Drive belt
A drive belt includes at least one continuous band and a number of cross elements having a transversely curved saddle surface of saddle radius for interacting with an inwardly oriented main face of the continuous band that at a first lateral side thereof adjacent a pillar part of the element connects to a concavely recessed surface part through a first convexely curved transition surface part. The drive belt features include that: a transverse width of the continuous band is larger than that of the saddle surface; the saddle radius is essentially constant throughout the transverse width of the saddle surface; the saddle radius is smaller than a band radius of a transverse curvature of the band in an unloaded state thereof, irrespective of an amount of bending in the longitudinal direction of the band; and the first transition surface part forms a relatively sharp edge.
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The present invention relates to a drive belt for a transmission realising a continuously variable transmission ratio according to the preamble of claim 1.
Drive belts of the present type are generally known through their application in continuously variable transmissions and typically also from EP-A-1111271 in the name of Applicant. The belts comprise one or two tensile means, typically in the form of a set of nested continuous metal bands. Currently applied and tested continuous bands that are intended for belts with two separate tensile means have a transverse width ranging from 8 to 15 millimetres, a radial thickness ranging from of 0.10 to 0.30 millimetres and a longitudinal circumference length ranging from 210 to 700 millimetres. These ranges typify the automotive application of the drive belt. The known drive belt is adopted in the continuously variable transmission, where it runs between the frusto-conical sheaves of a pair of adjustable pulleys, whereby the pulley sheaves exert a clamping force on cross elements of the belt. This clamping force, on the one hand, enables torque transmission through friction between the pulley sheaves of the pulleys and the drive belt and, on the other hand, urges the cross elements radially outward with respect to the rotational axle of the pulleys. The actual radially outward movement of the cross elements is limited by the tensile means. The tensile means and the continuous bands thereof are thereby put under tension via a normal force between a radially outwardly oriented contact-face of the cross elements and the innermost continuous band or bands as seen in radial direction of the set or sets of nested continuous bands, i.e. the tensile means. Hereby, torque transfer by the cross elements pushing each other from one pulley to the other without drive belt buckling is enabled.
The transmission ratio of the transmission is determined by the quotient of running radii of the drive belt between the sheaves of the respective pulleys and can be varied from a minimum transmission ratio, wherein the running radius of a drive belt at a drive pulley is maximal and that in a driven pulley is minimal—the so-called Overdrive ratio—, via a medium transmission ratio, wherein both said running radii are virtually equal, to a maximum transmission ratio, wherein the running radius in the drive pulley is minimal and that in the driven pulley is maximal—the so-called Low ratio—and vice versa.
Usually, at least the continuous bands of the belt are of metal to reliably cope with the relatively high torque levels that occur in automotive applications of the transmission. Usually also, the separate cross elements of the drive belt are of metal and are shaped and dimensioned essentially mutually conforming. Because of its nature of use, the known drive belt is during operation subjected to extreme contact, bending en tensile stresses that, for instance, vary in height with the amount of bending in its longitudinal direction, i.e. proportional to the inverse value of the running radius, as well as with the mechanical power transmitted by the transmission. For this reason, avoidance of breakage of a drive belt during the service life of the transmission or the vehicle wherein it is to be applied, e.g. because of fatiguing and/or wear, is a main point of consideration in drive belt design.
In the German patent DE-A-2643528 it was recognised that abrasive contact between a transversely oriented lateral side face of the continuous bands and the pulleys or the cross elements, more in particular a pillar part of said elements, is likely to results in excessive wear and early breakage of a continuous band. To avoid the said contact, the said contact face of cross elements, which is known as the element's saddle surface and which is intended for interaction with the innermost continuous band of a tensile means, is provided with a convex transverse curvature in a direction perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the belt. This transverse curvature of the saddle surface of the cross elements is intended to obtain a tensile means tracking effect through which a desired mutual orientation of the tensile means and the and cross elements is maintained, at least promoted, during operation and the said abrasive contact between a is avoided to a large extend.
It appeared in practice that even in cases where the drive belt was constructed to incorporate this known feature early failure of the belt could sometimes still be observed. Analysis of this problem revealed that it was, at least in some cases, caused by a fatigue crack originating from near the lateral sides of the innermost continuous band. This implies that during operation this band is subjected to a transverse bending, i.e. bending of the band in a direction transverse to the longitudinal or circumference direction thereof, causing relatively high contact stresses to occur in particular near the lateral sides of the continuous band.
