Plant shipping system

Abstract

A plant shipping system for transporting horticultural products and the like that is both user and plant friendly. The system includes opposing trays that form the top and bottom of a crate that are spaced apart by a support structure. The support structure comprises a plurality of interlocked upstanding panels to provide a sufficiently strong plant support system. The interlocking of the panels is facilitated by slots formed in each upstanding panel. A portion of a central panel is folded over to bolster the interlocking engagement of the upstanding panels and to maintain the panels in a substantially perpendicular orientation. Each end of the central panel comprises end member that engages a portion of the outermost upstanding panels. The upstanding panels include a plurality of apertures located on predetermined portions of the panels. Support members are inserted into predetermined apertures to define rack locations within the columns for housing of plants. The resulting support structure of the present invention provides strong, light-weight system for transporting products that has easy access to the interior storage space and enhances air flow therethrough.

Description

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

[0001] The present invention relates to containers used in the transportation and storage of horticultural items, and more particularly to a recyclable system for transporting plants that is strong, light-in-weight and capable of easy set up and break down.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

[0002] The distribution of bedding plants, small woody plants, potting plants and other nursery stock begins at the grower. Growers of such horticultural items, as any supplier of goods, desire to cost effectively move their goods to market without diminishment of product quality.

[0003] Horticultural and agricultural items such as young trees, shrubs, bushes, vines, and the like are typically transported in a potted or trayed condition. In the case of young plants, metal cartons or boxes are commonly used to transport a low number of plants per container. The metal cartons/crates are then loaded onto cargo trucks. In addition to being a very labor-intensive process, the commonly used cartons and crates expose the plants to a great deal of damage. Many times the crates are common shipping or moving boxes, wherein the plants are placed within the box and sealed. The plants are not usually secured in position within the box, which increases the chance of the plants being damaged due to shifting of the plants during transport. For example, plant crates are regularly shipped via airfreight, and handled by many people prior to reaching its destination. In many cases, even when the crates are labeled and marked, warning movers to handle the plants with care, the crates are mishandled or flipped over. Moreover, the typical transport boxes are not designed to make efficient use of the space within. Thus, numerous boxes are required to ship a given set of plants.

[0004] Large metal racks are often used to transport a plurality of young plants. The plants are loaded into the bulky, heavy metal racks which are then placed into trucks and transported to garden supply stores or other retail outlets. Upon arrival at a retail outlet, the transported plants are unloaded and either displayed in the cumbersome transport racks, or loaded into a more consumer appealing display rack or container. In addition to handling issues, the reality is that the metal racks comprise a substantial portion of the total shipped weight sent by a grower, and therefore unavoidably represent a significant cost of the shipped product. Furthermore, the metal racks must be returned empty (i.e., “dead headed”) to the growers before they can be used again, which results in substantial return shipping costs, costs which are again ultimately reflected in the price of the product in the market place.

[0005] In attempt to reduce reliance on expensive and inconvenient shipping containers, various types and configurations of paperboard or corrugated material shipping containers have been developed. Unfortunately, known paperboard containers have several shortcomings. For instance, a majority of such containers are designed for holding a small number of uniformly sized nursery flats. Each container is configured to only house single-sized plants, and as such, are ill suited for transporting the larger, taller, bulkier and substantially heavier plants with the smaller plants. Furthermore, known paperboard transport containers are little more than fully enclosed cardboard boxes, generally providing a poor environment for the storage of a product which is especially sensitive to its environment, and whose salability is greatly a function of appearance and health. Moreover, paperboard containers are usually not sufficiently sturdy to accommodate the stacking of many plants within a single container, or allow the stacking of containers one on top of another. Another disadvantage associated with paperboard shipping containers is that they are usually relatively difficult, thus expensive, to assembly, often times requiring glue, tape, staples etc. to maintain the origami-like folds frequently present in such box constructions.

[0006] Accordingly, there is a need to provide a shipping container for the transport of plants that overcomes the shortcomings described above. There is a desire to provide a lightweight shipping container that is capable of efficiently housing a plurality of varying sized plants. There is a need for a shipping container that is easy to assemble and may be simply disposed or recycled after a single use. Additionally, there is a desire to provide a plant shipping container sufficient rigid to securely accommodate a plurality of plants, and capable of stacking the containers on top of one another.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

[0007] It is an object of the present invention to provide a rigid plant-shipping crate that minimizes plant damage during transport.

