Multi-pulse LIDAR system for multi-dimensional detection of objects
A multipulse LIDAR system, including: a transmitting device for generating a transmission laser beam from a temporal sequence of single laser pulses; a receiving device with a detection surface, including a subdetector system made up of multiple subdetectors, for receiving the transmission laser beam that is reflected/scattered on objects in an observation area, the receiving device imaging a sampling point on the detection surface in the form of a pixel; a scanning device generating a scanning movement for successive sampling of the observation area along multiple sampling points situated in succession, the scanning movement to image a pixel on the detection surface, in each case shifted along the subdetector system; and a control device for determining distance information of the sampling points based on propagation times of the particular single laser pulses, the control device grouping subdetectors to form a macropixel individually associated with the particular pixel, for shared evaluation.
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The present invention relates to a multipulse LIDAR system for multidimensional detection of objects in an observation area of the multipulse LIDAR system. Moreover, the present invention relates to a method for multidimensional detection of objects in an observation area with the aid of such a multipulse LIDAR system.
BACKGROUND INFORMATIONLIDAR systems are used, among other things, for detecting objects in the surroundings of vehicles. Such a LIDAR system scans its surroundings with the aid of pulsed or time-modulated laser radiation, the light radiation that is emitted by a laser source of the LIDAR system being reflected or scattered on objects in the surroundings and once again received in the LIDAR system with the aid of a detector. During the scanning, the laser beam is successively moved along a scanning direction, and the objects situated in the observation area in question are detected. The relative position of a detected object in relation to the vehicle is ascertained via the corresponding angle of the laser beam and the distance information ascertained with the aid of propagation time measurement of the single laser pulses. The LIDAR system may be designed in the form of a single-pulse LIDAR system or a multipulse LIDAR system. A single-pulse LIDAR system samples each sampling point with the aid of a single laser pulse in each case. A particularly high lateral resolution may thus be achieved. However, the system requires single laser pulses having relatively high laser power, for which reason a correspondingly powerful laser source is required. In contrast, much less laser power is used in the multipulse LIDAR system, in which a sampling point is sampled with the aid of multiple low-power single laser pulses in quick succession. Summing the individual measurements results in a suitable detector signal with a satisfactory signal-to-noise ratio. However, one disadvantage of this method is a reduction in the lateral resolution resulting from summing the individual measurements over a relatively large angular range, and accompanying “smearing” of the detector signal.
SUMMARYAn object of the present invention, therefore, is to provide a laser-based detection method for objects which operates according to the principle of a multipulse LIDAR system and therefore manages with relatively low laser power, and at the same time allows a relatively high lateral resolution. This object may be achieved by a multipulse LIDAR system according to example embodiments of the present invention. Moreover, the object may be achieved by a method in accordance with example embodiments of the present invention. Further advantageous specific embodiments are described herein.
According to the present invention, a multipulse LIDAR system for detecting objects in an observation area is provided. In accordance with an example embodiment of the present invention, the LIDAR system includes a transmitting device with at least one laser source for generating a transmission laser beam from a temporal sequence of single laser pulses, each of which illuminates a detection area that is limited to a portion of the observation area and samples at least one sampling point. In addition, the LIDAR system includes a receiving device with a detection surface, including a linear or matrix-like subdetector system made up of multiple subdetectors, adjacently situated in a first direction of extension, for receiving the transmission laser beam, in the form of a reception laser beam, that is reflected and/or scattered on objects in the observation area of the multipulse LIDAR system. The receiving device is designed to image a sampling point, detected by the transmission laser beam, on the detection surface in the form of a pixel. In addition, the LIDAR system includes a scanning device for generating a scanning movement of the transmission laser beam in a scanning direction for successive sampling of the entire observation area along multiple sampling points situated in succession in the scanning direction. The scanning movement of the transmission laser beam, for single laser pulses in chronological succession, is designed to image a pixel on the detection surface, in each case shifted along the linear or matrix-like subdetector system. Lastly, the LIDAR system includes a control device for determining distance information of the sampling points based on propagation times of the particular single laser pulses, the control device being designed to jointly evaluate subdetectors, which are detected from a pixel that is instantaneously imaged on the detection surface, in the form of a macropixel that is individually associated with the particular pixel. Due to the option for individually associating subdetectors with a macropixel, the position of the particular macropixel may be optimally adapted to the position of the pixel that represents the imaging of the particular sampling point on the detection surface. Optimal use may thus be made of the measuring energy of the particular sampling point.
