Z-axis redundant display/multilayer display
A display system for presenting one or more planes of display information. The display system may include two or more display modules positioned in a spaced relationship in a stacked formation substantially along a Z-axis perpendicular to a display face of a display module. Each display module may be selectively activated to display a visual image or deactivated to a quiescent state. Further, when a display module is activated to display the viewed image, the viewed image can be viewed through a prior display module which is deactivated to a quiescent state.
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The present invention primarily relates to the field of flat panel displays, particularly as implemented in systems where redundancy is desired and/or required to insure continued display performance in the face of potential device failure. The present invention also applies to multi-level security applications directly exploiting a display exhibiting different classification levels of information displayed on each screen (i.e., hardware separation of different security levels). The present invention also applies to three-dimensional (3D) imaging applications where explicit Z-axis information is viewed directly via overlay replication without recourse to stereoscopic techniques, and even to applications requiring “reality overlay” capability.
BACKGROUND INFORMATIONIn various critical applications (mission-critical, flight-critical, space-critical) where a display system must exhibit a minimal level of fault tolerance, flat panel displays and their CRT-based counterparts achieve redundancy by way of adjacent tandem dual installation. Additional area on the surface of the console that houses the display is routinely allocated for installation of backup displays and instrumentation devices. In many applications (e.g., avionics, military vehicle deployments, etc.), such “real estate” is at a premium, leading to a congested console with primary and secondary displays consuming precious console surface area.
Redundancy has been traditionally achieved by allocating additional area on the X-Y surface of the console. Extension in the X-Y direction is mandated due to one factor that all such display devices have in common: they are opaque structures. Because they are inherently opaque structures, it is not possible to exploit the Z-axis in developing redundant display solutions. Thus, there is a need in the art for a display system that exploits the Z-axis in lieu of consuming more area on the X-Y console surface, many significant advantages would accrue.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTIONA first advantage of the present invention where the Z-axis is exploited is that redundancy achieved by exploiting the Z-axis would directly free up surface area on the display console. A second advantage is that the space savings could readily be translated into larger, easier-to-read displays. A third advantage is that system wiring paths would be shorter and thus more reliable. A fourth advantage is an ergonomic one that is particularly apparent in avionics. Since the backup display occupies the exact same location in the console, the user does not have to divert his gaze to another location on the console to acquire important information. All information is displayed in the same place under all conditions.
If a flat panel display were transparent, there would be little in principle to bar its being stacked in the Z-axis in pairs, or sets of three, etc. Flat panel displays conducive to such configuration must exhibit four properties: they must be inherently transparent, they must fail in the “off mode” to avoid undesirable overlay, they must be relatively thin along the Z-axis, and they must fulfill the survivability criteria for the particular environment calling for redundant implementation. (E.g., an environment requiring redundancy is likely to undergo extremes of temperature, militating against liquid crystal display deployment at the outset. Some severe deployments may require surviving an electromagnetic pulse.)
Among current display technologies, virtually none exhibit the required transparency. Accordingly, little has been done to explore the possibility of achieving redundancy using Z-axis disposition of the redundant display components. The problem has remained unsolved, although it is surely as urgent as it ever has been.
The present invention, called Z-Axis Redundant Display/Multilayer Display, achieves this elusive goal for displays that satisfy these four criteria. Among the display technologies that do indeed satisfy these criteria, therefore lending themselves to implementation of a Z-Axis Redundant Display/Multilayer Display, is the display disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 5,319,491, which is hereby incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.
The display of U.S. Pat. No. 5,319,491 (hereinafter called a “TMOS Display”) is a known suitable candidate for systemic configuration into a Z-Axis Redundant Display. It exhibits the requisite transparency, it fails in the off-mode without power, and it satisfies the performance/environmental/survivability criteria associated with applications demanding fault tolerance through device redundancy.