[0008] Another object of the invention is to minimize the cost to ship and to minimize the amount of space needed to transport plants.

[0009] Another object of the invention is to provide a plant shipping system that is easy to assemble, disassemble and discard.

[0010] The present invention provides a strong, lightweight system for transporting plants that is both user and plant friendly. The plant shipping system of the present invention takes the form of a crate that includes opposing trays spaced apart by a support structure. The trays form a top and bottom for the stackable crate. Each of the trays have sidewalks and end walls. The sidewalls are orthogonal to the end walls to thereby define four corners for the opposing trays. The support structure is configured to form a plurality of spaced apart columns.

[0011] To enclose and protect the support structure, two perimeter panels are disposed around the support structure, with the ends of the perimeter panels overlapping one another. The perimeter panels are positioned adjacent and between the side and end walls of the tray, and the outer edges of the upstanding panels. Each of the exterior corners of the perimeter panels is in substantial abutting alignment with each of the corners of the opposing trays to thereby form substantially enclosed crate.

[0012] In order to provide a sufficiently strong plant support system, the support structure comprises a plurality of interlocked upstanding panels. Slots formed in each upstanding panel facilitate the interlocking of the panels. The upstanding panels define the columns of the crate that will house the plants. In one embodiment, one central upstanding panel is positioned perpendicular to the other upstanding panels. A portion of the central panel is folded over to bolster the interlocking engagement of the upstanding panels and to maintain the panels in a substantially perpendicular orientation. To further strengthen the crate, each end of the central panel comprises end member that engages a portion of the outermost upstanding panels.

[0013] To make efficient use of the space within the crate and accommodate a plurality of plants, the upstanding panels include a plurality of apertures located on predetermined portions of the panels. Support members are releasably inserted into predetermined apertures to define rack locations within the columns for housing of plants. The support members may be adjusted (moved to any aperture) to accommodate varying sized products. The resulting support structure of the present invention provides easy access to the interior storage space of the crate and enhances airflow therethrough.

[0014] The foregoing and other objects, features and advantages of the invention will become more readily apparent from the following detailed description of a preferred embodiment of the invention that proceeds with reference to the accompanying drawings.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0015] FIG. 1 is an exploded perspective view of an embodiment of the present invention.

[0016] FIG. 2 is a perspective view of a central upstanding panel of the present invention with a hidden line showing the panel in the unfolded position.

[0017] FIG. 3 is a perspective view of the central upstanding panel of FIG. 2 interlocked with another upstanding panel

[0018] FIG. 4 is a perspective view of the support structure of the embodiment of FIG. 1.

[0019] FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view taken along line 5-5 of FIG. 4 showing a longitudinal construction for the support structure in cross section.

[0020] FIG. 6 is a perspective view of an embodiment of a support member of the present invention

[0021] FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional view taken along line 7-7 of FIG. 8 showing the engagement of the support member with an upstanding panel.

[0022] FIG. 8 is a perspective view of an upstanding panel of the present invention with support member attached thereto.

[0023] FIG. 9 is a plan view of an alternative embodiment of an upstanding panel.

[0024] FIG. 10 is a side view into the interior space of a crate according to the present invention, the lid having been removed, particularly illustrating the support structure configuration and arrangement.

[0025] FIG. 11 is a side view into the interior space of a full crate, particularly illustrating the support structure configuration and arrangement.

[0026] FIG. 12 is a side view of a crate, the lid having been removed, particularly illustrating an alternate support structure configuration and arrangement.

[0027] FIG. 13 is a perspective view of the present invention with the lid on, and the crate completely enclosed.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0028] Various embodiments of the present invention are shown and described to support and transport plants. It is to be understood that though these embodiments are shown and described in isolation, various features of each embodiment can be combined with the others to produce a variety of embodiments.

[0029] Referring to FIG. 1, there is shown, consistent with the present invention, a shipping crate or container 10 of rectangular geometry for transporting and temporarily storing horticultural products, such as plants and the like. Opposing trays 12 and 14, forming a top and bottom for the shipping crate 10, are spaced apart by a support structure 15. Two perimeter panels 16 are positioned to surround support structure 15, to form an enclosed container.

