Inflatable multi-function parabolic reflector apparatus and methods of manufacture
An inflatable, multifunction, multipurpose, parabolic reflector apparatus having a plurality of manufactured parabolic mirrors made from a pressure-deformable reflective covering of an inflatable ring for focusing electromagnetic energy from radio frequency radiation (RF) through the ultraviolet radiation (UV) and solar energy for (1) heating and cooking, for (2) electrical power generation, for (3) enhancing the transmission and reception of radio signals, for (4) enhancing vision in low-light environments, and for (5) projection of optical signals or images. The device also has non-electromagnetic uses, such as the collection of water. A first main embodiment utilizes two membranes, where at least one is reflective to electromagnetic radiation. A second main embodiment utilizes a reflective membrane and a transparent membrane. Portability is enhanced by complete collapsing of the inflatable device.
1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates generally to radiant electromagnetic energy concentrating, focusing and beaming devices and manufacturing methods. More specifically, the invention, in one of its preferred embodiments, is an inflatable parabolic reflector device made from pressure-deformable reflective membranes supported by an integral inflatable ring for focusing electromagnetic energy from radio frequency radiation (RF) through the ultraviolet radiation (UV) including solar energy for (1) heating or cooking, (2) electrical power generation, (3) enhancing the transmission or reception of radio signals, (4) enhancing vision in low-light environments, and/or (5) projection of optical signals or images.
A first main embodiment utilizes two or more pressure-deformable membranes, at least one of which is reflective, to form a central reflector chamber, which can be inflated to either sub-ambient (as required for most applications) or super-ambient pressures to deploy the reflective membranes. A second main embodiment utilizes at least one reflective membrane and at least one transparent membrane to form a central reflector chamber, which can be inflated only to super-ambient pressures.
The invention also contemplates that the apparatus can be used for such non-electromagnetic functions as (1) the collecting and/or storage of water, (2) use as a water flotation device, (3) use as a gurney or cast, (4) use as a portable fermentor apparatus, or (5) the directional amplification of sound. The invention contemplates numerous other uses as discussed hereinbelow and as readily apparent to a user of the device.
2. Related Art
a. Description
The related art of interest describes various electromagnetic energy harnessing devices, but none discloses the present invention. There is a need for an economical device useful for many different purposes and deflatable for portage and storage.
U.S. Pat. No. 3,326,624 issued on Jun. 20, 1967, to Wladimir von Maydell et al. describes an inflatable paraboloid mirror capable of being formed into a permanently rigid structure in outer space to collect solar energy for space stations and flying bodies. The mirror has a valved annular ring, radial segmental covers or strip springs, radial heating wires, and a valved double walled mirror formed with polyester foam coated with a reflector material. The ring and mirror have internal rigid spacers.
U.S. Pat. No. 5,920,294 issued on Jul. 6, 1999, to Bibb B. Allen describes a space antenna having an interior tensioned multiple cord attachment in a balloon which uses Mylar® for electromagnetic and solar energy applications in a first embodiment. A second embodiment utilizes an exterior tensioned cord attachment to a spacecraft of an antenna reflector of a gold-plated molybdenum or graphite wire mesh inside an inflated toroidal support balloon which uses Mylar® for electromagnetic and solar energy applications.
U.S. Pat. No. 4,352,112 issued on Sep. 28, 1982, to Fritz Leonhardt et al. describes a large reflector having an inner face of either a polished aluminum sheet or a plastic sheet backed by individual membrane segments of a rigid foam backing having a curved concave surface and an opening in its center. Two membranes formed as concave or convex reflectors are used to reflect and concentrate solar rays to a heat absorber, heat exchanger and the like.
U.S. Pat. No. 2,977,596 issued on Mar. 28, 1961, to Harold D. Justice describes an inflatable circular antenna saucer on a transmitter or receiver base.
U.S. Pat. No. 3,005,987 issued on Oct. 24, 1961, to Kent M. Mack et al. describes an inflatable antenna assembly comprising a radome covering an inflatable elliptical tubular membrane support having structural lacing and two concave sheets of flexible non-conducting sheets, wherein one sheet is coated with vaporized aluminum.
U.S. Pat. No. 3,056,131 issued on Sep. 25, 1962, to Ralph L. McCreary describes an inflatable reflector for electromagnetic radiation comprising two concave thin sheets of flexible plastic material, wherein at least one sheet having a parabolic shape.
U.S. Pat. No. 3,221,333 issued on Nov. 30, 1965, to Desmond M. Brown describes an inflatable radio antenna comprising an oblate bag aerial including a pair of spaced parallel insulating planar surfaces connected to a medial portion and having two antenna elements mounted parallel to form a capacitive plate antenna.
U.S. Pat. No. 3,413,645 issued on Nov. 26, 1968, to Richard J. Koehler describes an elongated inflatable parabolic radar antenna toroid assembly providing a small wave energy aperture in one plane and a larger wave energy aperture in a perpendicular plane.
U.S. Pat. No. 3,471,860 issued on Oct. 7, 1969, to Floyd D. Amburgey describes a reflector antenna having a variable or flexible surface, the geometrical shape of which may be changed by air pressure or a partial vacuum behind the flexible membrane for the purpose of obtaining the best reception from this antenna type.
U.S. Pat. No. 4,672,389 issued on Jun. 9, 1987, to David N. Ulry describes an inflatable reflector apparatus and a method of manufacture. A super-ambient pressure is maintained within the envelope which is maintained by a compression frame member.
