SAFETY ARRANGEMENT FOR A SNOWBOARD BRAKE 2000

Abstract

A snowboard braking assembly [10] having a support assembly/raiser-plate [140] with one of its sides a hinge member [140a] within. The center of the support [140] has a set of attachment [24] apertures [144] for the brake [10] to a snowboard [20]. Rotating within the hinge [140a] is a portion of a single irregular multiple-bent elongated lever arm member [90] forming four legs/sections. The first [90a], second [90b], and third legs [90c] form a substantial geometric irregular “U” shape. The fourth leg [90d] having a sufficiently upward orientation to the first [90a] and second [90b] legs, forming an irregular geometric “L to V” shape. The first leg [90a] having a lever arm opposite end [100], and the fourth leg [90d] terminating as a braking end [106]. The third leg [90c] of a length to extend outwards away from the edge of the snowboard [20]. The fourth leg [90d] of the lever arm [90] is of a length to extend downward too sufficiently lift one side of and drag below the snowboard [10]. About the second leg [90b] is a pre-stress torsion spring member [190] having a first spring leg [190a] of the torsion spring [190] upon the surface of the support member [140]. Furthermore a second spring leg [190b] about the elongated third leg [90c] or first leg [90a], respectfully, providing a constant angular force of the torsion spring [190] against the lever arm leg [90c] for braking.

Description

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

[0001] Not applicable

BACKGROUND

[0002] 1. Field of Invention

[0003] This invention relates to devices for modifying the natural pressure distribution of a Snowboard and other similar Sliding Devices over its sliding surfaces, therewith, U.S. Class 280/602, 280/605, 208/14.2 and Intl. Class A63C 5/07, A63C 7/10.

[0004] 2. Description of Prior Art

[0005] The use of the snowboard over a period of three decades has increased, along with the occurrence of snowboard related accidents. In particular the runaway snowboard. Recently it appears the blame is being shifted to the ski resorts due to increased serious injuries and property damage. Because of this blame shift many states have passed snowboard/ski, sliding device retention laws assisting the skier/snowboarder and resort management to properly settle these problems out of court. The present invention will assist the ski/snowboarder and the ski resort community to conform and comply with State and local skier, snowboard, etc. retention device laws in the United States and US Forestry special use-permit contracts. Further assistance will be also given from this novel invention in also conforming and complying with the bylaws of the National [PSIA], and International Ski Instructors Association [ISIA] rules, also indicated within State laws, and for the over all general publics interest of life and property.

[0006] Pliable straps or cords are presently being applied to the snowboarder as it was in the beginning for skis U.S. Pat. No. 5,026,088 Stuart 1991; U.S. Pat. No. 5,904,056 Ozaki 1999. Eventually the strap retention device on skis gave way to the present lever brake format. The strap devices were found to be dangerous to the user and did not provide any means of retention against runaway skis when not attached to the user.

[0007] Yes, snowboards have leashes intended for retention devices, but it is an established fact that the leashes appear to be useless. During falls the snowboard binding and not the leash as intended, maintains the retention of the snowboarder with the snowboard. Nor is it functional as a retention device when the front boot or both boots are out of the bindings and when the leash is separated from the user. Therefore the use of straps, generally 6″ inches long of usable length, as a retention device under the present laws do not truly reflect the intention of the law to restrict the snowboard in a restricted or confined area on a grade and/or without danger to the user. This has been made fact by the elimination of straps from skis. The present alpine ski and this invention self-initiating braking system, though convenient, was implemented as a safety device for the user, other resort slope users, and for the general publics safety at large. Furthermore, it appears the majority of snowboarders do not properly use their leashes and/or have taken them completely off. It is also almost impossible to pre-check snowboard leashes before lift loading by the ski resort lift operators. This was recently made clear in a higher court ruling in California, Campbell v. Derylo 1999, DAR 10709.

BACKGROUND DESCRIPTION OF PRIOR ART

[0008] The medium used between the user and the braking device in the present invention is the lack of downward pressure, which actuates the braking mechanism which frees the braking medium allowing braking, retaining or stopping of the snowboard or a particular vehicle.