In one specific embodiment of the present invention, it is provided that the control device is also designed to adapt the position of a macropixel on the detection surface by regrouping corresponding subdetectors subsequent to the shift, caused by the scanning movement, of the pixel associated with the particular macropixel on the detection surface. Optimal use may thus be made of the measuring energy and measuring time for the particular sampling point over multiple individual measurements.
In another specific embodiment of the present invention, it is provided that the transmitting device is designed to generate a transmission laser beam whose single laser pulses each illuminate a solid angle with at least two sampling points. The receiving device is designed to represent the two sampling points in the sampling range, instantaneously illuminated by the transmission laser beam, in the form of two pixels that are adjacently situated on the detection surface and that are shifted along the linear or matrix-like subdetector system due to the scanning movement. In addition, the control device is designed to group subdetectors, instantaneously detected by a first pixel of the two pixels, together to form a first macropixel that is associated with the first pixel, and to group subdetectors, instantaneously detected by a second pixel of the two pixels, together to form a second macropixel that is associated with the second pixel. The measuring time for each of the two sampling points is increased due to the joint sampling of multiple sampling points. More measuring energy is thus available for each sampling, thereby improving the signal-to-noise ratio.
According to another specific embodiment of the present invention, control device 130 is designed to associate subdetectors, which are detected by the first pixel in a first individual measurement that takes place with the aid of a first single laser pulse, and by the second pixel in a second individual measurement that takes place with the aid of a second single laser pulse immediately following the first single laser pulse, with the first macropixel for the first individual measurement, and with the second macropixel for the subsequent second individual measurement. Optimal use is thus made of the detection surface.
In another specific embodiment of the present invention, it is provided that the transmitting device includes multiple laser sources whose detection areas are mutually orthogonal with respect to the scanning direction. The detection surface for each laser source includes a subdetector system that is individually associated with the particular laser source, the subdetector systems being mutually orthogonal with respect to the scanning direction. The vertical resolution of the LIDAR system may be increased in this way.
Moreover, according to the present invention, a method for multidimensional detection of objects in an observation area with the aid of a multipulse LIDAR system is provided. In accordance with an example embodiment of the present invention, a transmission laser beam in the form of a temporal sequence of single laser pulses is generated in a first method step, the transmission laser beam with each single laser pulse illuminating a detection area that is limited to a subsection of the observation area and that samples at least one sampling point. A scanning movement of the transmission laser beam in a scanning direction is subsequently generated, resulting in successive sampling of the entire observation area at multiple successive sampling points in the scanning direction. A reception laser beam that is generated by reflection and/or scattering of the transmission laser beam on objects in the observation area is subsequently received on a detection surface that includes a linear or matrix-like subdetector system made up of multiple subdetectors adjacently situated in a first direction of extension, a sampling point on the detection surface, instantaneously detected by the transmission laser beam, being imaged in the form of a pixel that is successively shifted along the linear or matrix-like subdetector system due to the scanning movement of the transmission laser. Subdetectors whose positions correspond to the instantaneous position of the pixel are subsequently grouped to form a macropixel that is individually associated with the particular pixel. Lastly, the subdetectors associated with the particular macropixel are jointly evaluated. Due to the option for individually grouping subdetectors to form a macropixel, the position of the particular macropixel may be optimally adapted to the position of the pixel that represents the imaging of the particular sampling point on the detection surface. Optimal use may thus be made of the measuring energy for the particular sampling point.
In one specific embodiment of the present invention, it is provided that the signals, measured in multiple individual measurements for a certain macropixel, of the subdetectors associated with the particular macropixel in these individual measurements are jointly associated with a histogram that is associated with the particular macropixel. The measuring time made up of the individual measurements is thus evaluated jointly, which in particular results in a better signal-to-noise ratio.
In another specific embodiment of the present invention, it is provided that the position of a macropixel on the detection surface is successively adapted by regrouping corresponding subdetectors subsequent to a shift of the pixel on the detection surface, associated with the particular macropixel, that is caused by the scanning movement. Optimal use may thus be made of the measuring energy and measuring time of the particular sampling point over multiple individual measurements.
