Kinetic energy rod warhead with lower deployment angles
This invention features a kinetic energy rod warhead including a projectile core including a plurality of different size projectiles, an explosive charge about the core, and at least one detonator for the explosive charge.
This application is a Continuation-in-Part application of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 10/456,777, filed Jun. 6, 2003 which is a Continuation-in-Part of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 09/938,022 filed Aug. 23, 2001, issued on Jul. 29, 2003 as U.S. Pat. No. 6,598,534 B2.
FIELD OF THE INVENTIONThis invention relates to improvements in kinetic energy rod warheads.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTIONDestroying missiles, aircraft, re-entry vehicles and other targets falls into three primary classifications: “hit-to-kill” vehicles, blast fragmentation warheads, and kinetic energy rod warheads.
“Hit-to-kill” vehicles are typically launched into a position proximate a re-entry vehicle or other target via a missile such as the Patriot, THAAD or a standard Block IV missile. The kill vehicle is navigable and designed to strike the re-entry vehicle to render it inoperable. Countermeasures, however, can be used to avoid the “hit-to-kill” vehicle. Moreover, biological warfare bomblets and chemical warfare submunition payloads are carried by some threats and one or more of these bomblets or chemical submunition payloads can survive and cause heavy casualties even if the “hit-to-kill” vehicle accurately strikes the target.
Blast fragmentation type warheads are designed to be carried by existing missiles. Blast fragmentation type warheads, unlike “hit-to-kill” vehicles, are not navigable. Instead, when the missile carrier reaches a position close to an enemy missile or other target, a pre-made band of metal on the warhead is detonated and the pieces of metal are accelerated with high velocity and strike the target. The fragments, however, are not always effective at destroying the target and, again, biological bomblets and/or chemical submunition payloads survive and cause heavy casualties.
The textbook by the inventor hereof, R. Lloyd, “Conventional Warhead Systems Physics and Engineering Design,” Progress in Astronautics and Aeronautics (AlAA) Book Series, Vol. 179, ISBN 1-56347-255-4, 1998, incorporated herein by this reference, provides additional details concerning “hit-to-kill” vehicles and blast fragmentation type warheads. Chapter 5 of that textbook, proposes a kinetic energy rod warhead.
The two primary advantages of a kinetic energy rod warheads is that 1) it does not rely on precise navigation as is the case with “hit-to-kill” vehicles and 2) it provides better penetration then blast fragmentation type warheads.
To date, however, kinetic energy rod warheads have not been widely accepted nor have they yet been deployed or fully designed. The primary components associated with a theoretical kinetic energy rod warhead is a hull, a projectile core or bay in the hull including a number of individual lengthy cylindrical projectiles, and an explosive charge in the hull about the projectile bay with sympthic explosive shields. When the explosive charge is detonated, the projectiles are deployed.
The cylindrical shaped projectiles, however, may tend to break and/or tumble in their deployment. Still other projectiles may approach the target at such a high oblique angle that they do not effectively penetrate the target. See “Aligned Rod Lethality Enhanced Concept for Kill Vehicles,” R. Lloyd “Aligned Rod Lethality Enhancement Concept For Kill Vehicles” 10th AIAA/BMDD TECHNOLOGY CONF., Jul. 23-26, Williamsburg, Va., 2001 incorporated herein by this reference.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTIONIt is therefore an object of this invention to provide an improved kinetic energy rod warhead.
It is a further object of this invention to provide a higher lethality kinetic energy rod warhead.
It is a further object of this invention to provide a kinetic energy rod warhead with structure therein which aligns the projectiles when they are deployed.
It is a further object of this invention to provide such a kinetic energy rod warhead which is capable of selectively directing the projectiles at a target.
It is a further object of this invention to provide such a kinetic energy rod warhead which prevents the projectiles from breaking when they are deployed.
It is a further object of this invention to provide such a kinetic energy rod warhead which prevents the projectiles from tumbling when they are deployed.
It is a further object of this invention to provide such a kinetic energy rod warhead which insures the projectiles approach the target at a better penetration angle.
It is a further object of this invention to provide such a kinetic energy rod warhead which can be deployed as part of a missile or as part of a “hit-to-kill” vehicle.
