. Appl. No. 14/494,863, dated Jan. 27, 2017, 5 pages.
  • “Pre-Interview Communication”, U.S. Appl. No. 15/917,238, dated May 1, 2019, 6 pages.
  • “Pre-Interview Communication”, U.S. Appl. No. 15/166,198, dated Mar. 8, 2018, 8 pages.
  • “Pre-Interview First Office Action”, U.S. Appl. No. 15/286,152, dated Feb. 8, 2018, 4 pages.
  • “Pre-Interview Office Action”, U.S. Appl. No. 14/862,409, dated Sep. 15, 2017, 16 pages.
  • “Pre-Interview Office Action”, U.S. Appl. No. 14/731,195, dated Dec. 20, 2017, 4 pages.
  • “Preliminary Report on Patentability”, PCT Application No. PCT/US2016/034366, dated Dec. 7, 2017, 10 pages.
  • “Preliminary Report on Patentability”, PCT Application No. PCT/US2016/030177, dated Oct. 31, 2017, 11 pages.
  • “Preliminary Report on Patentability”, PCT Application No. PCT/US2016/030115, dated Oct. 31, 2017, 15 pages.
  • “Preliminary Report on Patentability”, PCT Application No. PCT/US2016/030185, dated Nov. 9, 2017, 16 pages.
  • “Preliminary Report on Patentability”, Application No. PCT/US2016/065295, dated Jul. 24, 2018, 18 pages
  • “Preliminary Report on Patentability”, PCT Application No. PCT/US2016/042013, dated Jan. 30, 2018, 7 pages.
  • “Preliminary Report on Patentability”, PCT Application No. PCT/US2016/062082, dated Nov. 15, 2018, 8 pages.
  • “Preliminary Report on Patentability”, PCT Application No. PCT/US2016/055671, dated Apr. 10, 2018, 9 pages.
  • “Preliminary Report on Patentability”, PCT Application No. PCT/US2016/032307, dated Dec. 7, 2017, 9 pages.
  • “Pressure-Volume Loop Analysis in Cardiology”, retrieved from https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?t itle=Pressure-volume loop analysis in card iology&oldid=636928657 on Sep. 23, 2017; Obtained per link provided in search report from PCT/US2016/01398 dated Jul. 28, 2016, Dec. 6, 2014, 10 pages.
  • “Restriction Requirement”, U.S. Appl. No. 15/976,518, dated Jul. 9, 2020, 5 Pages.
  • “Restriction Requirement”, U.S. Appl. No. 15/362,359, dated Jan. 8, 2018, 5 pages.
  • “Restriction Requirement”, U.S. Appl. No. 14/666,155, dated Jul. 22, 2016, 5 pages.
  • “Restriction Requirement”, U.S. Appl. No. 15/462,957, dated Jan. 4, 2019, 6 pages.
  • “Restriction Requirement”, U.S. Appl. No. 16/563,124, dated Apr. 5, 2021, 7 pages.
  • “Restriction Requirement”, U.S. Appl. No. 15/352,194, dated Feb. 6, 2019, 8 pages.
  • “Restriction Requirement”, U.S. Appl. No. 15/286,537, dated Aug. 27, 2018, 8 pages.
  • “Samsung Galaxy S4 Air Gestures”, Video retrieved from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=375Hb87yGcg, May 7, 2013, 4 pages.
  • “Search Report”, GB Application No. 2007255.9, dated Jul. 6, 2020, 1 page.
  • “Textile Wire Brochure”, Retrieved at: http://www.textile-wire.ch/en/home.html, Aug. 7, 2004, 17 pages.
  • “The Dash smart earbuds play back music, and monitor your workout”, Retrieved from < http://newatlas.com/bragi-dash-tracking-earbuds/30808/>, Feb. 13, 2014, 3 pages.
  • “The Instant Blood Pressure app estimates blood pressure with your smartphone and our algorithm”, Retrieved at: http://www.instantbloodpressure.com/—on Jun. 23, 2016, 6 pages.
  • “Thermofocus No Touch Forehead Thermometer”, Technimed, Internet Archive. Dec. 24, 2014; https://web.archive.org/web/20141224070848/http://www.tecnimed.it:80/thermofocus-forehead-thermometer-H1N1-swine-flu.html, Dec. 24, 2018, 4 pages.
  • “Written Opinion”, PCT Application No. PCT/US2016/030185, dated Nov. 3, 2016, 15 pages.
  • “Written Opinion”, PCT Application No. PCT/US2017/032733, dated Jul 24, 2017, 5 pages.
  • “Written Opinion”, Application No. PCT/US2017/032733, dated Jul. 26, 2017, 5 pages.