U.S. Pat. No. 4,741,609 issued on May 3, 1988, to Daniel V. Sallis describes a stretched membrane heliostat having a membrane mounted on a circular frame, there being a double-walled portion of the membrane that extends in a circle near the periphery of the membrane to form a bladder that is inflatable to tension the membrane.
U.S. Pat. No. 4,755,819 issued on Jul. 5, 1988, to Marco C. Bernasconi et al. describes a parabolically-shaped reflector antenna intended for space vehicle applications. The device is inflated by a gas in space to form an antenna reflector and an antenna radome stabilized by a rigidizing torus. The covering material is a resin-impregnated fabric which when heated by the sun polymerizes to render the reflector antenna stable and requires no gas pressure to keep its shape.
U.S. Pat. No. 5,276,600 issued on Jan. 4, 1994, to Takase Mitsuo et al. describes a planar reflector composed of a base and a flexible polymeric plastic substrate having a high reflective silver layer formed thereon and overlayed on the base with an adhesive layer interposed between the two layers.
U.S. Pat. No. 5,486,984 issued on Jan. 23, 1996, to Jack V. Miller describes a parabolic fiber optic light guide luminaire device comprising an elongated fiber optic light guide having one end accepting light and the opposite end emitting light on a coaxially disposed optical axis near the focus of the paraboloidal reflector.
U.S. Pat. No. 5,836,667 issued on Nov. 17, 1998, to Glenn Baker et al. describes an electromagnetic radiation source or arc lamp located at a point displaced from the optical axis of a concave toroidal reflecting surface. The target is an optical fiber. A second concave reflector is placed opposite the first reflector to enhance the total flux collected by the small target.
U.S. Pat. No. 5,893,360 issued on Apr. 13, 1999, to O'Malley O. Stoumen et al. describes an inflatable solar oven comprising two sheets of flexible material sealed at their edges. The top sheet is clear and the bottom sheet has a reflective layer.
U.S. Pat. No. 5,947,581 issued on Sep. 7, 1999, to Michael L. Schrimmer et al. describes a light-emitting diode (LED) illuminated balloon comprising a gas-impermeable membrane containing gas and a self-contained illuminating LED.
U.S. Pat. No. 5,967,652 issued on Oct. 19, 1999, and U.S. Pat. No. 6,238,077 issued on May 29, 2001, to David P. Ramer et al. describes an apparatus for projecting electro-magnetic radiation with a tailored intensity distribution over a spherical sector.
U.S. Pat. No. 6,106,135 issued on Aug. 22, 2000, to Robert Zingale et al. describes an inflatable translucent balloon having a light source attached suspended inside and tethered by an AC light source or a fiber optic. The light source can be an internal incandescent lamp, LED, laser, a flashing xenon lamp or a DC battery.
U.S. Pat. No. 6,150,995 issued on Nov. 21, 2000, to L. Dwight Gilger describes a combined photovoltaic array and a deployable perimeter truss RF reflector.
U.S. Pat. No. 6,219,009 issued on Apr. 17, 2001, to John Shipley et al. describes a tensioned cord and tie attachment of a collapsible antenna reflector to an inflatable radial truss support structure.
U.K. Patent Application No. 758,090 published on Sep. 26, 1956, for Charles T. Suchy et al. describes an inflatable balloon having arranged within a radio aerial.
France Patent Application No. 1.048.681 published on Dec. 23, 1953, for Adnan Tarcici describes a reflector for concentrating solar energy for cooking when camping.
Japan Patent Application No. 59-97205 published on Jun. 5, 1984, for Yasuo Nagazumi describes a parabolic antenna having an airtight chamber filled with nitrogen and demarcated with a radiating aluminum casing and a heat insulating mirror.
b. Advantages Thereover
The instant device is superior to the related art in at least six very significant respects. First, the instant device is superior to the related art as a result of its highly multi-functional, multi-purpose nature. It is noted that both the first and second embodiments of the instant device have numerous electromagnetic and non-electromagnetic utilities. In contrast, all related art is significantly more limited with respect to utilities and applications thereof.
Second, the instant device is superior to the related art as a result of its extremely lightweight and compactly foldable construction, which greatly facilitates portage and storage. As an example, note that a pocket-sized version of the instant device with a mass of approximately 125 grams and measuring only 9.0 cm by 12.0 cm by 1.0 cm when fully collapsed can be inflated to yield a fully deployed device having a 120 cm diameter primary reflector providing 1000 watts of highly concentrated broad-spectrum radiant energy when utilized terrestrially as a solar concentrator device. It is noted that such a device can thus provide an unprecedented mass-specific power output approximating 8000 watts per kilogram.
Third, the instant device is superior to the related art as a result of its precisely pre-formed reflective membranes and other optional features, which greatly increase the operational safety of the device. More specifically, the use of pre-formed parabolic reflective membranes (instead of planar membranes as generally used in related art) allows the device to have (and can limit the device to) relatively short focal lengths, thereby enabling the user to maintain greater control over the location of any potentially dangerous, high concentrations of radiant energy.
In addition, the use of pre-formed, non-parabolic reflective membranes may be used to limit the degree of energy concentration to safer levels. Furthermore, the use of optional integral safety cages and covers reduces the risk of accidental exposure to high concentrations of electromagnetic radiation.
