Reduced emissions transportation fuel

Transportation fuels are provided that have reduced toxics, VOC and NOx emissions, as well as, reduced sulfur content. The transportation fuels provided meet emissions reduction requirements determined by using the EPA Complex Model and for reduced sulfur. Reduction in sulfur content allows the use of components with high concentrations of olefins, while still reducing toxics, hydrocarbon (VOCs) and NOx emissions to acceptable levels.

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Description
RELATED APPLICATION INFORMATION

This application is a divisional of application Ser. No. 09/858,188 filed on May 15, 2001.

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

The invention relates to reduced emissions transportation fuels, formulated to reduce emissions of toxics, hydrocarbons (VOCs) and NOx. More particularly, the invention relates to transportation fuels that are formulated to reduce emissions of toxics, hydrocarbons (VOCs) and NOx, and have reduced sulfur content.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

There are many challenges for U.S. refiners to produce fuels that comply with environmental regulations and meet vehicle performance requirements. Federal and State Governments have regulated gasoline properties for many years. Generally, these regulations were developed to meet air quality goals. In 1990, the Federal Government issued the Clean Air Act Amendments, which required significant changes to gasoline used in certain areas of the United States.

Beginning Jan. 1, 1998, refiners had to certify their reformulated gasolines using the EPA Complex Model, a computer model that predicts emissions performance. The properties used in the Complex Model to predict emissions performance are: methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE) (wt. % oxygen), ethyl tert-butyl ether (ETBE) (wt. % oxygen), Ethanol (wt. % oxygen), Methanol (wt. % oxygen), tert-amyl methyl ether (TAME) (wt. % oxygen), sulfur (ppm), Reid Vapor Pressure (psi), 50% D-86 distillation point (° F.) or E200(%), 90% D-86 distillation point (° F.) or E300(%), aromatics (vol %), olefins (vol %), and benzene (vol %).

U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,288,393, 5,593,567, 5,653,866, 5,837,126 and 6,030,521 indicate that the primary factor effecting NOx emissions is Reid Vapor Pressure (RVP), with the 10% D-86 Distillation Point and Olefins content being of secondary importance. It is reported that since reductions in 10% D-86 Distillation Point are often unacceptable for performance reasons, olefins content is generally to be used as the secondary variable in decreasing NOx emissions. These U.S. patents report that a Reid Vapor Pressure of less than 8.0 psi and an olefins content not exceeding 15% by weight are preferred for NOx emissions reductions. These U.S. patents also reports that 50% D-86 and distillation points not exceeding 215° F. are preferred for reducing hydrocarbon and carbon monoxide emissions.

An olefins content of less than 15% by weight is generally not difficult to achieve in high octane blends, such as 93 octane gasoline, since these fuels are generally low in olefins due to the components used to produce them. However, it is more difficult to achieve this olefins content in lower octane fuels, such as 87 octane, because of the high olefins content of the components used to produce these fuels.

An additional issue facing refiners is the pending implementation of the EPA Tier 2 Motor Vehicle Emissions Standards and Gasoline Sulfur Control Requirements. Beginning in 2004, refiners must produce gasoline that averages 120 ppm sulfur with a batch limit of 300 ppm. In 2005, gasoline sulfur levels must average 90 ppm with a 300 ppm cap, and in 2006, these limits are a 30 ppm average with an 80 ppm cap.

It is desirable to produce transportation fuels that meet the emissions reductions requirements determined using EPA Complex Model and can be produced using components having a high concentration of olefins. It is further desirable to produce transportation fuels that meet the emissions reductions requirements using the EPA Complex Model and have reduced sulfur content.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The current invention provides transportation fuels that meet the emissions requirements for toxics, VOC and NOx as determined using the EPA Complex Model. Reductions in NOx emissions are achieved primarily by controlling the 90% D-86 distillation point, olefins content, aromatics content and sulfur content. Reductions in VOC emissions are achieved primarily by controlling Reid Vapor Pressure and secondarily by controlling aromatics content. Reductions in toxics emissions is achieved primarily by controlling aromatics and benzene content, 90% D-86 distillation point and the use of oxygenates. Transportation fuels according to the current invention can have olefins content from about 0-25% by weight, preferably about 15-25%. Sulfur content in transportation fuels according to the current invention is less than about 300 ppm, preferably less than about 120 ppm, and most preferably less than about 80 ppm. Reduced sulfur content in transportation fuels according to the current invention allows higher olefins content and higher 50 and 90% D-86 distillation points than would otherwise be required for meeting emissions reduction requirements.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

