Variable angle transducer interface block

A variable angle transducer interface block apparatus and related systems and methods are disclosed. The variable angle transducer interface block apparatus has an interface block having a mounting receiver. The interface block is positioned proximate to a material wall. A curved mounting structure is movably connected to the mounting receiver. A transducer is mounted on the curved mounting structure, wherein an angle of an acoustic signal transmitted by the transducer into the material wall is adjustable by movement of the curved mounting structure relative to the mounting receiver.

Skip to: Description  ·  Claims  ·  References Cited  · Patent History  ·  Patent History
Description
CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION

This application claims benefit of U.S. Provisional Application Ser. No. 63/120,602 filed Dec. 2, 2020 and titled “Variable Angle Transducer Interface Block”, the entire disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference.

FIELD OF THE DISCLOSURE

The present disclosure is generally related to acoustic transducer mounts and more particularly is related to a variable angle transducer interface block.

BACKGROUND OF THE DISCLOSURE

Acoustic transducers pass a sound wave into a material. The material can be gas, liquid or air, or some combination thereof. The sound waves are typically longitudinal, shear, or surface waves, and the acoustic waves reflect, refract or transmit at impedance boundaries. These boundaries usually occur when there are material changes along the path of the wave, such as a vessel wall containing a liquid material. When an acoustic wave propagates perpendicularly to an impedance boundary, then the wave may only reflect or transmit through the boundary. However, the environment gets much more complex when a wave contacts an impedance boundary at an angle. This complexity provides a wide variety of information back to a user. For example, the wave may refract, convert to a shear wave, convert to a surface wave, transmit at a new angle, or reflect.

When a return acoustic signal is analyzed, a user needs to ensure the wave traveled as expected in a material. This requires that the signal is inserted into the material at a fixed angle. Currently, acoustic waves are inserted into a material using fixed angle wedges. If a wedge angle is not correct for a desired analysis, then a user has limited options to insert the signal into the material.

Thus, a heretofore unaddressed need exists in the industry to address the aforementioned deficiencies and inadequacies.

SUMMARY OF THE DISCLOSURE

Embodiments of the present disclosure provide an apparatus, a system, and methods for variable angle transducer interface block. Briefly described, in architecture, one embodiment of the apparatus, among others, can be implemented as follows. The variable angle transducer interface block apparatus has an interface block having a mounting receiver. The interface block is positioned proximate to a material wall. A curved mounting structure is movably connected to the mounting receiver. A transducer is mounted on the curved mounting structure, wherein an angle of an acoustic signal transmitted by the transducer into the material wall is adjustable by movement of the curved mounting structure relative to the mounting receiver.

The present disclosure can also be viewed as providing methods of adjusting a propagation angle of an acoustic signal through a material. In this regard, one embodiment of such a method, among others, can be broadly summarized by the following steps: providing a transducer mounted on a curved mounting structure, the curved mounting structure movably connected to a mounting receiver of an interface block; positioning the interface block proximate to a material wall; transmitting, with the transducer, an initial acoustic signal through the interface block and the material wall, the initial acoustic signal having an initial propagation angle and an initial material propagation angle; determining the initial material propagation angle; rotating the transducer and the curved mounting structure within the mounting receiver; and transmitting, with the transducer, a subsequent acoustic signal through the interface block and the material wall, the subsequent acoustic signal having a subsequent material propagation angle different from the initial material propagation angle.

Other systems, methods, features, and advantages of the present disclosure will be or become apparent to one with skill in the art upon examination of the following drawings and detailed description. It is intended that all such additional systems, methods, features, and advantages be included within this description, be within the scope of the present disclosure, and be protected by the accompanying claims.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

Many aspects of the disclosure can be better understood with reference to the following drawings. The components in the drawings are not necessarily to scale, emphasis instead being placed upon clearly illustrating the principles of the present disclosure. Moreover, in the drawings, like reference numerals designate corresponding parts throughout the several views.

FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional illustration of a variable angle transducer interface block apparatus, in accordance with a first exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure.

FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional illustration of the variable angle transducer interface block apparatus with an angular transducer position, in accordance with the first exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure.

FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional illustration of the variable angle transducer interface block apparatus, in accordance with the first exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure.

FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional illustration of the variable angle transducer interface block apparatus with an angular transducer position, in accordance with the first exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure.

FIG. 5 is a top view illustration of the variable angle transducer interface block apparatus, in accordance with the first exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure.

FIGS. 6A-6D are perspective illustrations of exemplary curved mounting structures, in accordance with the first exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure.

FIGS. 7A-7D are perspective illustrations of exemplary interface blocks, in accordance with the first exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure.

FIG. 8 is a diagrammatic illustration of the variable angle transducer interface block apparatus in operation with a computer controller, in accordance with the first exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure.

FIG. 9 is a flow chart illustrating a method of adjusting a propagation angle of an acoustic signal through a material, in accordance with the first exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure.

 DETAILED DESCRIPTION

To improve upon the conventional devices used within the industry, the subject disclosure is directed to a variable angle transducer interface block which allows a transducer to have an easily variable angle relative to a material. While fixed angle wedges can be used for transmitting the acoustic signal in static positions at a given time, they have many shortcomings when the angle of transmission of the acoustic signal needs to be adjusted. For example, it is common for the desired angle of transmission to be varied depending on the material thickness, acoustic velocity in the material, impedance barrier, and similar criteria, such as temperature or density, where adjusting the angle of the transducer could be due to changes in temperature, which can change the density. The variable angle transducer interface block described herein is a device that allows a user to send an acoustic signal into a material at a variety of angles, which allows for detailed investigation of particles flowing through a material.

FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional illustration of a variable angle transducer interface block apparatus 10, in accordance with a first exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure. The variable angle transducer interface block apparatus 10, which may be referred to simply as ‘apparatus 10’, includes an interface block 20 having a mounting receiver 22. The interface block 20 is positioned proximate to a material wall 30. A curved mounting structure 40 is movably connected to the mounting receiver 22. A transducer 50 is mounted on the curved mounting structure 40, wherein an angle of an acoustic signal transmitted by the transducer 50 into the material wall 30 is adjustable by movement of the curved mounting structure 40 relative to the mounting receiver 22. As can be understood from FIG. 1, the apparatus 10 allows for mounting the transducer 50 to a material wall 30 in a way which allows the angular position of a signal emitted by the transducer 50 to be adjusted relative to the material wall 30. The wall 30 may include any shape, including flat or planar shapes, curved shapes, or other environmental conditions having material properties or shapes. In one example, the interface block 20 is a truncated pyramid or truncated circular pyramid, i.e., a truncated cone structure which is positioned connected to or proximate to the material wall 30, with flat or curved base matching the surface of the material wall 30 shape of the container in the place of attachment. The base or wide end of the interface block 20 is positioned near the material wall 30 while the narrow end or top of the interface block 20 is positioned distal from the material wall 30. The walls between the base and the top of the interface block 20 may be pitched at any suitable angle, giving the base any desired surface area. In one example, the walls may be pitched at a 65° angle relative to the normal position of the base of the interface block 20. Within the top of the interface block 20 is the mounting receiver 22, which in FIG. 1, is depicted as a hemispherical cavity which receives a correspondingly shaped hemispherical curved mounting structure 40. In one example, the transducer 50 may cover only small part of mounting structure 40 such that it can achieve wide angle range. In another example, the transducer 50 may have a wider base which can receive a signal from a larger area, thereby catching more of the reflected signal from the material wall 30 that is measured or the opposite wall of the container. This may increase its measurement capabilities, like accuracy and sensitivity, and others including measuring signals that are completely missed by relaying on the smaller base of the transduce 50 face, since it will effectively serve as an antenna.