Fourth, the instant device is superior to the related art in that it is easier to deploy (inflate) as a result of its pre-formed reflective membranes. Note that by using pre-formed reflective membranes, such reflective membranes can be fully deployed using significantly less differential pressure across the membranes, thereby facilitating proper inflation.
Fifth, the first embodiment of the instant device is more efficient in that it eliminates a plurality of losses inherent in the super-ambient reflector chamber designs of the related art. Note that by employing a sub-ambient pressure reflector chamber in the first embodiment of the instant device, sunlight or other electromagnetic radiation can travel, unobstructed, from the energy source to the reflector and then to the target. Accordingly, the first embodiment of the instant device causes no (zero) losses of radiant electromagnetic energy as such energy travels to and from the reflector. In contrast, in the related art, sunlight or other electromagnetic radiation must pass through the transparent membrane of the super-ambient reflector chamber on its way to and from the reflector, thereby resulting in a plurality of losses. These losses include the reflection, absorption, and diffusion of electromagnetic radiation as it travels to and from the reflector.
In greater detail, as light travels to the reflector, some of the light is reflected by the outer surface of the transparent membrane, through which the light must pass on its way to the reflector. As the remaining light travels through the thickness of the transparent membrane, additional energy is absorbed and/or diffused as a result of molecular interaction. Next, as the remaining light reaches the interior surface of the transparent membrane, additional light is reflected back through the membrane because of a difference between the indices of refraction of the transparent membrane and the gas (typically air) inside the reflector chamber. These three processes are repeated for light that has been reflected off the mirror, thus resulting in a total of six significant transmission losses. Furthermore, light which does manage to successfully pass through the transparent membrane is still subject to unwanted diffusion or dispersion due to the optically imperfect surfaces of the transparent membrane. Ultimately, the transparent membranes of the super-ambient reflector chambers of the related art are typically responsible for reducing the efficiency of such devices by twenty percent, or more.
Sixth, the instant device is superior to the related art as a result of its extremely simple, highly integrated structure, which makes the device very economical. Note that the designs specified in the related art do not demonstrate the high degree of integration and resulting simplicity of construction that is specified herein for the instant device. Also note that the relative simplicity of the instant device is due, in part, to the fact that its reflective membranes can be deformed into precise concave parabolic surfaces using only the surrounding ambient pressure (and partial evacuation of the reflector chamber) to concavely deform its reflective membranes. In contrast, related art relies on complex mechanical arrangements or electrostatic systems to concavely deform the reflective membranes.
As one reads subsequent sections of this document, it will become quite clear that the first and second embodiments of the instant device are also superior to the related art in a variety of other ways including, among other items, various methods of manufacture.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTIONThe invention, in its preferred embodiments, is a portable, multifunction, multipurpose, inflatable parabolic reflector device (apparatus) made from pressure-deformable membranes, of which at least one is reflective, supported by an inflatable ring for focusing electromagnetic energy from radio frequency (RF) radiation through ultraviolet (UV) radiation including broad-spectrum solar energy for (1) heating and cooking, (2) generating thermal or electrical power, (3) enhancing the transmission or reception of radio signals, (4) enhancing vision in low-light environments, and/or (5) the projection of optical signals or images. The multifunctional device also offers numerous non-electromagnetic functions such as (1) the collecting and/or storage of water, (2) use as a water flotation device, (3) use as a gurney or cast, (4) use as a portable fermentor apparatus, and/or (5) the directional amplification of sound.
A first main embodiment utilizes two pressure-deformable membranes, at least one of which is reflective, to form a central reflector chamber, which can be inflated to either sub-ambient (preferred) or super-ambient pressures to deploy the reflective membranes. A second main embodiment utilizes at least one reflective membrane and at least one transparent membrane to form a central reflector chamber, which can be inflated only to super-ambient pressures. Both embodiments employ reflective membranes which are pre-formed into the shape of a paraboloid to enhance safety and facilitate operation. However, the use of non-preformed, i.e. planar, reflective membranes is contemplated to enable a variable focal length. Furthermore, the use of pre-formed, non-parabolic, i.e. spherical, undulating, or series of conic sections, reflective membranes is contemplated to limit the maximum degree of concentration to further enhance safety.
Specific portable devices and apparatuses are shown for both main embodiments which further facilitate or enable a wide range of useful applications such as (1) the concentration and collection of broad-spectrum solar energy for cooking, heating, distillation, and power generation; (2) the reception and transmission of radio signals; (3) the illumination of interior, subterranean, and underwater environments; (4) the collection and storage of water or other liquids; and/or (5) the directional amplification of sound. Fabrication processes are disclosed for forming the products with multiple pressure-deformable membranes.
