Devices and methods used for shoulder replacement
The present invention provides a method and devices for shoulder replacement surgery that spares the rotator cuff. The method utilizes two anterosuperior passages to gain access to the glenohumeral joint, neither of which requires transaction of the rotator cuff. In addition a transhumeral portal created through the second anterosuperior passage for use as a working tunnel. Specialized instruments and implants are provided to work through both the anterosuperior passage as well as the transhumeral portal.
Applicant claims, under 35 U.S.C §119(e), the benefit of priority of: 1) the filing date of Aug. 11, 2003 of U.S. Provisional Application No. 60/494,289, 2) the filing date of Oct. 8, 2003 of U.S. Provisional Application No. 60/509,655, 3) the filing date of Oct. 16, 2003 of U.S. Provisional Application No. 60/511,805, 4) the filing date of Nov. 19, 2003 of U.S. Provisional Application No. 60/523,401, 5) the filing date of Jun. 15, 2004 of U.S. Provisional Application No. 60/579,893 and 6) the filing date of Jul. 2, 2004 of U.S. Provisional Application No. 60/585,033, the entire contents of each of which are incorporated herein by reference.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to methods, instrumentation, and implants for orthopaedic surgery and, more specifically, to rotator cuff sparing procedures and associated devices for shoulder replacement surgery.
2. Discussion of Related Art
Orthopaedic surgeons perform joint replacement surgery for patients who suffer pain and physical limitations caused by joint surfaces that have been damaged by degenerative, traumatic, or other pathologic processes. The functional outcome from these joint replacement surgeries is directly related to the degree of morbidity associated with the surgical method and the ability of the method to best restore the natural anatomy and biomechanics of the joint. Orthopaedic surgeons are continually searching for ways to improve outcomes for joint replacement surgery by developing methods of less invasive surgery to limit surgical morbidity and by developing novel methods and implants to better restore the native joint anatomy.
Conventional shoulder replacement surgery has several limitations. It requires an extensive exposure that irreversibly damages the rotator cuff and still fails to gain sufficient joint access to properly restore the native anatomic relationships of both the humeral head and glenoid surfaces. Also, there remain issues with glenoid implant fixation and early loosening.
Conventional methods utilize a large anterior deltopectoral exposure. The anterior humeral circumflex blood vessels are typically ligated and the anterior (subscapularis) musculotendinous unit is transected. The shoulder must then completely dislocated both anteriorly and posteriorly to prepare the humeral and glenoid joint surfaces. This can cause excessive traction on the arm which has resulted in injury to the nerves of the brachial plexus (Lynch N M, Cofield R H, Silbert P L, et al. Neurologic complications after total shoulder arthroplasty. J Shoulder Elbow Surg 1996;5(1):53-61.).
With regards to shoulder replacement surgery, all conventional methods require surgical transection of a rotator cuff tendon to gain sufficient exposure of the joint surfaces of the shoulder (See U.S. Pat. No. 4,550,450, entitled, “Total Shoulder Prosthesis System”, the entire contents of which are incorporated herein by reference). After the joint surfaces are replaced, the rotator cuff tendon must be surgically repaired with suture material. This tenuous repair necessitates an obligatory period of approximately six weeks for the rotator cuff tendon to heal before advanced shoulder rehabilitation can be performed. This surgical transection and subsequent repair, as well as the delay in rehabilitation, hold significant consequences for the functional outcome of the shoulder replacement including permanent weakness and decreased range of motion (Miller SL et al., “Loss of subscapularis function after total shoulder replacement: A seldom recognized problem”, J Shoulder Elbow Surg. 2003 Jan-Feb;12(1):29-34).
Additionally, despite the extensive exposure, conventional methods for shoulder replacement surgery still fail to properly restore the native anatomic relationships of the joint surfaces of the shoulder. Conventional methods prepare the humeral surfaces of the shoulder joint by referencing off the intramedullary axis of the humeral shaft. This poses great difficulty for the surgeon since the intramedullary axis has an inconsistent relationship to the humeral surface. The humeral joint surface also possesses a complex anatomy with significant variability which cannot be entirely restored with conventional methods and implants. There exists much variability in the humeral head neck-shaft angle, posterior and medial offset, version (rotation), height, thickness, and radius of curvature. (Boileau P, Walch G, “The Three-Dimensional Geometry of the Proximal humerus”, J Bone Joint Surg Br 1997; 79B: 857-865; Iannotti JP, et al. “The Normal Glenohumeral Relationships. An Anatomic Study of One Hundred and Forty Shoulders”, J Bone Joint Surg 1992; 74A(4):491-500; McPherson E J, et al. “Anthropometric Study of Normal Glenohumeral Relationships”, J Shoulder Elbow Surg 1997;6:105-112; Soslowsky L J, et al. “Articular geometry of the glenohumeral joint”, Clin Orthop 1992;285:181-190). The failure to restore the native anatomic relationships and biomechanics to the shoulder joint has proven to result in a significantly lesser functional and durable outcome (Williams G R, et al. “The effect of articular malposition and shoulder arthroplasty on glenohumeral translations, range of motion, and subacromial impingement”, J Shoulder Elbow Surg. 2001; 10(5):399-409).
Conventional methods of shoulder replacement surgery also have difficulty gaining access to the glenoid joint surface. The glenoid surface of the shoulder joint is best prepared by working along an axis perpendicular to its surface. Because the humeral head sits in the way, this is a nearly impossible task with conventional methods. The humeral head has to be partially removed, the subscapularis (anterior shoulder rotator cuff muscle) transected, and the proximal humerus dislocated to even get close to working along this axis. Because of this difficulty, a majority of orthopaedic surgeons still choose not to replace the glenoid surface despite clinically proven results of improved pain relief and function for shoulder replacement surgery when both the humeral and glenoid surfaces are replaced. (Boyd A D, Thomas W H, Scott R D, et al. “Total shoulder arthoplasty versus hemiarthroplasty-indications for glenoid resurfacing”, J of Arthroplasty 1990;5(4):329-336; Gartsman G M, Roddey T S, Hammerman S M. J Bone Joint Surg 2000;82A(1):26-34; Edwards T B, Kadakia N R, Boulahia A, et al., “A comparison of hemiarthoplasty and total shoulder arthroplasty in the treatment of primary glenohumeral osteoarthritis: Results of a multicenter study”, J Shoulder Elbow Surg 2003; 12(3):207-13; Orfaly R M, Rockwood Calif., Esenyel C Z, et al., “A prospective functional outcome study of shoulder arthoplasty for osteoarthritis with an intact rotator cuff”, J Shoulder Elbow Surg 2003;12(3):214-21.)
Despite improved results of conventional methods when both the humerus and glenoid surfaces are replaced, there still remains limitations with regard to glenoid fixation and early glenoid implant loosening (Boileau P, Avidor C, Krishnan S G, et al., “Cemented polyethylene versus uncemented metal-backed glenoid components in total shoulder arthroplasty: a prospective, double-blind, randomized study”, J Shoulder Elbow Surg 2002;11(4):351-9.). Both, cemented polyethylene and metal backed glenoid components are used in conventional methods. The cemented implant never incorporates with the glenoid bone and with time, the cement-bone interface eventually fails and the implant comes loose. Conversely, the metal-backed glenoid prosthesis has an unacceptable rate of early loosening, at least 20% in one study. However, if the metal-backed implant can remain rigidly fixed to the bone for a sufficient period of time, the bone of the glenoid will eventually adhere to the metal-backed surface and long-term studies have revealed little evidence for late clinical loosening in these cases. Failure of the metal-backed glenoid implant appears to be related to the limitations in achieving sufficiently rigid and durable initial fixation
While performing shoulder replacement surgery for arthritis, associated rotator cuff tears are sometimes discovered and should be repaired when possible. If a less invasive surgical approach is employed to perform the shoulder replacement surgery, a less invasive method of rotator cuff repair that is compatible with the method shoulder replacement surgery must be to be available to simultaneously address these associated rotator cuff tears.