  • “Written Opinion”, Application No. PCT/US2016/042013, dated Feb. 2, 2017, 6 pages.
  • “Written Opinion”, PCT Application No. PCT/US2016/060399, dated May 11, 2017, 6 pages.
  • “Written Opinion”, Application No. PCT/US2016/026756, dated Nov. 10, 2016, 7 pages.
  • “Written Opinion”, PCT Application No. PCT/US2016/055671, dated Apr. 13, 2017, 8 pages.
  • “Written Opinion”, Application No. PCT/US2016/065295, dated Apr. 13, 2018, 8 pages.
  • “Written Opinion”, PCT Application No. PCT/US2017/051663, dated Oct. 12, 2018, 8 pages.
  • “Written Opinion”, Application No. PCT/US2016/013968, dated Jul. 28, 2016, 9 pages.
  • “Written Opinion”, PCT Application No. PCT/US2016/030177, dated Nov. 3, 2016, 9 pages.
  • Amihood, Patrick M. et al., “Closed-Loop Manufacturing System Using Radar”, Technical Disclosure Commons; Retrieved from http://www.tdcommons.org/dpubs_series/464, Apr. 17, 2017, 8 pages.
  • Antonimuthu, “Google's Project Soli brings Gesture Control to Wearables using Radar”, YouTube[online], Available from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=czJfcgvQcNA as accessed on May 9, 2017; See whole video, especially 6:05-6:35,.
  • Arbabian, Amin et al., “A 94GHz mm-Wave to Baseband Pulsed-Radar for Imaging and Gesture Recognition”, Apr. 4, 2013, pp. 1055-1071.
  • Azevedo, Stephen et al., “Micropower Impulse Radar”, Science & Technology Review, Feb. 29, 1996, pp. 16-29, Feb. 29, 1996, 7 pages.
  • Badawy, Wael “System on Chip”, Section 1.1 “Real-Time Applications” Springer Science & Business Media 2003, 14 pages.
  • Balakrishnan, Guha et al., “Detecting Pulse from Head Motions in Video”, In Proceedings: CVPR '13 Proceedings of the Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, Jun. 23, 2013, 8 pages.
  • Bondade, Rajdeep et al., “A linear-assisted DC-DC hybrid power converter for envelope tracking RF power amplifiers”, 2014 IEEE Energy Conversion Congress and Exposition (ECCE), IEEE, Sep. 14, 2014, pp. 5769-5773, XP032680873, DOI: 10.1109/ECCE.2014.6954193, Sep. 14, 2014, 5 pages.
  • Cheng, Jingyuan “Smart Textiles: From Niche to Mainstream”, IEEE Pervasive Computing, Jul. 2013, pp. 81-84.
  • Couderc, Jean-Philippe et al., “Detection of Atrial Fibrillation using Contactless Facial Video Monitoring”, In Proceedings: Heart Rhythm Society, vol. 12, Issue 1 Available at: <http://www.heartrhythmjournal.com/article/S1547-5271(14)00924-2/pdf>, 7 pages.
  • Dias, T et al., “Capacitive Fibre-Meshed Transducer for Touch & Proximity Sensing Applications”, IEEE Sensors Journal, IEEE Service Center, New York, NY, US, vol. 5, No. 5, Oct. 1, 2005 (Oct. 1, 2005), pp. 989-994, XP011138559, ISSN: 1530-437X, DOI: 10.1109/JSEN.2005.844327, Oct. 1, 2005, 5 pages.
  • Duncan, David P. “Motion Compensation of Synthetic Aperture Radar”, Microwave Earth Remote Sensing Laboratory, Brigham Young University, Apr. 15, 2003, 5 pages.
  • Espina, Javier et al., “Wireless Body Sensor Network for Continuous Cuff-less Blood Pressure Monitoring”, International Summer School on Medical Devices and Biosensors, 2006, 5 pages.
  • Fan, Tenglong et al., “Wireless Hand Gesture Recognition Based on Continuous-Wave Doppler Radar Sensors”, IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques, Plenum, USA, vol. 64, No. 11, Nov. 1, 2016 (Nov. 1, 2016), pp. 4012-4012, XP011633246, ISSN: 0018-9480, DOI: 10.1109/TMTT.2016.2610427, Nov. 1, 2016, 9 pages.
  • Farringdon, Jonny et al., “Wearable Sensor Badge & Sensor Jacket for Context Awareness”, Third International Symposium on Wearable Computers, Sep. 2000, 7 pages.
  • Felch, Andrew et al., “Standard Radar API: Proposal Version 0.1”, Technical Disclosure Commons, Jan. 24, 2021, 18 pages.