The present invention relates to transportation fuels blended to comply with the requirements for emissions reduction, determined using the EPA Complex Model. The EPA Complex Model uses the following parameters for estimating NOx, VOC and toxics emissions: methyl tert-butyl ether (wt. % oxygen), ethyl tert-butyl ether (wt. % oxygen), ethanol (wt. % oxygen), methanol (wt. % oxygen), tert-amyl methyl ether (wt. % oxygen), sulfur (ppm), Reid Vapor Pressure, D-86 50% distillation point (° F.) or E200 (%), D-86 90% distillation point (° F.) or E300 (%), aromatics (volume %), olefins (volume %) and benzene (volume %). As defined in the complex model, the wt. % oxygen contributed by an oxygenating component, such as methyl tert-butyl ether, is the percent oxygen content in the fuel blend on a total weight basis. As defined in the EPA Complex Model, the E200 (%) and E300 (%) are the percentages of a fuel that vaporizes at 200° F. and 300° F. respectively.

Fuels according to the current invention were blended to comply with the requirements for reductions in NOx emissions by controlling at least one of the following properties from the EPA Complex Model: the 90% D-86 distillation point, olefins content, aromatics content and sulfur content, as indicated in the tables. VOC emissions are controlled by controlling Reid Vapor Pressure and aromatics content. Toxics emissions are controlled by controlling aromatics and benzene content, 90% D-86 distillation point and the use of oxygenates.

According to one embodiment, fuels of the current invention have octane ratings of 94 (R+M)/2 or lower, preferred octane ratings being 87, 93 and 94. The 50% D-86 distillation point of fuels according to this embodiment of the invention is less than about 235° F., preferably from about 215° F. to about 235° F. The 90% D-86 distillation point of fuels according to this embodiment of the invention is less than about 360° F., preferably from about 315° F. to about 360° F. Olefins content of fuels according to this embodiment of the invention is less than about 25%, preferably from about 15% to about 25%. Aromatics content of fuels according to this embodiment of the invention is less than about 47%, preferably from about 20% to about 40%. Sulfur content for fuels according to this embodiment of the invention is less than about 300 ppm. Preferably, the sulfur content of fuels according to this embodiment of the invention is about 120 ppm or less, more preferably about 80 ppm or less.

Fuels according to this embodiment of the invention fall into two basic categories, oxygenated and non-oxygenated fuels. For the purposes of the invention, non-oxygenated fuels are those fuels that contain less than 0.1% oxygen by weight. In preferred embodiments, oxygen can be introduce by using oxygenating components, such as: ethyl tert-butyl ether (EtBE), methyl tert-butyl ether (MtBE), tert-amyl methyl ether (TAME), ethanol and methanol. Selection of a particular oxygenating component is within the purview of an individual skilled in the art.

It will be recognized that the examples presented here are for illustrative purposes only and should not be construed as placing a limitation upon the scope of the invention. Further the development of procedures for blending hydrocarbon streams to achieve fuels having the desired content of the several components listed in Tables 1, 2, 3 and 4 can be carried out by one skilled in the art, without undue experimentation. Methods for developing procedures for blending hydrocarbon streams to produce fuels having the desired content of aromatics, olefins, etc., as well as 10, 50 and 90% D-86 distillation points include, but are not limited to, linear programming and non-linear programming. Those skilled in the art will recognize that the fuel blends of the current invention are not limited to a particular method of developing blending procedures to produce them.