Accordingly, it is a principal object of the invention to provide a highly portable, multi-function, multi-purpose apparatus and fabrication methods thereof, which is typically (but optionally) configured for use as a parabolic reflector to focus electromagnetic energy from radio frequency radiation (RF) through ultraviolet radiation (UV) including solar radiation, but which can also be used for numerous other electromagnetic and non-electromagnetic utilities. Regarding the multi-functional nature of this invention, specific (but optional) objects and advantages of this invention are:
(a) to provide a highly portable multifunction apparatus for concentrating broad-spectrum (i.e., solar) radiation for cooking, heating, sterilizing, distilling, material processing, and for other purposes requiring or benefiting from the application of radiant heat, which may optionally utilize various accoutrements specially configured for absorbing concentrated solar radiation including, for example, a solar oven or autoclave having a high-emissivity (generally blackened) energy-absorbing external surface;
(b) to provide a portable multifunction apparatus for generating electrical power utilizing turboelectric, thermoelectric, and/or photoelectric devices;
(c) to provide a portable multifunction apparatus which can be utilized to concentrate light radiating from a relatively dim source, such as a street lamp, to operate (or recharge) an otherwise inoperable, low-powered, photovoltaic device, such as a handheld calculator;
(d) to provide a portable multifunction apparatus which can be used for enhancing or enabling radio, microwave, and satellite communications as well as enabling radio-telescopy;
(e) to provide a portable multifunction apparatus for enhancing vision in darkened environments by concentrating visible light radiating from a dim source, such as a crescent moon, onto an object to be viewed;
(f) to provide a portable multifunction apparatus for enhancing vision in darkened environments by projecting light from non-collimated sources, such as a candle, into dark environments;
(g) to provide a highly portable multifunction apparatus for enabling or enhancing optical signal communications, such as when used with a non-collimated light source held at the focal point to form a signal beacon;
(h) to provide a portable multifunction apparatus employing a waveguide system to capture and deliver pan-chromatic visible light (or other useful spectral range of radiation) to interior, subterranean, and/or underwater environments to enhance vision, or to operate equipment such as an optical image projector;
(i) to provide a portable multifunction apparatus which can serve as a multi-layer emergency thermal blanket as well as an electrostatic and electromagnetic energy shield to protect a person or object, but which also allows a person or object to hide from an infrared (IR) camera or otherwise be shielded from an electromagnetic imaging or detection device;
(j) to provide a portable multifunction apparatus which can serve as a soft, compliant support for persons or objects, including use as a gurney or inflatable cast;
(k) to provide a portable multifunction apparatus which can be used as a water flotation device, boat, or snow sled;
(l) to provide a portable multifunction apparatus which can be used to capture, store, process, and/or distribute water, other liquids, and/or certain solid materials, for which various accoutrements (such as catchment rings, gutters, funnels, filters, tubes, valves, pumps, and the like) can be either integrally or removably incorporated into the apparatus;
(m) to provide a portable multifunction apparatus incorporating a high-emissivity surface (e.g., matte black) which can be used to collect water at night by condensation processes;
(n) to provide a portable multifunction apparatus which can be used a fermentor, which in conjunction with the distillation function noted above, allows the apparatus to produce high grade spirits for fuel, medical and other purposes;
(o) to provide a portable multifunction apparatus for the directional amplification of sound, and/or
(p) to provide a portable multifunction apparatus optionally incorporating one or more pressure-deformable, planar, reflective membranes to allow the device to have a variable focal length.
Another typical (but optional) object of the invention is to provide a multifunction apparatus which is extremely lightweight, fully collapsible, and compactly foldable so as to greatly facilitate portage and storage, thereby providing a high-performance apparatus which is ideally suited to camping, backpacking, picnicking, boating, emergency use, disaster relief, and other situations (terrestrial or space-based) for which high mass-specific and/or high volume-specific performance is critical. Regarding portage and storage, specific (but optional) objects of this invention are:
(a) to provide a multifunctional apparatus having a primary structure comprised entirely of very thin, high-strength membranes to minimize weight;
(b) to provide a multi-functional apparatus which is inflatable (rigidizable and otherwise fully deployable) by using pressurized gas, which generally need not be carried with the device;
(c) to provide a multi-functional apparatus which is fully collapsible and compactly foldable when not in use to minimize volume;
(d) to provide a multi-functional apparatus which due to its extremely low weight and stored (non-deployed) volume yields very high mass-specific and volume-specific performance approximating 8000 watts per kilogram and 10 megawatts per cubic meter, respectively, when used terrestrially as a broad-spectrum solar concentrator, and/or
(e) to provide a multifunctional device with extremely lightweight and compact inflation valves made from membranous material and including a “zip-loc”® (i.e., tongue-and-groove), clamped or tied, or self-sealing type closure mechanisms.
Still another typical (but optional) object of the invention is to provide a multifunctional apparatus which is safer to operate, transport, and store. Regarding safety, specific (but optional) objects of this invention are:
(a) to provide a portable multifunctional apparatus having an integral safety cage which forms a physical barrier around the focal point, thereby preventing accidental exposure to potentially dangerous concentrations of electromagnetic radiation;
(b) to provide a portable multifunctional apparatus having an integral safety cover to block radiation from striking the reflective membranes when the device is not in use, thereby preventing the formation of—and thus the risk of accidental exposure to—potentially dangerous concentrations of electromagnetic radiation at the focal point;
(c) to provide a portable multifunctional apparatus having an integral reflector wrinkling mechanism for distorting the reflective membranes when not fully deployed (pressurized), thereby once again preventing the formation of any unintentional, potentially dangerous concentrations of electromagnetic energy;
(d) to provide a portable multifunctional apparatus having pre-formed parabolic reflective membranes, which limit the device to short focal lengths, thereby enhancing safety by giving the operator greater control of the location of the highly concentrated energy at the focal point; and/or
(e) to provide a portable multifunctional apparatus having a pre-formed, non-parabolic reflective membranes to limit the degree of energy concentration to safer levels.