In another specific embodiment of the present invention, it is provided that multiple sampling points are simultaneously detected during an individual measurement, subdetectors that are detected by a first pixel that is generated by a first sampling point on the detection surface being associated with a first macropixel that is individually associated with the first sampling point. In addition, subdetectors that are detected by a second pixel that is formed by a second sampling point on the detection surface are associated with a second macropixel that is individually associated with the second sampling point. The measuring time for each of the two sampling points is increased due to the joint sampling of multiple sampling points. More measuring energy is thus available for each sampling, thereby improving the signal-to-noise ratio.
Lastly, in another specific embodiment of the present invention, it is provided that subdetectors that are detected by the first pixel during a first individual measurement and detected by the second pixel in a second individual measurement that takes place with the aid of a second single laser pulse immediately following the first single laser pulse are associated with the first macropixel for the first individual measurement, and with the second macropixel for the subsequent second individual measurement. Particularly optimal use is thus made of the detection surface, which also allows a particularly flexible measurement.
Example embodiments of the present invention is described in greater detail below with reference to the figures.
The present invention makes possible a multipulse LIDAR system or macroscanner system which, despite use of multiple pulses for a measurement, achieves the same lateral resolution as a single-pulse LIDAR system. Since in a multipulse LIDAR system, a measurement is made up of multiple single pulses in order to improve the measuring accuracy or due to the use of special detectors or measuring principles (SPAD/TCSPC), the resolution of the system is limited for the measurement without suitable compensation for the angular difference between the emission of the first and the last single laser pulse.
To avoid this limitation, a row or an array made up of multiple small detectors or subdetectors is used instead of a single detector for receiving the measuring pulses. The rotational or scanning movement may be compensated for by suitably combining or grouping the subdetectors to form macropixels. The speed of the regrouping of the subdetectors results directly from the rotational speed of the sensor. The lateral resolution capability of such a design then corresponds to the resolution capability of a single-pulse approach. In addition, due to the parallel association of the single laser pulses with adjacent macropixels, no measuring energy or measuring time is lost.
In the LIDAR system according to an example embodiment of the present invention, an arrangement of multiple small detectors situated in a linear or matrix-like manner is used instead of a single detector for receiving individual measuring pulses. The rotational movement of the sensor head may be compensated for by suitably combining or regrouping these subdetectors to form larger macropixels. The speed of this regrouping of the subdetectors results directly from the rotational speed of the sensor. The lateral resolution capability of such a design corresponds to a single-pulse approach. Likewise, due to parallel association of the pulses with adjacent macropixels, no measuring energy or measuring time is lost. Detectors that operate according to various measuring principles, for example single photon avalanche photodiode (SPAD) or time-correlated single photon counting (TCSPC), may be used as subdetectors.
In the present exemplary embodiment, sensor head 101 also includes an optical imaging device 150. This may involve, for example, one or multiple optical lens element(s) with the aid of which laser beams 210, 220 are shaped in the desired manner. In addition, as is the case in the present exemplary embodiment, sensor head 101 may include a beam splitter 121 for superimposing or separating transmission laser beams and reception laser beams 210, 220. Such an optical beam splitter 121 may be designed in the form of a semitransparent mirror, for example.
As also shown in
During operation of LIDAR system 100, each laser source of transmitting device 110 generates a dedicated transmission laser beam 210 in the form of a temporal sequence of brief single laser pulses. With each single laser pulse, transmission laser beam 210 illuminates a solid angle that defines detection area 310 of the particular single laser pulse, and that typically represents only a relatively small section of overall observation area 300 of LIDAR system 100. Sampling of overall observation area 300 is achieved only by rotating scanning movement 122 and the accompanying successive shift of detection areas 310 of successive single laser pulses.