[0009] It has been noted that the snowboard construction and operation have many attributes that are not consistent or homogenous with many art forms such as a ski, snow blade sled, toboggan, etc. These differences would be in conflict with the safe and normal operation of a snowboard/binding if prior art brakes would to be applied to a snowboard system. Furthermore the pressure mechanism and its fixed positioned braking swing arm used on all alpine ski brakes cannot be applied to the snowboard binding without inhibiting or restricting the normal operation of the snowboard binding. Firstly, the snowboard binding must fit various changes in a snowboarder's stance. This arrangement includes the wider distance between each of the two-snowboard bindings, which does not exist on a typical alpine ski or mono ski. The snowboard binding on the other hand may be mounted by moving them laterally forward or backwards and/or longitudinally from a pre-centered mounting position. Furthermore, in direct contrast to an alpine ski binding and brake which are mounted in a forward, centered, and parallel position to the ski [boot toe forward] there is a rotational directional change not found on a ski binding while skiing forward. A snowboarder's boot stance may start perpendicular or 90° degrees to the longitudinal lie of the snowboard [toe and heel of the snowboard boot faces the side edges of the snowboard, 0° degrees]. From this starting stance of zero degrees the typical snowboarder will rotate his/her front snowboard binding from 0° degrees to +25° degrees or more [front boot toe rotates towards the front of the snowboard end] the maximum being parallel with the snowboard, 90° degrees. The back binding will rotate generally 0° degrees to ±15° in the opposite direction/fakie back end. These adjustments are made on the snowboard so as not to drag the boot toes on the snow while also accommodating the snowboarders stance and snowboarding style.

[0010] In summation, the alpine ski binding and other sliding devices have limited mono-inline directional adjustment whereas the snowboard binding has a dual inline-directional adjustment, a rotational adjustment and a combination thereof, within the same plane. Furthermore, when a typical present day ski binding was mounted off center and/or unintentional rotated off center, the ski brake would not function properly or not at all. This is contrary to the novelty of the present invention's construction and method of operation, its teachings and of typical snowboard binding operation.

[0011] Although there are ski and snowboard, etc. brake art forms in existence the application of the prior arts are not for universal use. Because of this prior art forms can only be applied specifically to stopping or slowing a snowboard without inhibiting the snowboard and its binding's normal operational characteristics, its overall construction and/or endangering the safety of the snowboarder. This is due to [1] the unique mounting repositioning of the snowboard binding forward and backwards, lateral, medial, rotational, and the combination thereof upon the snowboard versus the forward and backward centered mounting changes of an alpine ski. [2] The particular snowboarder's biomechanical feet placement front and back two footed stances on a singular vehicle, including [3] the multiple directional differences in the two-footed stances. [4] The multi-directional operation of the snowboard, [5] Various widths of the snowboard, and [6] its own unique longitudinal and lateral flexibility. [7] Snowboard leveraging methods, limitations, and equipment usage are different than what other sliding vehicles apply, especially skis and/or ski type. [8] The application of the snowboard binding securing methods versus the alpine ski, or other sliding devices. For example securing from the snowboards boot cuff/boot topping, the lower top [boot toe region] and/or bottom sides of the snowboard boot or a combination of versus the present exclusively attachment of the alpine ski boot toe and/or heel. [9] The degree of snowboard tilt is greater than 90° during movement I sliding which exceeds the alpine ski and other sliding devices by 40° degrees plus. This extreme tilting, and the insufficient lever arm inward travel, causes alpine type brakes lever arm, even with lifters applied, to immediately dig into the snow surface causing undesirable lift of the skis metal edges off the snow causing the user to slide sideways and fall. This would be even especially dangerous when the snowboarder is in a snowboard fakie/backward direction. In fact this has been demonstrated on the specially shaped “S-ski”, etc. [10] Finally and with the aforementioned the unique overall operation of the snowboard, its bindings, brakes, combination thereof, the operator would be limited and unsafe if the prior art teachings, ski and snowboard, were to be applied singularly or in combination thereof. Therefore also not conforming to the many laws and regulations governing retention devices in the United States, and Internationally. Upon this writing there are no ski/snowboard/etc. braking devices presently specifically designed, which are not readily interchangeable with other bindings and snowboards, U.S. Pat. No. 3,628,804 Carreirs 1971; U.S. Pat. No. 5,156,644 Koehler 1992; U.S. Pat. No. 5,145,202 Miller 1992; U.S. Pat. No. 5,509,683 Daniel 1996; U.S. Pat. No. 5,816,602 liayashi 1998, etc.