Yet another typical (but optional) object of the invention is to provide a portable multifunctional apparatus that is easier to deploy and operate. Regarding ease of use, specific (but optional) objects of this invention are:
(a) to provide an apparatus having various integral securing and storage features such as handles, apertured tabs, ties, weighting and storage pouches (especially those which are lightweight, compact, and can be made from extensions of the membranes out of which the device is composed);
(b) to provide an apparatus having various integral accessory hardware attachment devices such as clevises, clips, brackets, sockets, hook-and-loop patches, and other common fastening mechanisms;
(c) to provide an apparatus having a lightweight, portable mechanism for supporting and orienting the device, for example, an inflatable, adjustable dipody support, a stack of inflatable tapered support/leveling rings, or an inflatable hemispherical mounting element with a separate optional inflatable (floating) support ring;
(d) to provide an apparatus having lightweight, portable mechanisms for holding various items and/or accoutrements at or near the focal point including a collapsible, multipurpose rotisserie/kettle support, a collapsible multi-leg focal point support, and/or an inflatable focal point support;
(e) to provide an apparatus having pre-formed pressure deformable reflective membranes, which can be fully deployed using significantly lower differential pressures across the membranes than devices employing planar reflective membranes, thus facilitating proper inflation;
(f) to provide an apparatus having integral orientation and alignment features, such as a visual alignment guide, inclinometer, level, and/or magnetic compass, to facilitate alignment with an electromagnetic source and/or target, or for orienting the device for other purposes;
(g) to provide an apparatus having a light/heat intensity controller such as a louver or iris mechanism which is manually or automatically controlled; and/or
(h) to provide an apparatus having various integrally or separately attached electronic and/or mechanical elements to facilitate various applications including but not limited to photovoltaic cells, electric pumps, fans, drivers, timers, thermostats, controllers, and other useful devices.
Still another typical (but optional) object of the invention is to provide a portable multifunctional apparatus that is more efficient, wherein two pressure deformable membranes are utilized to form a sub-ambient concave-concave reflector chamber configuration, thereby eliminating the plurality of losses inherent in devices employing a super-ambient reflector chamber for which light must pass though a transparent membrane at least once on its way to or from the focal point.
Yet another typical (but optional) object of the invention is to provide a portable multifunctional apparatus which is highly economical by virtue of its extremely simple, highly integrated construction, and which can thus be made universally available for both routine use as well as educational purposes. Regarding economy, specific (but optional) objects of this invention are:
(a) to provide an apparatus (first and second main embodiment) made from a plurality (generally four or more) of sheets of thin, high-strength, high-elastic-modulus (preferably) material using a flat pattern fabrication method that greatly simplifies manufacturing tooling and processing, thereby reducing fabrication cost; and/or
(b) to provide an apparatus (second embodiment) which can be fabricated from as few as two thin sheets of high-strength, commercially available materials using simple, well-established manufacturing processes.
Still another typical (but optional) object of the invention is to provide a portable multifunctional apparatus that is highly drop-tolerant or otherwise damage-tolerant. Regarding drop/damage tolerance, specific (but optional) objects of this invention are:
(a) to provide an apparatus having one or more redundant reflector chambers such that if one reflector chamber is damaged, the device is still operable; and/or
(b) to provide an apparatus constructed primarily of highly flexible materials such that the apparatus can be dropped intentionally (e.g., air dropped) or unintentionally (i.e., accidentally) yet sustain no appreciable damage.
Yet another typical (but optional) object of the invention is to provide a portable multifunctional apparatus that is environmentally friendly by virtue of the fact that the apparatus requires no fuel to operate. Instead, the instant invention typically relies solely on radiating solar energy, thereby causing no air, water, or ground pollution, which is in stark contrast to other common portable cooking and heating equipment that generally rely on the combustion of hydrocarbon fuels and thus inherently cause pollution through both combustion processes and fuel spills.
It is a further object of the invention to provide improved elements and arrangements thereof for the purposes described which is inexpensive, dependable and fully effective in accomplishing its intended purposes.
These and other objects of the present invention will become readily apparent upon further review of the following specification and drawings.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
The basic device, in its preferred embodiments, is a radiant electromagnetic energy concentrating, focusing, and beaming type apparatus which manipulates radiant energy through the implementation of at least two pressure deformable membranes, at least one of which must be reflective, supported by an inflated toroid or ring. The device is effective over a wide range of the electromagnetic spectrum from radio frequency (RF) through the ultraviolet (UV). It should be noted that this highly multifunctional device is also amenable to numerous non-electromagnetic applications.
A first preferred main embodiment of the basic device illustrated in
In
The reflective membranes 14 and 16 are pre-formed (during fabrication) into the shape of a paraboloid to provide a short focal length for safety purposes, and to reduce the differential pressure required to fully deform and smooth the reflective membranes 14 and 16. However, as shown below, the invention can be practiced using planar (non-pre-formed) membranes to yield a device capable of providing a variable focal length as a function of the differential pressure imposed across the reflective membranes 14 and 16.
The reflective membranes 14 and 16 in conjunction with the inner portion of the toroidal support structure provide a reflector chamber 20 with a double parabolic concave-concave reflector configuration. Seams 22 are shown for forming the toroid 12 as one example of forming the toroid. The membranes 14, 16 are adhesively or heat bonded to the toroid 12. Alternatively, as shown below, a reflective membrane and the toroid elements can be one-piece on each side. The membranes 14, 16 are made, for example, from Mylar®, a polyethylene terephthalate plastic composition. Reflective surfaces 24 are provided by coating the outer side of the membranes 14, 16 with vapor deposited aluminum and the like reflective material. The plastic reflective membranes can have reflective particles homogeneously incorporated or can contain an integral conductive wire or mesh.
