Fecal incontinence management device
An apparatus, and corresponding method, for management of fecal incontinence comprising a catheter having at least two electrodes and an inflatable balloon, a non-conductive sleeve surrounding the electrodes, and an alarm box, wherein the catheter is insertable into a rectal vault and is inflatable to serve as a block to passage of stool and wherein moisture sensed by the electrodes triggers the alarm box and thereby notifies a user that fecal material has entered the rectal vault.
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This application is a continuation application of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 10/401,479 entitled “Fecal Incontinence Management Device”, to Nemir et al., filed on Mar. 28, 2003 which claimed the benefit of the filing of U.S. Provisional Patent Application Ser. No. 60/435,808 entitled “Fecal Incontinence Management Device”, to Nemir et al., filed on Dec. 21, 2002, and the specifications and claims of both applications are incorporated herein by reference.
STATEMENT REGARDING FEDERALLY SPONSORED RESEARCH OR DEVELOPMENTNot Applicable.
INCORPORATION BY REFERENCE OF MATERIAL SUBMITTED ON A COMPACT DISCNot Applicable.
COPYRIGHTED MATERIALNot Applicable.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION1. Field of the Invention (Technical Field):
This invention relates to an apparatus and method for the treatment of fecal incontinence wherein a fecal dam and fecal matter sensor are retained within the rectal vault to both prevent the passage of stool and to sense the occurrence of the filling of the rectal vault. When the sensor detects the presence of feces within the rectal vault, it signals the user or caregiver, allowing bowel management without the attendant need for diapers.
2. Description of Related Art
Fecal incontinence (FI) is the impaired ability to control stool. Although not a life-threatening disease, symptoms are often distressing and socially incapacitating. For patients who are under nursing care, there is a labor cost associated with disposing of fecal waste after a patient's incontinent episode and cleaning the patient after the event. Other problems include the possible excoriation of the patient's skin when it is exposed to fecal waste for significant amounts of time, and the risk of contamination for patients and nursing personnel from fecal material. Economically, the replacement of soiled bed linens, blankets and gowns compounds the loss of valuable nursing time and effort.
According to published reports, daily or weekly episodes of fecal incontinence occur in approximately 2% of the adult population and in about 7% of healthy, independent adults over the age of 65. Fecal incontinence is second only to dementia as the cause of institutionalization in the elderly and has been variously estimated to affect between 32% to 47% of all nursing home residents. In addition, FI accounts for expenses of over $400 million per year for adult diapers alone. The condition arises from a number of causes including spinal bifida, dementia, obstetric injury and side effects of anorectal surgery.
Minor degrees of fecal incontinence can be managed through diet. For some patients, surgery and/or biofeedback treatment has been used with success. For some patients, electrical stimulation may be used or an artificial sphincter may be surgically implanted. However, there are a large number of patients suffering from fecal incontinence for whom medical therapy and/or surgical therapy have either failed or are inappropriate due to the patient's medical condition, circumstances, or personal choice.
U.S. Pat. No. 4,686,985 (Lottick) discloses an anal dilator and occluder which has multiple chambers and which is inserted partially into the rectum and inflated, thereby serving a dual role of creating a controllable opening that can either block the passage of stool, or can be used to widen a narrow anus, allowing stool to pass. U.S. Pat. No. 4,979,947 (Berman) discloses an encapsulated expanding device that is coated in a gelatin capsule and is inserted into the rectum. When the gelatin capsule becomes moist, it dissolves, allowing a compressed foam to expand, thereby blocking the passage of stool. An attached string which comes out of a hole in the abdominal wall can then be used to adjust the position of the foam dam and allow feces to pass. The above two inventions do not disclose a means to alert the user as to the need to void the bowels. Since many patients suffer from nerve damage and cannot sense the need to evacuate the bowels, leakage or other undesirable effects may occur due to a prolonged retention of stool within the rectal vault.
U.S. Pat. No. 5,695,484 (Cox) discloses an adhesive patch for managing fecal incontinence by blocking seepage from the anus. U.S. Pat. No. 6,096,057 (Klingenstein) discloses a fecal incontinence device that uses external wings that are held in place in the cleft of the buttocks by an expandible member that is inserted into the rectum, with the combination said to block the passage of feces. The problem with these approaches is that they do not incorporate an alarming means to alert the user of the need to evacuate the bowels. Left unattended, the devices can lead to impaction of stool and attendant problems such as necrosis of tissues in the anus and rectum.