The mated shapes of the curved mounting structure 40 and the mounting receiver 22 may include any type of shapes, such as true hemispherical, semi-hemispherical such as more or less than a hemisphere, curved, arched, or similar, including half pipe or half cylinder. In one example, the curved mounting structure 40 may have a volume and shape greater than a hemisphere but less than a whole sphere. The transducer 50 is then mounted to the exterior of the curved mounting structure 40, such that when the curved mounting structure 40 is angularly moved relative to the interface block 20, the angular orientation of the transducer 50 is adjusted. Additionally, the curved mounting structure 40 and the mounting receiver 22 may be manufactured from various materials, which may be adjusted for each application, such as to accommodate an expected temperature range or the measured material properties.

The interface block 20 and the curved mounting structure 40 may be made from any materials having suitable acoustic impedances for transmission of the acoustic signal into the material wall 30. This may include a single material for the interface block 20 and the curved mounting structure 40, a different material for each component, a combination of materials making up the interface block 20 or the curved mounting structure 40, and the like. For example, the material forming the interface block 20 can be formed from metals or non-metal materials, like glass, plastic, and the like. Similar, it is noted that the material wall 30 may be formed from any metal or non-metal material, and the material within the container having the wall 30 can include any substance, including fluids, liquids, gasses, solids, etc. When the material is a petroleum product, the detected material therein may include a sludge, paraffins, or sand gels.

The interface block 20 may have a first acoustic impedance, and the curved mounting structure 40 may have a second acoustic impedance. In one example, the interface block 20 and the curved mounting structure 40 may have the same acoustic impedance characteristics, i.e., may be made from the same material or from different materials having the same acoustic characteristics. In another example, the first and second acoustic impedances may be different from one another; for instance, the interface block 20 may have a higher impedance than the curved mounting structure 40, or vice-versa. In another example, the first and second acoustic impedances may differ from the acoustic impedance characteristics of the material wall.

While FIG. 1 illustrates the apparatus 10 in a baseline position, e.g., where the angle of the transducer 50 signal is substantially perpendicular to the planar shape of the material wall 30, the angular position of the transducer 50 can be adjusted as desired by the user. For example, FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional illustration of the variable angle transducer interface block apparatus 10 with an angular transducer 50 position, in accordance with the first exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure. As shown in FIG. 2, the transducer 50 is positioned at an angular position of approximately 22° relative to the baseline position shown in FIG. 1.

FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional illustration of the variable angle transducer interface block apparatus 10, in accordance with the first exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure. As shown in FIG. 3, a couplant 60 may be used as an interface between various components of the apparatus 10. The couplant 60 may be, for example, a paste, gel, or other material which reduces the impedance difference between the various components of the apparatus 10, and in particular, between the transducer 50 and the mounting structure 40. The couplant 60 may serve as a lubricant between the structures, in particular, the movement between the mounting structure 40 and the mounting receiver 22.

FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional illustration of the variable angle transducer interface block apparatus 10 with an angular transducer 50 position, in accordance with the first exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure. As shown in FIG. 4, the transducer 50 is positioned at an approximate angle of 22° relative to the material wall 30. In this position, the transducer 50 sends an acoustic signal 70 through the curved mounting structure 40, through the interface block 20, and into the material wall 30. The angle of the acoustic signal 70, i.e., the wave angle, can be varied in pitch, yaw, or roll by moving the transducer 50 in the same manner as a joystick. As understood herein, variation in pitch may be understood as rotation about the axis coming out of the page, i.e., rotation between the left and right sides of the drawings. Variation in yaw may be understood as rotation about the axis traveling the left and right sides of the page, i.e., rotation into and out of the page. Variation in roll may be understood as rotation about the axis extending perpendicular to the interface block, i.e., twisting within the mounting receiver. The angle of the acoustic signal 70 may be adjusted in any combination of directions.

The acoustic wave created from the transducer 50 and transmitted into the mounting structure 40 travels in a known direction, in that, the direction of the signal can be calculated and understood. Specifically, in the apparatus 10, the materials which form the interface block 20, the mounting structure 40 and the couplants 60, if used, all have acoustic properties which are known. With these material properties known, the acoustic wave propagation angle 72 into the interface block 20 can be calculated and verified experimentally, such that the apparatus 10 can be used to easily adjust the wave propagation angle 74 into the material 30 to optimize the angle needed for analysis of material 30. It is noted that the surface wall of the material 30 may have various shapes, including flat, curved, or otherwise, and the apparatus 10 may be adjusted to fit to the particular shape of the material 30 surface.

FIG. 5 is a top view illustration of the variable angle transducer interface block apparatus 10, in accordance with the first exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure. As shown in FIG. 5, the top view of the apparatus 10 illustrates how the transducer 50 adjustably mounts to the interface block 20 using a mounting structure (not shown).

With reference to FIGS. 1-5 together, it is noted that the transducer 50 may be attached to the curved mounting structure 40 in a variety of ways and with a variety of devices. For example, as noted previously, a couplant may be used as an interface between the structures, which improves the acoustic signal transmission, and which may act as a lubricant. The mounting structure 40 and the mounting receiver 22 may include various types of mechanical or electro-mechanical devices to facilitate the attachment and allow adjustability of the angle. For example, the mounting structure 40 and mounting receiver 22 may use a physical restraint, such as a guide or slot system, a magnetic restraint, or other, similar restraints. This may allow for any angular movement or adjustability to be achieved, including angles between 0° and 90° relative to the material 30 surface. It is noted that the curved mounting support 40 may include a ball which is hemispherical, substantially hemispherical, or similarly curved to any degree. The mounting support 40 may also be formed as a cylinder, such that it restricts the motion of adjustment of the transducer 50 to a single axis, e.g., pitch but not yaw. The mounting support 40 may be formed from any type of material or materials.