It is a further object of this invention to provide such a kinetic energy rod warhead with projectile shapes which have a better chance of penetrating a target.
It is a further object of this invention to provide such a kinetic energy rod warhead with projectile shapes which can be packed more densely.
It is a further object of this invention to provide such a kinetic energy rod warhead which has a better chance of destroying all of the bomblets and chemical submunition payloads of a target to thereby better prevent casualties.
It is a further object of this invention to provide such a kinetic energy rod warhead which improves lethality against ballistic missiles having submunition or bomblet payloads.
This invention results from the realization that a higher lethality kinetic energy rod warhead which provides for high lethality of ballistic missiles having either submunition or bomblet payloads can be achieved by including a plurality of different size projectiles that are effective against destroying both submunition and bomblet payloads.
This invention features a kinetic energy rod warhead including a projectile core including a plurality of different size projectiles, an explosive charge about the core, and at least one detonator for the explosive charge.
In one embodiment, the plurality of different size projectiles may include a larger number of small projectiles and a smaller number of large projectiles. The number of smaller projectiles may be chosen to increase lethality against submunition payloads. The number of larger projectiles may be chosen to increase lethality against bomblet payloads. The number of smaller projectiles may be chosen to increase the spray pattern density of the projectiles. The number of larger projectiles may be chosen to decrease the spray pattern density of the projectiles. The smaller projectiles may be located proximate an outer region of the core and the larger projectiles are located proximate the center region of the core. The plurality of different size projectiles may include about seventy percent smaller projectiles and about thirty percent larger projectiles. The mass of each large projectile may be greater than the mass of each of small projectile. All the projectiles may have a cruciform cross section. The large and small projectiles may be tightly packed in the core with minimal air spacing therebetween. All the projectiles may be made of tungsten. Each of the small projectiles may weigh less than about 50 grams. Each of the small projectiles may weigh approximately 28 grams. The projectiles may have a hexagon shape, a cylindrical cross section, a non-cylindrical cross section, a star shape cross section, flat ends, a non-flat nose, a pointed nose, or a wedge-shape. The projectiles may be cube shaped or have a three-dimensional tetris shape.
This invention also features a kinetic energy rod warhead including a projectile core including a large number of smaller projectiles and a small number of larger projectiles, an explosive charge about the core, and at least one detonator for the explosive charge.
This invention further features a kinetic energy rod warhead including a projectile core including a large number of smaller projectiles for increasing the lethality against submunition payloads and a small number of larger projectiles for increasing lethality against bomblet payloads, an explosive charge about the core, and at least one detonator for the explosive charge.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGSOther objects, features and advantages will occur to those skilled in the art from the following description of a preferred embodiment and the accompanying drawings, in which:
As discussed in the Background section above, “hit-to-kill” vehicles are typically launched into a position proximate a re-entry vehicle 10,
Turning to
The textbook by the inventor hereof, R. Lloyd, “Conventional Warhead Systems Physics and Engineering Design,” Progress in Astronautics and Aeronautics (AIAA) Book Series, Vol.179, ISBN 1-56347-255-4, 1998, incorporated herein by this reference, provides additional details concerning “hit-to-kill” vehicles and blast fragmentation type warheads. Chapter 5 of that textbook, proposes a kinetic energy rod warhead.
In general, a kinetic energy rod warhead, in accordance with this invention, can be added to kill vehicle 14,
Two key advantages of kinetic energy rod warheads as theorized is that 1) they do not rely on precise navigation as is the case with “hit-to-kill” vehicles and 2) they provide better penetration then blast fragmentation type warheads.
To date, however, kinetic energy rod warheads have not been widely accepted nor have they yet been deployed or fully designed. The primary components associated with a theoretical kinetic energy rod warhead 60,
Note, however, that in
In this invention, the kinetic energy rod warhead includes, inter alia, means for aligning the individual projectiles when the explosive charge is detonated and deploys the projectiles to prevent them from tumbling and to insure the projectiles approach the target at a better penetration angle.