The present invention treats the TMOS Display as a modular element in a larger architectural construct. This construct, broadly conceived, involves the disposition of two or more TMOS Displays in spaced-apart relation to each other, said relation keeping the planes of all constituent TMOS Displays parallel. When TMOS Displays are used as the target module being replicated (as recommended), the interstitial spacing between them is nominally greater than the wavelength of the lowest frequency light traveling in each TMOS Display waveguide to avoid crosstalk between displays occasioned by evanescent coupling. The interstitial gap cannot be filled with material bearing a high refractive index, since TMOS Displays use the principle of Frustrated Total Internal Reflection to generate images. The gap may be filled with air or material with a refractive index very near that exhibited by air (1.00-1.06). The present invention can incorporate displays other than TMOS Displays that fulfill the criteria enunciated above; the limitations inherent in these alternate candidates would directly influence the geometry of the construct. From this point forward, the term “module” will be taken to mean a TMOS Display or a generally equivalent alternate candidate that satisfies the key viability criteria herein tabulated. The term “construct” will refer to the systemic composition of two or more modules in spaced-apart relation to secure the benefits accruing to such composition.
The primary display in a construct may be the topmost/frontmost module, with the backup display(s) being one or more modules situated underneath/behind it. In one embodiment, only the primary display operates while the backup display(s) remain(s) quiescent. In the event of failure of the primary display, the appropriate circuitry either detects this fact or is apprised of it by operator action, shuts down power to the primary display, activates the next backup display and reroutes video signals to the latter. If more than simple redundancy obtains, the failure of the secondary display would trigger the activation of a tertiary display, etc., thus securing additional redundancy as required.
The present invention is independent of any specific mounting technology to hold the modules in the correct spaced relationship in the construct. It broadly covers all implementations of display redundancy in which the salient features herein disclosed are in evidence. There may well be levels of sophistication in such mounting technologies that enable ease of module replacement within the construct. There may also be many variations in how to reroute information from the failed primary display to a backup display (from one module to another). The present invention discloses an overarching architecture from which such present and future sophistications derive meaning and utility.
To achieve so-called “hardware separation” between data bearing different security/classification levels, the same parallel module disposition can be applied. In this instance, the driver circuitry is not geared to redundancy but rather to keeping displayed data bearing a specific security clearance level on a specific module within the module “stack.” Users of such systems who lack the appropriate security clearances will not receive information restricted to the corresponding module since that module will be deactivated or otherwise rendered quiescent. Only the modules in the stack for which the user has clearance will be activated and permitted to display information.
Where a sufficiently large number of modules comprise a stack, it is feasible to emulate explicit 3-dimensional objects by encoding the 2-dimensional projected cross-section of these objects into the respective planes represented by the modules. The level of Z-axis granularity under this emulation schema will be proportional to the number of modules comprising the stack and inversely proportional to inter-module spacing.
Applying redundancy to “reality overlay” applications (e.g., helmet-mounted see-through displays) is also readily achieved by applying the principles of the disclosed construct to the device under contemplation. Since both modules are transparent, the reality overlay criterion (the ability to view the real world through the display, which is usually situated near the observer's eye) is maintained under standard operating mode with the primary display or in emergency backup mode with the secondary display within the construct displaying the viewable image.
In the case of a reality overlay display application, there is no opaque layer comprising the final part of the construct, inasmuch as such a layer would be inconsistent with the “see through” criterion at the heart of such a system. However, such an opaque (black) layer may be used to provide a reference black background against which images are generated. There are two different ways to implement such an opaque background within the construct: (1) if the opaque background is static (fixed and unchanging in blackness), such as would be the case if it were an extended planar sheet of carbon nanofoam, the layer must be placed behind all the other modules; (2) if the opaque background is dynamic (capable of being switched between transparent and opaque modes), this layer can be either situated as in (1) above, or can itself be replicated behind each module so that each layer of the construct has its own dynamic black background.
The foregoing has outlined rather broadly the features and technical advantages of one or more embodiments of the present invention in order that the detailed description of the invention that follows may be better understood. Additional features and advantages of the invention will be described hereinafter which form the subject of the claims of the invention.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGSA better understanding of the present invention can be obtained when the following detailed description is considered in conjunction with the following drawings, in which:
In the following description, numerous specific details are set forth to provide a thorough understanding of the present invention. However, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the present invention may be practiced without such specific details. In other instances, well-known circuits and algorithms have been shown in block diagram form in order not to obscure the present invention in unnecessary detail. For the most part, details involving timing considerations and the like have been omitted inasmuch as such details are not necessary to obtain a complete understanding of the present invention and are within the skills of persons of ordinary skill in the relevant art.