BRIEF SUMMARY OF THE INVENTIONOne aspect of the present invention regards a method for shoulder replacement surgery. Utilizing the method of the present invention, a portal is created along a central axis of a neck of a proximal humerus that is associated with a shoulder of a patient. An implant is subsequently implanted into the shoulder of the patient, however a component of that implant is not passed through the portal. The rotator cuff is spared in the process.
One advantage provided by the above mentioned aspect of the present invention is that it allows determination of a central axis in the proximal humerus which allows simple and less invasive perpendicular access to the humeral and glenoid joint surfaces. An additional advantage is it offers a simple and reliable means of restoring the native anatomy and biomechanical relationships, allowing for an improved functional and durable outcome.
A further advantage is that it spares the rotator cuff tendons and allows for a quicker and more functional recovery
Another aspect of the present invention regards a humeral implant with one component that is removably attached to a second component.
Another aspect of the present invention provides a glenoid implant. The glenoid implant includes an ingrowth shell, a wear-resistant surface that is removably attached to the ingrowth shell. An advantage is that the ingrowth shell provides novel geometry and superior fixation to the glenoid.
An additional aspect of the invention regards a transhumeral portal sleeve with a bullet shaped guide that has a central and a peripheral longitudinal cannulation. An advantage is that it safely creates a working portal along the central axis of the proximal humerus.
In another aspect of the present invention, there is provided a transhumeral humeral reamer that has a working head and a removably attached transhumeral shaft with a diameter of from 0.1 to 5 cm.
Another aspect of the present invention regards a transhumeral glenoid reamer with a working head and a removably attached transhumeral shaft that has a diameter of from 0.1 to 5 cm.
In another aspect, a transhumeral protective sheath is provided that is a tube of material with a diameter of from 0.1 to 5 cm.
Another aspect of the invention regards a glenoid surface protective guard that has a protective surface and a removably attached handle.
In another aspect, a humeral head surface protective guard is provided that has a protective surface and a removably attached handle.
An additional aspect of the invention regards a glenoid sizer and centering hole guide that has a surface that contacts the glenoid of a shoulder and a removably attached handle.
In another aspect, a drill guide with a guiding surface and a removably attached handle is provided. The guiding surface has a centering hole and is available in sizes equivalent to the respective glenoid implants.
In another aspect, the invention regards a transhumeral glenoid drill with a working surface and a removably attached shaft.
In another aspect, a transhumeral burr is provided. The transhumeral burr has a high speed working burr surface and a removably attached shaft.
An additional aspect of the invention regards a glenoid keel punch with a working head and a removably attached shaft. The working head has a keel shape and cutting teeth.
In another aspect, a transhumeral irrigation and suction catheter is provided. The catheter is a semi-rigid plastic tubing removably attached to either a fluid pump or a suction device.
In another aspect, a transhumeral cementation device is provided that has a semi-rigid catheter removably attached to a head.
An additional aspect provides a transhumeral glenoid impactor with a dome-shaped head and a removably attached shaft.
Another aspect of the invention regards a transhumeral screw driver with a working head and a removably attached shaft.
In another aspect, the present invention provides a rotator interval retractor with a first blade dimensioned to interact with a supraspinatus and a second blade dimensioned to interact with a subscapularis.
Another aspect of the invention regards a glenohumeral joint with a transhumeral portal along a central axis of a neck of a proximal humerus as well as an implant.
Further advantages as well as details of the present invention ensue from the following description of a preferred embodiment represented in the drawings.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
The present invention relates to methods, instrumentation, and implants for performing rotator cuff sparing shoulder replacement surgery. Both, total shoulder arthroplasty, where both the humeral and glenoid joint surfaces are replaced, and shoulder hemiarthroplasty, where only the humeral joint surface is replaced, can be performed as indicated. The present invention utilizes among other things: a novel surgical exposure including an optional method of arthroscopic anterior contracture release, posterior capsular tightening, osteophyte resection, and glenoid soft-tissue clearance; two limited incisions, a transhumeral portal and a deep rotator cuff sparing exposure; novel transhumeral instrumentation with modular working components, protective guides, sleeves, sheaths, and retractors; conventional or novel implants, and an associated method of rotator cuff repair.
Utilizing the method of the present invention, a portal is created along a central axis of a neck of a proximal humerus that is associated with a shoulder of a patient. This portal provides superior perpendicular access to both the humeral and glenoid joint surfaces in a less invasive manner to allow more anatomic replacement surgery to occur. The axis of the humeral head and the axis of the glenoid have a sufficiently consistent natural relationship such that simple positioning of the arm can allow a surgeon to easily align the central axis perpendicular to the humeral head with the axis perpendicular to the glenoid. Research has shown that there exists a natural relationship between the orientation of the humeral and glenoid surfaces (De Wilde, L F, et al., “Glenohumeral Relationship in the Transverse Plane of the Body”, J Shoulder Elbow Surg 2003;12(3):260-267). Therefore, I have determined that with consistent positioning of the arm, these axes will be co-linear.
Accordingly, the present invention provides a reliable way of reestablishing the proper orientation of the humeral and glenoid joint surfaces without the associated surgical morbidity of conventional methods, i.e., a large exposure, dislocation of the humerus, or transection of the rotator cuff, as will be described below. Note that in the description to follow there will be mention made of transhumeral instruments. Such transhumeral instruments include transhumeral proximal humerus and glenoid reamers, drills, burrs, guides, protective guards, sheaths, sleeves, cementation tools, glenoid peg and keel punches, and glenoid implant insertor and impactor.
Shown in
After interscalene regional block and general anesthesia are administered by the anesthesiologist, the patient 1 is positioned in a sitting position with a beach chair postioner 3 as shown in
Initially, an optional arthroscopic procedure may be performed using conventional arthroscopic tools to release the anterior capsular contractures, tighten the posterior capsule, resect osteophytes, and clear the glenoid soft-tissue for exposure. The procedure is begun by placing an arthroscope in the shoulder joint through a standard posterior portal and making an anterior rotator interval passage under needle localization. Standard diagnostic arthroscopy is performed and the posterosuperior, superior, and anterior labrum are excised or ablated; the biceps tendon may be released from the superior glenoid; and the anterior and anteroinferior ligamentous and capsular attachments are released from the glenoid. Then an accessory posterior passage is made under needle localization and an arthroscopic burr is inserted to remove the inferior humeral neck osteophytes. From the same accessory posterior passage, the posterior, posteroinferior and inferior labrum are excised or ablated and the posteroinferior and inferior ligamentous and capsular attachments to the glenoid are released from 7 O'clock anteriorly on a right shoulder or 5 O'clock anteriorly on a left shoulder. Gentle manipulation of the shoulder can also be performed if necessary to complete the soft-tissue release. Any posterior capsular redundancy can be addressed by techniques of capsular plication (tightening with arthroscopic sutures).
After the optional arthroscopic procedure is performed, an anterosuperior passage is formed to expose the glenohumeral joint. In particular, an anterosuperior incision is made either obliquely running over the anterolateral border of the acromion over the tip of the coracoid or longitudinally from just inferior to the clavicle running between the coracoid and the AC joint distally. Deep dissection is continued through the deltopectoral interval or a limited muscular split running in line with the deltoid muscle fibers. The clavipectoral fascia is incised, the coracoacromial ligament is released from the coracoid, and the subdeltoid and subacromial adhesions are released. Bony and soft-tissue subacromial decompression and distal clavicle excision should be performed if secondary conditions of impingement, rotator cuff tears, or acromioclavicular joint arthritis are present. The anterior circumflex blood vessels are ligated only as needed. The rotator interval is opened completely around both sides of the coracoid and distally into the biceps sheath. The supraspinatus and subscapularis muscles are bluntly released from the glenoid superior and anterior surfaces, respectively. A biceps tenodesis may be performed by simply sewing it to the tissue of the biceps sheath and excising the intraarticular portion of the tendon. At this point, a novel rotator interval retractor 5 with specialized supraspinatus 2 and subscapularis 4 blades is inserted (
If necessary, a secondary rotator interval can be made by splitting the subscapularis in line with its fibers.