[0030] The top 12 and bottom 14 trays each have sidewalls 24 and end walls 22 that define a rim for each of the trays. The sidewalls 24 are orthogonal to the end walls 22 and thereby define four corners 26 for each of the opposing trays. In one embodiment, the container is preferably but not necessarily rectangular, the trays are rectangular, with the length of the tray side walls 24 being greater than the length of the tray end walls 22. The rim of the tray is preferably a uniform height, and in all events is configured sufficiently to snugly engage and contain top and bottom portions of the support structure 15, thereby establishing and maintaining the angular relationships between panels of support structure 15 and between support structure 15 and trays 12 and 14.

[0031] Support structure 15 comprises a plurality of upstanding panels 18 that are configured to define the interior volume of container 10. Support structure 15 may be configured to achieve various shapes and sizes for storage and transport of products via predetermined interconnection of upstanding panels 18. For example, as shown in FIGS. 1 and 4, support structure 15 is formed by interlocking connection of five upstanding panels 18 with a central upstanding panel 20. The resulting support structure 15 is a generally rectangular shaped structure with eight vertically disposed, horizontally spaced open columns 28. Upstanding panels 18 and central panel 20 are individually configured and aligned with respect to each other and trays 12 and 14 so as to form substantially closed ends and open sides for the stackable transport products in columns 28. The open sides of container 10 facilitate access to the interior storage space and enhance airflow to and through stackable transport container 10. Generally, the outermost upstanding panels 18 are positioned proximate end walls 24 of trays 12 and 14 so as have the end edges of upstanding panels 18 engage corners 26 of trays 12 and 14.

[0032] As shown in FIG. 2, central panel 20 begins as a substantially flat panel, as indicated by the hidden lines. Central panel 20 comprises a longitudinally bend or crease 30 that separates a bendable segment 32 and a central segment 34, each segment have a first end and a second end. A plurality of slots 36 are formed in bendable segment 32. Slots 36 extend from a side of central panel 20 and extend a predetermined distance across bendable segment 32 toward bend 30. Preferably, the slots extend transverse the longitudinal axis of central panel 20, however, slots 36 may extend in any desired manner and shape. A plurality of slots 38 are formed in central segment 34 and extend a predetermined distance from a side of central panel 20 toward bend 30. It is important that slots 36 and 38 are configured such that when bendable segment 32 is bent as indicated by arrow A and bendable segment 32 overlays a portion of central segment 34, slots 36 trace the shape of slots 38. The tracing of the slots permits the insertion of an upstanding panel 18, as will be discussed in detail below. Please note that the embodiment of FIGS. 1-5 only shows a single central panel 18 being used, however, the configuration of support structure 15 may include more than one central panel 18.

[0033] In an effort to further provide a rigid support structure 15, an end member 40 is formed on the first and second ends of central panel 20. End member 40 comprises two portions, 42 and 44, that are pivotally connected to central panel 20. One portion 42 is connected to bendable segment 32, while the other portion 44 is connected to central segment 34. As shown in FIGS. 2 and 3, the pivot connection of portions 42 and 44 is provided by a bend 46 such that when a slot 48 of upstanding panel 18 is interlocks with a slot 36 proximate end member 40, portions 42 and 44 flex to engage an outer portion of panel 18.

[0034] Referring to FIGS. 3 and 4, each upstanding panel 18 comprises at least two slots 48 for engagement of slots 36 and 38 of central panel 20. As shown, central panel 20 is configured to engage 5 upstanding panels 18 in a substantially perpendicular orientation. The present invention contemplates modification of central panel 20 to accommodate any number of upstanding panels 18. The interlocking of upstanding panels 18 with central panel 20 is preferably achieved by frictional engagement or force fit. In the assembly operation, once bendable segment 32 is bent, a slot 48 of upstanding panel 18 is brought into contact with overlapping slots 36 and 38 of central panel 20, or visa versa. Once the slots are in contact, a force is applied by the assembler to force the slots into frictional engagement. The overlapped portion of central panel 20 has the benefit of providing additional strength to the panel engagement via more frictional contact between panels 18 and 20. The “double thick” area contact area between overlapped portion of panel 20 and panel 18 increases the rigidity of the connection by increasing support structure 15 resistance to transverse and axial forces that are exerted on the container during storage and transport. This increased rigidity enables the support structure to better maintain its predetermined configuration.