Tables 1, 2, 3 and 4 show examples of transportation fuels of various octane ratings according to the current invention. The examples shown in Tables 1, 3 and 4 are oxygenated fuels. Table 2 shows non-oxygenated fuels. The values presented for olefins and aromatics content in Tables 1, 2, 3 and 4 are not corrected for content of oxygenates. Tables 5, 6, 7 and 8 show emissions of toxics, VOCs and NOx for the fuels shown in Tables 1, 2, 3 and 4, and reductions versus emissions for an industry average baseline fuel calculated using the EPA Complex Model. The industry average baseline fuel has the following properties: 339 ppm sulfur, 1.53% benzene, 8.7 psi RVP, 87.3(R+M)/2, 128F T10, 218F T50, 330F T90, 32% aromatics, 9.2% olefins and 58.8% saturates. These values represent average 1990 nationwide (excluding California) gasoline composition.

The values for aromatics, benzene, olefins and sulfur content reported in Tables 1, 2, 3 and 4 were corrected for oxygen content prior to being used to calculate emissions for the example fuels in the EPA Complex Model.

The data from Tables 5, 6, 7 and 8 show a decrease in emissions of toxics, VOCs and NOx versus the baseline fuel. Table 6 shows emissions for non-oxygenated fuels. Tables 5, 7 and 8 show emissions for oxygenated fuels according to a preferred embodiment. Emissions values for toxics, NOx and VOCs is reported in mg/mile. The values for percentage reduction are calculated versus an industry average baseline fuel. In addition, all fuels according to this embodiment meet the EPA requirement of not more than 300 ppm sulfur. Non-oxygenated fuels according to the current invention show a reduction in toxics emissions of up to about 28%, a reduction in NOx emissions of up to about 14%, and a reduction in VOC emissions of up to about 22% versus an industry average baseline fuel. Oxygenated fuels according to the current invention show a reduction in toxics emissions of up to about 40%, a reduction in NOx emissions of up to about 16%, and a reduction in VOC emissions of up to about 36% versus an industry average baseline fuel.

According to another embodiment, the current invention provides a blend stock for use in blending with oxygenates to produce an oxygenated fuel. Blend stocks according to this embodiment have an octane rating of at least 83.5 and are suitable for blending with oxygenates to produce a reduced emissions transportation fuel. Blend stocks according to this embodiment of the invention have a 50% D-86 distillation point of less than about 232° F., preferably from about 215° F. to about 232° F., and a 90% D-86 distillation point less than about 360° F., preferably from about 315° F. to about 360° F. The aromatics content of blend stocks according to this embodiment of the invention is less than about 33%, preferably from about 14% to about 33%. The olefins content of blend stocks according to this embodiment of the invention is less than about 21%, preferably from about 15% to about 21%.

Blend stocks according to this embodiment of the invention are blended with an oxygenating component to produce an oxygenated transportation fuel. Such oxygenating components include ethyl tert-butyl ether (EtBE), methyl tert-butyl ether (MtBE), tert-amyl methyl ether (TAME), ethanol and methanol.

A preferred embodiment provides a blend stock having an octane rating of 83.5. According to this embodiment, the blend stock is blended with ethanol to produce a transportation fuel having an octane rating of from about 87 to about 90. Table 9 shows examples of fuels produced from a blend stock according to this preferred embodiment, blended with ethanol. Table 10 shows emissions data for the examples in Table 9. Fuels produced from blend stocks according to this embodiment show a reduction in toxics emissions of up to about 26%, a reduction in NOx emissions of up to about 10%, and a reduction in VOCs of up to about 25%. Reductions in emissions were determined versus an industry standard baseline fuel.