With regards to the interface block 20, it is noted that it may be attached to the material wall 30 with a couplant. The interface block may be circular, or it may have another shape. In one example, the interface block 20 may only extend less than 360 degrees to form a portion of a truncated pyramid or truncated cone (e.g. available angles may be reduced). The signal angle may be determined leaving interface block 20, as shown in FIG. 4 by reference number 74. The signal angle 74 entering the material wall may be determined by impedance difference between material wall 30 and interface block 20. The interface block 20 may be attached to the material wall with any type of attachment or structure, such as magnetic, threaded fastener, weld, adhesive or others. It is also possible to simply place the interface block 20 on the top surface of the material wall 30, such that no attachment is needed. The available outputs of the signal include shear, long, and/or surface (inner and/or outer wall of vessel).

The movement of the mounting structure 40 relative to the interface block 20 may be manual, automated, or semi-automated. For example, a servo motor or similar device may be used to adjust the angle remotely. In one example, the angle can be interactively controlled by signal processing unit which may include an AI processing component with learning capabilities. The transducer 50 and mounting structure 40 can move in pitch and yaw directions, or in the case of mounting structures 40 which are not spherical, it is possible to have movement in a roll direction. For instance, for non-circular transducers, the roll axis may be used by spinning the transducer 50 at a given angle. If automation is used to adjust the wave angle, the movement may be driven by various objectives, such as, for example, search patterns, feedback loops, closed loops or Artificial Intelligence (AI) driven movements, flaw locations, and/or the extent of flaws in the material 30. Additionally, the movement of the transducer 50 may be controlled at predetermined angles, which are marked in various ways, such as by notches or textual markings on the interface block 20 and/or the mounting structure 40. For instance, the notches or textual markings may indicate desired measurement angles commonly in use, or at regular intervals, for example at 10°, 15°, 20°, and so on.

It may be possible to study processes in real-time which lead to measured changes in the liquid properties and have some localization characteristic that can be traced. Many of the processes may have structural components that develop over time of various shapes and sizes they occur in many industries, for example, within the chemical, food, oil and gas, medical, water management, and other industries. In one example, with flow locations, it may be possible to scan large areas of a wall by simply changing the angle of the signal that is being sent, which may be used to determine even small flaws in the wall without moving the transmitter location. It may also be possible to scan in small locations, such as between a receiver and transmitter placed in the fixed locations.

It is noted that while one transducer is disclosed relative to FIGS. 1-5, it is possible to use multiple individually or in combination with each other, where the transducers have various sizes, various wavelengths, various shapes, etc. It is also possible to use multiple types of transducers such as piezo and/or EMAT. When multiple transducers 50 are used, they may be arranged in an array of transducers. The one or more transducers 50 may support beam forming, longitudinal and shear waves, and other parameters. It is noted that transmission of a wave through distinct materials may change the wave type, such as, transmitting a wave from metal to liquid may convert shear waves into longitudinal waves. Depending on the materials inside the container, frequencies may vary substantially. In one example, it may be possible to observe aspects of the material wall 30 of the structures and concentration within the container, or observe other parameters which are more relevant. Another category of operation is accuracy of the measurement. Depending on the material of the container wall and the fluid in the container, either shear waves or longitudinal waves may be used. In other cases, it may be necessary to change the angle of the signal and, instead of using fixed wedge, it may be possible to use a variable angle transducer which can be controlled remotely or autonomously depending on the parameters of the liquid inside the container. Since the outside conditions can change the parameters controlling the properties of transmission of ultrasound waves, the angle may need to be changed as well. Additionally, the wavelengths and order of transmission, as well as timing transmission patterns, may all vary due to the current conditions, like temperature and others and material properties, and their change over time.

The apparatus 10 may be used with a variety of techniques and be used in a variety of applications, all of which are considered within the scope of the present disclosure. With fine tuning of desired angles within a material wall, it is possible to record final angle for a fixed transducer angle emplacement and then determine the correct angle for refraction within a vessel. It is also noted that the desired acoustic signal angle may be fine-tuned or varied due to the temperature, since an impedance barrier value changes due to the density on both side of the barrier, and the densities are changing non-linearly so the angle of reflection may change. The apparatus 10 can also be used to characterize material flaws within a structure, such as a vessel used for holding fluids, such as a petroleum holding tank. To find the material flaws, the apparatus 10 determines extent of the flaws by scanning multiple input angles. Correct variations in refraction/reflection angles may be needed due to environmental variability. These correction variations may be manual, manual with feedback loop, automated search, automated feedback loop, AI driven feedback loop, and/or fine tuning of propagation angle to support signal boost. It is also possible to adjust the number of reflections in a vessel for changes in material and accuracy. For example, it is possible to increase and/or decrease the number of bounces used in an acoustic flowmeter. Increase bounces may provide greater accuracy, whereas decrease bounces may provide a greater signal at the receiver.

FIGS. 6A-6D are perspective illustrations of exemplary curved mounting structures 81-84, in accordance with the first exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure. FIG. 6A shows a curved mounting structure 81 having a hemispherical shape as discussed above. The hemispherical curved mounting structure 81 may rotate about pitch, yaw, and roll directions within a corresponding mounting receiver 22. FIG. 6B shows a curved mounting structure 82 having a partial hemispherical shape. This may allow the curved mounting structure 82 to rotate partially about a pitch and/or yaw direction. The mounting receiver 22 corresponding with the partial hemispherical shape may have a hemispherical shape generally. In the example shown in FIG. 6B, the curved mounting structure 82 is a quarter sphere, which may allow partial rotation in one direction of up to about 90 degrees. It should be understood that other partial hemispherical shapes are included within the scope of this disclosure, and these shapes may restrict rotation in one or more directions according to their shapes.

FIG. 6C illustrates a curved mounting structure 83 hemicylindrical shape. The hemicylindrical curved mounting structure 83 may rotate about a pitch direction within a corresponding mounting receiver 22. A partial hemicylindrical shape may also be used, where the curved mounting structure 83 is more or less than a true hemicylinder. FIG. 6D shows a curved mounting structure 84 having a partial hemicylindrical shape. This may allow the curved mounting structure 84 to rotate partially about the pitch direction within a hemispherical mounting receiver 22. In the example shown in FIG. 6D, the curved mounting structure 84 is a quarter cylinder, which may allow partial rotation in a pitch direction of up to about 90 degrees. It should be understood that other partial cylindrical shapes are included within the scope of this disclosure, and these shapes may restrict rotation accordingly.

FIGS. 7A-7D are perspective illustrations of exemplary interface blocks 85-88, in accordance with the first exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure. For ease of illustration, the interface blocks 85-88 are not shown with mounting receivers 22. However, it should be understood that each interface block 85-88 may include a mounting receiver 22 as described above.

FIG. 7A shows an interface block 85 having a truncated cone shape. FIG. 7B shows an interface block 86 having a truncated quadrilateral pyramid shape. In one example, the sides of the truncated pyramid may have even length, as a square or parallelogram. In another example, the sides may have different lengths, as a rectangle, rhombus, or trapezoid. FIG. 7C shows an interface block 87 having a truncated hexagonal shape. FIG. 7D shows an interface block 88 having a truncated octagonal shape. It should be understood that the interface blocks 85-88 herein are offered as examples. Any suitable three-dimensional shape may be used for the interface block 20.