The toroid 12 is made from thin sheets of a high-strain-capable material (i.e. a material having high strength and low elastic modulus) such as vinyl, which is necessary for allowing the inner potion of a toroid fabricated from flat annular sheets to strain (stretch) sufficiently so as not to impede full inflation of the toroid ring structure.
As seen depicted in
The major diameter of the collection ring 90 can be enlarged to increase the effective capture area. In the event it is necessary to increase the external volume of the apparatus for liquid collecting (or any other purpose described in the instant application, such as supporting an item at the focal point on a rod diametrically spanning the ring 90), additional collection rings 90 may be attached to the device to increase the height of the walls. In the event it is necessary to increase the internal volume of the apparatus for liquid storage, additional toroid support structure rings 12 may be incorporated into the device between the reflective membranes 14, 16.
It is also noted that other methods of support include resting the hemispherical mounting in a ground depression, such as that which may be dug in sand, or a plurality of tapered support rings used to incline the device for proper orientation to a source and/or target. The support rings may also serve a leveling function when the device is resting on an inclined surface or hill.
The device can also be used as a solar autoclave apparatus or a fermentor apparatus. In the former use, the device can be used to sterilize medical, dental, or other equipment. As a fermentor, shown in
A second species 298 comprises an inflated structure similar to the first species in an arrangement of four or six sheets formed from a flat pattern, as illustrated in
In the third species 306 shown in
FIGS. 48A-D depict a fourth species in a fully or partially pre-formed state utilizing only four sheets for all the sub-species.
Thus, the extensive applicability of the fundamental multi-purpose, multi-function apparatus as optimized for use as a radiant electromagnetic energy concentrating, focusing, and beaming apparatus has been disclosed.
Claims
1. A multi-function, multi-purpose apparatus for use as a radiant electromagnetic energy concentrating, focusing or beaming apparatus comprising:
- a ring, said ring being tubular and inflatable, said ring defining a vacant circular center;
- a first inflation valve disposed in said ring for inflating said ring;
- at least two pressure-deformable membranes extending across the center of said ring, said membranes and said ring defining at least one inflatable reflector chamber, at least one of said membranes having a second inflation valve extending therethrough for inflating said reflector chamber.
2. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein each said valve is a flexible tube closed by a closure means selected from the group consisting of a plug, a flexible tongue-and-groove valve, a clamp, and a tie.
3. The apparatus according to claim 1, further comprising at least one accessory device attached to said apparatus, the accessory device being selected from the group consisting of:
- one or more handles;
- an apertured tab;
- one or more tying straps;
- a storage pouch for storing the deflated and folded apparatus; and
- one or more pouches.
4. The apparatus according to claim 1, further comprising at least one fastener device attached to said apparatus, the fastener device being selected from the group consisting of a clevis, a clip, a bracket, a mounting stud, a line, and hook-and-loop fastening patches.
5. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein one of said pressure-deformable membranes includes a socket for receiving accessory equipment.
6. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the plurality of pressure-deformable membranes are two reflective membranes defining a sub-ambient pressurized reflector chamber.
7. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein said ring has at least one access port and each of said membranes have at least one port for filling the apparatus with material.
8. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein one of said membranes has a centered port for collecting rain.
9. The apparatus according to claim 8, wherein said centered port is a funnel having a conduit inserted in a collection container.
10. The apparatus according to claim 1, further including one or more additional rings attached to and above said ring support.
11. The apparatus according to claim 1, further including a gutter attached to said ring, said gutter having a drain conduit for collecting liquids.
12. The apparatus according to claim 1, further comprising one or more elastic bands attached to a surface of at least one of said membranes to cause wrinkling as a safety feature.
13. The apparatus according to claim 1, further including a cover attached to at least one point of said apparatus, said cover being retractable.
14. The apparatus according to claim 1, further comprising patches having cross-hairs positioned for aiming and alignment.
15. The apparatus according to claim 1, further including:
- a hemispherical hollow support for supporting said ring.
16. The apparatus according to claim 1, further including a support having one or more inflatable linear tubes supporting said apparatus.
17. The apparatus according to claim 1, further including a support attached to said ring and having hooks or ridges for supporting a kettle or a rotisserie rod.
18. The apparatus according to claim 1, further including a safety cage attached to said ring, said safety cage including a foldable framework.
19. The apparatus according to claim 1, further including a wire truss.
20. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein said ring and said membranes are formed from a flat pattern of at least four sheets.
21. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the at least two membranes include at least one reflective membrane and at least one transparent membrane defining a super-ambient pressurized reflector chamber.
22. The apparatus according to claim 21, wherein each said valve is a flexible tube closed by a closure means selected from the group consisting of a plug, a flexible tongue-and-groove valve, a clamp, and a tie.
23. The apparatus according to claim 21, further comprising at least one accessory device attached to said ring, the accessory device being selected from the group consisting of:
- one or more handles;
- an apertured tab;
- one or more tying straps;
- a storage pouch; and
- one or more pouches for filling with dense material to stabilize the apparatus.
24. The apparatus according to claim 21, wherein the transparent membrane is positioned on top having a centered first valve, the reflective membrane is positioned below to form a convex-convex reflecting lens chamber, and the ring support has a second valve.