Note, that the anterosuperior passage described above and below can be performed without the aid of the previously described arthroscopic procedure. If the arthroscopic procedure is not performed, joint capsular contractures are released, posterior capsule is tightened (if needed), osteophytes are resected, and the soft-tissue surrounding the glenoid is excised as described above using open rather than arthroscopic instruments.
The surgical method next involves creating a transhumeral portal 30. The transhumeral portal 30 is a cylindrical-like tunnel that is parallel to the neck of the humerus from the anterolateral bony cortex of the proximal humerus through the center of the humeral head. Creation of the transhumeral portal 30 first involves obtaining an anteroposterior view of the proximal humerus via the fluoroscopic C-arm machine 7 shown in
Note, a specialized transhumeral portal drill guide 14 may be used to help direct the guide pin 16 into the center of the humeral head 20 (
The guide pin 16 is advanced through the transhumeral drill guide 14 and protective sleeve 15 such that it travels toward the glenohumeral joint 9, along the central axis of the neck of the humerus and perpendicular to the humeral 20 joint surface. The guide pin 16 is advanced such that the tip of the pin stops right at the humeral 20 joint surface. A second pin 18 of equal length is inserted through one of the peripheral holes 10 in the transhumeral portal drill guide 14 and sleeve 15 until it stops at the lateral humeral cortex. Measuring the difference in exposed length between the pins 16, 18 closely estimates the length of the transhumeral portal 30. This measurement assists the surgeon in creating and using the transhumeral portal 30 more safely as well as providing the size of the modular stem 98 used for the proximal humeral implant 94. Then, the second guide pin 18 is advanced into the bone until it reaches the level of the anatomic neck 13 of the humerus. Measuring the difference in exposed length between the pins 16, 18 provides an accurate measurement of humeral head 20 depth (
Based on the actual measured transhumeral portal 30 length, the transhumeral portal 30 is created by drilling with an approximately 1 centimeter diameter or less cannulated drill bit 26 through the transhumeral portal protective sleeve 15 over the first guide pin 16 from the anterolateral humeral cortex and into the joint (
With the formation of the transhumeral portal 30, the humeral 20 and glenoid 22 surfaces can be prepared as explained hereafter. Note that the order of preparing either the humeral 20 or glenoid 22 surfaces may be altered depending on the proximal humeral 20 bone quality. If there are concerns about the quality of the proximal humeral 20 bone, the humeral 20 surface can be prepared last, after the glenoid 22, to avoid weakening the proximal humeral bone 20 and jeopardizing the integrity of the transhumeral portal 30. Also, if hemiarthroplasty is indicated, the humeral 20 surface may solely be prepared and replaced.
Assuming that it is determined to prepare the humeral 20 surface first, the articular surface of the humeral head 20 may either be resected and replaced to the level of the anatomic neck 13 for the insertion of a conventional proximal humeral implant, or merely resected and replaced to the level of the subchondral bone for the insertion of a novel proximal humeral implant 94. To insert a conventional humeral implant in accordance with the present invention, a preliminary humeral head 20 cut can be made to improve visualization and expedite resection. From the anterosuperior passage previously formed, a long oscillating saw 28 is used to safely resect a limited portion of the humeral head 20 joint surface perpendicular to the portal (
A transhumeral protective sheath 38 used during the procedure of the present invention is then threaded or press-fit into the transhumeral portal 30 through the second anterosuperior passage using the transhumeral portal drill guide protective sleeve 15 to safely direct it. It is inserted to the level of the anatomic neck 13 of the proximal humerus 20 in preparation for a conventional humeral implant or to the level of the humeral 20 joint surface for a novel humeral implant 94 (
Next, a transhumeral reamer shaft 34 is placed through the protective sheath 38 and assembled in the joint with the appropriately sized modular humeral reamer head 36 inserted through the anterosuperior passage (
A protective guard 40 may be placed over the glenoid through the anterosuperior passage during reaming (
After the guard 40 is in place, the orthopaedic surgeon grasps the protective sheath 38 and pulls the running reamer 32 back onto the humeral head until it cuts to the level of the anatomic neck 13 for a conventional humeral implant (
To insert a novel proximal humeral implant 94, the transhumeral protective sheath 38 and reamer shaft 34 are inserted as described above (
After the reamer 32 has prepared the humeral head, either for a conventional or a novel proximal humeral implant 94, the glenoid 22 of the shoulder joint can then prepared for the placement of a conventional glenoid implant 115 (
Utilizing the appropriately sized glenoid sizing and centering guide 46, a transhumeral guide wire 50 is inserted into the transhumeral portal 30 through the transhumeral protective sheath 38 to to drill a centering hole in the glenoid surface 22 regardless of whether a conventional or novel humeral implant is being inserted (
In another embodiment of the present invention, a humeral head surface protective guard 64 may be used (
The present invention also provides a transhumeral glenoid reamer 58 (
For a conventional glenoid implant 115 (shown in
For a novel glenoid implant 118, the glenoid reamer head 61 includes a peripherally flat, less aggressive surface 116 and a centrally raised surface 114 which has a more aggressive reaming surface (
To prepare the glenoid 22 for a conventional prosthesis 115, the cannulated transhumeral glenoid reamer shaft 62 is positioned over the guidewire 50 and through the transhumeral protective sheath 38 from the second anterosuperior passage. The transhumeral reamer shaft 62 is assembled in the shoulder joint with its glenoid surface cutting reamer head 60 and the reamer 58 is advanced along the guide wire 50 removing as little bone as possible to correct the profile of the worn glenoid 22 and create the proper radius of curvature on the surface to match that of the non-articular surface of the conventional glenoid implant 115. The guide wire 50 must be inserted initially in the proper orientation to direct the cut appropriately. There is also an optional glenoid cutting surface head with a central peg that can be used without the guidewire 50 and can be inserted directly into the glenoid centering hole while the surgeon runs the transhumeral glenoid reamer 58 (
The glenoid 22 can be prepared for implantation of either a conventional pegged or keeled glenoid implant 115, a multiple peg glenoid implant 117 (
The previously mentioned glenoid peg drill guide 68 has a working surface 69 and a handle 70. The working surface 69 is inserted through the first anterosuperior passage by its handle 70. The handle 70 is removable and can be attached to the guide surface 69 at different positions to allow it to be inserted from variable angles through the anterosuperior passage. This drill guide 68 is sized and shaped similarly to the glenoid sizing and centering hole guide 46, discussed above. The working surface 69 of the guide 68 has a central peg 72 that fits into a centering hole in the glenoid bone. The working surface is approximately 0.1 to 5 mm thick and has peripheral holes in parallel configuration to drill holes with a transhumeral glenoid drill 66 for pegs in a glenoid.
In one embodiment, the above-mentioned transhumeral keel/peg glenoid drill 66 has a working surface 67 and a removably attached transhumeral shaft 65. The working surface 67 is a drill bit (or tip) for drilling holes in the glenoid for keels or pegs of the conventional glenoid implant 115. The drill bit 67 (or tip) is larger for drilling holes for a keel or a peg than a bit used for drilling holes for screws.