U.S. Pat. No. 4,813,422 (Fisher et al) discloses a bowel control probe apparatus and method for sensing and preventing incontinent episodes. A deflated balloon catheter is inserted into the rectal vault and is then inflated to serve as a dam to block the passage of stool. At the tip of the catheter assembly is an optical sensor that uses infrared technology to sense the presence of stool. When fecal matter presses into an optical emitter/detector sensor, it causes an alarm to alert the wearer or caregiver that the bowels need attention. One disadvantage of the device is that because fecal matter can cause permanent occlusion of the optical sensor, the device must be discarded after each use. For a patient who has multiple daily bowel movements, the cost can be prohibitive.
U.S. Provisional Patent Application Ser. No. 60/313,540 (Brady) proposes a bowel incontinence treatment device having a balloon catheter and annular electrode sensors to detect the presence of fecal material. The problem with the design is that annular electrodes are prone to nuisance tripping (false positives) upon insertion and during wear.
The present invention solves the problems of the prior art noted above.
BRIEF SUMMARY OF THE INVENTIONThe present invention is of an apparatus for management of fecal incontinence, comprising: means for blocking passage of stool from a rectal vault by use of an inflatable balloon; means for detecting an electrically conductive path that occurs between at least two electrodes when they come into contact with fecal matter; a non-conductive sleeve surrounding the electrodes; and means for alarming a user or caregiver upon detection of the electrically conductive path, thereby alerting the user or caregiver of a need to evacuate the rectal vault.
The present invention is also of an apparatus for management of fecal incontinence comprising a catheter having at least two electrodes and an inflatable balloon, a non-conductive sleeve surrounding the electrodes, and an alarm box, wherein the catheter is insertable into a rectal vault and is inflatable to serve as a block to passage of stool and wherein moisture sensed by the electrodes triggers the alarm box and thereby notifies a user that fecal material has entered the rectal vault. In the preferred embodiment, an integrated circuit (preferably with a memory device) is built into the catheter, the integrated circuit providing a means to monitor an amount of time that the catheter is in use. A moisture trace across the electrodes completes a voltage divider and causes a comparator to change states. The non-conductive sleeve is porous but impedes intrusion of moisture onto the electrodes, thereby allowing sensitivity of the alarming means to be tailored to different stool consistencies and reducing occurrences of false alarms during insertion. The sleeve is preferably detachable and designed for one time use, and comprises an external support flange with flexible attachment guides configured so that when the balloon is inflated, the attachment guides deform, causing the external support flange and the balloon to move closer to each other and serving to seat the balloon at an anorectal line, most preferably wherein the external support flange provides a platform onto which an absorbent pad may be added, thereby ensuring that seepage around the balloon is reduced to reduce soiling of undergarments. In one embodiment, the balloon deflates over a period of time to enforce a minimum level of attention.
The present invention is further of a method for management of fecal incontinence, comprising: blocking passage of stool from a rectal vault by use of an inflatable balloon; detecting an electrically conductive path that occurs between at least two electrodes when they come into contact with fecal matter; employing a non-conductive sleeve surrounding the electrodes; and alarming a user or caregiver upon detection of the electrically conductive path, thereby alerting the user or caregiver of a need to evacuate the rectal vault. In the preferred embodiment, the blocking, detecting, and employing steps are performed by a catheter. The method preferably additionally comprises monitoring an amount of time that the catheter is in use, most preferably employing an integrated circuit comprising a memory device. In the detecting step a moisture trace across the electrodes completes a voltage divider and causes a comparator to change states. The non-conductive sleeve is porous but impedes intrusion of moisture onto the electrodes, thereby allowing sensitivity of alarming to be tailored to different stool consistencies and reducing occurrences of false alarms during insertion. Preferably the sleeve is detachable and designed for one time use, and comprises an external support flange with flexible attachment guides configured so that when the balloon is inflated, the attachment guides deform, causing the external support flange and the balloon to move closer to each other and serving to seat the balloon at an anorectal line, most preferably wherein the external support flange provides a platform onto which an absorbent pad may be added, thereby ensuring that seepage around the balloon is reduced to reduce soiling of undergarments. In one embodiment, the method additionally comprises permitting the balloon to deflate over a period of time to enforce a minimum level of attention.