IN SUMMARY

[0012] In accordance with the present invention a Snowboard Brake comprises of a supporting base in a hinge combination, an irregular elongated geometric shape lever arm, and torsion spring.

OBJECTS AND ADVANTAGES

[0013] The primary objectives of my invention are to provide a method of self-activating snowboard brake without the need of a user being present to deploy as such. This also will not interfere with the normal use and operation of the snowboard, binding[s], snowboarder, or any other sliding devices and/or vehicle when properly used.

[0014] Several objects and advantages of the snowboard binding of the present invention are:

[0015] (a) Children who snowboard will be prevented from being less irresponsible while handling the snowboard.

[0016] (b) The general public is not properly using the popular manual restraining [leash/cord] devices as formerly with the alpine ski. This brake will set automatically, when not in use taking the chore of locking up or taking the snowboard off the snow or remembering to flip the snowboard over on to its top.

[0017] (c) The brake method of attachment and operation will be applicable to past and presently owned soft boot bindings, step-in and strap bindings, and hard boot bindings, specialized sliding devices and other vehicles.

[0018] (e) The snowboarder will be able to laterally move and/or rotate the binding and boot in any direction without interfering with the normal operation of the snowboard brake, snowboard binding, snowboard, snowboarder or the nature of the sport.

[0019] (f) The snowboard brake can be adjusted to the various widths and heights of snowboards.

[0020] (g) The snowboard brake method of attachment and operation can be adjusted to the various distances between the front and back snowboard binding.

[0021] (h) The snowboard brake is an individual component, not depended on the binding, which can be replaced or transferred to another snowboard and binding.

[0022] (i) Just as it is important with the ski pole tip, the snowboard brake braking arm tip/cap can be altered to fit the appropriate snow conditions and/or provide an extension downward and/or outward by way of an adjustable and/or changeable cap and/or handle for artistic maneuvers.

[0023] (j) The snowboard braking lever arm moves extremely inward so as to be above the snowboard when maneuvering and not above the snowboard edge or the snow.

[0024] (k) The snowboard brake maybe placed either under a snowboard binding or to the side of the binding.

[0025] (l) The snowboard brake may use the same standard attachment holes on a snowboard, also with additional brake base attachment hole[s] for independent attachment.

[0026] (m) It will conform to State Statutes and local codes for skier retention device laws in the United States, Internationally laws, International bylaws of the ISIA, US Forestry special use permits contract terms and Local rules and regulations of ski/snowboard resorts within the United States [PSIA].

[0027] (n) The snowboard brake will prevent a snowboard from coasting down at high speeds in the event it becomes detached from the user and/or snowboard binding from the snowboard while on a grade and also providing user convenience.

[0028] (o) The snowboard brake is to be an after market device as well as to be applied for future snowboards and/or other moving devices.

[0029] (p) The physical size of the brake maybe varied due to the method of attachment and operation without compromising its operation upon the sliding device.

[0030] Still further objects and advantages will become apparent from a consideration of the ensuing description and drawings.

[0031] Further objects and advantages as an after market objective is to provide a simple and efficient braking device, easily attached, and lightweight and of varying sizes, which may be readily installed on either side of the snowboard, cross country skis, ski board, etc.

DRAWING FIGURES

[0032] In the drawings, closely related figures have the same number but different alphabetic suffixes.

[0033] FIG. 1 shows a front perspective view of an inactive Snowboard Brake Assembly proceeding into an active position without a binding.

[0034] FIG. 2 shows a front perspective view of an active Snowboard Brake Assembly proceeding into an active position below a strapless binding.

[0035] FIG. 2a shows a front perspective view of an active Snowboard Brake Assembly proceeding into an active position below a strapless binding.

[0036] FIG. 3 shows a front perspective view of an active Snowboard Brake Assembly preceding into an active position below a strapless binding by way of lifting with the back heel of a snowboard boot.

[0037] FIG. 4 shows a front perspective view of an inactive Snowboard Brake Assembly having a snowboard boot position below a strapless binding.