To further prepare the glenoid surface for a conventional glenoid implant, the humerus is positioned and translated such that the transhumeral keel/glenoid glenoid drill 66 is maintained perpendicular to the glenoid peg/keel guide surface 69. With the gleonid drill introduced through the the transhumeral protective sheath 38 of the transumeral portal 30 and the glenoid drill guide 68 postioned from the first anterosuperior passage, holes are drilled into the glenoid (
In one embodiment, the transhumeral burr 74 has a transhumeral shaft 75 removably attached to a high speed burr tip 73 with different sizes used for cutting holes in a glenoid 22, particularly for a keel.
A modular keel punch 76 is used to finish the glenoid keel cut. In an embodiment, where a glenoid keel punch 76 is used, the keel punch 76 has a working surface 77 and a removably attached transhumeral shaft 78 (
The humeral head and glenoid trial implants are inserted through the anterosuperior passage and the rotator interval retractor 5 (
Next, the glenoid 22 is prepared to affix its conventional implant 115 using transhumeral cementation tools 80 (
The peg or keel holes are temporarily packed with thrombin soaked gel pads or epinephrine soaked gauze using a novel transhumeral forceps device. The transhumeral irrigation and suction catheter is used again to clean and dry the holes and a transhumeral cementation catheter 84 is inserted through the transhumeral portal 30 and protective sheath 38 to place the cement.
Note that the above-described transhumeral cementation tool 80 includes a keel glenoid or peg glenoid cement pressurizer head 86 and a cementation catheter 84. The transhumeral cementation catheter 84 includes semi-rigid tubing which connects to a conventional cement gun 104 to deliver cement to the site of implant fixation to bone. The head 86 includes a keel glenoid or peg glenoid cement pressurizer tip 82 that is cannulated and fits into a respective keel or peg-shaped prepared hole in the glenoid surface to dispense cementation material under pressure into that hole in the glenoid surface 22. The pressurizer heads 86 are shaped similar to a glenoid implant with a smaller keel or single peg. The radius of curvature of the periphery of the tip 82 matches that of the reamed bony glenoid surface 22 to help seal the hole during cement insertion. These heads 86 are inserted through the first anterosuperior passage by their handles 88 and are attached to the transhumeral cementation catheter 84 within the glenohumeral joint 9 to pressurize the cement in the glenoid 22 holes. The handle 88 is removable and can be attached to the head 86 at different positions to allow it to be inserted from variable angles through the anterosuperior passage. The cementation head 86 limits the escape of cementation material from the hole and allows pressure to build up which forces the cement deep into the interstices of the trabecular bone to allow improved fixation. A cement pressurizer tip 82 may be inserted into the joint through the anterosuperior passage and assembled with the transhumeral cementation catheter 84. There are different pressurizer tips 82 to match either the pegged or keeled glenoid. The conventional glenoid implant 115 is inserted through the anterosuperior passage, is seated and held in place until the cement dries with a modular transhumeral glenoid impactor 90. Excess cement is removed and the joint is irrigated
The transhumeral glenoid impactor 90 includes a transhumeral shaft 92 which removably attaches to a working head 91. The working head 91 has a convex surface that approximates the radius of curvature of the articular surface of the glenoid implant. The shaft 92 is introduced through transhumeral protective sheath 38 within the transhumeral portal 30. The working head 91 is introduced through the first anterosuperior passage and mated with the transhumeral shaft 92. Force can then be applied to the handle 89 of the impactor 90 to seat the glenoid implant 115.
In accordance with an embodiment of the present invention, a multiple peg glenoid implant 117 (
After the glenoid surface 22 has been reamed by a glenoid reamer 58 as described previously, the multiple glenoid pegs 117 can be introduced with a novel multiple peg guide 72 through the anterosuperior passage and inserted into the prepared surface of the glenoid 22 using a transhumeral insertor device 79 (
The multiple peg glenoid insertor 79 is inserted via the second anterosuperior passage and through the transhumeral protective sheath 38 in the transhumeral portal 30. It is used to engage the pegs 117 located within the multiple peg insertor guide working surface 71 and then drives them into the glenoid 22 one at a time. The insertor 79 stops when it hits the guide surface 71 to control the depth of peg 117 insertion. Drilling pilot holes through a separate guide with a special transhumeral drill can precede this step. The guide surface 71, preloaded with the implant pegs 117 controls the position, direction and depth of peg 117 insertion. The guide surface 71 has a protruding centering peg which fits into the centering hole of the glenoid to help center and position the guide surface 71.
After the multiple peg prosthesis is implanted, trialing of a conventional or novel humeral implant can be performed as described previously.
Alternatively, a novel ingrowth glenoid implant 118 can be implanted after reaming the glenoid with a novel transhumeral glenoid reamer 57 as described previously. The novel modular ingrowth glenoid implant 118 has an ingrowth shell 120 and modular wear-resistant articulating surface 122 (
The ingrowth shell 120 of the glenoid implant 118 is a cannulated shallow shell with a protruding surface 119 that sits within the concavity of the reamed glenoid surface. The protruding surface is surrounded by a flat outer surface 121 (or brim). The protruding surface 119 may be any shape such as a square, pyramidal, hemispheric, triangular or any other suitable shape. The protruding surface 119 protrudes into the glenoid 22 to a specified depth. The depth is such that it is enough for the ingrowth shell 120 to be securely seated within the glenoid 22 and for the wear-resistant surface 122 to fit therein (as described below) and yet not so deep that a large amount of subchondral bone must be reamed from the glenoid 22. Preferably, the shape of the previously described novel glenoid reamer 57 is the same as the shape of the protruding surface 119 of the ingrowth shell 120 such that there will be a secure fit when the ingrowth shell 120 is seated within the glenoid 22. As the ingrowth shell 120 is pressed into the glenoid, the flat surface (or annular brim) 121 of the ingrowth shell 120 also makes contact with the peripheral glenoid surface 22, and in fact, provides a stopping point of insertion. The ingrowth shell 120 is made of suitable material, examples of which include, but are not limited to metal, tantalum, porous metal, trabecular metal, ceramic materials, and titanium. The protruding surface 119 and the annular brim 121 of the shell 120 may also maintain a surface of a bony ingrowth material, as described in connection with the humeral implant below. This ingrowth material promotes bone growth and adhesion of the shell to the glenoid surface. The ingrowth shell 120 has a thickness of 0.1 to 10 mm, preferably from 0.1 to 2 mm. The ingrowth shell 120 has holes for fixation. These holes may be central 124 and peripheral 126 and may further be smooth, threaded or a combination thereof. In one embodiment, a shell has a central hole 124 and multiple peripheral holes 126, for example three peripheral holes 126. The central hole 124 is preferably smooth and the peripheral holes 126 are preferably threaded.