TABLE 1 87 RFG Blends Olefins D86 D86 MtBE Batch Octane RVP Aromatic Benzene cont. 50% 90% Sulfur cont. EtBE TAME Methanol Ethanol oxygen ID Rating psi cont. (%) cont. (%) (%) ° F. ° F. ppm (%) cont. (%) cont. (%) cont. (%) cont. (%) cont. (%) 0001 87 6.83 16.85 0.28 13.93 208 352 156 1.858 0 0 0 0 1.858 0002 87 6.35 15.94 0.62 17.17 193 343 203 2.541 0 0.016 0.025 0 2.582 0003 87 6.83 16.47 0.55 15.78 190 336 34 2.503 0 0 0 0 2.503 0004 87 6.60 24.81 0.57 11.57 219 316 102 1.949 0 0 0 0 1.949 0005 87 6.92 22.48 0.82 11.66 195 337 126 2.104 0 0 0 0 2.104 0006 87 7.31 23.51 0.54 11.76 188 331 135 2.092 0 0.005 0 0 2.097 0007 87 6.83 18.68 0.56 23.63 193 348 143 2.679 0 0.002 0 0 2.681 0008 87 6.69 18.02 0.53 12.37 182.8 336 146 2.6 0 0.002 0 0 2.602 0009 87 7.31 23.45 0.49 12.75 197 340.7 154 2.042 0 0.004 0 0 2.046 0010 87 7.03 22.36 0.47 10.76 195 347 166 1.945 0 0 0 0 1.945 0011 87 6.35 20.76 0.45 12.22 201 343 168 2.374 0 0 0 0 2.374 0012 87 7.06 23.17 0.45 13.44 209 347 171 1.782 0 0 0 0 1.782 0013 87 6.66 17.98 0.43 19.5 196 343 172 2.683 0 0.014 0.2 0 2.897 0014 87 6.56 34.25 0.58 18.06 198 341 189 2.626 0 0.002 0 0 2.628 0015 87 7.18 12.8 0.59 12.82 191.6 321.6 190 2.597 0 0 0 0 2.597 0016 87 6.73 23.81 0.5 15.93 219 347 239 2.584 0 0 0 0 2.584 0017 87 6.9 15.87 0.49 19.73 201 353 284 2.579 0 0 0 0 2.579 0018 87 6.57 17.09 0.57 19.44 197 348 298 2.312 0 0.008 0 0 2.32

TABLE 2 93 N Blends D86 D86 EtBE Batch Octane RVP Aromatic Benzene Olefins 50% 90% Sulfur MtBE cont. TAME Methanol Ethanol oxygen ID Rating psi cont. (%) cont. (%) cont. (%) ° F. ° F. ppm cont. (%) (%) cont. (%) cont. (%) cont. (%) cont. (%) 0019 93 6.63 31.86 0.59 7.71 230 319 41 0.03 0 0 0 0 0.03 0020 93 6.47 30.76 0.59 1.2 234 316 27 0.039 0 0 0 0 0.039 0021 93 6.15 27.33 0.45 1.3 231.7 312.1 34 0.049 0 0 0 0 0.049 0022 93 6.19 28.73 0.73 3.11 228 308 34 0.046 0 0 0 0 0.046 0023 93 6.4 36.18 0.82 4.8 227 312 36 0.016 0 0 0 0 0.016 0024 93 6.44 31.47 0.62 8.61 232.2 321.8 42 0.03 0 0 0 0 0.03 0025 93 6.54 24.1 0.55 5.71 224 310 57 0.028 0 0 0 0 0.028 0026 93 6.5 34.59 0.74 7.61 228 316 66 0.03 0 0 0 0 0.03 0027 93 6.5 35.73 0.77 3.3 231 317 25 0.16 0 0 0 0 0.016 0028 93 6.58 35.97 0.86 4.9 228.9 313.4 24 0.015 0 0 0 0 0.015 0029 93 6.7 35.19 0.61 3.81 229.5 321.6 27 0.03 0 0 0 0 0.03 0030 93 6.45 30.37 0.54 6.01 230 320 32 0.019 0 0 0 0 0.019 0031 93 6.44 28.05 0.6 5.41 229 310 42 0.043 0 0 0 0 0.043 0032 93 6.51 25.77 0.56 5.41 227 319 70 0.035 0 0 0 0 0.035