REFERENCE NUMERALS IN DRAWING

[0038] 1 10 snowboard brake assembly 20 snowboard/ vehicle 20a snowboard edge 24 snowboard attachment devices 40 snowboard front boot 40a snowboard front boot heel 50 snowboard binding assembly 52 snowboard back 80 standard snowboard binding disk 90 elongated lever arm member 90a first leg 90b second leg 90c third leg 90d fourth leg 100 lever arm opposite end / boot end 106 braking tip / end 110 braking cap assembly 140 support / raiser plate assembly member 140a hinge member 144 support center apertures and safety apertures 190 torsion spring member 190a first torsion spring leg 190b second torsion spring leg

DESCRIPTION

[0039] FIG. 1 Preferred Embodiment

[0040] In the preferred and elected embodiment as shown in FIG. 1, the present invention comprises of a snowboard braking assembly 10 for a snowboard 20, and for other sliding devices. Consisting of the snowboard braking assembly 10 a support assembly 140 and hinge member 140a, a single irregular multiple-bent elongated lever arm member 90, and a torsion spring member 190.

[0041] The support member, raiser-plate 140 is of a of a predetermined length, height and shape according to the binding manufacture base specifications and of a singular embodiment as shown at FIGS. 1.

[0042] On one side of the support member 140 having a support hinge member 140a of a predetermined length and height, which will surround and support a sufficient length of the lever arm 90.

[0043] Having in the center of the support 140 a set of predetermined through vertical support center apertures 144 for a snowboard attachment device 24 allowing direct attachment to the snowboard 20. The apertures 144 will increase the safety measure in case the binding 50 accidentally detaches from the snowboard 20 and mounting selections.

[0044] Due to the support 140 having height whereby lifting the snowboard binding assembly 50 from the snowboard 20, when mounted under the snowboard, the support 140 is also considered a lifter or the raiser-plate 140 therefore, the names and operation are interchangeable within this industry of winter sports.

[0045] Or the braking assembly 10 maybe incorporated into the snowboard binding 50. Accordingly, communicating and having attachment with the snowboards pre-existing alignment holes by way of the snowboard attachment screws 24 FIG. 1.

[0046] The lever arm 90 having a “L” shape and communicating with another he “L” shape, therefore of one element having a four legs/sections of a predetermined length and diameter 90a, the second leg 90b, 90c, 90d respectfully right to left, FIG. 1, 2, 3 and 4. Furthermore, the lever arm ends being the first leg 90a having a lever arm opposite end/boot end 100, and the fourth leg 90d terminating as a braking tip/end 106. And furthermore, the elongated members first 90a, second 90b, and third legs 90c form a substantial geometric irregular “U” shape. And furthermore communicating with the third leg 90c, respectfully, the fourth leg 90d. Furthermore having a sufficiently upward or raised orientation to the first 90a second 90b forming a irregular geometric “L to V” shape.

[0047] The first leg opposite end 100 has sufficient length to extend towards the snowboard binding attachment disk 80, where upon a snowboard boot 40 is restrained/attached during snowboarding FIG. 1, 2, 3, and 4.

[0048] The third leg 90c is of a predetermined length to extend outwards away from the edge of the snowboard 20.

[0049] The braking end 106 of the lever arm 90 is of a predetermined length to extend downward to sufficiently lift one side of the snowboard 20 and drag below the snowboard 10 FIG. 2a, 3.

[0050] Sufficiently about the elongated member 90 is of the pre-stress torsion spring member 190. Furthermore having a first spring leg 190a of the torsion spring 190 upon the surface of support member 140 and a second spring leg 190b about the elongated third leg 90c FIG. 1. The placement of the spring 190 first or second legs 190a, 190b whether upon the elongated first or third legs will depend mainly on the snowboard binding assembly 50 and type of boot 40 used and the direction of operation. Whereby the elongated member 90 resides and rotates within the hinge member 140a and the spring member 190 applying a constant predetermined angular force upon the elongated third leg 90c. Furthermore continuously activating the braking end 106 to a downward position below the snowboard surface 20 FIG. 2, 2a and 3.

[0051] This action of the torsion spring 190 against the lever arm leg 90c provides a form of mechanical transmission for braking or resistance.

[0052] FIGS. 2, 2a Additional Embodiments

[0053] About a braking tip/end 106 may have an optional or expanded reinforcing braking cap 110 FIG. 2a. The braking cap 110 maybe static upon the lever arm opposite end 100 or the cap may rotate 360° degrees upon an axis or in a spring configuration to flex or use other firm but resilient materials FIG. 2. The braking end 106 and/or cap assemblies 110 can be interchangeable for snow conditions and designed aesthetically. If the braking tip is designed for the swinging braking cap the predetermined length of the braking tip is to be shortened so as to lessen torque upon the lever arms 90 fourth leg 90d, etc.