[0035] As shown in FIG. 5, support structure 15 comprises a central panel 20 interlocked with each end of upstanding panels 18. This means that each central panel 20, in the bent condition, is approximately one-half the height of an upstanding panel 18. The connection of a central panel 20 to each end of upstanding panels 18 has the benefit of further providing strength and rigidity to support structure 15. The increased strength enables container 10 to accommodate more weight within out degradation of the container shape.

[0036] In summary, support structure 15 of the present invention effectively divides container 10 into parallel columns 28. In the embodiment of FIGS. 1-5, the support structure 15 has five upstanding wall panels 18. With this support structure configuration, each column 28 has two of the parallel upstanding panels 18 defining opposing exterior walls which are joined together or linked by a major upstanding center panel 20 (i.e., an interior upstanding panel that traverses the end walls 22 of trays 12 and 14 to thereby define a traversing interior wall for the container).

[0037] Referring to FIGS. 6-8, upstanding panels 18 are adapted to receive support members to facilitate the storage of products, such as plants. As shown in FIG. 6, the support members take the form of a rack 50. Rack 50 comprises an engaging portion 52 and a plant support portion 54. As shown in FIG. 8, upstanding panel 18 has a plurality of apertures 56 formed in predetermined locations. Racks 50 may be releasably positioned within apertures 56 to enable a product to rest on rack 50.

[0038] In one embodiment, as shown in FIG. 7, engaging portion 52 of rack 50 is substantially S-shaped. During insertion of an end of rack 50 into an aperture 56 the middle portion of the s-shaped engaging portion 52 is caused to rest within aperture 56. One end portion of the s-shape rests on one side of panel 18 and the other end portion of the s-shape rests on the opposite side of panel 18. This positioning of rack 50 causes support portion 54 to extend into the space of column 28. Engaging end 52 of rack 50 may take on any shape that provides for simple rigid, releasable engagement with upstanding panels 18 while providing the ability to support the weight stored products. Rack 50 be made of a material sufficiently rigid to support a load, yet sufficiently flexible or malleable to be formed into a predetermined orientation. For example, rack 50 may be made of a strength wire, plastic material, or the like.

[0039] A second rack 50 is also releasably placed within the upstanding panel 18 that is on the opposite side that defines column 28. The second rack 50 is also placed at substantially the same vertical level as the first rack 50 to ensure that any product stored on the rack lies flat. The result is two racks 50 extending toward one another within column 28. See FIGS. 10-12.

[0040] The apertures 56 formed on upstanding panels 18 may have any desired configuration. For example, apertures 56 may be vertically aligned as shown in FIGS. 1, 3, 4 and 8. Alternatively, apertures 56 may be configured diagonally 58, horizontally 60, in a random array 62, or the like. See FIG. 9. Forming various configurations of apertures provides container 10 with the benefit to be easily adjusted to accommodate varying sizes of horticultural products. Racks 50 are simply moved to the desired apertures 56 to store the intended product. The present invention diminishes the need to have various preformed sizes of containers to securely store and transport products. Referring to FIGS. 10-12, a view of container 10 from the side reveals how racks 50 are positioned within columns 28 to support containers of plants 64, as well as larger plants 66.

[0041] Apertures 56 are spaced far enough apart to maintain the quality of the plants while stored in the container by preventing the crowding of plants and by providing air circulation and ventilation necessary to sustain plant health during transport. For example, apertures 56 may be vertically spaced 2 or 4 inches apart. Alternatively, the container 10 with tray 12 and perimeter panels 16 removed, may be used as a storage unit to foster photosynthesis; specifically by providing easy access for watering and permitting light to reach the foliage of the plants.

[0042] Perimeter panels 16 provide more support to upstanding wall panels 18 and central panel 20 to strengthen the stackable transport container 10 perimeter. The strengthening of the container perimeter better enables loaded containers to be stacked on top of one another, making more efficient use of space on transportation vehicles.

[0043] Stackable transport container 10 of the subject invention is preferably fabricated from a recyclable material such as corrugated cardboard stock (i.e., two pieces of paperboard spaced apart by characteristic arches of wavy fluting lying therebetween). The corrugated cardboard stock may be treated so as to be substantially water-resistant, thus insuring sufficient rigidity and durability for the crate components throughout a variety of ground and transport environments. Such water resistant coatings (e.g., those produced and sold by Michelman, Inc. for instance Coating X300™, Michem® Coat 40/series etc.) are well known to those of skill in the paper board coating art, and generally should be selected so as to maintain rigidity and thereby stacking strength for the crates while likewise permitting recycling post use.