Over the years, several manners for reducing these contact stresses have been tried that predominantly related to optimising the transverse curvature of the saddle surface in this respect. For example, it is known from the Japanese patent publication JP 2002-168305, in conformity with long standing practice by Applicant, to increase the transverse curvature of the saddle surface from a central position thereon to the respective lateral sides thereof, either smoothly by providing it with an elliptical shape or by dividing the saddle surface into several sections defined by their respective radius of curvature. Typically, such shapes include a central section of the saddle surface being defined by a relatively large radius of curvature and a lateral side section included on either side of the central section being defined by a considerably smaller radius of curvature. Furthermore, it is known to provide transition surface parts of the element that link up with the saddle surface's lateral sides with a convex curvature of relatively large radius, albeit smaller than the radii of curvature defining the saddle surface itself. With these measures it is aimed to provide a solution for raising the service life of the belt, by preventing an adverse contact between the lateral sides of the innermost continuous band and any sharply curved edge part of the cross element, while maintaining the known tracking effect.
In the first mentioned European patent application EP-A-1111271 also a so-called anticlastic bending effect is taken into account. More in particular, it was recognised that a transverse curvature of the continuous band varies with an amount of bending in the longitudinal direction thereof, i.e. with the running radius thereof. According to this document the convex curvature of the saddle surface should be larger, i.e. its radius of curvature smaller, than that of the innermost continuous band at least where it is bent in the longitudinal direction at the said minimal running radius. Again it is aimed to lower the contact stresses between the cross elements and the innermost band, while maintaining the tracking effect.
According to the invention it was surprisingly found that, by the known efforts to reduce the said contact stresses, the total stress loading of the innermost band may in some cases even be adversely affected. It is, therefore, an object of the current invention to provide for an improvement in the load carrying capacity of the drive belt by lowering the total stress loading thereof, i.e. including not only the said contact stresses, but also bending stresses due to the longitudinal and the transverse bending thereof.
In accordance with the invention, such aim may be achieved by a drive belt according to the characterising portion of claim 1. With the claimed measures a preferred contact between the innermost band of the tensile means and the saddle surface of the cross elements is realised, wherein the total stress loading of in particular the innermost band is minimised. More in particular, by the measures of the radius of curvature of the saddle surface being essentially constant throughout its axial or transverse width and at least the first transition surface part forming a relatively sharp edge between the saddle surface and the concavely recessed part adjacent the pillar part, the axial width of the saddle surface is maximised and a separation in the radial direction between the saddle surface and the innermost band is minimised. These effects favourably lower the amount of transverse bending of the innermost band required during operation, as well as the transverse bending stress as a result therefrom.
According to the invention and in contrast with common practice such advantageous lowering of the transverse bending stress more than offsets any adverse contact stresses that may occur at or near a lateral side of the innermost band when it engages the respective transition surface part, even in the circumstance where the band is wider than the saddle surface. This latter contact is, moreover, relieved in accordance with the invention by the third and final measure that the saddle radius is designed to be smaller than a band radius of a transverse curvature of the innermost band irrespective of an amount of bending in the longitudinal direction thereof during operation in the transmission. By this final measure it is ensured that under all circumstances a contact pressure between the saddle surface and the innermost band is smallest near its lateral sides, i.e. where it may engage the transition surface parts.
The present invention relies, inter alia, on a detailed stress analysis of the contact between the cross elements and the innermost band of the tensile means. This analysis showed that when during operation tensile stress is applied to the tensile means in a longitudinally bent section thereof, the innermost band thereof is forced into contact with the saddle surface, whereby it at least partly assumes the shape of the saddle surface in the transverse direction. When the saddle radius is smaller than the radius of the innermost band when it is not subjected to the tensile stress, i.e. the band radius, the plane of contact between the innermost band and the saddle surface extends in the lateral direction from a central or mid position towards either lateral side thereof, whereby the contact pressure decreases from such mid position towards the lateral sides along the plane of contact. Hereby an amount of transverse bending of the innermost band before it engages the saddle surface is determined by a local separation in the radial direction there between. The stress analysis underlying the present invention showed that minimising such radial separation significantly reduces the stress loading of the innermost band due to the reduced amount of transverse bending thereof and, more importantly, that this effect more than offsets any negative, i.e. stress raising, effect of the relatively sharp edge formed by the said first transition surface part. According to the analysis underlying the invention, the stresses associated with a contact between a transition surface part of the cross element adjacent to the saddle surface and a lateral side of the innermost band remain relatively small, due to the local contact pressure also being relatively small, if such contact would occur at all within the current design given the design requirements claimed. After all, the latter includes that the band radius should be larger than saddle radius.
