COMBINED EXPANSION DEVICE AND FOUR-WAY REVERSING VALVE IN ECONOMIZED HEAT PUMPS
A refrigerant system is operable in either heating mode or cooling mode. The system is also provided with an economizer cycle that will function in either heating mode or cooling mode. A four-way valve assembly selectively communicates refrigerant from either an indoor heat exchanger or outdoor heat exchanger to an economizer heat exchanger. The valve assembly further includes a restriction for restricting a refrigerant flow downstream of the economizer heat exchanger. The valve assembly provides two distinct restrictions such that a different size restriction is presented to the flow in cooling and heating modes. In this way, a single valve assembly can provide both the required routing for the alternative heating and cooling modes, and at the same time allow for distinct restriction sizes for the two modes without the necessity of separate expansion devices, also improving overall system cost and reliability.
This invention relates to a refrigerant system that may be utilized for operation in both a heating and cooling modes, and wherein an economizer cycle is provided in both modes.
Refrigerant systems provide cooled air in an air conditioning mode and a heated air in a heat pump mode. Essentially, the refrigerant flow through the system is reversed to provide the two distinct modes.
One modern development in refrigerant cycles is the inclusion of an economizer cycle. An economizer cycle taps a portion of a refrigerant flow downstream of the outdoor heat exchanger in the cooling mode or downstream of the indoor heat exchanger in the heating mode. The tapped refrigerant is used to subcool the main refrigerant flow. The tapped refrigerant passes through an economizer expansion device, where its temperature is reduced during the expansion process, and then through an economizer heat exchanger.
The subject of this invention is to combine a four-way reversing valve with a main expansion device in a refrigerant cycle that will preferably have a different size orifice to the refrigerant flow in cooling and heating modes. Having stand alone expansion devices may be undesirably expensive, as well as presents additional reliability concerns.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTIONIn a disclosed embodiment of this invention, a single four-way reversing valve assembly selectively routes a refrigerant serially through an economizer heat exchanger, and then through an expansion device. This valve assembly further preferably includes a plurality of ports, with an internal sliding spool piston. Preferably, the valve consists of four ports. Two of these ports are always in fully open position, and one of the remaining two ports is either fully open or partially closed. The position of the spool piston relative to a partially closed port provides the orifice for a main expansion device. By controlling the relative position of the sliding spool piston in relation to a partially closed port, an orifice size for cooling and heating mode is established. Thus, the partially closed orifice, that is part of the four-way valve port, becomes an expansion device in itself. The size of the orifice is tailored to each of the cooling mode and the heating mode. That is, two separate expansion elements need not be provided for cooling and heating modes.
In a preferred embodiment, a simple control moves the spool piston between heating and cooling positions.
These and other features of the present invention can be best understood from the following specification and drawings, the following of which is a brief description.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
An outdoor heat exchanger 24 exchanges heat between a refrigerant flow and outdoor air. Indoor heat exchanger 28 exchanges heat with indoor air. A four-way valve 30 controls the flow of refrigerant from the compressor 22 either initially to the outdoor heat exchanger 24 (cooling mode) or to the indoor heat exchanger 28 (heating mode). An economizer expansion device 32 selectively allows the flow of a refrigerant from a tap 37 to economizer heat exchanger 34. While the expansion device can be closed completely and perform the shutoff function as well, distinct components can be used to separate these two duties. A return line 38 returns the tapped flow back to the compressor 22. A line 27 returns the refrigerant from an indoor heat exchanger 28 (cooling mode) or outdoor heat exchanger 24 (heating mode) to the compressor 22, depending upon the position of the four-way valve 30. A valve assembly 36 routes refrigerant to the economizer heat exchanger and compressor suction port as well as provides an expansion function as will be described.