  • Garmatyuk, Dmitriy S. et al., “Ultra-Wideband Continuous-Wave Random Noise Arc-SAR”, IEEE Transaction on Geoscience and Remote Sensing, vol. 40, No. 12, Dec. 2002, Dec. 2002, 10 pages.
  • Geisheimer, Jonathan L. et al., “A Continuous-Wave (CW) Radar for Gait Analysis”, IEEE 2001, 2001, 5 pages.
  • Godana, Bruhtesfa E. “Human Movement Characterization in Indoor Environment using GNU Radio Based Radar”, Nov. 30, 2009, 100 pages.
  • Guerra, Anna et al., “Millimeter-Wave Personal Radars for 3D Environment Mapping”, 48th Asilomar Conference on Signals, Systems and Computer, Nov. 2014, pp. 701-705.
  • Gürbüz, Sevgi Z. et al., “Detection and Identification of Human Targets in Radar Data”, Proc. SPIE 6567, Signal Processing, Sensor Fusion, and Target Recognition XVI, 656701, May 7, 2007, 12 pages.
  • He, David D. “A Continuous, Wearable, and Wireless Heart Monitor Using Head Ballistocardiogram (BCG) and Head Electrocardiogram (ECG) with a Nanowatt ECG Heartbeat Detection Circuit”, In Proceedings: Thesis, Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology Available at: <http://dspace.mit.edu/handle/1721.1/79221>, 137 pages.
  • Holleis, Paul et al., “Evaluating Capacitive Touch Input on Clothes”, Proceedings of the 10th International Conference on Human Computer Interaction, Jan. 1, 2008, 10 pages.
  • Holleis, Paul et al., “Evaluating Capacitive Touch Input on Clothes”, Proceedings of the 10th International Conference on Human Computer Interaction With Mobile Devices and Services, Jan. 1, 2008 (Jan. 1, 2008), p. 81, XP055223937, New York, NY, US DOI: 10.1145/1409240.1409250 ISBN: 978-1-59593-952-4, Jan. 1, 2008, 11 pages.
  • Hollington, Jessie “Playing back all songs on iPod”, retrieved at: https://www.ilounge.com/index.php/articles/comments/playing-back-all-songs-on-ipod, Aug. 22, 2008, 2 pages.
  • Ishijima, Masa “Unobtrusive Approaches to Monitoring Vital Signs at Home”, Medical & Biological Engineering and Computing, Springer, Berlin, DE, vol. 45, No. 11 as cited in search report for PCT/US2016/013968 dated Jul. 28, 2016, Sep. 26, 2007, 3 pages.
  • Karagozler, Mustafa E. et al., “Embedding Radars in Robots to Accurately Measure Motion”, Technical Disclosure Commons; Retrieved from http://www.tdcommons.org/dpubs_series/454, Mar. 30, 2017, 8 pages.
  • Klabunde, Richard E. “Ventricular Pressure—Volume Loop Changes in Valve Disease”, Retrieved From <https://web.archive.org/web/20101201185256/http://cvphysiology.com/Heart%20Disease/HD009.htm>, Dec. 1, 2010, 8 pages.
  • Kubota, Yusuke et al., “A Gesture Recognition Approach by using Microwave Doppler Sensors”, IPSJ SIG Technical Report, 2009 (6), Information Processing Society of Japan, Apr. 15, 2010, pp. 1-8, Apr. 15, 2010, 12 pages.
  • Lee, Cullen E. “Computing the Apparent Centroid of Radar Targets”, Sandia National Laboratories; Presented at the Proceedings of the 1996 IEEE National Radar Conference: Held at the University of Michigan, May 1996, 21 pages.
  • Lien, Jaime et al., “Embedding Radars in Robots for Safety and Obstacle Detection”, Technical Disclosure Commons; Retrieved from http://www.tdcommons.org/dpubs_series/455, Apr. 2, 2017, 10 pages.
  • Lien, Jaime et al., “Soli: Ubiquitous Gesture Sensing with Millimeter Wave Radar”, ACM Transactions on Graphics (TOG), ACM, US, vol. 35, No. 4, Jul. 11, 2016 (Jul. 11, 2016), pp. 1-19, XP058275791, ISSN: 0730-0301, DOI: 10.1145/2897824.2925953, Jul. 11, 2016, 19 pages.
  • Martinez-Garcia, Hermino et al., “Four-quadrant linear-assisted DC/DC voltage regulator”, Analog Integrated Circuits and Signal Processing, Springer New York LLC, US, vol. 88, No. 1, Apr. 23, 2016 (Apr. 23, 2016)pp. 151-160, XP035898949, ISSN: 0925-1030, DOI: 10.1007/S10470-016-0747-8, Apr. 23, 2016, 10 pages.