After reaming, the ingrowth shell 120 is inserted through the anterosuperior passage and impacted into the concavity (which matches the shape of the reamer head 61 and that of the protruding surface 119 of the ingrowth shell 120 to be implanted,) of the reamed glenoid with a transhumeral impacting device 90. The concavity is slightly undersized to attain a tight fit upon impaction. The ingrowth glenoid shell 120 is then fixed to the glenoid 22 using screws 133, 135. In one embodiment, a central compression screw 133 is first used to compress the ingrowth shell into the concavity created in the glenoid and affix the ingrowth shell 120 to the glenoid and then fixed angle peripheral screws 135 are used to lock the ingrowth shell into place (
The transhumeral glenoid drill 49 is used along with a transhumeral glenoid drill sleeve 48 (
In one embodiment of the present invention, a novel transhumeral screw driver 130 and transhumeral glenoid screw guide sleeve 128 are used to place the above described screws 133, 135. After drilling, the surgeon removes the inner transhumeral glenoid drill guide sleeve 48 and the transhumeral screwdriver 130 is inserted through the previously positioned transhumeral glenoid screw guide sleeve 48. The screw driver shaft 130 fits snuggly within a transhumeral glenoid screwdriver guide sleeve 128. The screwdriver 130 is then advanced to place a screw 133, 135 through a hole 124 or 126 of the ingrowth shell 120 of a novel glenoid implant 118 into the drilled glenoid bone 22. As briefly described above, a central screw 133 is first inserted through a central smooth hole 124 in the glenoid shell 120 to initially compress the ingrowth shell 120 firmly into the glenoid surface 22. The glenoid ingrowth shell 120 is then locked into place by at least one peripheral screw 135, preferably three (
After the glenoid ingrowth shell 120 is well fixed, the modular wear-resistant glenoid surface 122 is inserted though the anterosuperior passage and impacted into the shell 120 with a transhumeral glenoid impactor 90 (
The wear-resistant surface 122 of the glenoid implant 118 has a convex surface which mates with the concave side of the protruding surface 119 of the ingrowth shell 120 and forms the articulating surface of the glenoid implant 118. The protruding surface 119 of the ingrowth shell 120 is of thin dimension such that it simultaneously provides 1) fixation to the glenoid bone; 2) an ingrowth surface; 3) provides a support surface for the wear-resistant surface 122; and 4) a recessed coupling device which maximizes the thickness of the wear-resistant surface 122 for durability and while still maintaining proper anatomic glenohumeral surface relationships. The wear-resistant surface 122 may include, but is not limited to polyethylene, plastic, ceramic material, metals, and magnetic materials. At a minimum, the wear-resistant surface 122 has a thickness of 0.1 to 15 mm, preferably 4 to 7 mm, if composed of currently available forms of polyethylene, protruding above the glenoid bony surface and flat outer surface (or annular brim) 121 of the ingrowth shell 120. It may have variable thickness along its dimension to correct version of glenoid. The wear-resistant surface 122 of the glenoid implant 118, which is approximately pear shaped, has both a superior-inferior dimension and an anterior-posterior dimension. The superior-inferior axis has a suitable range of from about 20 to 60 mm, preferably from about 30 to 48 mm. The anterior-posterior axis defines an upper half and a lower half. The lower half anterior-posterior axis has a range of about 15 to 50 mm, preferably from about 21 to 35 mm. The upper half has a range of from about 10 to 50, preferably 18 to 33 mm. The ratio of the upper half to the lower half is approximately 0.8 to 1.0. The ratio of the lower half of the anterior-posterior axis to the superior-inferior axis is approximately 0.7 to 1.0, whereas the ratio of the upper half of the anterior-posterior axis to the superior-inferior axis is approximately 0.6 to 1.0. In addition, the radius of curvature of the superior-inferior axis of the glenoid surface is greater than the coronal radius of curvature of the humeral surface of the humeral implant with which the glenoid implant articulates. The anterior-posterior radius of curvature of the glenoid surface is larger than the axial radius of curvature of the humeral surface. It may have variable thickness along its dimension to correct version of glenoid.
To prepare the humerus for a conventional humeral implant, the humerus is adducted and extended to line up the axis of the intramedullary canal with the first anterosuperior passage. With the self-retaining rotator interval retractor 5 in place, the humeral canal is prepared using conventional instruments, trials are used to determine the proper fit and size of the implants, and the proper conventional humeral implant with an intramedullary stem is either cemented or press-fit into the proximal humerus 20 in accordance with the present.
For the novel humeral implant 94, the humerus does not require special positioning. After humeral trialing, the novel humeral stem 98 is placed in the transhumeral portal 30 from either the first or second anterosuperior passages and the novel modular head 96 is inserted through the anterosuperior passage. The two components 96, 98 are then mated together.
The novel humeral implant 94 in accordance with the present invention is modular and includes a humeral surface 96 component, a roughly hemispheric shaped surface with a short central mating device 100, and a transhumeral stem 98 which fills the transhumeral portal 30 (
Table 1 shows suitable and preferred ranges of radius of curvature and depth for the humeral surface of the humeral implant. (See Iannotti JP, Gabriel JP, Schneck SL, et al. The normal glenohumeral relationships: an anatomical study of one hundred and forty shoulders. J Bone Joint Surg 1992; 74A(4): 491-500.)
The humeral surface 96 of the humeral implant 94 may be spherically shaped or more of an elliptical shape which better approximates the anatomy of a natural humeral head. The humeral surface 96 may be made of a variety of materials including, but not limited to cobalt-chrome alloys, ceramic materials, metals, and magnetic materials. It is contemplated that the humeral surface may also have fins, spikes, or other protuberances on its concave, non-articular surface to enhance rotational stability. Additionally, the concave, non-articular surface may also contain a bony ingrowth material. A bony ingrowth material allows the bone to which the implant is attached to grow into the implant and aids in attaining long-lasting fixation of the implant. These ingrowth materials, include, but are not limited to autologous and allograft osteoprogenitor cells and tissues, bone-morphogenic proteins, hydroxyapaptite coating, trabecular metal, porous metal, porous metal coating, and tantalum. It is contemplated that the surface of the humeral surface component 96 of the implant 94 that articulates with the glenoid or the glenoid implant, is smooth with a low coefficient of friction.
The stem 98 of the modular humeral implant 94 is sized to fit within the transhumeral portal 30 located along the central axis of the neck of the humerus. By fitting, it is meant that the stem 98 fits in a tight manner and is stable in that location. As it is contemplated that the transhumeral portal 30 has a diameter of from 0.1 to 5 cm, the diameter of the stem 98 is also from 0.1 to 5 cm, and is dimensioned to fit within the transhumeral portal 30. The stem 98 may be composed of any suitable materials including, but not limited to titanium, stainless steel, cobalt-chrome alloy. The stem 98 may be smooth, textured, or threaded. Smooth glass bead blast finishes are another possibility. Threads may be uniform or may vary in width along the length of the stem. Further, the shape of the stem 98 is intended to accommodate the shape of the transhumeral portal 30, therefore it may be round, square, triangular, or any other geometric shape that may comprise the transhumeral portal 30. The main body of the stem 98 has a consistent cross-sectional shape and size along its straight longitudinal axis. Therefore, unlike conventional humeral implant stems, which are tapered and bowed to fit within the dimensions of the metaphysis and diaphysis of the humerus, the stem 98 of the present invention maintains a uniform diameter and is linear from end to end. As such, the stem is dimensioned to sit within the epiphyseal and metaphyseal portions of the humerus. As described for the humeral surface 96, the stem 98 may also contain fins or spikes to aid rotational stability, and it may also possess a bony ingrowth material surface, as describe above.
The stem 98 may be of varying lengths, a suitable range of which is from about 4 to 7 cm. The preferred length is dimensioned to extend from the lateral cortex of the humerus to the center of a humeral head. It is intended that this stem 98 be introduced into the transhumeral portal 30 via the second anterosuperior incision and advanced through the transhumeral portal 30 to a position that is suitable for mating with the humeral surface 96 which is inserted via the anterosuperior incision, described above. If appropriate, the stem 98 may also be inserted from the articular surface of the proximal humerus through the first anterosuperior passage.
The humeral surface 96 and stem 98 of the humeral implant 94 connect to one another via a mating site 100. The humeral surface 96 and stem 98 are joined within the glenohumeral joint space. They may be press fit, screwed together, or joined by morse taper, as well as any other suitable locking mechanism. It is possible for the male or female counterpart to be on either the stem 98 or the humeral surface 96, so long as one male counterpart and one female counterpart are present in the humeral implant 94.