TABLE 3 93 RFG Blends D86 D86 EtBE Batch Octane RVP Aromatic Benzene Olefins 50% 90% Sulfur MtBE cont. TAME Methanol Ethanol oxygen ID Rating psi cont. (%) cont. (%) cont. (%) ° F. ° F. ppm cont. (%) (%) cont. (%) cont. (%) cont. (%) cont. (%) 0033 93 6.72 25.31 0.34 9.77 216 330 3 2.507 0 0 0 0 2.507 0034 93 6.69 31.05 0.48 5.08 219.7 325.3 65 2.387 0 0 0 0 2.387 0035 93 6.82 30.39 0.55 7.17 219 328 84 2.166 0 0 0 0 2.166 0036 93 6.66 36.31 0.72 9.36 222.8 332.8 88 1.98 0 0 0 0 1.98 0037 93 6.4 35.52 0.56 9.46 220 327 90 2.163 0 0 0 0 2.163 0038 93 6.76 36.97 0.65 11.48 217.2 328.5 90 2.559 0 0 0 0 2.559 0039 93 6.43 21.73 0.29 10.78 212 328 97 2.628 0 0 0 0 2.628 0040 93 6.61 22.66 0.3 9.84 212 328 102 2.642 0 0 0 0 2.642 0041 93 6.53 26.53 0.37 13.33 213.5 328.7 106 2.575 0 0.002 0 0 2.577 0042 93 6.87 35.31 0.63 13.26 209.5 330.8 108 2.593 0 0 0 0 2.593 0043 93 6.89 25.59 0.39 11 212 327 110 2.604 0 0.002 0 0 2.606 0044 93 7.02 32.14 0.6 11.81 209 322 114 2.561 0 0 0 0 2.561 0045 93 6.76 26.2 0.42 13.17 222.8 332.8 272 2.535 0 0.004 0 0 2.539 0046 93 6.85 27.63 0.53 7.34 217 328 83 2.042 0 0 0 0 2.042 0047 93 6.93 30.52 0.44 10.87 211 329 102 2.237 0 0.002 0 0 2.239 0048 93 6.47 25.82 0.45 10.06 215.1 327.5 94 2.587 0 0.005 0 0 2.592 0049 93 6.76 22.17 0.31 11.36 214 331 84 2.618 0 0 0 0 2.618 0050 93 6.7 23.36 0.32 11.71 212 332 95 2.625 0 0.002 0 0 2.627

TABLE 4 94 RFG Blends D86 D86 EtBE Batch Octane RVP Aromatic Benzene Olefins 50% 90% Sulfur MtBE cont. TAME Methanol Ethanol oxygen ID Rating psi cont. (%) cont. (%) cont. (%) ° F. ° F. ppm cont. (%) (%) cont. (%) cont. (%) cont. (%) cont. (%) 0051 94 6.6 26.42 0.39 2.18 221 313 18 2.33 0 0.002 0 0 2.332 0052 94 6.67 25.46 0.39 15.49 214.5 325.3 30 2.643 0 0 0 0 2.643 0053 94 6.76 29.17 0.4 1.25 220 304 44 2.184 0 0 0 0 2.184 0054 94 6.48 25.37 0.38 1.8 218 304 52 1.971 0 0 0 0 1.971 0055 94 6.35 31.14 0.5 9.44 219.3 323.3 54 2.518 0 0 0 0 2.518 0056 94 6.57 37.21 0.49 7.87 221 314 56 2.657 0 0 0 0 2.657 0057 94 6.7 22.82 0.27 5.05 216 316 62 2.67 0 0.002 0 0 2.672 0058 94 6.41 34.5 0.63 7.52 220 320 65 2.388 0 0 0 0 2.388 0059 94 6.56 29.31 0.41 2.52 228 312 67 2.289 0 0 0 0 2.289 0060 94 6.7 22.15 0.34 5.18 217 318 69 2.726 0 0.002 0 0 2.728 0061 94 6.5 36.58 0.7 8.27 219.6 318.9 70 2.486 0 0 0 0 2.486 0062 94 6.61 45.97 0.33 12.26 219 314 71 2.554 0 0 0 0 2.554 0063 94 6.43 37.22 0.51 10.22 223 323 79 2.258 0 0 0 0 2.258 0064 94 6.86 26.9 0.41 12.96 211 323 82 2.575 0 0 0 0 2.575 0065 94 6.53 22.62 0.36 3.34 217 307 84 2.393 0 0 0 0 2.393 0066 94 6.74 29.41 0.44 9.6 219 331 96 2.589 0 0 0 0 2.589 0067 94 6.6 32.09 0.49 7.26 219.3 325.8 111 2.587 0 0.005 0 0 2.592