FIG. 8 is a diagrammatic illustration of the variable angle transducer interface block apparatus 10 in operation with a computer controller, in accordance with the first exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure. The apparatus 10 may understood with reference to, and may include all of the components described relative to, FIGS. 1-7D, above, including the interface block 20, mounting receiver 22, curved mounting structure 40, and transducer 50. The apparatus 10 may be positioned against or proximate to a material wall 30.

A motor 90, which may be a servo motor, piezo-electric motor, or any other suitable type of component to control and induce motion, may be in communication with the apparatus 10. In one example, the motor 90 may be in communication with the curved mounting structure 40, as shown in FIG. 8, or with the transducer 50 directly, as may be understood by one of skill in the art. The motor 90 may be mounted in a suitable location on the apparatus 10. Movement of the motor 90 may cause the position of the curved mounting structure 40 and transducer 50 to be adjusted in any combination of pitch, yaw, and roll directions, depending on the curved mounting structure 40 and the type of motor used. The motor 90 may include any typical and necessary components for operation, including an electrical power supply, mounting hardware, and the like.

In one example, a processor 94 may be in communication with the motor 90 across an electrical connection 96. The processor 94 may be any suitable processor having any suitable architecture and operating characteristics, including microcontrollers, microprocessors, embedded processors, multi-core processors, processor arrays, remote and cloud processors, and the like. The processor 94 may include any typical and necessary components for operation, such as a power supply, computer-readable memory, user interface software or hardware, network communications hardware, and the like. The processor 94 may be configured to control the movement of the transducer 50 by operating the motor 90 to adjust the position of the curved mounting structure 40. Computer software may allow a user to operate the motor 90 through a user interface. In one example, the processor 94 may be configured to adjust the angle of the acoustic signal according to a feedback loop, flaw location parameters, and flaw extent parameters.

FIG. 9 is a flow chart 100 illustrating a method of adjusting a propagation angle of an acoustic signal through a material, in accordance with the first exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure. It should be noted that any process descriptions or blocks in flow charts should be understood as representing modules, segments, portions of code, or steps that include one or more instructions for implementing specific logical functions in the process, and alternate implementations are included within the scope of the present disclosure in which functions may be executed out of order from that shown or discussed, including substantially concurrently or in reverse order, depending on the functionality involved, as would be understood by those reasonably skilled in the art of the present disclosure.

Step 102 includes providing a transducer mounted on a curved mounting structure, the curved mounting structure movably connected to a mounting receiver of an interface block. In one example, the mounting receiver may be shaped as a hemispherical cavity within a top end of the interface block. The shape of the curved mounting structure may correspond to the hemispherical cavity shape of the mounting receiver such that the curved mounting structure and the mounting receiver are engageable to fit together. In another example, the mounting receiver may be shaped as a hemicylindrical cavity within the top end of the interface block. The shape of the curved mounting structure may correspond to the hemicylindrical cavity shape of the mounting receiver. Depending on the shape of the mounting receiver and the curved mounting structure, the transducer and the curved mounting structure may be rotatable along any of a pitch axis, a yaw axis, and a roll axis.

In one example, the curved mounting structure may include a flat top surface. The surface area of the flat top surface may be larger than or equal to the surface area of the transducer, i.e., the mounted side of the transducer may fit completely onto the flat top surface of the curved mounting structure. This may allow the curved mounting structure an uninhibited range of rotation without the transducer contacting the sides of the interface block. In another example, the receiver of the mounting structure may be sized smaller than the curved mounting structure, such that only a radial portion of the curved mounting structure can contact the curved interior surface of the receiver. This may allow the transducer to have a wider range of motion, due to a wider spatial clearance between the receiver and the transducer.

Step 104 includes positioning the interface block proximate to a material wall. In one example, the interface block may be positioned in direct contact with the material wall. In another example, the interface block and the material wall may be placed in contact with a couplant material to ensure acoustic transfer.

Step 106 includes transmitting, with the transducer, an initial acoustic signal through the interface block and the material wall, the initial acoustic signal having an initial propagation angle and an initial material propagation angle.

Step 108 includes determining the initial material propagation angle. The initial material propagation angle may be determined by calculating the initial propagation angle of the initial acoustic signal through the interface block, based on the position and orientation of the transducer on the curved mounting structure, and correlating it with differences in the acoustic impedances of the curved mounting structure, the interface block, the material wall, and any couplants if used. In one example, the angular propagation of the acoustic signal may be based on additional factors such as the relative temperatures of the components, the frequency or wavelength of the initial acoustic signal, and other material properties.

Step 110 includes rotating the transducer and the curved mounting structure within the mounting receiver. In one example, the transducer and the curved mounting structure may be rotated manually. In another example, a motor may be in communication with the transducer and/or the curved mounting structure to rotate the transducer and the curved mounting structure. The motor may be operated by physical controls, such as buttons, switches, dials, and the like, or by digital controls. In one example, the digital controls may be operated by a processor in communication with the motor. The processor may be configured to control the movement of the transducer by operating the motor to adjust the position of the curved mounting structure. Computer software may allow a user to operate the motor through a user interface. In one example, the processor may be configured to adjust the angle of the acoustic signal according to a feedback loop, flaw location parameters, and flaw extent parameters.

Step 112 includes transmitting, with the transducer, a subsequent acoustic signal through the interface block and the material wall, the subsequent acoustic signal having a subsequent material propagation angle different from the initial material propagation angle. The subsequent propagation angle may be determined using the same procedure described in Step 108. The subsequent acoustic signal may propagate at an angle different from the initial acoustic signal through the material wall, which may in turn cause the subsequent acoustic signal to interact with a different aspect of the material wall.

In one example, the process may be repeated through one or more iterative processes to determine a desired propagation angle for a fixed transducer angle emplacement, to determine an optimal angle for acoustic refraction within the material wall, or to discover other angles having desired properties. In another example, the process may be repeated to discover and characterize material flaws in the material wall. For instance, the initial and subsequent acoustic signals may be received by an acoustic sensor, which may record the intensity and other wave characteristics of the acoustic signals. The acoustic sensor may be in electrical communication with a processor configured to analyze the received acoustic signals. Data recorded by the acoustic sensor and processor may be analyzed to determine the location, type, size, and extent of flaws in the material. In another example, the initial and subsequent acoustic signals may be received and analyzed to determine variations in refraction or reflection angles at the material wall interface caused by environmental conditions. In still another example, the initial and subsequent acoustic signals may be received and analyzed to measure and optimize the number of bounces in the material.

While the disclosure herein has described the subject invention with acoustic waves, it may be possible, in certain circumstances, to use other types of waves in place of acoustic waves. For instance, it may be possible in some situations to use any non-intrusive and non-destructive wave form, such as radiological, optical, magnetic, or others.