The humeral surface 96 component is inserted through the anterosuperior passage and mated with its stem 98 placed through the transhumeral portal 30. The humeral surface 96 and modular stem 98 implant can be cemented or press-fit to the prepared humeral surface and there are many possible variations of the implant 94. Examples A, B, and C are various embodiments of a humeral implant 94 in accordance with the present invention. Example A includes a hemisphere shaped humeral surface 96 and a threaded transhumeral stem 98 (
Example B includes a similar humeral surface 96 component and a cemented transhumeral stem 98 (
Example C includes a similar humeral surface 96 component and an inflatable transhumeral stem 98 (
After the prosthetic implants, either humeral or glenoid, novel or conventional, are inserted as described above, the soft-tissue tension is evaluated, and the wounds are copiously irrigated, the deep passages, subcutaneous tissue, and skin are closed with sutures.
In yet another embodiment, the present invention is a glenohumeral joint with a transhumeral portal 30 along the central axis of the neck of the humerus and at least one implant. The implant may be a humeral implant 94, a glenoid implant 118 or both. The implants may be conventional implant or novel 94, 118 described herein.
In an alternative embodiment of the present invention, there is provided a method of repairing a rotator cuff, tear as shown in
In one embodiment of the rotator cuff repair method, an insertional guide 134 is inserted with a protective inner sheath 137 (
The suture-pin device 141 comprises two components, a leading flexible pin 140 and a swedged on suture 144. The suture 144 is preferably a durable size #2 suture 144. The pin 140 has a sharp slightly larger diameter trocar tip 154 on its leading end. The remaining pin 140 has a diameter closer to that of the suture 144. The pin 140 is sufficiently long to enter the anterolateral surface of the shoulder, pass through the proximal humerus, rotator cuff, and exit the superior surface of the shoulder with both its leading and trailing ends are exposed. The suture 144 is of similar length.
It is therefore intended that the foregoing detailed description be regarded as illustrative rather than limiting, and that it be understood that it is the following claims, including all equivalents, that are intended to define the spirit and scope of this invention.
A complete listing of the claims with proper claim identifiers is set forth below.
Claims
1. A method for shoulder replacement comprising: creating a portal along a central axis of a neck of a proximal humerus associated with a shoulder of a patient; and implanting an implant in said shoulder without passing a component of said implant through said portal.
2. The method of claim 1 wherein said portal, is transhumeral in that it traverses a section of said proximal humerus within said neck of said proximal humerus and is perpendicular to a center of a humeral joint surface.
3. The method of claim 1 wherein a rotator cuff associated with said shoulder is not transected during said method.
4. The method of claim 3 further comprising forming an anterosuperior passage to access a glenohumeral joint associated with said shoulder.
5. The method of claim 4 further comprising exposing said glenohumeral joint via said anterosuperior passage.
6. The method of claim 4 further comprising preparing a glenoid surface associated with said shoulder via said anterosuperior passage.
7. The method of claim 4 further comprising preparing a humeral surface and a glenoid surface associated with said shoulder via said anterosuperior passage.
8. The method of claim 4 wherein said implant is a humeral implant and said humeral implant is inserted into said shoulder via said anterosuperior passage.
9. The method of claim 4 wherein said implant is a glenoid implant and said glenoid implant is inserted via said anterosuperior passage.
10. The method of claim 4 wherein said implant is a humeral implant and said method further comprises inserting said humeral implant and a glenoid implant via said anterosuperior passage.
11. The method of claim 10 further comprising forming a second anterosuperior passage to said glenohumeral joint, wherein said second anterosuperior passage is located in a position that is inferolateral to said first anterosuperior passage and is utilized to gain access to an anterolateral bony cortex of said proximal humerus in line with said central axis of said neck of said proximal humerus.
12. The method of claim 11 wherein said second anterosuperior passage to said glenohumeral joint is utilized to create said portal.
13. The method of claim 12 further comprising preparing a glenoid surface and a humeral surface associated with said shoulder to receive said implant.
14. The method of claim 13 wherein said glenoid surface is prepared to receive a glenoid implant and said humeral surface is prepared to receive a humeral implant.
15. The method of claim 14 wherein said implant is a humeral implant that engages said prepared humeral surface.
16. The method of claim 15 further comprising implanting a glenoid implant that engages said prepared glenoid surface.
17. The method of claim 1 wherein said portal defines a circular opening having a diameter of about 0.1 cm to about 5.0 cm.
18. The method of claim 17 wherein said diameter is about 0.1 to 1.0 cm.
19. The method of claim 18 wherein said diameter is about 0.5 to about 1.0 cm.
20. The method of claim 3 further comprising forming an arthroscopic passage and subsequently performing shoulder joint contracture releases, capsular plication, osteophyte removal, and glenoid exposure via said arthroscopic passage.
21. The method of claim 4 further comprising performing shoulder joint contracture releases, capsular plication, osteophyte removal, and glenoid exposure via said anterosuperior passage.
22. The method of claim 4 wherein said forming said anterosuperior passage comprises forming an anterosuperior shoulder skin incision, a deltoid interval or deltoid split, forming a superficial passage, and forming a rotator cuff sparing deep passage.
23. The method of claim 22 wherein said rotator cuff sparing deep passage creates an opening at natural intervals or longitudinal splits in musculotendinous units of a rotator cuff associated with said shoulder to gain exposure of an articular surface of said glenohumeral joint.
24. The method of claim 23 further comprising holding open said longitudinal splits with a rotator cuff interval self-retaining retractor.
25. The method of claim 1 wherein said portal is created along said central axis of said humeral neck from an anterolateral cortex of said proximal humerus to a center of a humeral head of said implant.
26. The method of claim 25 wherein said creating of said portal is performed by at least one instrument selected from the group consisting of a radiographic guidance system, a guide pin, a specialized transhumeral portal guide, a handled transhumeral portal guide protective sheath, a radiolucent guide attachment, and a cannulated drill bit.
27. The method of claim 1 further comprising preparing a proximal surface and a glenoid surface associated with a glenohumeral joint via at least one instrument selected from the group consisting of a transhumeral surgical instruments, protective guards and guides.
28. The method of claim 27 wherein said transhumeral surgical instruments are selected from the group consisting of transhumeral humeral head reamer, transhumeral glenoid reamers, transhumeral drills, a transhumeral burr, a transhumeral glenoid keel punch, a transhumeral irrigation and suction catheter, a transhumeral cementation catheter, a transhumeral keel glenoid cement pressurizer, a transhumeral peg glenoid cement pressurizer, a transhumeral glenoid screwdriver, a transhumeral glenoid impactor, a transhumeral glenoid insertor, and a transhumeral multiple peg glenoid insertor.
29. The method of claim 27 wherein said protective guards and guides are selected from the group consisting of a transhumeral protective sheath, a glenoid sizer and centering hole guide, a glenoid surface protective guard, a humeral head surface protective guard, a keel glenoid drill guide, a peg glenoid drill guide, a transhumeral glenoid drill guide sleeve, a transhumeral glenoid screw guide sleeve, and a multiple peg glenoid insertor guide.
30. The method of claim 28 wherein implanting utilizes at least one of said transhumeral surgical instruments, and insertion of said implant wherein a component of said implant inserted is through said first anterosuperior passage.
31. The method of claim 11 wherein said humeral implant comprises a first component and a removably attached second component.
32. The method of claim 31 wherein said first component comprises a humeral surface and said second component comprises a removably attached stem.
33. The method of claim 32 wherein one of said first and second components is inserted via said anterosuperior passage.
34. The method of claim 33 wherein the other of said first and second components is inserted through said portal via said second anterosuperior passage.
35. The method of claim 32 wherein said first and second humeral implant components are inserted into said shoulder via said first anterosuperior passage.
36. The method of claim 9 wherein said glenoid implant comprises an ingrowth shell and a wear-resistant surface, wherein said ingrowth shell further comprises a hemispherical shell surrounded by an outer flat surface.