  • Matthews, Robert J. “Venous Pulse”, Retrieved at: http://www.rjmatthewsmd.com/Definitions/venous_pulse.htm—on Nov. 30, 2016, Apr. 13, 2013, 7 pages.
  • Nakajima, Kazuki et al., “Development of Real-Time Image Sequence Analysis for Evaluating Posture Change and Respiratory Rate of a Subject in Bed”, In Proceedings: Physiological Measurement, vol. 22, No. 3 Retrieved From: <http://iopscience.iop.org/0967-3334/22/3/401/pdf/0967-3334_22_3_401.pdf> Feb. 27, 2015, 8 pages.
  • Narasimhan, Shar “Combining Self- & Mutual-Capacitive Sensing for Distinct User Advantages”, Retrieved from the Internet: URL:http://www.designnews.com/author.asp?section_id=1365&doc_id=271356&print=yes [retrieved on Oct. 1, 2015], Jan. 31, 2014, 5 pages.
  • Otto, Chris et al., “System Architecture of a Wireless Body Area Sensor Network for Ubiquitous Health Monitoring”, Journal of Mobile Multimedia; vol. 1, No. 4, Jan. 10, 2006, 20 pages.
  • Palese, et al., “The Effects of Earphones and Music on the Temperature Measured by Infrared Tympanic Thermometer: Preliminary Results”, ORL—head and neck nursing: official journal of the Society of Otorhinolaryngology and Head-Neck Nurses 32.2, Jan. 1, 2013, pp. 8-12.
  • Patel, P C. et al., “Applications of Electrically Conductive Yarns in Technical Textiles”, International Conference on Power System Technology (POWECON), Oct. 30, 2012, 6 pages.
  • Poh, Ming-Zher et al., “A Medical Mirror for Non-contact Health Monitoring”, In Proceedings: ACM SIGGRAPH Emerging Technologies, Jan. 1, 2011, 1 page.
  • Poh, Ming-Zher et al., “Non-contact, Automated Cardiac Pulse Measurements Using Video Imaging and Blind Source Separation.”, In Proceedings: Optics Express, vol. 18, No. 10, May 7, 2010, 13 pages.
  • Pu, Qifan et al., “Gesture Recognition Using Wireless Signals”, Oct. 2014, pp. 15-18.
  • Pu, Qifan et al., “Whole-Home Gesture Recognition Using Wireless Signals”, MobiCom'13, Sep. 30-Oct. 4, Miami, FL, USA, Sep. 2013, 12 pages.
  • Pu, Qifan et al., “Whole-Home Gesture Recognition Using Wireless Signals”, MobiCom'13, Sep. 30-Oct. 4, Miami, FL, USA, 2013, 12 pages.
  • Pu, Qifan et al., “Whole-Home Gesture Recognition Using Wireless Signals”, Proceedings of the 19th annual international conference on Mobile computing & networking (MobiCom'13), US, ACM, Sep. 30, 2013, pp. 27-38, Sep. 30, 2013, 12 pages.
  • Pu, Quifan et al., “Whole-Home Gesture Recognition Using Wireless Signals”, MobiCom '13 Proceedings of the 19th annual international conference on Mobile computing & networking, Aug. 27, 2013, 12 pages.
  • Schneegass, Stefan et al., “Towards a Garment OS: Supporting Application Development for Smart Garments”, Wearable Computers, ACM, Sep. 13, 2014, 6 pages.
  • Skolnik, Merrill I. “CW and Frequency-Modulated Radar”, In: “Introduction to Radar Systems”, Jan. 1, 1981 (Jan. 1, 1981), McGraw Hill, XP055047545, ISBN: 978-0-07-057909-5 pp. 68-100, p. 95-p. 97, Jan. 1, 1981, 18 pages.
  • Stoppa, Matteo “Wearable Electronics and Smart Textiles: A Critical Review”, In Proceedings of Sensors, vol. 14, Issue 7, Jul. 7, 2014, pp. 11957-11992.
  • Wang, Wenjin et al., “Exploiting Spatial Redundancy of Image Sensor for Motion Robust rPPG”, In Proceedings: IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering, vol. 62, Issue 2, Jan. 19, 2015, 11 pages.
  • Wang, Yazhou et al., “Micro-Doppler Signatures for Intelligent Human Gait Recognition Using a UWB Impulse Radar”, 2011 IEEE International Symposium on Antennas and Propagation (APSURSI), Jul. 3, 2011, pp. 2103-2106.