TABLE 5 87 RFG Blends total toxics % reduc. total NOx % reduc. total VOC % reduc. Batch ID mg/mi. toxics mg/mi. NOx mg/mi. VOC 0001 53.663 37.85 1220.804 8.89 1009.539 31.15 0002 54.617 36.75 1260.524 5.93 943.339 35.67 0003 51.757 40.06 1161.106 13.35 960.592 34.49 0004 57.1 33.87 1198.895 10.53 1009.908 31.13 0005 57.73 33.14 1218.239 9.08 1013.739 30.86 0006 55.512 35.71 1231.645 8.09 1050.877 28.33 0007 55.614 35.59 1310.781 2.18 974.642 33.53 0008 52.42 39.29 1213.766 9.42 965.87 34.13 0009 56.221 34.89 1244.89 7.10 1067.402 27.20 0010 55.912 35.24 1237.985 7.61 1045.064 28.73 0011 54.525 36.85 1228.115 8.35 974.231 33.56 0012 57.583 33.31 1255.382 6.31 1069.352 27.07 0013 53.964 37.50 1273.615 4.95 970.785 33.794 0014 60.783 29.60 1323.784 1.21 1014.197 30.83 0015 52.563 39.12 1210.381 9.67 1015.472 30.75 0016 57.985 32.84 1292.061 3.58 1040.895 29.01 0017 56.083 35.05 1318.623 1.60 1008.762 31.20 0018 57.318 33.62 1333.292 0.50 980.26 33.15

TABLE 6 93N Blends total toxics % reduc. total NOx % reduc. total VOC % reduc. Batch ID mg/mi. toxics mg/mi. NOx mg/mi. VOC 0019 65.15 24.55 1171.869 12.55 1171.869 20.08 0020 64.189 25.66 1148.856 14.26 1148.856 21.65 0021 61.009 29.34 1145.354 14.53 1145.354 21.89 0022 64.495 25.30 1150.499 14.14 1150.499 21.54 0023 70.126 18.78 1164.217 13.12 1164.217 20.60 0024 65.794 23.80 1172.023 12.54 1172.023 20.07 0025 60.718 29.68 1156.487 13.70 1156.487 21.13 0026 68.982 20.11 1188.81 11.28 1188.81 18.93 0027 68.993 20.10 1156.441 13.70 1156.441 21.13 0028 70.24 18.65 1157.309 13.63 1157.309 21.07 0029 66.628 22.83 1160.761 13.38 1160.761 20.84 0030 63.824 26.08 1154.843 13.82 1154.843 21.24 0031 63.285 26.71 1153.867 13.89 1153.867 21.31 0032 62.031 28.16 1167.365 12.88 1167.385 20.39

TABLE 7 93 RFG Blends total toxics % reduc. total NOx % reduc. total VOC % reduc. Batch ID mg/mi. toxics mg/mi. NOx mg/mi. VOC 0033 52.728 38.93 1131.315 15.57 1008.601 31.22 0034 56.823 34.19 1174.724 12.33 1042.582 28.90 0035 58.161 32.64 1188.805 11.28 1054.784 28.07 0036 63.21 26.79 1209.203 9.76 1066.4 27.27 0037 60.566 29.86 1208.29 9.83 1031.563 29.65 0038 61.071 29.27 1218.305 9.08 1053.511 28.15 0039 52.155 39.60 1177.518 12.13 980.074 33.16 0040 52.396 39.32 1181.889 11.80 995.448 32.11 0041 54.755 36.59 1213.297 9.46 996.42 32.05 0042 60.195 30.28 1239.889 7.47 1048.015 28.53 0043 54.314 37.10 1202.598 10.25 1026.829 29.97 0044 58.593 32.14 1229.95 8.21 1051.698 28.28 0045 57.535 33.37 1295.935 3.29 1033.95 29.49 0046 57.107 33.86 1183.611 11.67 1047.105 28.59 0047 57.147 33.82 1216.821 9.19 1045.436 28.70 0048 54.774 36.56 1187.554 11.38 998.079 31.93 0049 54.482 39.22 1174.942 12.32 1007.71 31.28 0050 52.954 38.67 1188.511 11.31 1002.73 31.62