37. The method of claim 36 wherein said ingrowth shell further comprises a central cannulation and a peripheral cannulation for accommodating attachment screws, wherein said cannulations may be selected from the group consisting of smooth and threaded.
38. The method of claim 37 wherein said ingrowth shell has a thickness of from about 0.1 to about 10 mm.
39. The method of claim 38 wherein said ingrowth shell has a thickness of from about 0.1 to 2.0 mm.
40. The method of claim 36 wherein said ingrowth shell further comprises an in-growth material or covering an entire surface of a convex side for promotion of bone growth and adhesion to said glenoid.
41. The method of claim 40 wherein said ingrowth material is selected from the group consisting of autologous or allograft osteogenitor cells or tissues, bone morphogenic proteins, hydroxyapaptite coating, trabecular metal, porous metal, porous metal coating, titanium, and tantalum.
42. The method of claim 37 wherein said screws are selected from the group consisting of a compression screw and a fixed angle screw.
43. The method of claim 42 wherein said wear-resistant surface is 0.1 to 15 mm thick above a glenoid bony surface and said flat outer surface of said ingrowth shell.
44. The method of claim 36 wherein said wear-resistant surface is 4 to 7 mm thick above said glenoid bony surface and said flat outer surface of said ingrowth shell.
45. The method of claim 42 wherein said compression screw and said fixed angle screw may be inserted via said anterosuperior passage or via said portal.
46. The method of claim 32 wherein said humeral surface has a spherical shape.
47. The method of claim 32 wherein said humeral surface has a central spherical shape and a peripheral elliptical shape.
48. The method of claim 32 wherein said humeral surface and said removably attached stem are mated together.
49. The method of claim 1 wherein matter or bone removed from said neck of said proximal humerus to create said portal is not reimplanted within said portal.
50. A humeral implant comprising a first component removably attached to a second component.
51. The humeral implant of claim 50 wherein said first component is a humeral surface and said second component is a removably attachable stem.
52. The implant of claim 51 wherein said humeral surface has a coronal radius of curvature and an axial radius of curvature.
53. The implant of claim 52 wherein said coronial radius of curvature has a range of from 10 to 50 mm.
54. The implant of claim 52 wherein said axial radius of curvature has a range of from 10 to 50 mm.
55. The implant of claim 52 wherein said humeral surface has a depth with a range of from 5 to 40 mm.
56. The implant of claim 52 wherein said humeral surface has a thickness with a range of from 0.1 to 10 mm.
57. The implant of claim 52 wherein a ratio of a depth of said humeral surface to said coronal radius of curvature is from about 0.7 to about 0.9.
58. The implant of claim 52 wherein said humeral surface is spherically or elliptically shaped.
59. The implant of claim 52 wherein said humeral surface is made of a material selected from the group consisting of cobalt chrome alloy, ceramic, metal, and magnet materials.
60. The implant of claim 52 wherein said humeral surface further comprises fins or spikes on a concave undersurface of said humeral surface.
61. The implant of claim 52 further comprising a concave undersurface for bony ingrowth material.
62. The implant of claim 52 wherein said humeral surface has a smooth articulating surface.
63. The implant of claim 52 wherein said attachable stem has a diameter with a range of from 0.1 to 5.0 cm.
64. The implant of claim 63 wherein said attachable stem is made of a material selected from the group consisting of titanium, stainless steel, tantalum, porous metal and trabecular metal.
65. The implant of claim 64 wherein said removably attached stem further comprises a smooth, textured or threaded surface.
66. The implant of claim 65 wherein said removably attached stem is round, square, or triangular.
67. The implant of claim 66 wherein said removably attached stem further comprises fins.
68. The implant of claim 66 wherein said removably attached stem further comprises a bony ingrowth surface.
69. The implant of claim 51 wherein said removably attached stem has variable length wherein said stem extends from a lateral cortex of said humerus to a center of a head of said humerus.
70. The implant of claim 51 wherein said humeral surface connects to said removably attached stem.
71. The implant of claim 70 wherein said humeral surface connects to said removably attached stem by a technique selected from the group consisting of morse taper, and a screw.
72. A glenoid implant comprising an ingrowth shell, a wear-resistant surface removably attached to said shell and at least one fixation screw.
73. The implant of claim 72 wherein said wear-resistant surface comprises a superior-inferior axis and an anterior-posterior axis.
74. The implant of claim 73 wherein said superior-inferior axis of said wear-resistant surface has a range of from 20 to 60 mm.
75. The implant of claim 74 wherein said anterior-posterior axis of said wear-resistant surface defines an upper half and a lower half.
76. The implant of claim 75 wherein said lower half of said anterior-posterior axis of said wear-resistant surface has a range of from 15 to 50 mm.
77. The implant of claim 76 wherein said upper half of said anterior-posterior axis of said wear-resistant surface has a range of 10 to 50 mm.
78. The implant of claim 77 wherein a ratio of said upper half to said lower half of said wear-resistant surface is approximately 0.8 to 1.0.
79. The implant of claim 78 wherein a ratio of said lower half of said anterior-posterior axis to said superior-inferior dimension is approximately 0.7 to 1.0.
80. The implant of claim 79 wherein a ratio of said upper half of said anterior-posterior axis to said superior-inferior axis is approximately 0.6 to 1.0.
81. The implant of claim 84 wherein a superior half of said implant is smaller than an inferior half of said implant.
82. The implant of claim 81 wherein said implant has a central thickness with a range of from about 0.1 to about 50 mm and a peripheral thickness with a range from about 0.1 to 50 mm.
83. The implant of claim 82 wherein said thickness may vary across said superior-inferior axis or across the anterior-posterior axis.
84. The implant of claim 83 wherein said implant has a superior-inferior radius of curvature that is larger than a coronal radius of curvature of a humeral surface of a humerus with which said implant will articulate.
85. The implant of claim 84 wherein said implant has an anterior-posterior radius of curvature that is larger than said axial radius of curvature of said humeral surface with which said implant will articulate.
86. The implant of claim 72 wherein said ingrowth shell comprises a flat surface and a cannulated convex surface.
87. The implant of claim 86 wherein said flat surface mates with a glenoid surface of a scapula and said convex surface mates with a reamed concave surface of a glenoid.
88. The implant of claim 72 wherein said ingrowth shell comprises a material selected from the group consisting of metal, titanium, stainless steel, tantalum, porous metal, trabecular metal, and a ceramic.
89. The implant of claim 72 wherein said ingrowth shell comprises an ingrowth material to promote bone growth and adhesion of said shell to a glenoid surface.
90. The implant of claim 72 wherein said wear-resistant surface is 0.1 to 15 mm thick.
91. The implant of claim 90 wherein said wear-resistant surface is 4 to 7 mm thick.
92. The implant of claim 91 wherein said wear-resistant is selected from the group consisting of plastic, polyethylene, ceramic, metal, and magnetic material.
93. The implant of claim 92 wherein said wear-resistant surface mates with said ingrowth shell.
94. A transhumeral portal guide comprising a bullet shaped guide with a central cannulation and a peripheral longitudinal cannulation.
95. The guide of claim 94 further comprising a transhumeral portal guide protective sheath with a handle, wherein said transhumeral portal guide interfits with a transhumeral portal guide protective sheath.
96. The guide of claim 95 wherein said handle has a radiolucent guide attachment connected thereto.
97. The guide of claim 96 wherein said guide attachment comprises a radiolucent arm connected to a guiding end.
98. The guide of claim 97 wherein said arm is connected to said handle of said transhumeral portal humeral guide protective sheath.
99. The guide of claim 98 wherein said guide attachment comprises a radioopaque linear marker within said arm.
100. A transhumeral humeral reamer comprising a working head and a removably attached shaft, wherein said shaft has a diameter ranging from 0.1 to 5.0 cm.