25. The apparatus according to claim 24, wherein said ring is made of two preformed half-ring pieces and joined to the reflecting membrane and transparent membrane at a juncture of the joined half-ring pieces.
26. The apparatus according to claim 21, wherein an upper half of the apparatus is made from one transparent membrane and joined to a bottom half of one reflective membrane to form the reflector chamber and said ring support.
27. The apparatus according to claim 15, further including:
- a second support ring for supporting said hemispherical support.
28. An apparatus according to claim 1, wherein a reflective material is disposed on one or more of the pressure-deformable membranes.
29. An apparatus according to claim 1, further comprising at least one access port.
30. An apparatus comprising:
- a support element comprising a tubular, inflatable ring, wherein the ring includes a vacant center formed therein;
- a first inflation assembly disposed in the ring, wherein the first inflation assembly is operable to inflate the ring;
- a plurality of pressure-deformable membranes attached to the ring and extending across the vacant center, wherein the ring and the membranes define at least one inflatable reflector chamber;
- a second inflation assembly disposed to extend into the reflector chamber, wherein the second inflation assembly is operable to inflate the reflector chamber; and
- a reflective material is disposed on or in one or more of the plurality of membranes.
31. An apparatus as recited in claim 30, wherein one or more of the first inflation assembly and the second inflation assembly comprise a valve.
32. An apparatus as recited in claim 31, wherein the valve is selected from the group consisting of a tongue-and-groove device, a clamped or tied device, and a self-sealing closure mechanism.
33. An apparatus as recited in claim 31, wherein the ring and the vacant center each have a circular shape.
34. An apparatus as recited in claim 30, wherein the ring comprises four or six sheets bonded together to form a toroid.
35. An apparatus as recited in claim 34, wherein the sheets include two annular external sheets of high-strength, high-modulus material and two inner annular portions of low-elastic-modulus, high-strength material.
36. An apparatus as recited in claim 35, wherein the ring comprises four sheets bonded together and the pressure-deformable membranes form part of the toroid.
37. An apparatus as recited in claim 34, wherein the sheets include two annular external sheets of high-strength, high-modulus material and two inner annular portions of high-elastic-modulus, high-strength material.
38. An apparatus as recited in claim 34, wherein the ring comprises six sheets bonded together and the pressure-deformable membranes are bonded to the toroid.
39. An apparatus as recited in claim 30, wherein the pressure-deformable membranes overlap the ring and attach to the ring at a circumference of the ring.
40. An apparatus as recited in claim 30, wherein said apparatus includes two independent reflector chambers located in the interior of the vacant space.
41. An apparatus as recited in claim 30, wherein at least one of the reflective membranes is pre-formed into the shape of a paraboloid.
42. An apparatus as recited in claim 30, wherein at least one of the reflective membranes is pre-formed into the shape of a non-paraboloid.
43. An apparatus as recited in claim 30, wherein at least one of the reflective membranes is non-pre-formed and provides a variable focal length as a function of differential pressure imposed across the reflective membranes.
44. An apparatus as recited in claim 30, wherein the reflective material is a coating of reflective material disposed on one or more reflective membranes.
45. An apparatus as recited in claim 30, wherein the reflective material comprises reflective particles homogenously incorporated in said one or more reflective membranes.
46. An apparatus as recited in claim 30, wherein the reflective material comprises a conductive wire or mesh integrally contained in said one or more reflective membranes.
47. An apparatus as recited in claim 30, wherein the second valve assembly passes through the ring to enter the reflector chamber.
48. An apparatus as recited in claim 30, further comprising one or more second inflatable rings attached to the support element.
49. An apparatus as recited in claim 30, further comprising a first assembly holding an item at or near a focal point defined by the apparatus.
50. An apparatus as recited in claim 49, wherein the first assembly comprises a plurality of rods.
51. An apparatus as recited in claim 49, wherein the item is a vessel.
52. An apparatus as recited in claim 49, wherein the item is an electromagnetic radiation receiving device.
53. An apparatus as recited in claim 49, wherein the item is an apparatus for generating electrical power selected from the group consisting of a turboelectric device, a thermoelectric device and a photoelectric device.
54. An apparatus as recited in claim 49, wherein the item is a device projecting electromagnetic rays.
55. An apparatus as recited in claim 49, wherein the item is a waveguide intake device.
56. An apparatus as recited in claim 30, further comprising a liquid capturing apparatus comprising one or more accoutrements for capturing liquid.
57. An apparatus as recited in claim 56, further comprising a high emissivity surface for collecting water.
58. An apparatus as recited in claim 30, further comprising a pressure release valve disposed in one of the reflective membranes.
59. An apparatus as recited in claim 30, wherein the ring is formed from a flat pattern of at least two sheets.
60. An apparatus as recited in claim 59, wherein the pressure-deformable membranes are formed from an additional two sheets.
61. An apparatus as recited in claim 60, wherein at least one of the pressure-deformable membranes is preformed.
62. An apparatus as recited in claim 59, wherein each pressure-deformable membrane comprises a plurality of overlapping gores.