It should be emphasized that the above-described embodiments of the present disclosure, particularly, any “preferred” embodiments, are merely possible examples of implementations, merely set forth for a clear understanding of the principles of the disclosure. Many variations and modifications may be made to the above-described embodiment(s) of the disclosure without departing substantially from the spirit and principles of the disclosure. All such modifications and variations are intended to be included herein within the scope of this disclosure and the present disclosure and protected by the following claims.

Claims

1. A variable angle transducer interface block apparatus comprising:

an interface block having a mounting receiver, the interface block positioned proximate to a material wall;
a curved mounting structure movably connected to the mounting receiver, wherein the mounting receiver is shaped as a hemispherical cavity within a top end of the interface block;
a transducer mounted on the curved mounting structure, wherein an angle of an acoustic signal transmitted by the transducer into the material wall is adjustable by movement of the curved mounting structure relative to the mounting receiver; and
a motor in communication with the curved mounting structure to adjust the angle of the acoustic signal.

2. The variable angle transducer interface block apparatus of claim 1, wherein the interface block is shaped as a truncated cone having a base and a top end, wherein the base is positioned proximate to the material wall, and wherein the top end comprises the mounting receiver.

3. The variable angle transducer interface block apparatus of claim 1, wherein the interface block is in direct contact with the material wall.

4. The variable angle transducer interface block apparatus of claim 1, further comprising a couplant material between the interface block and at least one from the set of: the material wall and the curved mounting structure.

5. The variable angle transducer interface block apparatus of claim 1, wherein a shape of the curved mounting structure corresponds to the hemispherical cavity shape of the mounting receiver.

6. The variable angle transducer interface block apparatus of claim 1, wherein the curved mounting structure comprises a flat top surface, and wherein a surface area of the flat top surface is at least as large as a surface area of the transducer mounted on the curved mounting structure.

7. The variable angle transducer interface block apparatus of claim 1, further comprising an array of transducers mounted on the curved mounting structure, wherein the transducers are configured to generate at least one from the set of: beam formed waves, longitudinal acoustic waves, and shear acoustic waves.

8. The variable angle transducer interface block apparatus of claim 1, further comprising a processor in communication with the motor and configured to control the motor, thereby adjusting the angle of the acoustic signal.

9. The variable angle transducer interface block apparatus of claim 8, wherein the angle of the acoustic signal is adjusted according to one from the set of: a search pattern, a feedback loop, flaw location parameters, flaw extent parameters, a temperature change at an impedance barrier, and without adjusting a position or angle of a receiving transducer.

10. The variable angle transducer interface block apparatus of claim 1, wherein the transducer is a piezo transducer or an EMAT transducer.

11. A method of adjusting a propagation angle of an acoustic signal through a material, comprising the following steps:

providing a transducer mounted on a curved mounting structure, the curved mounting structure movably connected to a mounting receiver of an interface block, wherein the mounting receiver is shaped as a hemispherical cavity within a top end of the interface block, and wherein a shape of the curved mounting structure corresponds to the hemispherical cavity shape of the mounting receiver;
positioning the interface block proximate to a material wall;
transmitting, with the transducer, an initial acoustic signal through the interface block and the material wall, the initial acoustic signal having an initial propagation angle and an initial material propagation angle;
determining the initial material propagation angle;
rotating the transducer and the curved mounting structure within the mounting receiver using a motor in communication with the curved mounting structure to adjust at least one of the initial propagation angle or the initial material propagation angle of the initial acoustic signal; and
transmitting, with the transducer, a subsequent acoustic signal through the interface block and the material wall, the subsequent acoustic signal having a subsequent material propagation angle different from the initial material propagation angle.

12. The method of claim 11, wherein the transducer and curved mounting structure are rotatable along at least one from the set of: a pitch axis, a yaw axis, and a roll axis.

13. The method of claim 11, wherein the curved mounting structure comprises a flat top surface, and wherein a surface area of the flat top surface is at least as large as a surface area of the transducer mounted on the curved mounting structure.