101. A transhumeral glenoid reamer comprising a reaming surface and a removably attached shaft, wherein said shaft has a diameter ranging from 0.1 to 5.0 cm.
102. The reamer of claim 101 wherein said reaming surface and said shaft are cannulated.
103. A shoulder structure comprising a humerus portal tube wherein said tube has a diameter ranging from 0.1 to 5.0 cm.
104. The structure of claim 103 wherein said sheath is comprised of a metal or a wear-resistant material.
105. The structure of claim 104 wherein said sheath is press-fit or screwed into a transhumeral portal.
106. The structure of claim 105 wherein said sheath has a wall thickness of about 0.1 to 10 mm.
107. The structure of claim 106 wherein said sheath has a wall thickness of from about 0.1 to 3 mm.
108. The structure of claim 107 wherein said sheath has a wall thickness of from 0.1 to about 1 mm.
109. A glenoid surface protective guard comprising a protective surface and a handle wherein said protective surface is shaped similarly to a glenoid surface.
110. The protective guard of claim 109 wherein said protective surface is metal.
111. The protective guard of claim 110 wherein said protective surface has an elevated peripheral edge.
112. The protective guard of claim 111 wherein said protective surface has a thickness with a range of from 0.1 to 2.0 mm.
113. A humeral head surface protective guard comprising a protective surface.
114. The protective guard of claim 113 further comprising a handle.
115. The protective guard of claim 113 wherein said protective surface comprises a shell that is centrally cannulated.
116. The protective guard of claim 115 wherein said protective surface has a thickness with a range of from 0.1 to 2.0 mm.
117. A glenoid sizer and centering hole guide comprising a glenoid contacting surface and a removably attached handle.
118. The sizer and centering hold guide of claim 117 wherein said glenoid contacting surface further comprises a central hole.
119. The sizer and centering hole guide of claim 118 wherein said glenoid contacting surface has a thickness with a range of from 0.1 to 5 mm.
120. The drill guide of claim 119 wherein said guiding surface further comprises additional holes, wherein said additional holes are either a) inferior and superior toward a center of said guiding surface, or b) said additional holes are in the periphery of said guiding surface.
121. The drill guide of claim 120 wherein said drill guide interfits with a drill.
122. The drill guide of claim 120 wherein said guiding surface has a thickness with a range of 0.1 to 5 mm.
123. The drill guide of claim 122 further comprising a sleeve wherein said sleeve has a diameter with a range of from 0.1 to 5 mm and said drill guide interfits within said sleeve.
124. A transhumeral glenoid drill comprising a working surface and a removably attached shaft wherein said shaft has a diameter with a range of from 0.1 to 5 mm.
125. The drill of claim 124 wherein said working surface comprises a drill bit.
126. The drill of claim 124 wherein said shaft further comprises markings that define a measurement of depth or distance.
127. A transhumeral burr comprising a high speed working burr surface and a removably attached shaft wherein said shaft has a diameter with a range of from 0.1 to 5 cm.
128. A glenoid keel punch comprising a working head and a removably attached shaft, wherein said working head further comprises a keel shape with cutting teeth, wherein said shaft has a diameter with a range of from 0.1 to 5 cm.
129. A transhumeral irrigation and suction catheter comprising a semi-rigid plastic tubing that is removably attached to a fluid pump and a suction device, wherein said tubing has a diameter with a range of from 0.1 to 5 cm.
130. A transhumeral cementation device comprising a removably attached head, and tubing, wherein said tubing has a diameter ranging from 0.1 to 5.0 cm.
131. The device of claim 130 wherein said head further comprises a cannulated tip from which cementation material may be delivered to a surface or hole.
132. The device of claim 131 wherein which said tip prevents said cementation material from escaping from said hole.
133. A transhumeral glenoid impactor comprising a dome-shaped head and a removably attached shaft, wherein said shaft has a diameter ranging from 0.1 to 5 cm.
134. The impactor of claim 133 wherein said head further comprises a convex surface.
135. The impactor of claim 134 wherein said head is plastic or metal.
136. The impactor of claim 133 wherein said shaft has a diameter with range of from 0.1 to 5 cm.
137. A transhumeral screw driver comprising a working head and a removably attached shaft wherein said shaft has a diameter ranging from 0.1 to 5 cm.
138. The screwdriver of claim 137 wherein said working head is is shaped to interfit with a screw.
139. The screwdriver of claim 138 further comprising a transhumeral screw guide sleeve, wherein said sleeve comprises a passage in which said transhumeral screwdriver interfits.
140. The screwdriver of claim 139 wherein said sleeve has a diameter with a range of from 0.1 to 5 cm.
141. The screwdriver of claim 140 wherein said sleeve interfits within a transhumeral protective sheath, wherein said transhumeral protective sheath comprises a tube of material, wherein said tube has a diameter ranging from 0.1 to 5.0 cm.
142. The screwdriver of claim 141 wherein said sleeve interfits with a transhumeral glenoid drill guide sleeve, wherein said transhumeral glenoid drill guide sleeve has a diameter with a range of from 0.1 to 5 mm and wherein a drill guide interfits within said sleeve.
143. A rotator interval retractor comprising a first blade dimensioned for interaction with a supraspinatus and a second blade dimensioned for interaction with a subscapularis.
144. A glenohumeral joint comprising a transhumeral portal along a central axis of a neck of a proximal humerus and an implant.
145. The glenohumeral joint of claim 144 wherein said implant is a humeral implant.
146. The glenohumeral joint of claim 144 wherein said implant is a glenoid implant.
147. A repaired humerus bone comprising a modular implant with a humeral suface and a stem, wherein said stem is anchored in the epiphyseal-metaphyseal portion of said humerus bone.
148. The repaired humerus bone of claim 147 wherein said stem has a diameter with a range of from 0.1 to 5.0 cm.
149. The repaired humerus bone of claim 148 wherein said stem has is linear.
150. A humeral implant comprising a humeral surface component and no stem.
151. A repaired glenoid of a scapula comprising a modular implant, and a recess within a glenoid.
152. The repaired glenoid of claim 151 wherein said modular implant comprises an ingrowth shell and a wear-resistant surface.
153. The repaired glenoid of claim 152 wherein said ingrowth shell interfits within said recess of said glenoid.
154. The repaired glenoid of claim 153 wherein said wear-resistant surface interfits within a concavity of said ingrowth shell.
155. A method of arthroscopic rotator cuff repair comprising the steps of
- a) inserting an insertional guide into a humerus;
- b) extending a bore of said insertional guide into a humerus;
- c) inserting a suture pin through a greater tuberosity of said humerus into an anteromedial suprapsinatus rotator cuff footprint;
- d) advancing said suture pin out of said rotator cuff and through a superior soft tissue and skin;
- e) removing said pin;
- f) tying said suture.
156. A suture pin comprising a tip, a pin shaft, and suture, wherein said tip has a diameter that is larger than said pin shaft, and said suture.
157. The suture pin of claim 156 wherein said tip is a trocar tip.
158. An insertional guide comprising a handle, and a cannulated tip, wherein said cannulated tip further comprises a sharp tip.
159. The insertional guide of claim 158 further comprising a protective sheath comprising a handle and a shaft with a blunt end.
160. The insertional guide of claim 159 wherein said protective sheath interfits with said insertional guide.
161. The protective sheath of claim 160 further comprising an outer sleeve wherein said outer sleeve comprises a longitudinal split that extends beyond a sharp tip of said insertional guide.
Type: Application
Filed: Aug 11, 2004
Publication Date: Feb 24, 2005
Inventor: Steven Chudik (Western Springs, IL)
Application Number: 10/917,266