Still, the tensile means of the known drive belt is usually provided with bands that are wider than the transverse width of the saddle surface, such that the lateral sides of the innermost band may in principle engage a transitional part of the cross element on either side of the saddle surface. Therefore, in an embodiment of the invention, the contact stress in the innermost band at the location of the first transition surface part may be limited by the further measure that a transverse width of the innermost band is less than 125% of the transverse width of the saddle surface, preferably less than 115%. Hereby the distance that the innermost band extends over such first transition surface part is limited. Such distance may be further limited by positioning a highest point on the saddle surface as seen in radial direction eccentric with respect transverse width of the saddle surface away from the said first transition surface part. This highest point works as the tracking centre for the above-mentioned tracking effect of the tensile means, thus urging the tensile means away from the first transition surface part of the cross element during operation.
Preferably, a radius of curvature of the first transition surface part is as small as possible such that the saddle surface may be as wide as possible. Hereby the smallest possible radius of curvature is normally determined by the particular manufacturing process of the cross elements. In case of the generally preferred process of blanking such minimum radius of curvature amounts to approximately 3 mm.
For the same reason and to the same effect, also a second transition surface part between the saddle surface and a predominantly transversely oriented side face of the cross element is preferably formed as a relatively sharp edge in accordance with the invention.
It is remarked that neither the innermost band nor the saddle surface will normally be arc-shaped to perfection, however, in the context of the present invention both may be approximated relatively accurately by an imaginary arc having the respectively defined radius of curvature.
The invention will now further be explained by way of examples given in the accompanying drawing wherein:
In
In
In this example the said transverse curvature of the saddle surface 31 is composed of three predominantly arc-shaped sections, being a central section of saddle radius Rs and two lateral side sections of somewhat smaller radius Rs′ provided on either side of the central section, thus providing a more or less elliptical shape of the saddle surface 31 overall as seen in a longitudinally oriented cross section. It is, however, also known in the art to form the saddle surface 31 by a single generally arc-shaped transverse curvature that is defined by a constant radius Rs.
Two transition surface parts 35, 36 are provided that each link up with a respective lateral side section of the saddle surface 31. A first transition surface part 35 is located at the side of the saddle surface 31 closest to the pillar part 33 and forms a convex transition between the saddle surface 31 and a concavely recessed surface part 34. A second transition surface part 36 is located at the side of the saddle surface 31 closest to the respective transversely oriented side face 32 of the cross element 30 and forms a convex transition there between. In the known art, both these transition surface parts 35, 36 are defined by a relatively large radius of curvature Rc0 of, typically, 7 mm, so as to reduce and limit any adverse so-called Hertzian contact stress with the innermost band 21 of the tensile means 20 between these surface parts 35, 36.
In the stress analysis according to the present invention it has, however, appeared that in such known cross element design the tensile means 20 and in particular the innermost band 21 thereof is subjected to relatively high bending stresses σL, σT. In particular the transverse bending stress σT was found to be relatively high, because of the relatively large separation with the saddle surface and the large amount of transverse bending of the innermost band 21 that occurs in this known design in particular at or near the lateral sides thereof as a consequence.
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The invention, apart from what has been disclosed in the preceding, further relates to all details as may be deducted directly and unambiguously from the drawing, whether described in the preceding or not, and to all details as provided by the following set of claims.
Claims
1. Drive belt (1) to be incorporated between the sheaves of a pair of pulleys (4, 5) of a transmission for realising a continuously adjustable transmission ratio, the belt (1) comprising at least one continuous band (21) and a number of cross elements (30) arranged in association with the continuous band (21) freely movable in a longitudinal direction thereof, each cross element (30) having a contact face or saddle surface (31) for interacting with an inwardly oriented main face of the continuous band (21), whereby a transverse width (W) of the continuous band (21) is larger than a transverse width of the saddle surface (31), which saddle surface (31) is provided with a transverse convex curvature of saddle radius (Rs) and which saddle surface (31) at a first lateral side adjacent a pillar part (33) of the element (30) connects to a concavely recessed surface part (34) through a first convexely curved transition surface part (35), characterised in that the following features are combined in the drive belt (1):
- the saddle radius (Rs) is essentially constant throughout the axial, i.e. transverse width of the saddle surface (31);
- the first transition surface part (35) is defined inside an imaginary arc-shaped curvature having a radius of 5 mm thus forming a relatively sharp edge; and
- the saddle radius (Rs) is designed to be smaller than a so-called band radius (Rb) of a transverse curvature of the band (21) in an unloaded state thereof, irrespective of an amount of bending in the longitudinal direction of the band (21) between the sheaves of a pulley 4, 5 that may occur during operation in the transmission.
2. Drive belt (1) according to claim 1, characterised in that the first transition surface part (35) is shaped as a convex curvature having a radius of curvature (Rc1) that amounts to about 1% or less of the saddle radius (Rs).