  • Wijesiriwardana, R et al., “Capacitive Fibre-Meshed Transducer for Touch & Proximity Sensing Applications”, IEEE Sensors Journal, IEEE Service Center, Oct. 1, 2005, 5 pages.
  • Zhadobov, Maxim et al., “Millimeter-Wave Interactions with the Human Body: State of Knowledge and Recent Advances”, International Journal of Microwave and Wireless Technologies, p. 1 of 11. # Cambridge University Press and the European Microwave Association, 2011 doi:10.1017/51759078711000122, 2011.
  • Zhadobov, Maxim et al., “Millimeter-wave Interactions with the Human Body: State of Knowledge and Recent Advances”, International Journal of Microwave and Wireless Technologies, Mar. 1, 2011, 11 pages.
  • Zhang, Ruquan et al., “Study of the Structural Design and Capacitance Characteristics of Fabric Sensor”, Advanced Materials Research (vols. 194-196), Feb. 21, 2011, 8 pages.
  • Zheng, Chuan et al., “Doppler Bio-Signal Detection Based Time-Domain Hand Gesture Recognition”, 2013 IEEE MTT-S International Microwave Workshop Series on RF and Wireless Technologies for Biomedical and Healthcare Applications (IMWS-BIO), IEEE, Dec. 9, 2013 (Dec. 9, 2013), p. 3, XP032574214, DOI: 10.1109/IMWS-BIO.2013.6756200, Dec. 9, 2013, 3 Pages.
  • “Foreign Notice of Allowance”, KR Application No. 10-2021-7011901, dated Oct. 12, 2021, 3 pages.
  • “Foreign Office Action”, JP Application No. 2021-85256, dated Apr. 20, 2022, 6 pages.
  • “Notice of Allowance”, U.S. Appl. No. 17/361,824, dated Jun. 9, 2022, 9 pages.
  • “Final Office Action”, U.S. Appl. No. 17/023,122, dated Apr. 7, 2022, 12 pages.
  • “Non-Final Office Action”, U.S. Appl. No. 17/023,122, dated Jan. 24, 2022, 25 pages.
  • “Notice of Allowance”, U.S. Appl. No. 16/875,427, dated Feb. 22, 2022, 13 pages.
  • “Foreign Office Action”, JP Application No. 2021-85256, dated Nov. 15, 2022, 13 pages.
  • “Non-Final Office Action”, U.S. Appl. No. 17/119,312, dated Sep. 2, 2022, 6 pages.
  • “Non-Final Office Action”, U.S. Appl. No. 17/023,122, dated Sep. 16, 2022, 10 pages.
  • “Non-Final Office Action”, U.S. Appl. No. 17/500,747, dated Nov. 10, 2022, 32 pages.
  • “Non-Final Office Action”, U.S. Appl. No. 17/523,051, dated Nov. 10, 2022, 33 pages.
  • “Non-Final Office Action”, U.S. Appl. No. 17/488,015, dated Nov. 10, 2022, 47 pages.
  • “Foreign Office Action”, EP Application No. 16784352.3, dated Nov. 29, 2022, 5 pages.
  • “Notice of Allowance”, U.S. Appl. No. 17/119,312, dated Jan. 13, 2023, 5 pages.
Patent History
Patent number: 11592909
Type: Grant
Filed: Oct 20, 2021
Date of Patent: Feb 28, 2023
Patent Publication Number: 20220043519
Assignee: Google LLC (Mountain View, CA)
Inventors: Ivan Poupyrev (Los Altos, CA), Patrick M. Amihood (Palo Alto, CA)
Primary Examiner: Stephen G Sherman
Application Number: 17/506,605
Classifications
International Classification: G06F 3/01 (20060101); G06F 21/32 (20130101); G06F 3/0481 (20220101); G06F 16/245 (20190101); G06F 21/62 (20130101); G01S 7/41 (20060101); G01S 13/56 (20060101); G01S 13/86 (20060101); H04Q 9/00 (20060101); G06K 9/62 (20220101); G01S 13/88 (20060101); G06F 3/04815 (20220101); G01S 7/40 (20060101); H04W 4/80 (20180101); G06N 20/00 (20190101); H04W 16/28 (20090101); G01S 13/90 (20060101); G06V 20/64 (20220101); G06V 40/20 (20220101); A63F 13/21 (20140101); A63F 13/24 (20140101); G01S 13/66 (20060101); G08C 17/02 (20060101); G06T 7/73 (20170101); G01S 13/931 (20200101); G06F 1/16 (20060101); G06F 3/0484 (20220101); G01S 19/42 (20100101); G06F 3/0346 (20130101); G06F 3/16 (20060101);