[0044] As to panel thicknesses, the trays may be a two ply construct, having a total overall thickness sufficient to transport horticultural products. Support structure 15 may be a three ply corrugated construct for plant transport applications.

[0045] Referring now to FIG. 13, a loaded container 10 according to the present invention is shown. The loaded containers may be stacked or bundled as desired. The present invention may be completely wrapped in shrink-wrap to protect container 10, as well as the products inside from the elements. For example, the present invention may be loaded in the same manner as loading a common carrier cargo box. Container 10 may be positioned upon a pallet and bound thereto using strapping. The “palletization” of the stackable containers 10 using readily available pallets makes for supremely easy loading and unloading of the stacked crates. The overall height of the cargo bundle is predicated upon the available cargo height, which may typically be about eight feet.

[0046] As such, the present invention may be formed in varying sizes and dimensions to facilitate ease of transport. Containers 10 are preferably but not necessarily dimensioned in accordance with generally available pallets (e.g., 40″×48″, 42″×48″, 48″×48″ etc.). A variety of container heights are optionally available from 48″ to 65″ to meet airfreight specifications. By forming containers according to the present invention within the above parameters, more products may be transported within a given amount of space than done by conventional containers. For example, a typical transport used to move horticultural products from growers is a truck with a storage capacity of 18 to 20 feet in length and a height limit of 8 feet. Conventional containers (42″×48″×48″) would permit the loading of 36 containers with 125 plants per container, for a total of 4500 plants able to be moved on the truck. A container according to the present invention (with dimensions of 48″×42″×44″) would permit the loading of 24 containers with 320 of the similar sized plants per container. The present invention permits the transport of 7680 plants with the same truck. Accordingly, the present invention enables more efficient use of given amount of space.

[0047] It will be understood that this disclosure, in many respects, is only illustrative. Changes may be made in details, particularly in matters of shape, size, material and arrangement of parts without exceeding the scope of the invention. Accordingly, the scope of the invention is as defined in the language of the appended claims.

Claims

1. A lightweight stackable crate particularly suited for storing and transporting products, comprising:

(a) opposing trays forming a top and bottom for said stackable crate, each of said trays having sidewalls and end walls;

(b) a support structure separating said opposing trays, said support structure comprising:

a plurality of upstanding interlocked panels that define an interior volume for said stackable crate;

at least two of said upstanding panels being parallel and joined to another upstanding panel of said plurality of upstanding panels which is a central panel;

a plurality of apertures formed on a predetermined portion of at least one of said upstanding panels; and

a plurality of support members positioned within predetermined apertures to define locations adapted to securely receive products; and

(c) at least two perimeter panels disposed around said support structure, but within an interior area defined by the side walls and end walls of the trays, with the ends of the perimeter panels overlapping one another, thereby forming a substantially enclosed crate.

2. The stackable crate of claim 1 wherein said trays, said support structure, and perimeter panels comprise any one of the group consisting of corrugated cardboard, fiberboard, plywood, pegboard and pressed board.

3. The stackable crate of claim 2 wherein each of said upstanding panels comprises at least one slot for interlocking the panels, such that the slot of one upstanding panel engages the slot of another upstanding panel.

4. The stackable crate of claim 3 wherein said apertures are formed in the upstanding panels in a random array.

5. The stackable crate of claim 3 wherein said apertures are formed in a vertical configuration on the upstanding panels.

6. The stackable crate of 3 wherein the central panel comprises:

a bendable segment, a central segment, a first end and a second end

the bendable segment connected to the central segment via a bend, a plurality of slots formed on the bendable segment, such that each slot extends from an edge opposite the bend and across a portion of the bendable segment;

the central segment comprising a plurality of slots extending from an edge opposite the bend and shaped such that when the bendable segment is bent to overlay a portion of the central segment, the slots of the bendable segment trace the slots of the central segment; and

an end member formed on the first and second ends.

7. The stackable crate of claim 6 wherein said trays, support structure and perimeter panels are made of corrugated cardboard.