TABLE 8 94 RFG Blends total toxics % reduc. total NOx % reduc. total VOC % reduc. Batch ID mg/mi. toxics mg/mi. NOx mg/mi. VOC 0051 54.023 37.43 1127.058 15.89 1038.065 29.21 0052 53.703 37.80 1175.604 12.27 992.671 32.30 0053 55.309 35.94 1155.202 13.79 1045.575 28.69 0054 54.246 37.17 1150.07 14.17 1016.016 30.71 0055 56.737 34.29 1173.981 12.39 1025.477 30.06 0056 58.424 32.34 1180.476 11.90 1027.691 29.91 0057 51.549 40.30 1145.58 14.51 1016.879 30.65 0058 59.513 31.07 1183.136 11.71 1021.007 30.37 0059 56.324 34.77 1161.916 13.29 1061.07 27.64 0060 51.937 39.85 1146.926 14.41 1016.567 30.67 0061 60.897 29.47 1191.626 11.07 1028.754 29.84 0062 61.895 28.31 1208.198 9.84 1039.163 29.13 0063 60.636 29.77 1203.574 10.18 1039.971 29.08 0064 54.625 36.74 1200.047 10.44 1017.282 30.62 0065 52.298 39.43 1164.296 13.11 991.256 32.40 0066 56.046 35.09 1197.383 10.64 1033.807 29.50 0067 57.709 33.16 1204.716 10.10 1040.943 29.01

TABLE 9 Blend Stocks Blended with Ethanol D86 Batch Octane RVP Aromatic Benzene Olefins 50% D86 90% Sulfur MtBE EtBE TAME Methanol Ethanol ID Rating psi cont. (%) cont. (%) cont. (%) ° F. ° F. ppm cont. (%) cont. (%) cont. (%) cont. (%) cont. (%) 0068 88.8 7.22 31 0.82 10.6 205 332 101 0 0 0 0 3.5 0069 89.6 7.19 32.6 0.82 9.8 211 335 85 0 0 0 0 3.5 0070 88.6 7.31 36.8 0.72 8.9 212 335 81 0 0 0 0 3.5 0071 88.4 7.5 33.3 0.68 10.2 209 334 105 0 0 0 0 3.5 0072 88.1 7.34 23.81 0.44 15.65 208 356 271 0 0 0 0 3.5 0073 87.3 7.19 31.3 0.74 10.7 219 333 120 0 0 0 0 3.5 0074 88 7.46 28.21 0.71 19.73 203 338 186 0 0 0 0 3.5

TABLE 10 Blend Stocks Blended with Ethanol total toxics % reduc. total NOx % reduc. total VOC % reduc. Batch ID mg/mi. toxics mg/mi. NOx mg/mi. VOC 0068 61.791 25.76 1222.92 8.74 1103.88 24.72 0069 62.436 25.03 1211.86 9.56 1115.09 23.95 0070 63.539 24.01 1213.11 9.47 1153.18 21.36 0071 62.146 25.65 1227.91 8.37 1160.46 20.86 0072 60.659 28.27 1320.81 1.43 1119.11 23.68 0073 62.328 25.41 1231.00 8.13 1122.42 23.45 0074 62.786 24.83 1342.47 0.00 1118.12 23.75

Claims

1. A method for producing a transportation fuel, the method comprising;

blending a plurality of hydrocarbon streams to produce a transportation fuel complying with the emissions performance requirements of the Clean Air Act Amendments for Conventional Gasoline and for Reformulated Gasoline as predicted by the EPA Complex Model, said transportation fuel having:
a) a sulfur content of less than about 300 ppm,
b) an octane rating of from about 87 to about 94,
c) a 50% D-86 distillation point of greater than about 215° F.,
d) a 90% D-86 distillation point of less than about 360° F.,
e) an olefins content of greater than about 15%, and
f) a Reid Vapor Pressure of less than 7.5.