As stated in the Background Information section, a complement of transparent displays disposed in a spaced-apart relation along the Z-axis (display stacking) can provide valuable system redundancy characteristics in conjunction with improved human factors engineering (identical position for the primary and backup display for any given piece of instrumentation). As before, a transparent display, whether based on a TMOS display or an equivalent alternate technology bearing the requisite attributes, shall be termed a module, while the composition of modules into a system shall be termed a construct. A general principle of the present invention in one embodiment is illustrated in
Each module 100, 101 may include a matrix of optical shutters commonly referred to as pixels or picture elements as illustrated in
Each pixel 1302, as illustrated in
Pixel 1302 may further comprise a transparent element shown for convenience of description as disk 1405 (but not limited to a disk shape), disposed on the top surface of electrode 1404, and formed of high-refractive index material, preferably the same material as comprises light guidance substrate 1401.
In this particular embodiment, it is necessary that the distance between light guidance substrate 1401 and disk 1405 be controlled very accurately. In particular, it has been found that in the quiescent state, the distance between light guidance substrate 1401 and disk 1405 should be approximately 1.5 times the wavelength of the guided light, but in any event this distance must be maintained greater than one wavelength. Thus the relative thicknesses of ground plane 1402, deformable elastomer layer 1403, and electrode 1404 are adjusted accordingly. In the active state, disk 1405 must be pulled by capacitative action, as discussed below, to a distance of less than one wavelength from the top surface of light guidance substrate 1401.
In operation, pixel 1302 exploits an evanescent coupling effect, whereby TIR (Total Internal Reflection) is violated at pixel 1302 by modifying the geometry of deformable elastomer layer 1403 such that, under the capacitative attraction effect, a concavity 1406 results (which can be seen in
The distance between electrode 1404 and ground plane 1402 may be extremely small, e.g., 1 micrometer, and occupied by deformable layer 1403 such as a thin deposition of room temperature vulcanizing silicone. While the voltage is small, the electric field between the parallel plates of the capacitor (in effect, electrode 1404 and ground plane 1402 form a parallel plate capacitor) is high enough to impose a deforming force thereby deforming elastomer layer 1403 as illustrated in
The electric field between the parallel plates of the capacitor may be controlled by the charging and discharging of the capacitor which effectively causes the attraction between electrode 1404 and ground plane 1402. By charging the capacitor, the strength of the electrostatic forces between the plates increases thereby deforming elastomer layer 1403 to couple light out of the substrate 1401 through electrode 1404 and disk 1405 as illustrated in
Returning to
If the primary display failure has been detected, then, in step 604, the primary display is deactivated to place the primary display in a quiescent, fully transparent state. Referring to step 603, if the operator initiated a reversion to the backup display, then, step 604, the primary display is deactivated to place the primary display in a quiescent, fully transparent state.
In step 605, the secondary display is activated and the video signals are routed to the secondary display instead of to the primary display.
Where dynamic planar backgrounds are implemented, the modified algorithm of
Referring to
If the primary display failure has been detected, then, in step 704, the primary display is deactivated to place the primary display in a quiescent, fully transparent state. Referring to step 703, if the operator initiated a reversion to the backup display, then, step 704, the primary display is deactivated to place the primary display in a quiescent, fully transparent state.
In step 705, the primary display's dynamic opaque back layer is deactivated thereby making the primary display's dynamic opaque back layer transparent. Further, in step 705, the secondary display's dynamic back layer is activated thereby making the secondary display's dynamic back layer opaque.
In step 706, secondary display is activated and the video signals are routed to the secondary display instead of to the primary display.
Referring to
In step 1502, a second module, e.g., module 801 (
In step 1503, a third module, e.g., module 802 (
Referring to
Referring to
If the login flag is set for the first security level, then in step 1106, display 800 (
If the login flag is set for the second security level, then in step 1107, display 801 (
If the login flag is set for the third security level, then in step 1108, display 802 (
Referring to
If the calculated intersection does exist and can be encoded, then, in step 1203, the line of intersection between the 3-D solid object and the virtual plane of the selected display is encoded and that image is generated on the display. In step 1204, a determination is made as to whether all the displays between 900 and 901 have been polled.