8. The stackable crate of claim 6 wherein:

a slot is formed adjacent each end member; and

each end member comprises two portions, one portion pivotally attached to the central segment and the other portion pivotally attached to the bendable segment such that when the bendable segment is bent to overlay the central segment and an upstanding panel is interlocked with the slot adjacent an end member, the two portions of the end member bolster the rigid engagement of the interlocked panels.

9. The stackable crate of claim 8 wherein the interlocking of one slot with another slot is achieved by frictional engagement, such that the engagement resists axial and transverse forces in order to maintain the defined interior volume of the crate.

10. The stackable crate of claim 1 wherein the support members are removably positioned within the apertures such that the support members may be repositioned to accommodate the storage of varying sized products within the crate.

11. The stackable crate of claim 7 wherein the crate is made of recyclable material.

12. A recyclable horticultural container for storing and transporting, the container comprising:

(a) opposing trays forming a top and bottom for said container, each of said trays having sidewalls and end walls;

(b) a support structure separating said opposing trays, said support structure comprising:

a plurality of upstanding interlocked panels that define the container interior configuration;

at least two of said upstanding panels being parallel and joined to one other upstanding panel of said plurality of upstanding panels which is a central panel;

a plurality of apertures formed on a predetermined portion of at least one of said upstanding panels; and

a plurality of support members positioned within the predetermined apertures to define locations adapted to securely receive plants;

(c) at least two perimeter panels disposed around said support structure, but within an interior area defined by the tray side walls and end walls, with the ends of the perimeter panels overlapping one another, thereby forming a substantially enclosed crate;

(d) each of said upstanding panels comprises at least one slot for interlocking the panels, such that the slot of one panel engages the slot of another upstanding panel;

(e) the central panel comprises:

a bendable segment, a central segment, a first end and a second end

the bendable segment connected to the central segment via a bend, a plurality of slots formed on the bendable segment, such that each slot extends from an edge opposite the bend and across a portion of the bendable segment;

the central segment comprising a plurality of slots extending from an edge opposite the bend and shaped such that when the bendable segment is bent to overlay a portion of the central segment, the slots of the bendable segment trace the slots of the central segment;

an end member formed on the first and second ends; and

each end member comprises two portions, one portion pivotally attached to the central segment and the other portion pivotally attached to the bendable segment such that when the bendable segment is bent to overlay the central segment and an upstanding panel is interlocked with the slot adjacent an end member, the two portions of the end member bolster the rigid engagement of the interlocked panels; and

(f) the interlocking of one slot with another slot is achieved by frictional engagement, such that the engagement resists axial and transverse forces to maintain the configured interior of the container.

13. The container of claim 12 wherein said trays, said support structure, and said perimeter panels are made of corrugated cardboard.

14. The container of claim 12 wherein container is substantially water-resistant.

15. A method of forming a lightweight stackable crate particularly suited for transporting and temporary storage of horticultural products, comprising:

(a) opposing trays that form a top and bottom for said stackable crate, each have said trays having sidewalls and end walls;

(b) separating said opposing trays with a support structure, the support structure having:

a plurality of upstanding interlocked panels which define the crate interior volume;

at least two of said upstanding panels being parallel and joined to one other upstanding panel of said plurality of upstanding panels which is a central panel;

a plurality of apertures formed on a predetermined portion of at least one of said upstanding panels; and

a plurality of support members positioned within the predetermined apertures to define locations adapted to securely receive horticultural products to be stored and transported; and

(c) providing at least two perimeter panels disposed around said support structure, but within an interior area defined by the opposing tray side walls and end walls, with the ends of the perimeter panels overlapping one another such that a substantially enclosed crate is formed.

16. The method of claim 15 wherein providing the support structure comprises:

providing a plurality of upstanding panels and a central panel having a plurality of slots formed thereon;

bending a bendable segment of the central panel to overlay another portion of the central panel such that slots in the bendable segment trace slots formed in the overlayed portion of the central panel; and

interlocking a plurality of upstanding panels with the central panel via frictional engagement of a slot of one upstanding panel with a slot of the central panel, wherein the frictional engagement resists axial and transverse forces to maintain the defined crate interior.

17. The method of claim 15 wherein providing the support structure comprises

providing an end member on each end of the central panel, the end members comprising two portions, each portion pivotally attached to the central panel such that when a segment of the central panel is bent to overlay another segment of the central panel and an upstanding panel is interlocked with a slot adjacent an end member, the two portions of the end member resists deformation forces applied to the crate.