2. The method according to claim 1, wherein said transportation fuel has a sulfur content of less than 80 ppm.

3. The method according to claim 1, further comprising blending said transportation fuel with at least one oxygenating component selected from the group consisting of ethyl tert-butyl ether, methyl tert-butyl ether, tert-amyl methyl ether, methanol and ethanol.

4. A method for producing a transportation fuel, the method comprising;

blending a plurality of hydrocarbon streams to produce a transportation fuel complying with the emissions performance requirements of the Clean Air Act Amendments for Conventional Gasoline and for Reformulated Gasoline as predicted by the EPA Complex Model, said fuel having:
a) a sulfur content of less than about 300 ppm,
b) an octane rating of from about 87 to about 94,
c) a 50% D-86 distillation point of less than about 235° F.,
d) a 90% D-86 distillation point of greater than about 315° F.,
e) an olefins content of greater than about 15%, and
f) a Reid Vapor Pressure of less than 7.5.

5. The method according to claim 4, wherein said transportation fuel has a sulfur content of less than 80 ppm.

6. The method according to claim 4, further comprising blending said transportation fuel with at least one oxygenating component selected from the group consisting of ethyl tert-butyl ether, methyl tert-butyl ether, tert-amyl methyl ether, methanol and ethanol.

7. A method for producing a transportation fuel, the method comprising;

blending a plurality of hydrocarbon streams to produce a transportation fuel complying with the emissions performance requirements of the Clean Air Act Amendments for Conventional Gasoline and for Reformulated Gasoline as predicted by the EPA Complex Model, said fuel having:
a) a sulfur content of less than about 300 ppm,
b) an octane rating of from about 87 to about 94,
c) a 50% D-86 distillation point of less than about 235° F.,
d) a 90% D-86 distillation point of less than about 360° F.,
e) an olefins content of greater than about 15%, and
f) a Reid Vapor Pressure of less than 7.5.

8. The method according to claim 7, wherein said transportation fuel has a sulfur content of less than 80 ppm.

9. The method according to claim 7, further comprising blending said transportation fuel with at least one oxygenating component selected from the group consisting of ethyl tert-butyl ether, methyl tert-butyl ether, tert-amyl methyl ether, methanol and ethanol.

10. A method for producing an oxygenated transportation fuel, the method comprising;

providing a blend stock suitable for blending with an oxygenating component to produce a transportation fuel complying with the emissions performance requirements of the Clean Air Act Amendments for Conventional Gasoline and for Reformulated Gasoline as predicted by the EPA Complex Model, said blend stock having the following properties;
a) sulfur content of less than about 300 ppm,
b) an octane rating of at least 83.5,
c) a 50% D-86 distillation point of less than about 232° F.,
d) a 90% D-86 distillation point of less than about 360° F.,
e) an olefins content of greater than about 15%,
f) a Reid Vapor Pressure of less than 7.5, and
blending said blend stock with an oxygenate to produce a transportation fuel having an octane rating of at least 87.

11. The method according to claim 10, wherein said blend stock has a sulfur content of less than 80 ppm.

12. The method according to claim 10, wherein said oxygenate is selected from the group consisting of ethyl tert-butyl ether, methyl tert-butyl ether, tert-amyl methyl ether, methanol and ethanol.

13. The method according to claim 11, wherein said oxygenate is selected from the group consisting of ethyl tert-butyl ether, methyl tert-butyl ether, tert-amyl methyl ether, methanol and ethanol.

Patent History
Publication number: 20050000856
Type: Application
Filed: Jul 22, 2004
Publication Date: Jan 6, 2005
Inventors: Helen Doherty (Bryn Mawr, PA), H. Roehl (Chadds Ford, PA)
Application Number: 10/897,666
Classifications
Current U.S. Class: 208/16.000; 208/15.000; 585/14.000