[0054] FIGS. 3 and 4 Alternative Embodiments

[0055] Also the placement of the spring legs can be altered either on the first leg 90a or the third leg 90c.

[0056] Operation

[0057] Due to the after-market requirements of this invention many parts of the present novel invention are optional, if applicable, or combination of, without changing the spirit of either the conception or its uniqueness.

[0058] The operation of the lever arm 90 consists of a forward, upward, outward, and down angular movement/direction while under a pre-stressed condition. This pre-stressed condition is caused by the pre-stressed torsion spring 190 about the braking lever arm 90 second leg 90b. The pre-stressed torsion-spring 190 keeps the lever 90 arm in a constant downward and horizontal position or in an active braking position FIGS. 2 and 3.

[0059] In its first position or active braking position the braking end 106 and attached the braking cap, when applied, are pointing downward below the support 140 surface and snowboards edge FIGS. 2 and 3. Furthermore, the lever arm opposite end 100 is extending horizontally, and outwardly to the snowboard edge 20a.

[0060] To deactivate the brake 10 the user will use the heel of a front boot 40a or hand to rotate the lever arm opposite end 100, or use the third 90c and fourth leg 90d, upward and downward resting the first leg 90a into the boot rest 52 FIGS. 9 and 9a. After a predetermined amount of rotation the boot 40 will then rest upon the lever arms opposite end 100 therefore, deactivating the braking assembly 10.

[0061] This aforementioned action will increase the compression tension of the torsion spring 90.

[0062] To active the brake 10 the user simply removes the boot 40 from the binding boot rest 40a therefore, allowing the compressed torsion spring 190 to rotate the lever arm opposite end 100 upward and outward FIG. 2. Whereby releasing the brake end 100 into an angular, forward, downward direction providing the braking tip 106 into an active safety braking position into the snow, ice, ground, water, etc.

[0063] Furthermore, lifting and titling the snowboard 20 upon one of its edges thereby turning/carving and stopping the snowboard 20.

[0064] The brake tip cap 110 can vary to the needs of the snowboarder. Snow conditions, the structure of the binding and the snowboard, are some of the determining factors. Secondary factors are the aesthetic looks of the tip. The cap tips in all intentions are to slow, turn or stop the snowboard with resistance to the ground/snow, etc.

[0065] The swinging cap tips because of their movement are noticeable for easing the torque upon the braking assembly 10. The use of the conventional spring is self explanatory FIG. 5. The use of conventional leaf springs either on the lever arm 90 or within the braking cap 110 itself is also explanatory, furthermore, a combination of FIGS. 4 and 6b.

[0066] The braking tip caps 110 may rotate in a 360°, spring loaded FIG. 5. Another embodiment is a swinging tip cap, which can swing either perpendicular or parallel to the snowboard by pivoting upon the lever arm 90 FIG. 4, 6a and 6b. Another embodiment is to remain static with a partially softened tip, when pressure is applied upon the braking tip or accidentally fallen upon by the user, thereby an added safety factor FIG. 6, and 7.

[0067] In Summary

[0068] The notion of scraping the ground, air or water for resistance is not a new or an unusual method in which journalled levers, a stick, a rod or any other device to produce opposing directional forces or resistance. Though this may be true, the present invention uses a novel braking system. The novelty is in the activating and deactivating direction of the braking assembly. This direction is a rotational direction of the brake lever arm across the width of the snowboard or perpendicular towards the edge of the sliding device. Furthermore, also the brake can be set by hand for a snowboard and other sliding devices/vehicles. And finally, the shape or forming of the lever arm.

[0069] Furthermore an after market binding adaptability was not a consideration in the prior art forms in their brake/binding format for a snowboard or similar sliding devices. All of the aforementioned considerations must be specifically incorporated in an after market snowboard self-activating snowboard brake/binding system before the whole may coexist safely and operational for all present and future snowboards, and other similar sliding devices.

[0070] Furthermore, the snowboard brake assembly is not dependent upon the snowboard binding releasing mechanisms in contrast to an alpine ski brake, etc.

[0071] While my above description contains many specificities, these should not be construed as limitations on the scope of the invention, but rather as an exemplification of one preferred embodiment thereof. Any other variations are possible. For example;

[0072] The brake tip cap can vary to the needs of the snowboarder, snow conditions, the structure of the binding and the snowboard, are some of the determining factors.