In one example, the means for aligning the individual projectiles include a plurality of detonators 100,
As shown in
By using a plurality of detonators 100 spaced along the length of explosive charge 108, a sweeping shock wave is prevented and the individual projectiles 100 do not tumble as shown at 122.
In another example, the means for aligning the individual projectiles includes low density material (e.g., foam) body 140,
In one embodiment, foam body 140,
In still another example, the means for aligning the individual projectiles to prevent tumbling thereof includes flux compression generators 160 and 162,
As shown in
In
In addition, the structure shown in
Typically, the hull portion referred to in
Thus far, the explosive charge is shown disposed about the outside of the projectile or rod core. In another example, however, explosive charge 230,
Thus far, the rods and projectiles disclosed herein have been shown as lengthy cylindrical members made of tungsten, for example, and having opposing flat ends. In another example, however, the rods have a non-cylindrical cross section and non-flat noses. As shown in
Typically, the preferred projectiles do not have a cylindrical cross section and instead may have a star-shaped cross section, a cruciform cross section, or the like. Also, the projectiles may have a pointed nose or at least a non-flat nose such as a wedge-shaped nose. Projectile 240,
Thus far, it is assumed there is only one set of projectiles. In another example, however, the projectile core is divided into a plurality of bays 300 and 302,
In one test example, the projectile core included three bays 400, 402 and 404,
Next, explosive charge sections 412, 414, 416 and 418,
Top end plate 431,
To reduce the deployment angles of the projectiles when the detonators detonate the explosive charge sections thereby providing a tighter spray pattern useful for higher lethality in certain cases, several additional structures were added in the modified warhead of
One means for reducing the deployment angles of projectiles 406 is the addition of buffer 500 between the explosive charge sections and the core. Buffer 500 is preferably a thin layer of poly foam {fraction (1/2)} inch thick which also preferably extends beyond the core to plates 430 and 412. Buffer 500 reduces the edge effects of the explosive shock waves during deployment so that no individual rod experiences any edge effects.
Another means for reducing the deployment angles of the rods is the addition of poly foam buffer disks 510 also shown in
Momentum traps 520 and 522 are preferably a thin layer of glass applied to the outer surface of each end plate 410 and 430. Also, thin aluminum absorbing layers 530 and 532 between each end plate and the core help to absorb edge effects and thus constitute a further means for tightening the spray pattern of the rods.
In some examples, selected rods 406a, 406b, 406c, and 406d extend continuously through all the bays to help focus the remaining rods and to reduce the angle of deployment of all the rods. Another idea is to add an encapsulant 540, which fills the voids between the rods 406,
Another idea is to use rod 406e,
The result with all, a select few, or even just one of these exemplary structural means for reducing the deployment angles of the rods or projectiles when the detonator(s) detonate the explosive charge sections is a tighter, more focused rod spray pattern. Also, the means for aligning the projectiles discussed above with reference to
In one preferred embodiment, the kinetic energy rod warhead of this invention includes a plurality of different size projectiles which are effective against ballistic missiles having submunition or bomblet payloads. The different size projectiles typically include a large number of small projectiles which are effective against destroying submunition payloads and a small number of larger, typically heavier projectiles which are effective against destroying bomblet payloads.
For example, kinetic energy rod warhead 600,
Typically, smaller projectiles 606 are located proximate outer region 802 of core 602 while the larger projectiles 608 are located proximate the center region 804 of core 602.
In one design, the projectiles include about 70% smaller projectiles 606 and about 30% larger projectiles 608. The mass of each of the large projectiles 608 is typically greater than the mass of each of the small projectiles 606. In one example, the mass of each small projectiles 606 in core 602 is about 28 grams and the mass of each of the large projectiles 608 is about 114 grams. The plurality of different size projectiles may be made of tungsten or similar materials.