Other objects, advantages and novel features, and further scope of applicability of the present invention will be set forth in part in the detailed description to follow, taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, and in part will become apparent to those skilled in the art upon examination of the following, or may be learned by practice of the invention. The objects and advantages of the invention may be realized and attained by means of the instrumentalities and combinations particularly pointed out in the appended claims.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE SEVERAL VIEWS OF THE DRAWINGSThe accompanying drawings, which are incorporated into and form a part of the specification, illustrate one or more embodiments of the present invention and, together with the description, serve to explain the principles of the invention. The drawings are only for the purpose of illustrating one or more preferred embodiments of the invention and are not to be construed as limiting the invention. In the drawings:
- 20—Dual lumen tube
- 22—Balloon
- 24—Valve
- 26—Small lumen
- 30—Tip assembly
- 32—Electrical conductors
- 34—Electrical connector
- 35—Electrical connector
- 36—Integrated circuit
- 38—Sleeve assembly
- 39—Sleeve holes
- 40—Rectum
- 42—Stool
- 44—Anorectal line
- 46—Comparator
- 48—Resistor divider
- 50—Reference resistor
- 52—Comparator output
- 54—Patient notification device
- 55—Microcontroller
- 56—First electrode
- 58—Second electrode
- 60—Thread
- 62—Flatus vent hole
- 64—External support flange
- 66—Flexible attachment guides
- 68—Tip covering
The present invention is an apparatus and method for managing fecal incontinence. The invention comprises use of a dual lumen catheter with a balloon attached near the distal end. The distal end of the catheter is inserted into the anus in a deflated condition and once resident in the rectum it is inflated to a size that blocks the passage of stool, serving the same function as the sphincter. In the tip of the catheter are two electrodes. When a moisture path is in place across these electrodes (indicative of feces impinging onto the sensor) an electrical conduction takes place that can be sensed in an attached alarm unit, thereby alerting the user to the need to evacuate the bowels. Since the electrodes are easily cleaned, the catheter may be reused multiple times. For ambulatory patients, the mechanical barrier created by the inflated balloon allows the user sufficient time to reach a toilet, thus precluding an unintended passage of stool. Voluntary evacuation is accomplished after deflating the balloon and removing the catheter from the rectum. Once the rectum is emptied, the catheter is reinserted and the balloon is reinflated.
In some embodiments, it will be desirable to use a “leaky” balloon wherein either a calibrated leak is built into the valve assembly that is used to inflate the balloon, or the balloon itself is built of a slightly porous material through which the inflation medium passes out gradually over time. The purpose of this is to ensure that the device is not misused by leaving it unattended for extended periods of time. A balloon that repeatably and reliably deflates to an unusable small size over a period of, perhaps, four hours, ensures that the device will receive periodic attention from the user or caregiver.
The proximal end of the catheter assembly, which remains outside of the body, has a built-in integrated circuit that keeps count of the amount of time that the catheter is hooked into an alarm box. This alarm box or “patient notification device” is worn outside of the body and contains a battery and a microcontroller to process data and to signal status via audible, visual or vibrational means. Since the catheter maintains its own counter, an expiration date can be enforced, thereby ensuring that the patient does not wear the catheter for too long at a time or reuse it for too many days.
In some embodiments, the inserted tip of the catheter will have a detachable sleeve assembly that may be discarded after each use. The sleeve has four functions. First, it allows the venting of flatus through the center of the catheter without allowing the intrusion of moisture. Second, it prevents nuisance tripping when the catheter is first inserted, and during use, by preventing moisture contact with the electrodes. Different sleeve designs may be used for different patients in order to enhance fit and comfort, and/or in order to accommodate different stool consistencies. Third, in some embodiments, the sleeve facilitates insertion and positioning. Finally, in some embodiments, the sleeve itself can serve to block the passage of fecal material, thereby preventing the soilage of clothing or bed linens that could occur due to seepage around the catheter.
Making use of a relatively low cost, disposable sleeve is desirable because that is the portion of the catheter that is soiled with each use, and it is convenient to discard it with each use while retaining the more costly catheter assembly for multiple uses. In some embodiments, the sleeve itself might be incorporated into the catheter assembly with the entire assembly being cleaned after each use or with the entire catheter-sleeve assembly being discarded after each use.