[0073] Secondary factors are the aesthetic looks of the tip. The cap tips in all intentions are to slow, turn or stop the snowboard with resistance to the ground/snow, etc.

[0074] A swinging cap tips because of their movement are noticeable for easing the torque upon the braking assembly.

[0075] The use of a spring tip is self explanatory.

[0076] The use of leaf springs either on the lever arm or within the braking cap itself is also explanatory, furthermore, in combination.

[0077] The braking tip caps may rotate in a 360°. Another embodiment is a swinging tip cap, which can swing either perpendicular or parallel to the snowboard by pivoting upon the lever arm.

[0078] Another embodiment is to remain static, with a partially softened tip, when pressure is applied upon the braking tip or accidentally fallen upon by the user thereby an added safety factor.

[0079] Further embodiments such as an adjusting lever arm [first and fourth legs]/braking tips, shape and the top and bottom texture of the support base plate.

[0080] Furthermore, the placement of which torsion spring leg to be used upon the elongated lever arm, depending upon the shape of the lever arm, the binding assembly, boot and the style of snowboard.

[0081] Furthermore other embodiments may have a irregular geometric “O” formed lever arm, torsion spring member, with a swinging center braking tip within this form.

[0082] Furthermore, a support member guard for the fourth leg of the level arm while in a deactivated position/upon the snowboard.

[0083] The novelty is within the applications to new and unexpected situations, such as the snowboard, to which this present invention applies itself. Therefore the invention must be treated as novel, for it's uniqueness unobviousness, and advantages.

Claims

1. A brake for snowboard and vehicles sliding on snow comprising:

a. a support member [140] of flat body of material consisting of a predetermined height and geometric shape, having a predetermined number of vertical centered apertures [144] and furthermore within one of said support member sides a support hinge member [140a] of a predetermined length, height and inside diameter, furthermore rotating within said hinge support [140a] a binding assembly [50], and

b. said binding assembly [50] consisting of a single irregular multiple bent elongated rod lever arm member [90] therefore having a predetermined number of legs-sections, length and diameter and furthermore about one leg of said lever arm [90] a torsion spring [190] and

c. furthermore said lever arm [90] having a first leg [90a] terminating to an opposite end [100] the other end to a second leg [90b] residing longitudinally within said support hinge member [140a] and also about said second leg [90b] said torsion spring [190] and furthermore a third leg [90c] communicating with said second leg [90b] and said first leg [90a], respectfully, forming a irregular “U” shape and communicating upon said third leg [90c], a torsion spring leg [190b] and

d. furthermore communicating with said third leg [90c] a fourth leg [90d] having its opposite end terminating as a braking end [106] and furthermore said third leg and said fourth leg [90d] forming a upward orientation within the same plane to said “U” shape [90a, 90b, 90c] and

e. whereby said torsion spring[190] pre-stressed condition [190, 190b] communicating with said elongated member [90] said third leg [90c] providing means of an outward angular mechanical transmission for braking.

2. The brake of claim 1 wherein said flat body is a rigid material.

3. The brake of claim 2 wherein is of a plastic, light aluminum or similar materials.

4. The brake of claim 1 wherein said lever arm is of a tubular material.

5. The brake of claim 4 wherein said tubular material is piano wire, harden wire or similar material.

6. A mechanical brake transmission for vehicles sliding on snow comprising:

f. a support member [140] having a predetermined geometric shape and furthermore on its perimeter and within said support member a hinge member [140a] having a cylinder shaped cavity throughout of a predetermined length, width, and form, and said support [140] having a means for attachment [24] to said vehicle [20] and

g. furthermore residing within said hinge member [140a] a binding assembly [50] constituting of an irregular, bent elongated arbor member [90] and

h. whereas, said elongated member [90] having a three legs [90a, 90b, 90c], respectfully, forming a varying geometric irregular “U” shape [90] and

j. furthermore having a fourth leg [90d] of a predetermined raised orientation to said “U” shape [90] and

k. surrounding said second leg [90b] of said elongated member [90] a torsion spring member [190] and

l. furthermore, having a torsion springs leg member [90b] about and pre-pressuring one leg of said elongated members [90], and

m. whereby said pre-stress torsion spring [190] providing means for outward angular motion for elongated member [90] therefore a means of mechanical transmission for braking.