A simulation showing that a larger number of smaller projectiles is more effective against a ballistic missile having a submunition payload is shown in
Because kinetic energy rod warhead 600,
As discussed above, the different size rods ideally have a cruciform cross section. The cruciform shaped rods provide for tight packing of the projectiles within core 602 with minimal air space therebetween. Tight packing of the cruciform cross-sectional shaped projectiles provides for a larger number of projectiles to be packed within core 602 than cylindrical shaped rods. For example, as shown in
As discussed above, the preferred projectiles do not have a cylindrical cross-section and instead have cruciform cross-section. Also, the projectiles may have a pointed nose or at least a non-flat nose such as a wedge-shaped nose. Projectile 240,
Although specific features of the invention are shown in some drawings and not in others, this is for convenience only as each feature may be combined with any or all of the other features in accordance with the invention. The words “including”, “comprising”, “having”, and “with” as used herein are to be interpreted broadly and comprehensively and are not limited to any physical interconnection. Moreover, any embodiments disclosed in the subject application are not to be taken as the only possible embodiments.
Other embodiments will occur to those skilled in the art and are within the following claims:
Claims
1. A kinetic energy rod warhead comprising:
- a projectile core including a plurality of different size projectiles;
- an explosive charge about the core; and
- at least one detonator for the explosive charge.
2. The kinetic energy rod warhead of claim 1 in which the plurality of different size projectiles includes a larger number of small projectiles and a smaller number of large projectiles.
3. The kinetic energy rod warhead of claim 2 in which the number of smaller projectiles is chosen to increase lethality against submunition payloads.
4. The kinetic energy rod warhead of claim 2 in which the number of larger projectiles is chosen to increase lethality against bomblet payloads.
5. The kinetic energy rod warhead of claim 2 in which the number of smaller projectiles is chosen to increase the spray pattern density of the projectiles.
6. The kinetic energy rod warhead of claim 3 in which the number of larger projectiles is chosen to decrease the spray pattern density of the projectiles.
7. The kinetic energy rod warhead of claim 2 in which the smaller projectiles are located proximate an outer region of the core and the larger projectiles are located proximate the center region of the core.
8. The kinetic energy rod warhead of claim 2 in which the plurality of different size projectiles includes about seventy percent smaller projectiles and about thirty percent larger projectiles.
9. The kinetic energy rod warhead of claim 2 in which the mass of each large projectile is greater than the mass of each of small projectile.
10. The kinetic energy rod warhead of claim 2 in which all the projectiles have a cruciform cross section.
11. The kinetic energy rod warhead of claim 10 in which the large and small projectiles are tightly packed in the core with minimal air spacing therebetween.
12. The kinetic energy rod warhead of claim 1 in which the all the projectiles are made of tungsten.
13. The kinetic energy rod warhead of claim 10 in which each of the small projectiles weigh less than about 50 grams.
14. The kinetic energy rod warhead of claim 13 in which each of the small projectiles weigh approximately 28 grams.
15. The kinetic energy rod warhead of claim 1 in which the projectiles have a hexagon shape.
16. The kinetic energy rod warhead of claim 1 in which the projectiles have a cylindrical cross section.
17. The kinetic energy rod warhead of claim 1 in which the projectiles have a non-cylindrical cross section.
18. The kinetic energy rod warhead of claim 1 in which the projectiles have a star shape cross section.
19. The kinetic energy rod warhead of claim 1 in which the projectiles have flat ends.
20. The kinetic energy rod warhead of claim 1 in which the projectiles have a non-flat nose.
21. The kinetic energy rod warhead of claim 1 in which the projectiles have a pointed nose.
22. The kinetic energy rod warhead of claim 1 in which the projectiles have a wedge-shape.
23. The kinetic energy rod warhead of claim 1 in which the projectiles are cube shaped.
24. The kinetic energy rod warhead of claim 1 in which the projectiles have a three-dimensional tetris shape.
25. A kinetic energy rod warhead comprising:
- a projectile core including a large number of smaller projectiles and a small number of larger projectiles;
- an explosive charge about the core; and
- at least one detonator for the explosive charge.
26. A kinetic energy rod warhead comprising:
- a projectile core including a large number of smaller projectiles for increasing the lethality against submunition payloads and a small number of larger projectiles for increasing lethality against bomblet payloads;
- an explosive charge about the core; and
- at least one detonator for the explosive charge.
Type: Application
Filed: Sep 10, 2004
Publication Date: May 26, 2005
Inventor: Richard Lloyd (Melrose, MA)
Application Number: 10/938,355