Referenced Cited
U.S. Patent Documents
2449054 September 1948 Chantlin
3019650 February 1962 Worswick
3703829 November 1972 Dougherty
3837218 September 1974 Flambard et al.
3971962 July 27, 1976 Green
4065958 January 3, 1978 Krylova et al.
4118983 October 10, 1978 Braznikov
4121468 October 24, 1978 Glover et al.
4182177 January 8, 1980 Prough
4280126 July 21, 1981 White
4320659 March 23, 1982 Lynnworth et al.
4326173 April 20, 1982 Newman
4501146 February 26, 1985 Greenhalgh
4580448 April 8, 1986 Skrgatic
4596266 June 24, 1986 Kinghom et al.
4599892 July 15, 1986 Doshi
4676098 June 30, 1987 Erlenkämper et al.
4852416 August 1, 1989 Boone
4934191 June 19, 1990 Kroening et al.
4954997 September 4, 1990 Dieulesaint et al.
4977780 December 18, 1990 Machida
5015995 May 14, 1991 Holroyd
5038611 August 13, 1991 Weldon et al.
5040415 August 20, 1991 Barkhoudarian
5148700 September 22, 1992 King
5195058 March 16, 1993 Simon
5295120 March 15, 1994 McShane
5325727 July 5, 1994 Miller et al.
5415033 May 16, 1995 Maresca, Jr. et al.
5438868 August 8, 1995 Holden et al.
5453944 September 26, 1995 Baumoel
5460046 October 24, 1995 Maltby et al.
5469749 November 28, 1995 Shimada et al.
5604314 February 18, 1997 Grahn
5770806 June 23, 1998 Hiismaki
5821427 October 13, 1998 Byrd
5836192 November 17, 1998 Getman et al.
6035903 March 14, 2000 Few et al.
6151956 November 28, 2000 Takahashi et al.
6157894 December 5, 2000 Hess et al.
6192751 February 27, 2001 Stein et al.
6330831 December 18, 2001 Lynnworth et al.
6354147 March 12, 2002 Gysling et al.
6368281 April 9, 2002 Solomon
6443006 September 3, 2002 Degrave
6470744 October 29, 2002 Usui et al.
6481287 November 19, 2002 Ashworth et al.
6513385 February 4, 2003 Han
6575043 June 10, 2003 Huang et al.
6578424 June 17, 2003 Ziola
6631639 October 14, 2003 Dam et al.
6672163 January 6, 2004 Han et al.
6691582 February 17, 2004 Nawa et al.
6836734 December 28, 2004 Rojas et al.
6925868 August 9, 2005 Young et al.
6938488 September 6, 2005 Diaz et al.
7085391 August 1, 2006 Yamaya
7114375 October 3, 2006 Panetta et al.
7246522 July 24, 2007 Diaz et al.
7299136 November 20, 2007 DiFoggio et al.
7330797 February 12, 2008 Bailey et al.
7359803 April 15, 2008 Gysling et al.
7363174 April 22, 2008 Kishiro et al.
7430924 October 7, 2008 Gysling et al.
7437946 October 21, 2008 Gysling
7624650 December 1, 2009 Gysling et al.
7624651 December 1, 2009 Fernald et al.
7656747 February 2, 2010 Mandal et al.
7694570 April 13, 2010 Dam et al.
7757560 July 20, 2010 Hofmann
7962293 June 14, 2011 Gysling
7966882 June 28, 2011 Greenwood
8249829 August 21, 2012 Vass et al.
8346491 January 1, 2013 Loose et al.
8482295 July 9, 2013 Sadri et al.
8683882 April 1, 2014 Jackson
8820182 September 2, 2014 Nikolay Nikolov et al.
8850882 October 7, 2014 Qu et al.
8915145 December 23, 2014 Van Orsdol
9057677 June 16, 2015 Field
9383476 July 5, 2016 Trehan et al.
9557208 January 31, 2017 Kuroda et al.
9772311 September 26, 2017 Liljenberg et al.
9816848 November 14, 2017 Raykhman et al.
9891085 February 13, 2018 Muhammad et al.
10122051 November 6, 2018 Kuhne et al.
10458871 October 29, 2019 Norli
10794871 October 6, 2020 Blackshire
11020793 June 1, 2021 De Monte et al.
11047721 June 29, 2021 Schöb et al.
11274952 March 15, 2022 Bober et al.
11293791 April 5, 2022 Firouzi et al.
11536696 December 27, 2022 Bivolarsky et al.
20020170753 November 21, 2002 Clare
20020173230 November 21, 2002 Mayes
20040035208 February 26, 2004 Diaz et al.
20040079150 April 29, 2004 Breed et al.
20040173021 September 9, 2004 Lizon et al.
20040226615 November 18, 2004 Morikawa et al.
20050055136 March 10, 2005 Hofmann et al.
20050128873 June 16, 2005 LaBry
20050178198 August 18, 2005 Freger et al.
20050247070 November 10, 2005 Arshansky et al.
20060196224 September 7, 2006 Esslinger
20070001028 January 4, 2007 Gysling
20070068248 March 29, 2007 Freger et al.
20070068253 March 29, 2007 Carodiskey
20070157737 July 12, 2007 Gysling et al.
20070205907 September 6, 2007 Schenk, Jr.
20080092623 April 24, 2008 Lynch et al.
20080101158 May 1, 2008 Hosseini et al.
20090143681 June 4, 2009 Jurvelin et al.
20100111133 May 6, 2010 Yuhas et al.
20100199779 August 12, 2010 Liu et al.
20100218599 September 2, 2010 Young et al.
20100242593 September 30, 2010 Lagergren et al.
20110029262 February 3, 2011 Barkhouse
20110072904 March 31, 2011 Lam et al.
20110120218 May 26, 2011 Aldridge
20110239769 October 6, 2011 Schmitt et al.
20110271769 November 10, 2011 Kippersund et al.
20110284288 November 24, 2011 Sawyer et al.
20120024067 February 2, 2012 Oberdoerfer
20120055239 March 8, 2012 Sinha
20120173169 July 5, 2012 Skelding
20120222471 September 6, 2012 Raykhman et al.
20120259560 October 11, 2012 Woltring et al.
20120262472 October 18, 2012 Garr et al.
20120265454 October 18, 2012 Rudd et al.
20120281096 November 8, 2012 Gellaboina et al.
20130002443 January 3, 2013 Breed et al.
20130068027 March 21, 2013 Sullivan et al.
20130080081 March 28, 2013 Dugger et al.
20130090575 April 11, 2013 Rupp et al.
20130120155 May 16, 2013 Hagg
20130128035 May 23, 2013 Johns et al.
20130213714 August 22, 2013 Fuida
20140020478 January 23, 2014 Ao et al.
20140027455 January 30, 2014 Castellano et al.
20140076415 March 20, 2014 Dunki-Jacobs et al.
20140107435 April 17, 2014 Sharf
20140223992 August 14, 2014 Harper et al.
20140301902 October 9, 2014 Fernald et al.
20140375169 December 25, 2014 Na
20150075278 March 19, 2015 Dockendorff et al.
20150198471 July 16, 2015 Furlong et al.
20150212045 July 30, 2015 Raykhman et al.
20150247751 September 3, 2015 Kutlik et al.
20150260003 September 17, 2015 McHugh et al.
20150276463 October 1, 2015 Milne et al.
20150369647 December 24, 2015 Kumar et al.
20160025545 January 28, 2016 Saltzgiver et al.
20160041024 February 11, 2016 Reimer et al.
20160108730 April 21, 2016 Fanini et al.
20160146653 May 26, 2016 Skelding
20160169839 June 16, 2016 Gottlieb et al.
20160216141 July 28, 2016 Leaders et al.
20160265954 September 15, 2016 Bachmann et al.
20160320226 November 3, 2016 Schaefer et al.
20170002954 January 5, 2017 Brown et al.
20170010144 January 12, 2017 Lenner et al.
20170010145 January 12, 2017 Lenner et al.
20170010146 January 12, 2017 Kassubek et al.
20170059389 March 2, 2017 Moore et al.
20170082650 March 23, 2017 Hies et al.