3. Drive belt (1) according to claim 1, characterised in that the saddle radius (Rs) has a value of about 250 to 300 mm.
4. Drive belt (1) according to claim 1, characterised in that the cross element (30) is formed form sheet material by a blanking operation. and that the first transition surface part (35) is shaped as a convex curvature having a radius of curvature (Rc1) of about 3 mm.
5. Drive belt (1) according to claim 1, characterised the respective other lateral side of the saddle surface (31) connects to a predominantly transversely oriented side face (32) of the cross element (30) through a second convexely curved transition surface part (36) that forms a relatively sharp edge, preferably being shaped as a convex curvature having a radius of curvature (Rc2) of about 3 mm.
6. Drive belt (1) according to claim 1, characterised in that a transverse position (C1) of a highest point on the saddle surface (31) as seen in radial direction is located eccentric with respect transverse width of the saddle surface (31) away from the said first transition surface part (35) and towards the said second transition surface part (36).
7. Drive belt (1) according to claim 1, characterised in that the transverse width (W) of the continuous band (21) is less than 1.25 times the transverse width of the saddle surface (31), preferably less than 1.15 times the latter width.
8. Drive belt (1) according to claim 2, characterised in that the saddle radius (Rs) has a value of about 250 to 300 mm.
9. Drive belt (1) according to claim 2, characterised in that the cross element (30) is formed form sheet material by a blanking operation and that the first transition surface part (35) is shaped as a convex curvature having a radius of curvature (Rc1) of about 3 mm.
10. Drive belt (1) according to claim 3, characterised in that the cross element (30) is formed form sheet material by a blanking operation. and that the first transition surface part (35) is shaped as a convex curvature having a radius of curvature (Rc1) of about 3 mm.
11. Drive belt (1) according to claim 2, characterised the respective other lateral side of the saddle surface (31) connects to a predominantly transversely oriented side face (32) of the cross element (30) through a second convexely curved transition surface part (36) that forms a relatively sharp edge, preferably being shaped as a convex curvature having a radius of curvature (Rc2) of about 3 mm.
12. Drive belt (1) according to claim 3, characterised the respective other lateral side of the saddle surface (31) connects to a predominantly transversely oriented side face (32) of the cross element (30) through a second convexely curved transition surface part (36) that forms a relatively sharp edge, preferably being shaped as a convex curvature having a radius of curvature (Rc2) of about 3 mm.
13. Drive belt (1) according to claim 4, characterised the respective other lateral side of the saddle surface (31) connects to a predominantly transversely oriented side face (32) of the cross element (30) through a second convexely curved transition surface part (36) that forms a relatively sharp edge, preferably being shaped as a convex curvature having a radius of curvature (Rc2) of about 3 mm.
14. Drive belt (1) according to claim] 2, characterised in that a transverse position (C1) of a highest point on the saddle surface (31) as seen in radial direction is located eccentric with respect transverse width of the saddle surface (31) away from the said first transition surface part (35) and towards the said second transition surface part (36).
15. Drive belt (1) according to claim] 3, characterised in that a transverse position (C1) of a highest point on the saddle surface (31) as seen in radial direction is located eccentric with respect transverse width of the saddle surface (31) away from the said first transition surface part (35) and towards the said second transition surface part (36).
16. Drive belt (1) according to claim] 4, characterised in that a transverse position (C1) of a highest point on the saddle surface (31) as seen in radial direction is located eccentric with respect transverse width of the saddle surface (31) away from the said first transition surface part (35) and towards the said second transition surface part (36).
17. Drive belt (1) according to claim] 5, characterised in that a transverse position (C1) of a highest point on the saddle surface (31) as seen in radial direction is located eccentric with respect transverse width of the saddle surface (31) away from the said first transition surface part (35) and towards the said second transition surface part (36).
18. Drive belt (1) according to claim 2, characterised in that the transverse width (W) of the continuous band (21) is less than 1.25 times the transverse width of the saddle surface (31), preferably less than 1.15 times the latter width.
19. Drive belt (1) according to claim 3, characterised in that the transverse width (W) of the continuous band (21) is less than 1.25 times the transverse width of the saddle surface (31), preferably less than 1.15 times the latter width.
20. Drive belt (1) according to claim 4, characterised in that the transverse width (W) of the continuous band (21) is less than 1.25 times the transverse width of the saddle surface (31), preferably less than 1.15 times the latter width.
Type: Application
Filed: Dec 20, 2004
Publication Date: Jul 7, 2005
Applicant: ROBERT BOSCH GMBH (STUTTGART)
Inventors: Minh Tran (Oss), Pieter Antonius Sebastianus Pennings (Rijsbergen)
Application Number: 11/015,641