As shown in
The refrigerant system may also operate in a non-economizer mode. In non-economizer mode, the economizer expansion device 32 is closed. Refrigerant is no longer tapped from the line 37 into the heat exchanger 34. However, when an economizer cycle is desired, valve 32 is opened, and the tapped refrigerant flows from tap 37 through the economizer heat exchanger 34. This tapped refrigerant is cooled after having passed through the economizer expansion device 32. It thus cools the refrigerant flowing in the main flow line through the economizer heat exchanger and the line 35. The details and reasons for providing an economizer cycle are as known, and form no portion of this invention. However, the present invention does provide two functions with a single valve assembly by combining the valve for shifting between heating and cooling modes and routing the refrigerant to the economizer heat exchanger and compressor suction port, and further providing the main expansion valve function. The tapped refrigerant from the line 37, after having passed through the economizer heat exchanger 34 is returned through a line 38 to an intermediate compression point in the compressor 22.
A control for the system 44, operates the devices 30, 32 and 36, dependent on whether the refrigerant system is in the heating or cooling mode, and whether economizer cycle operation is desired. A worker of ordinary skill in the art would recognize how to provide an appropriate control.
Although a preferred embodiment of this invention has been disclosed, a worker of ordinary skill in this art would recognize that certain modifications would come within the scope of this invention. For that reason, the following claims should be studied to determine the true scope and content of this invention.
Claims
1. A refrigerant cycle comprising:
- a compressor;
- an outdoor heat exchanger;
- an indoor heat exchanger;
- a valve assembly for selectively communicating a flow of refrigerant from said outdoor heat exchanger to an economizer heat exchanger in cooling mode, and said valve assembly communicating a flow of refrigerant from said indoor heat exchanger to said economizer heat exchanger in heating mode, said valve assembly presenting a restriction to refrigerant flow downstream of said economizer heat exchanger in both said cooling and heating modes.
2. A refrigerant cycle as set forth in claim 1, wherein said valve assembly includes a sliding spool piston, with end faces of said sliding spool piston providing said restriction to flow with at least one port in a valve body for receiving said spool piston.
3. A refrigerant cycle as set forth in claim 2, wherein two distinct restrictions are formed by said ports and said sliding spool piston in said cooling mode, and said heating mode.
4. A refrigerant cycle as set forth in claim 1, wherein an economizer expansion valve and shut-off valve are placed on a tap line upstream of said economizer heat exchanger.
5. A refrigerant cycle as set forth in claim 1, wherein distinct size restrictions are presented to said refrigerant flow in said cooling mode and said heating mode.
6. A refrigerant cycle as set forth in claim 1, wherein said valve assembly is a four-way valve.
7. A refrigerant cycle comprising:
- a compressor;
- an outdoor heat exchanger;
- an indoor heat exchanger;
- a first valve for selectively providing a flow of refrigerant from said compressor to said outdoor heat exchanger in cooling mode, or to said indoor heat exchanger in heating mode; and
- a second valve assembly for providing an expansion device to a flow of refrigerant from said outdoor heat exchanger in cooling mode, providing an expansion device to said flow of refrigerant, from said indoor heat exchanger in heating mode, said second valve assembly including a sliding spool piston sliding in a valve body, said valve body having at least two ports, and end faces of said sliding spool piston providing a restriction to flow with each of said two ports provide distinct restrictions to flow in said cooling and heating modes.
8. A method of operating a refrigerant cycle comprising the steps of:
- (1) providing a first valve for selectively communicating a refrigerant from a compressor to an outdoor heat exchanger, or to an indoor heat exchanger, dependent on whether the refrigerant system is in a cooling or heating mode, providing a tap line for tapping refrigerant to provide an economizer function from either downstream of said outdoor heat exchanger in a cooling mode, or downstream from said indoor heat exchanger in a heating mode, and providing an economizer heat exchanger downstream of said tap line; and
- (2) moving a second valve to selectively communicate said tap line to a location either downstream of said outdoor heat exchanger or said indoor heat exchanger, in combination with movement of said first valve, and providing a restriction to flow downstream of said economizer heat exchanger for a main refrigerant flow path and in said second valve, said restriction being provided to be of different orifice size when said refrigerant cycle is in a cooling mode or a heating mode.
Type: Application
Filed: Oct 24, 2003
Publication Date: Apr 28, 2005
Inventors: Alexander Lifson (Manlius, NY), Thomas Dobmeier (Phoenix, NY), Michael Taras (Fayetteville, NY)
Application Number: 10/693,593