63. A multi-function, multi-purpose apparatus comprising:
- a support element comprising a tubular, inflatable ring, wherein the ring includes a vacant center formed therein;
- a first inflation means for inflating the ring connected to the ring;
- a plurality of pressure-deformable membranes attached to the ring and extending across the vacant center, wherein the ring and the membranes define at least one inflatable reflector chamber;
- a second inflation means for inflating the reflector chamber, wherein the second inflation means is disposed to extend into the reflector chamber; and
- a means for reflecting electromagnetic radiation disposed on or in one or more components selected from the group consisting of the ring and one or more of the plurality of membranes.
64. An auditory microphone comprising:
- a multi-purpose apparatus as recited in claim 30, wherein the multi-purpose apparatus defines a focal point; and
- a microphone is disposed at or near the focal point.
65. An electric power generating apparatus comprising:
- a multi-purpose apparatus as recited in claim 30; and
- a photovoltaic device or a thermoelectric device disposed to receive electromagnetic energy concentrated, focused or beamed from the multi-purpose apparatus.
66. A turboelectric apparatus comprising:
- a multi-purpose apparatus as recited in claim 30;
- a tank having a heating liquid medium disposed therein, wherein the tank is disposed to receive electromagnetic energy concentrated, focused or beamed from the multi-purpose apparatus; and
- a pipe connected to the tank for passing steam to a proximate turbine.
67. A method of concentrating, focusing, reflecting or beaming radiant electromagnetic energy, comprising the steps of:
- (a) providing a multi-function, multi-purpose apparatus for concentrating, focusing or beaming electromagnetic energy, the apparatus comprising: i. a support element comprising a tubular, inflatable ring, wherein the ring includes a vacant center formed therein; ii. a first inflation assembly disposed in the ring, wherein the first inflation assembly is operable to inflate the ring; iii. a plurality of pressure-deformable membranes attached to the ring and extending across the vacant center, wherein the ring and the membranes define at least one inflatable reflector chamber; iv. a second inflation assembly disposed to extend into the reflector chamber, wherein the second inflation assembly is operable to inflate the reflector chamber; and v. a reflective material disposed on or in one or more of the plurality of membranes, wherein the ring and the reflector chamber are each in an inflated state;
- (b) orienting the apparatus to receive electromagnetic radiation from a source of electromagnetic energy; and
- (c) concentrating and focusing electromagnetic radiation received from the source by reflecting the electromagnetic energy using the reflective material.
68. A method as recited in claim 67, wherein the electromagnetic radiation is concentrated and focused at a focal point.
69. A method as recited in claim 67, wherein the electromagnetic radiation is radiant energy from the sun, and the method further comprises the step of:
- (d) heating an object using the concentrated and focused electromagnetic radiation from the sun.
70. A method as recited in claim 67, wherein the source of electromagnetic radiation generates dangerous electromagnetic radiation, and the method further comprises the step of:
- (d) shielding an object by reflecting electromagnetic radiation generated by the source away from the object.
71. A method as recited in claim 67, wherein the source of electromagnetic radiation is a light source, the electromagnetic radiation is light, and the method further comprises the step of:
- (d) illuminating an object using concentrated and focused light generated by the light source.
72. A method as recited in claim 67, wherein the source of electromagnetic radiation is a transmitter transmitting electromagnetic radiation, and the method further comprises the step of:
- (d) enhancing a transmitted signal by concentrating and focusing electromagnetic radiation transmitted by the transmitter.
73. A method as recited in claim 67, wherein the electromagnetic radiation is solar radiation generated by the sun, and the method further comprises the step of:
- (d) energizing an object using concentrated and focused solar radiation, wherein the object is selected from the group consisting of a photovoltaic cell device and a thermoelectric cell device.
74. A portable field-deployable electromagnetic energy concentrating apparatus comprising:
- a support ring comprising at least one substantially tubular and inflatable ring, wherein the support ring defines a vacant center;
- at least one means for inflating the support ring;
- at least two pressure-deformable membranes extending across the vacant center, wherein the membranes define at least one substantially predetermined portion of at least one inflatable reflector chamber, and at least one of the pressure-deformable membranes has at least one means for reflecting radiant electromagnetic energy;
- at least one inflation means for inflating the reflector chamber; and
- at least one safety means for reducing the risk of accidental or unintentional exposure to concentrated electromagnetic radiation.
75. A method for reducing the risk of accidental or unintentional exposure to concentrated electromagnetic radiation while operating an electromagnetic energy concentrating apparatus, the method comprising the steps of:
- (a) deploying a portable field-deployable electromagnetic energy concentrating apparatus comprising: i. a support ring comprising at least one substantially tubular and inflatable ring, wherein the support ring defines a vacant center; ii. at least one means for inflating the support ring; iii. at least two pressure-deformable membranes extending across the vacant center, wherein the membranes define at least one substantially predetermined portion of at least one inflatable reflector chamber, and at least one of the pressure-deformable membranes has at least one means for reflecting radiant electromagnetic energy; iv. at least one inflation means for inflating the reflector chamber; and v. at least one safety means for reducing the risk of accidental or unintentional exposure to concentrated electromagnetic radiation, wherein the ring and the at least one reflector chamber of the deployed apparatus are inflated;
- (b) operating the deployed apparatus to concentrate radiant electromagnetic energy; and
- (c) limiting the concentration of radiant electromagnetic energy to a proximity to a substantially fixed focal point by using the at least one safety means, wherein the fixed focal point is defined by the apparatus.
Type: Application
Filed: Nov 30, 2004
Publication Date: May 19, 2005
Inventors: John Essig (Fairfax, VA), James Essig (Fairfax, VA)
Application Number: 10/998,998