Although it is feasible to fill the balloon 22 with a liquid such as saline or distilled water, when this is done, the weight of the balloon will press upon nerves surrounding the sphincter muscle and will be uncomfortable for many patients. Accordingly, the balloon 22 will generally be filled by air. Air is readily available and a balloon leak does not present serious problems. In many applications, it will be desirable to implement a slow leak that serves to deflate the balloon over time. This is to force the user or caregiver to attend to the catheter on a periodic basis and to not leave the device in situ for extended periods of time. A leak can be implemented through a pinhole in the valve 24, or by using a special material for the balloon that diffuses air over time. For example, a silicone balloon with a deflated length of 1 inch, a deflated diameter of 0.5 inches, and a wall thickness of 0.020 inches, will attain a diameter of one inch with the injection of 22 cc of air. After two hours, this diameter will be reduced to 0.7 inches due to the diffusion of air through the balloon walls.
Over the tip 30 is fitted a detachable sleeve assembly 38. This assembly serves to shield the electrodes 56,58 from direct contact with the lining of the rectum. The sleeve assembly 38 has slots through which fecal matter may enter in such a way as to electrically bridge the electrodes 56,58, causing minute electrical current leakages which are detected by a patient notification device and used to signal an alarm.
The Patient Notification Device has the size and appearance of a conventional pager. Like a pager, it can be worn on a belt or clipped to the clothes. Like a pager, it can notify the user or caregiver by means of either an audible alarm or a vibration. The PND is battery powered. It interfaces to the electrodes 56,58 at the distal end of the catheter and senses a conductive path (due to moisture) that occurs between the electrodes. It serves to amplify and/or filter this signal to generate an alarm signal upon the occurrence of feces being forced into the sleeve and bridging the electrodes. The PND has an internal microcontroller and real time clock. During the entire time that a catheter is attached to the PND, at one minute intervals (or other appropriate intervals), the PND will update the counter in the catheter with a minute (or other appropriate) count. Alternatively, for some implementations, the PND might decrement a minute counter in the catheter. Additionally, in some implementations, the PND might read an expiration date from the catheter and check this against the present date in order to determine if the catheter is too old. The point of this is to ascribe an expiration date to the catheter and/or a maximum usable time frame. When the catheter is close to the expiration date or is reaching the end of its usable life, the PND might sound an audible alarm or flash an LED or otherwise indicate that the catheter needed to be discarded in favor of a new catheter. One other possible feature of the PND would be to sound an alarm if the catheter has not been removed in two hours, three hours or some arbitrary time interval, in order to ensure that the catheter receives regular maintenance and attention and to minimize the possibility for adverse events such as fecal impaction or necrosis of tissues lining the rectal vault.
The sleeve 38 over the electrodes 56,58 operates to prevent nuisance tripping. The sleeve design influences the speed with which stool impinges upon the electrodes 56,58, causing a fecal detection event. If the holes 39 in the sleeve are large, there is little resistance and this style of sleeve might be appropriate for patients with firm stool. Small holes offer more resistance and are preferable for soft or watery stool.
The sleeve 38 in fact can have at least five functions. First, it allows the venting of flatus through the center of the catheter without allowing the intrusion of moisture. Second, it prevents nuisance tripping when the catheter is first inserted into the rectum, and during use, by impeding moisture contact with the electrodes 56,58. Third, different sleeve designs may be used for different patients in order to enhance fit and comfort, and/or in order to accommodate different stool consistencies. Fourth, in some embodiments, the sleeve 38 facilitates insertion and positioning. Finally, in some embodiments, the sleeve 38 itself can serve to block the passage of fecal material, thereby preventing the soilage of clothing or bed linens that could occur due to seepage around the inflated catheter.
Although the invention has been described in detail with particular reference to these preferred embodiments, other embodiments can achieve the same results. Variations and modifications of the present invention will be obvious to those skilled in the art and it is intended to cover in the appended claims all such modifications and equivalents. The entire disclosures of all references, applications, patents, and publications cited above are hereby incorporated by reference.
Claims
1. A device for insertion into the human rectum to monitor bowel incontinence by detecting the presence of fecal material, said device comprising:
- a probe body defining a lumen having a distal and proximal end;
- said distal end having a tip;
- conductivity sensor means on the exterior of said probe body near said distal end, said sensor means being connectable to an electrical circuit to establish an alert signal in the presence of fecal material, and wherein said sensor means are axially spaced-apart conductive means; and
- an inflatable cuff extending about said probe body at a location on said body spaced from said sensor means, said cuff having air release means allowing the inflatable cuff to deflate over a period of time.