As shown in
The regrouping of subdetectors, via which a shift of the macropixels on the detection surface, and thus a compensation of the rotating scanning movement, is achieved, is described in greater detail below. For this purpose,
In contrast to
In the stage of the method shown in
As shown in
The relationship between the rotating scanning movement and the shift of a pixel on the detection surface is explained below. For this purpose,
As is shown in
In contrast to the measuring arrangement in
If the subdetectors have to be initially activated prior to each reception, it is meaningful for the grouping and activation of the subdetectors in question to take place in each case just before the reflected or backscattered single laser pulse strikes the detection surface. For subdetectors which may detect without a significant delay and which may thus operate quasi-continuously, the grouping of the subdetectors in question to form macropixels may optionally also take place during or even shortly after the particular individual measurement.
The basic design of the present invention is in accordance with conventional macro LIDAR scanners. However, whereas conventional scanners use a single detector for each vertical plane, in the scanner according to the present invention an arrangement of subdetectors that extends in the rotational plane, for example a subdetector row or a subdetector array (matrix-like arrangement of subdetectors), is used. The individual subdetectors of the subdetector system may be individually associated to form macrodetectors.
Although the present invention has been described primarily with reference to specific exemplary embodiments, it is in no way limited thereto. Those skilled in the art will therefore appropriately modify the described features and combine them with one another without departing from the core of the present invention. In particular, the methods, in each case described separately herein, may also be arbitrarily combined with one another.
Claims
1. A multipulse LIDAR system for detecting objects in an observation area, comprising:
- a transmitting device including at least one laser source configured to generate a transmission laser beam from a temporal sequence of single laser pulses, each of the single laser pulses illuminating a detection area that is limited to a portion of the observation area and samples at least one sampling point;
- a receiving device having a detection surface, including a linear or matrix subdetector system made up of multiple subdetectors adjacently situated in a first direction of extension, the receiving device being configured to receive the transmission laser beam, in the form of a reception laser beam, that is reflected and/or scattered on objects in the observation area of the multipulse LIDAR system, the receiving device being configured to image the sampling point, detected by the transmission laser beam, on the detection surface in the form of a pixel;
- a scanning device configured to generate a scanning movement of the transmission laser beam in a scanning direction for successive sampling of the entire observation area along successive multiple sampling points situated in succession in the scanning direction, the scanning movement of the transmission laser beam, for the single laser pulses in chronological succession, being configured to image the pixel on the detection surface, in each case shifted along the linear or matrix subdetector system; and
- a control device configured to determine distance information of the sampling points based on propagation times of the single laser pulses, the control device being configured to group subdetectors, which are detected from the pixel that is instantaneously imaged on the detection surface, to form a macropixel that is individually associated with the pixel, for shared evaluation;
- wherein the transmitting device includes multiple laser sources whose detection areas are mutually orthogonal with respect to the scanning direction, the detection surface for each of the laser sources including a subdetector system that is individually associated with the laser source, the subdetector systems being mutually orthogonal with respect to the scanning direction.
2. The multipulse LIDAR system as recited in claim 1, wherein the control device is also configured to adapt the position of the macropixel on the detection surface by regrouping corresponding subdetectors subsequent to the shift, caused by the scanning movement, of the pixel associated with the macropixel on the detection surface.
3. The multipulse LIDAR system as recited in claim 1, wherein:
- the transmitting device is configured to generate the transmission laser beam in such a way that the single laser pulses each illuminate a solid angle with at least two sampling points,
- the receiving device is configured to represent the two sampling points in the sampling range, simultaneously illuminated by the transmission laser beam, in the form of two pixels that are adjacently situated on the detection surface and that are shifted along the linear or matrix subdetector system due to the scanning movement; and
- the control device is configured to group subdetectors, instantaneously detected by a first pixel of the two pixels, together to form a first macropixel that is associated with the first pixel, and to group subdetectors, instantaneously detected by a second pixel of the two pixels, together to form a second macropixel that is associated with the second pixel.
4. The multipulse LIDAR system as recited in claim 3, wherein the control device is configured to associate the subdetectors, which are detected by the first pixel in a first individual measurement that takes place using a first single laser pulse, and by the second pixel in a second individual measurement that takes place using a second single laser pulse immediately following the first single laser pulse, with the first macropixel for the first individual measurement, and with the second macropixel for the subsequent second individual measurement.