If, however, the calculated intersection does not exist and/or cannot be encoded, then in step 1204, a determination is made as to whether all the displays between 900 and 901 have been polled.
If all the displays between 900 and 901 have not been polled, then in step 1201, the insertion of the 3-D object's surface with the virtual plane of the display is determined for each display within the multiplicity disposed between 900 and 901.
If, however, all the displays between 900 and 901 have been polled, then in step 1205, a frame of image data containing the data describing the 3-D objects is accepted. Upon accepting the frame of image data, the insertion of the 3-D object's surface with the virtual plane of the display is determined for each display within the multiplicity disposed between 900 and 901 in step 1201.
Although the system and method are described in connection with several embodiments, it is not intended to be limited to the specific forms set forth herein, but on the contrary, it is intended to cover such alternatives, modifications and equivalents, as can be reasonably included within the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.
Claims
1. A display system comprising:
- a first visually transparent display module; and
- a second display module positioned in a spaced relationship to the first display module in a stacked formation substantially along a Z-axis perpendicular to a display face of the first display module;
- wherein each display module can be selectively activated to display a visual image or deactivated to a quiescent state, and wherein when the second display module is activated to display the viewed image, the viewed image can be viewed through the first display module.
2. The display system of claim 1, further comprising a third display module positioned in spaced relationship to the second display module in a stacked formation substantially along the Z-axis.
3. The display system of claim 1, wherein when the second display module is in an active state displaying the viewed image, the first display module is visually transparent in the quiescent state.
4. The display system of claim 1, wherein a single display module is activated to display an image at a point in time.
5. The display system of claim 1, wherein more than one display module is activated to display an image at a point in time.
6. The display system of claim 1, further comprising a static opaque layer positioned behind the second display module distal from the first display module in the Z-axis, wherein the second display module is visually transparent.
7. The display system of claim 1, further comprising a dynamic opaque layer positioned behind the second display module distal from the first display module in the Z-axis, wherein the dynamic opaque layer can be activated to an opaque visual state and deactivated to a transparent visual state.
8. The display system of claim 1, further comprising an opaque layer positioned behind the second display module distal from the first display module in the Z-axis, and a dynamic opaque layer positioned between the first and second display modules wherein the dynamic opaque layer can be activated to a visually opaque visual state and deactivated to a visually transparent state.
9. The display system of claim 1, wherein the first and second display modules are substantially parallel to each other along their X and Y axes.
10. The display system of claim 1, wherein the first and second display modules are not parallel to each other along their X and Y axes, but are aligned so that a viewed image displayed by the second display module is viewable through the first display module.
11. A method of operating a display system comprising the steps of:
- providing a first visually transparent display module, wherein the first visually transparent display module can be activated to display an image and deactivated to a quiescent state;
- providing a second display module positioned in a spaced relationship to the first display module in a stacked formation substantially along a Z-axis perpendicular to a display face of the first display module, wherein the second display module can be selectively activated to display the image and deactivated to a quiescent state; and
- activating a display module to display the visual image, wherein when the second display module is activated to display the viewed image, the viewed image can be viewed through the first display module.
12. The method of claim 11, further providing a third display module positioned in spaced relationship to the second display module in a stacked formation substantially along the Z-axis, wherein the third display module can be selectively activated to display the image and deactivated to a quiescent state, wherein when the third display module is activated to display the viewed image, the viewed image can be viewed through the first and the second display modules.
13. The method of claim 11, further comprising the step of activating a single display module to display the image at a point in time, wherein when the second display is activated to display the image the first display module is visually transparent in the quiescent state.
14. The method of claim 11, further comprising the step of activating more than one display module to display the image.
15. The method of claim 11, further providing a static opaque layer positioned behind the second display module distal from the first display module in the Z-axis, wherein the second display module is visually transparent.
16. The method of claim 11, further providing a dynamic opaque layer positioned behind the second display module distal from the first display module in the Z-axis, wherein the dynamic opaque layer can be activated to an opaque visual state and deactivated to a transparent visual state.
17. The method of claim 16, further comprising the step of activating the dynamic opaque layer to an opaque visual state.
18. The method of claim 16, further comprising the step of deactivating the dynamic opaque layer to a transparent visual state.