2. The device of claim 1 wherein said axially spaced-apart conductive means comprise conductive point contacts.
3. A device for insertion into the human rectum to monitor bowel incontinence by detecting the presence of fecal material, said device comprising:
- a probe body defining a lumen having a distal and proximal end wherein at least a portion of said probe body defines venting means to allow venting of flatus;
- said distal end having a tip;
- conductivity sensor means on the exterior of said probe body near said distal end, said sensor means being connectable to an electrical circuit to establish an alert signal in the presence of fecal material, and wherein said conductive means are conductive contacts and said sensor means are shielded by a perforated sleeve; and
- an inflatable cuff extending about said probe body at a location on said body spaced from said sensor means, said cuff having air release means allowing the inflatable cuff to deflate over a period of time.
4. A device for insertion into the human colon to monitor bowel incontinence by detecting the presence of fecal matter, said device comprising:
- a generally flexible tubular probe body defining a lumen, said body having a proximal and distal end;
- conductivity sensor means on the exterior of said probe body adjacent said distal end, said sensor means being connectable to an electrical circuit which will transmit an alert signal in the presence of fecal matter;
- a removable sleeve extending about said sensor means, said sleeve partially shielding said sensor means to prevent false alarms; and
- an inflatable cuff extending about said probe body connectable to an air supply.
5. The device of claim 4 wherein said sleeve has a generally cylindrical body with a bore selected to define an annular space between said cylindrical body and said sensor and wherein said cylindrical body defines an aperture to allow fecal matter to pass into said annular space.
6. A device for insertion into the human rectum to monitor bowel incontinence by detecting the presence of fecal material, said device comprising:
- a probe body defining a lumen having a distal and proximal end;
- said distal end having a tip;
- conductivity sensor means on the exterior of said body near said distal end, said sensor means being connectable to an electrical circuit to establish an alert signal in the presence of fecal material; and
- an inflatable cuff extending about said probe body at a location on said body spaced from said sensor means, said cuff having air release means allowing the inflatable cuff to deflate over a period of time and being a material permeable to gas.
7. A device for insertion into the human rectum to monitor bowel incontinence by detecting the presence of fecal material, said device comprising:
- a probe body defining a lumen having a distal and proximal end;
- said distal end having a tip;
- conductivity sensor means on the exterior of said body near said distal end, said sensor means being connectable to an electrical circuit to establish an alert signal in the presence of fecal material, and wherein said conductivity sensors are axially spaced-apart conductive means; and
- an inflatable cuff extending about said probe body at a location on said body spaced from said sensor means, said cuff having air release means allowing the inflatable cuff to deflate over a period of time.
8. A device for insertion into the human rectum to monitor bowel incontinence by detecting the presence of fecal material, said device comprising:
- a probe body defining a lumen having a distal and proximal end;
- said distal end having a tip;
- conductivity sensor means on the exterior of said body near said distal end, said sensor means being connectable to an electrical circuit to establish an alert signal in the presence of fecal material, and wherein said sensors are conductive point contacts; and
- an inflatable cuff extending about said probe body at a location on said body spaced from said sensor means, said cuff having air release means allowing the inflatable cuff to deflate over a period of time.
9. A device for insertion into the human rectum to monitor bowel incontinence by detecting the presence of fecal material, said device comprising:
- a probe body defining a lumen having a distal and proximal end;
- said distal end having a tip;
- conductivity sensor means on the exterior of said body near said distal end, said sensor means being connectable to an electrical circuit to establish an alert signal in the presence of fecal material and shielded by a perforated sleeve; and
- an inflatable cuff extending about said probe body at a location on said body spaced from said sensor means, said cuff having air release means allowing the inflatable cuff to deflate over a period of time.
10. A method of detecting and controlling bowel incontinence, the method comprising the steps of:
- providing a rectal probe having a distal and proximal end and defining a lumen;
- providing conductivity sensors on said probe which are connectable to an alert system, said sensors located so an electrical circuit is completed in the presence of fecal matter which will activate an alarm;
- providing an inflatable cuff of a material having predetermined permeability on said probe having air release means;
- inserting the probe and cuff into the patient's colon; and
- cyclically inflating and deflating the cuff to retain the probe in position and to block passage of fecal matter and to stimulate the rectal area.
Type: Application
Filed: Sep 15, 2004
Publication Date: Feb 17, 2005
Applicant: X-L Synergy (El Paso, TX)
Inventors: David Nemir (El Pasco, TX), Edward Rubio (El Paso, TX)
Application Number: 10/942,531