5. A method for multidimensional detection of objects in an observation area using a multipulse LIDAR system, the method comprising:
- generating a transmission laser beam, via a transmitting device, in the form of a temporal sequence of single laser pulses, the transmission laser beam with each of the single laser pulses illuminating a detection area that is limited to a subsection of the observation area and that samples at least one sampling point;
- generating a scanning movement of the transmission laser beam in a scanning direction, resulting in successive sampling of the entire observation area at multiple successive sampling points in the scanning direction;
- receiving a reception laser beam, generated by reflection and/or scattering of the transmission laser beam on objects in the observation area, on a detection surface that includes a linear or matrix subdetector system made up of multiple subdetectors adjacently situated in a first direction of extension, the sampling point on the detection surface, instantaneously detected by the transmission laser beam, being imaged in the form of a pixel that is successively shifted along the linear or matrix subdetector system due to the scanning movement of the transmission laser beam;
- grouping subdetectors whose positions correspond to the instantaneous position of the pixel to form a macropixel that is individually associated with the pixel; and
- jointly evaluating the subdetectors associated with the macropixel;
- wherein the transmitting device includes multiple laser sources whose detection areas are mutually orthogonal with respect to the scanning direction, the detection surface for each of the laser sources including a subdetector system that is individually associated with the laser source, the subdetector systems being mutually orthogonal with respect to the scanning direction.
6. The method as recited in claim 5, wherein signals, measured in multiple individual measurements for the macropixel, of the subdetectors associated with the macropixel in the individual measurements, are jointly associated with a histogram that is associated with the macropixel.
7. The method as recited in claim 5, wherein a position of a macropixel on the detection surface is successively adapted by regrouping corresponding subdetectors subsequent to a shift of the pixel on the detection surface, associated with the macropixel, that is caused by the scanning movement.
8. The method as recited in claim 5, wherein multiple sampling points are simultaneously detected during an individual measurement, subdetectors that are detected by a first pixel that is generated by a first sampling point on the detection surface being associated with a first macropixel that is individually associated with the first sampling point, and subdetectors that are detected by a second pixel that is formed by a second sampling point on the detection surface being associated with a second macropixel that is individually associated with the second sampling point.
9. A method for multidimensional detection of objects in an observation area using a multipulse LIDAR system, the method comprising:
- generating a transmission laser beam, via a transmitting device, in the form of a temporal sequence of single laser pulses, the transmission laser beam with each of the single laser pulses illuminating a detection area that is limited to a subsection of the observation area and that samples at least one sampling point;
- generating a scanning movement of the transmission laser beam in a scanning direction, resulting in successive sampling of the entire observation area at multiple successive sampling points in the scanning direction;
- receiving a reception laser beam, generated by reflection and/or scattering of the transmission laser beam on objects in the observation area, on a detection surface that includes a linear or matrix subdetector system made up of multiple subdetectors adjacently situated in a first direction of extension, the sampling point on the detection surface, instantaneously detected by the transmission laser beam, being imaged in the form of a pixel that is successively shifted along the linear or matrix subdetector system due to the scanning movement of the transmission laser beam;
- grouping subdetectors whose positions correspond to the instantaneous position of the pixel to form a macropixel that is individually associated with the pixel; and
- jointly evaluating the subdetectors associated with the macropixel;
- wherein multiple sampling points are simultaneously detected during an individual measurement, subdetectors that are detected by a first pixel that is generated by a first sampling point on the detection surface being associated with a first macropixel that is individually associated with the first sampling point, and subdetectors that are detected by a second pixel that is formed by a second sampling point on the detection surface being associated with a second macropixel that is individually associated with the second sampling point, and
- wherein subdetectors that are detected by the first pixel during a first individual measurement and detected by the second pixel in a second individual measurement that takes place using a second single laser pulse immediately following the first single laser pulse are associated with the first macropixel for the first individual measurement, and with the second macropixel for the subsequent second individual measurement.
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Type: Grant
Filed: Dec 17, 2018
Date of Patent: Mar 26, 2024
Patent Publication Number: 20210181315
Assignee: ROBERT BOSCH GMBH (Stuttgart)
Inventors: Reiner Schnitzer (Reutlingen), Tobias Hipp (Hechingen)
Primary Examiner: Eric L Bolda
Application Number: 16/770,941
International Classification: G01S 7/481 (20060101); G01S 7/4863 (20200101); G01S 17/10 (20200101); G01S 17/89 (20200101); G01S 17/931 (20200101);