19. The method of claim 11, further providing an opaque layer positioned behind the second display module distal from the first display module in the Z-axis, and a dynamic opaque layer positioned between the first and second display modules, wherein the dynamic opaque layer can be activated to a visually opaque visual state and deactivated to a visually transparent state.
20. The method of claim 19, further comprising the steps of:
- activating the first display module to display the image; and
- activating the dynamic opaque layer to a opaque visual state.
21. The method of claim 19, further comprising the steps of:
- activating the first display module to display the image; and
- deactivating the dynamic opaque layer to a visually transparent state.
22. The method of claim 19, further comprising the step of:
- activating the second display module to display the image, wherein the first display module is visually transparent in the quiescent state and the dynamic opaque layer is in the deactivated visually transparent state.
23. The method of claim 19, wherein the opaque layer positioned behind the second display module is a dynamic opaque layer, wherein the dynamic opaque layer can be activated to a visually opaque visual state and deactivated to a visually transparent state.
24. The method of claim 12, further providing a dynamic opaque layer positioned behind the third display module distal from the first display module in the Z-axis, wherein the dynamic opaque layer can be activated to an opaque visual state and deactivated to a transparent visual state.
25. The method of claim 12, further providing an opaque layer positioned behind the third display module distal from the first display module in the Z-axis, and a dynamic opaque layer positioned between the first and second display modules, wherein the dynamic opaque layer can be activated to a visually opaque visual state and deactivated to a visually transparent state.
26. A display system comprising:
- a first visually transparent display module having a display face; and
- a second display module having a display face;
- wherein the display modules are positioned in a stacked formation substantially along a Z-axis perpendicular to a display face of the first display module, and wherein the display module faces are not aligned in the same in the X-Y plane;
- wherein each display module can be selectively activated to display a visual image or deactivated to a quiescent state, and wherein when the second display module is activated to display the viewed image, the viewed image can be viewed through the first display module.
27. The display system of claim 26, further comprising a third display module having a display face, the third display module positioned in spaced relationship to the second display module in a stacked formation substantially along the Z-axis and wherein the display module faces are not aligned in the same X-Y plane.
28. The display system of claim 26, wherein the display module faces are substantially parallel to each other along their X and Y axis.
29. The display system of claim 26, wherein the display module faces are not parallel to each other along their X and Y axes, but are aligned so that a viewed image displayed by the second display module is viewable through the first display module.
30. The display system of claim 26, further comprising a dynamic opaque layer positioned behind the second display module distal from the first display module in the Z-axis, wherein the dynamic opaque layer can be activated to an opaque visual state and deactivated to a transparent visual state.
31. The display system of claim 26, further comprising an opaque layer positioned behind the second display module distal from the first display module in the Z-axis, and a dynamic opaque layer positioned between the first and second display modules wherein the dynamic opaque layer can be activated to a visually opaque visual state and deactivated to a visually transparent state.
32. The display system of claim 27, further comprising a dynamic opaque layer positioned behind the third display module distal from the first display module in the Z-axis, wherein the dynamic opaque layer can be activated to an opaque visual state and deactivated to a transparent visual state.
33. The display system of claim 27, further comprising an opaque layer positioned behind the third display module distal from the first display module in the Z-axis, and a dynamic opaque layer positioned between the first and second display modules, wherein the dynamic opaque layer can be activated to a visually opaque visual state and deactivated to a visually transparent state.
34. A display system comprising:
- a plurality of display modules positioned in a stacked formation substantially along a Z-axis, wherein each of said plurality of display modules is positioned in a spaced-apart relation with respect to one another; and
- a three-dimensional image displayed in said plurality of display modules, wherein each of said plurality of display modules displays a line of intersection between said three-dimensional image and a plane of its display module.
35. A display system comprising:
- a first display module configured to display a first type of information; and
- a second display module positioned in a spaced apart relation to said first display module, wherein said second display module is configured to display a second type of information;
- wherein said first type of information is displayed upon receipt of a first password, wherein said second type of information is displayed upon receipt of a second password.
Type: Application
Filed: Oct 3, 2003
Publication Date: Apr 7, 2005
Applicant: Uni-Pixel Displays, Inc. (Georgetown, TX)
Inventor: Martin Selbrede (Austin, TX)
Application Number: 10/678,789