20170087526 March 30, 2017 Luharuka
20170102095 April 13, 2017 Kunita et al.
20170097322 April 6, 2017 Giese et al.
20170199295 July 13, 2017 Mandal
20170202595 July 20, 2017 Shelton, IV
20170239741 August 24, 2017 Furuta
20170268915 September 21, 2017 Gestner et al.
20170309989 October 26, 2017 Waelde et al.
20180035603 February 8, 2018 Kremmer et al.
20180044159 February 15, 2018 Crouse et al.
20180080809 March 22, 2018 Tokarev et al.
20180113663 April 26, 2018 Jain
20180149505 May 31, 2018 Ploss et al.
20180266874 September 20, 2018 Montoya et al.
20180299317 October 18, 2018 Truong et al.
20180306628 October 25, 2018 Parrott et al.
20180348169 December 6, 2018 Lee
20190011304 January 10, 2019 Cunningham et al.
20190063984 February 28, 2019 Bowley
20190078927 March 14, 2019 Takayama et al.
20190137310 May 9, 2019 Xiao
20190154480 May 23, 2019 Schöb et al.
20190195629 June 27, 2019 Vaissiere
20190195830 June 27, 2019 Tamura et al.
20190272496 September 5, 2019 Moeller
20190368908 December 5, 2019 Aughton et al.
20200018628 January 16, 2020 Head et al.
20200182736 June 11, 2020 Kim et al.
20200195449 June 18, 2020 Obaidi
20200378283 December 3, 2020 Zhang et al.
20200378812 December 3, 2020 Heim
20200378818 December 3, 2020 Heim et al.
20210382014 December 9, 2021 Xu
20220034850 February 3, 2022 Zhang et al.
20220178879 June 9, 2022 Bivolarsky et al.
20220178881 June 9, 2022 Bivolarsky et al.
Foreign Patent Documents
204944617 January 2016 CN
105333925 February 2016 CN
105548370 May 2016 CN
105548370 May 2016 CN
10 2010 029 254 December 2011 DE
2450701 May 2012 EP
2962096 August 2019 EP
2192717 January 1990 GB
2000314651 November 2000 JP
2013140029 July 2013 JP
200174618 March 2000 KR
200174618 March 2000 KR
WO 87/04793 August 1987 WO
WO-8809895 December 1988 WO
WO9010849 September 1990 WO
WO 2007/149605 December 2007 WO
WO2008079202 July 2008 WO
WO 2014/167471 October 2014 WO
WO 2020/136945 July 2020 WO
Other references
  • Amjad, Umar et al, “Advanced signal processing technique for damage detection in steel tubes” Proceedings of SPIE, Health Monitoring of Structural and Biological Systems, 2016, 980511 (Apr. 1, 2016);14 pgs.
  • Amjad, Umar et al. “Change in time-of-flight of longitudinal (axisymmetric) wave modes due to lamination in steel pipes” Proceedings of SPIE vol. 8695, Health Monitoring of Structural and Biological Systems 2013, 869515 (Apr. 17, 2013); 10 pgs.
  • Amjad, Umar et al., “Effects of transducers on guided wave based structural health monitoring” Proceedings of SPIE, vol. 10600, Health Monitoring of Structural and Biological Systems XII, 106000F (Apr. 23, 2018),10 pgs.
  • Amjad, U. et al., “Generalized representations and universal aspects of Lamb wave dispersion relations” Proceedings of SPIE, vol. 7650, Health Monitoring of Structural and Biological Systems 2010, 76502F (Apr. 8, 2010), 9 pgs.
  • Amjad, Umar et al., “Detection and quantification of pipe damage from change in time of flight and phase” Ultrasoncis vol. 62 (2015) pp. 223-236, Jun. 11, 2015, 14 pgs.
  • Amjad, Umar et al., “Detection and quantification of diameter reduction due to corrosion in reinforcing steel bars” Structural Health Monitoring 2015, vol. 14(5) 532-543, 12 pgs.
  • Amjad, Umar et al., “Detection and quantification of delamination in laminated plates from the phase of appropriate guided wave modes” Optical Engineering 55(1), Jan. 2016, 11 pgs.
  • API: American Petroleum Institute Preliminary Program, Oct. 16-17, 2019, 5 pages.
  • Gurkov, Andrey “Gigantic Druzhba oil pipeline paralyzed for weeks” May 7, 2019, 3 pages, https://www.dw.com/en/gigantic-druzhba-oil-pipeline-paralyzed-for-weeks/a-48638989.
  • Hassanzadeh et al., “Investigation of factors affecting on viscosity reduction of sludge from Iranian crude oil storage tanks”, Petroleum Science, vol. 15, Jul. 2018, pp. 634-643.
  • Kak et al., “Principles of Computerized Tomographic Imaging”, IEEE, 1988, Chapter 2, 48 pgs.
  • Luck, Marissa “Deer Park fire a ‘blemish’ for the petrochemical industry's image” Houston Chronicle, Mar. 26, 2019, 3 pages https://www.houstonchronicle.com/business/energy/article/Deer-Park-fire-a-blemish-for-the-image-of-13717661.php.
  • Pandey, “Ultrasonic attenuation in condensed matter”, Dissertation for V.B.S. Purvanchal University, 2009, Chapter 1, 36 pgs.
  • Pluta et al., “Stress Dependent Dispersion Relations of Acoustic Waves Travelling on a Chain of Point Masses Connected by Anharmonic Linear and Torsional Springs” International Congress on Ultrasonics AIP Conf. Proc. 1433, 471-474 (2012); 5 pgs.
  • Shelke, et al., “Mode-Selective Excitation and Detection of Ultrasonic Guided Waves for Delamination Detection in Laminated Aluminum Plates” IEEE Transactions on Ultrasonics, Ferroelectrics, and Frequency Control, vol. 58, No. 3, Mar. 2011, 11 pgs.
  • “TOPS Terminal Operating Practices Symposium” Program Agenda, Apr. 11, 2018, 1 page.
  • Zadler, et al., “Resonant Ultrasound Spectroscopy: theory and application”, Geophysical Journal International, vol. 156, Issue 1, Jan. 2004, pp. 154-169.
  • Examination Report No. 1 issued in Australian Application No. 2020283140 dated Jan. 4, 2022, 6 pgs.
  • International Search Report and Written Opinion issued in PCT/US20/35404, dated Aug. 24, 2020, 11 pages.
  • Examination Report No. 1 issued in Australian Patent Application No. 2020302919, dated Feb. 15, 2022, 4 pgs.
  • International Search Report and Written Opinion issued in PCT/US20/39966, dated Sep. 18, 2020, 13 pages.
  • International Preliminary Report on Patentability issued in PCT/US20/35404 dated Nov. 16, 2021, 8 pgs.
  • International Preliminary Report on Patentability issued in PCT/US20/39966 dated Dec. 28, 2021, 10 pgs.
  • Notice of Allowance issued in Application U.S. Appl. No. 16/888,469, dated Dec. 23, 2020, 16 pgs.
  • Notice of Allowance issued in Application U.S. Appl. No. 17/148,122 dated Jun. 16, 2021, 8 pgs.
  • Notice of Allowance issued in Application U.S. Appl. No. 16/914,092 dated Oct. 28, 2021, 14 pgs.
  • Office Action issued in Canadian Patent Application No. 3,140,008, dated Feb. 14, 2022, 4 pgs.
  • Office Action issued in Application U.S. Appl. No. 16/888,469, dated Aug. 5, 2020, 8 pages.
  • Office Action issued in Application U.S. Appl. No. 16/888,469, dated Sep. 8, 2020, 20 pages.
  • Office Action issued in Application U.S. Appl. No. 16/914,092, dated Nov. 10, 2020, 22 pgs.
  • Office Action issued in Application U.S. Appl. No. 16/914,092, dated Mar. 1, 2021, 25 pgs.
  • Office Action issued in Application U.S. Appl. No. 16/914,092, dated Jun. 24, 2021, 24 pgs.
  • Office Action issued in Application U.S. Appl. No. 17/148,122, dated Mar. 2, 2021, 26 pgs.
  • U.S. Appl. No. 17/543,152, filed Dec. 6, 2021, Bivolarsky et al.
  • U.S. Appl. No. 17/542,461, filed Dec. 5, 2021, Bivolarsky et al.
  • International Search Report and Written Opinion issued in PCT/US21/61962 dated Feb. 16, 2022, 9 pgs.
  • International Search Report and Written Opinion issued in PCT/US21/61924 dated Feb. 16, 2022, 9 pgs.
  • International Search Report and Written Opinion issued in PCT/US21/62010 dated Feb. 16, 2022, 9 pgs.
  • International Search Report and Written Opinion issued in PCT/US21/61970 dated Feb. 18, 2022, 17 pgs.
  • International Search Report and Written Opinion issued in PCT/US21/61925 dated Feb. 18, 2022, 9 pgs.
  • International Search Report and Written Opinion issued in PCT/US21/61646 dated Feb. 25, 2022, 9 pgs.
  • International Search Report and Written Opinion issued in PCT/US21/65664 dated Mar. 11, 2022, 9 pgs.
  • International Search Report and Written Opinion issued in PCT/US21/62001 dated Mar. 9, 2022, 9 pgs.
  • International Search Report and Written Opinion issued in PCT/US21/61926 dated Mar. 8, 2022, 9 pgs.
  • Notice of Acceptance issued in Australian Application No. 2020302919 dated Mar. 2, 2022, 4 pgs.
  • Notice of Acceptance issued in Australian Application No. 2020283140 dated Mar. 30, 2022, 4 pgs.
  • Notice of Allowance issued in Canadian Application No. 3,140,008 dated May 5, 2022, 1 pg.
  • Office Action issued in Australian Patent Application No. 2020283140, dated Mar. 18, 2022, 5 pgs.
  • Office Action issued in Application U.S. Appl. No. 17/543,200, dated Mar. 9, 2022, 8 pages.
  • Office Action issued in Application U.S. Appl. No. 17/542,461, dated Mar. 10, 2022, 18 pages.
  • Office Action issued in Application U.S. Appl. No. 17/542,465, dated Mar. 11, 2022, 22 pages.
  • Office Action issued in Application U.S. Appl. No. 17/542,872, dated Mar. 17, 2022, 21 pages.
  • Office Action issued in Application U.S. Appl. No. 17/566,020, dated Mar. 18, 2022, 20 pages.
  • Office Action issued in Application U.S. Appl. No. 17/543,152, dated Apr. 19, 2022, 17 pages.
  • Office Action issued in Application U.S. Appl. No. 17/542,814, dated Apr. 25, 2022, 21 pages.
  • Vermeersch, “Influence of substrate thickness on thermal impedance of microelectronic structures”, Microelectronics Reliability, 47, 2007, pp. 437-443.
  • U.S. Appl. No. 17/540,021, filed Dec. 1, 2021, Heim et al.
  • U.S. Appl. No. 17/543,152, filed Dec. 3, 2021, Bivolarsky et al.
  • U.S. Appl. No. 17/542,814, filed Dec. 6, 2021, Bivolarsky et al.
  • U.S. Appl. No. 17/542,461, filed Dec. 5, 2021, Burcham et al.
  • U.S. Appl. No. 17/542,465, filed Dec. 5, 2021, Bivolarsky et al.
  • U.S. Appl. No. 17/542,872, filed Dec. 6, 2021, Bivolarsky et al.
  • U.S. Appl. No. 17/543,200, filed Dec. 6, 2021, Bivolarsky et al.
  • U.S. Appl. No. 17/542,462, filed Dec. 5, 2021, Bivolarsky et al.
  • U.S. Appl. No. 17/566,020, filed Dec. 30, 2021, Bivolarsky et al.
  • U.S. Appl. No. 17/746,622, filed May 17, 2021, Bivolarsky et al.
  • U.S. Appl. No. 17/746,640, filed May 17, 2021, Bivolarsky et al.
  • Office Action issued in U.S. Appl. No. 17/542,462, dated May 27, 2022, 28 pages.
  • Office Action issued in U.S. Appl. No. 17/542,461, dated Jun. 27, 2022, 13 pages.
  • Office Action issued in U.S. Appl. No. 17/566,020, dated Jul. 12, 2022, 20 pages.
  • Office Action issued in U.S. Appl. No. 17/543,200, dated Jul. 20, 2022, 25 pages.
  • Office Action issued in U.S. Appl. No. 17/746,622, dated Jul. 22, 2022, 19 pages.
  • Office Action issued in U.S. Appl. No. 17/746,640, dated Aug. 18, 2022, 19 pages.
  • Notice of Allowance issued in U.S. Appl. No. 17/542,465, dated Jul. 11, 2022, 18 pages.
  • Notice of Allowance issued in U.S. Appl. No. 17/542,872, dated Jul. 11, 2022, 13 pages.
  • Notice of Allowance issued in U.S. Appl. No. 17/543,152, dated Jul. 29, 2022, 16 pages.
  • Office Action issued in U.S. Appl. No. 17/542,814, dated Aug. 26, 2022, 22 pages.
  • Office Action issued in U.S. Appl. No. 17/540,021, dated Sep. 15, 2022, 40 pages.
  • Office Action issued in U.S. Appl. No. 17/542,462, dated Nov. 14, 2022, 11 pgs.
  • Office Action issued in U.S. Appl. No. 17/566,020, dated Nov. 14, 2022, 21 pgs.
  • Notice of Allowance issued in U.S. Appl. No. 17/542,461, dated Oct. 12, 2022, 9 pages.
  • Notice of Allowance issued in U.S. Appl. No. 17/543,200, dated Nov. 3, 2022, 16 pages.
  • Notice of Allowance issued in U.S. Appl. No. 17/746,622, dated Nov. 8, 2022, 16 pages.
  • Notice of Allowance issued in U.S. Appl. No. 17/540,021, dated Mar. 6, 2023, 10 pgs.
  • Office Action issued in U.S. Appl. No. 17/542,462, dated Mar. 17, 2023, 11 pgs.
  • Office Action issued in U.S. Appl. No. 17/566,020, dated Apr. 3, 2023, 20 pgs.
  • Office Action issued in U.S. Appl. No. 17/542,814, dated Apr. 6, 2023, 17 pgs.
  • Supplementary Partial EP Search Report issued in EP20 813 097,1, dated Jan. 13, 2023, 16 pgs.
  • Office Action issued in U.S. Appl. No. 18/109,022, dated Feb. 13, 2023, 18 pgs.
  • International Search Report and Written Opinion issued in PCT/US23/12923 dated May 3, 2023, 9 pgs.
  • Supplementary European Search Report issued in EP Application No. 20 813 097.1, dated May 24, 2023, 20 pgs.
  • Office Action issued in U.S. Appl. No. 18/111,376, dated Jun. 15, 2023, 28 pgs.
  • Supplementary Partial European Search Report issued in EP Application No. 20 832 739.5, dated May 25, 2023, 16 pgs.
Patent History
Patent number: 11729537
Type: Grant
Filed: Dec 2, 2021
Date of Patent: Aug 15, 2023
Patent Publication Number: 20220174380
Assignee: PERCEPTIVE SENSOR TECHNOLOGIES, INC. (Tucson, AZ)
Inventors: James M. Heim (Tucson, AZ), William Coleman (Tucson, AZ), Lazar Bivolarsky (Cupertino, CA), Joel D. Burcham (Huntsville, AL)
Primary Examiner: Oyesola C Ojo
Application Number: 17/541,036
Classifications
Current U.S. Class: 177/311
International Classification: H04R 1/02 (20060101); H04R 1/32 (20060101); G01N 29/24 (20060101);