Seal usable between thermally movable components
A seal usable between two thermally movable components to prevent fluids from mixing. For instance, the seal may be used to seal thermally movable components of a turbine engine that may include, but are not limited to, leading edge shrouds, isolation rings, ring segments, and vane segments. The seal may be formed from a body having a cross-section generally orthogonal to a longitudinal axis and include a first side, a second side generally opposite to the first side, a first end, and a second end generally opposite to the first end. A compliant material may be coupled to the first or second end, or both, and may absorb thermal expansion of the two thermally movable components. The seal may reduce leakage flow paths between the seal and the thermally movable components.
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This invention is directed generally to seals, and more particularly to seals usable between thermally movably components such as those commonly found in turbine engines.
BACKGROUNDTypically, gas turbine engines include a compressor for compressing air, a combustor for mixing the compressed air with fuel and igniting the mixture, and a turbine assembly for producing power. Combustors often operate at high temperatures that may exceed 2,500 degrees Fahrenheit. As a result, turbine engines often contain secondary flow paths forming cooling systems for prolonging the life of turbine components and reducing the likelihood of failure as a result of excessive temperatures. Allowing the combustion gases and cooling gases found in secondary flow paths to mix is detrimental to engine performance and is generally undesirable.
Many turbine engines include noteworthy leakage paths between gas turbine components, such as adjacent vanes, ring segments, et cetera. Sealing this leakage path is problematic because the seal must be able to accommodate radial, circumferential, and angular movements between the components while maintaining an adequate seal. Such movements are often caused by assembly misalignment, vibration during operation of a turbine engine, and different thermal expansion between adjacent components.
Conventional seals, as shown in
This invention relates to a seal usable between two thermally movable components. In at least one embodiment, the seal may be used to seal components of a turbine engine in which the thermally movable components may include, but are not limited to, leading edge shrouds, isolation rings, ring segments, and vane segments. The seal may be formed from a body having a longitudinal axis for sealing space between adjacent thermally movable components to prevent a fluid from passing between the adjacent components. The sealing element has a cross-section generally orthogonal to the longitudinal axis that has a first side, a second side generally opposite to the first side, a first end, and a second end generally opposite to the first end. The first end may be formed from a compliant material configured to expand in a direction generally orthogonal to the longitudinal axis to contact one of the two thermally movable components. Thus, the leakage flow path that may exist between the seal and the thermally movable component may be reduced in transient states because the compliant material may absorb thermal expansion of the thermally movable components. In other embodiments, the compliant material may be included on the second end as well as the first end.
The compliant material may be formed from materials, such as, but not limited to, one or more teeth, a feltmetal, a honeycomb, a brush seal material, or other appropriate material. In at least one embodiment, the compliant material may be a single tooth, or a plurality of teeth, forming a labyrinth seal. One or more teeth may extend from the first end of the seal at an angle of between about 30 degrees and about 60 degrees relative to an outer surface of the first end, and more specifically, may extend at an angle of about 45 degrees. In addition, one or more teeth may extend from an upper region of the first end proximate to an intersection between the first end and the first side, and one or more teeth may extend from a lower region of the first end proximate to an intersection between the first end and the second side. In at least one embodiment, three teeth may extend from the upper region, and three teeth may extend from the lower region. The teeth may also curve towards an axis generally orthogonal to the longitudinal axis. Alternatively, the teeth may be angled towards the axis that is generally orthogonal to the longitudinal axis.
The seal may be used to seal adjacent thermally movable components. For instance, the seal may be inserted into adjacent cavities in thermally movable components. The seal may be sized such that a relatively small gap, if any, exists between the walls of the cavity in the thermally movable components and the first and second ends of the seal. At base load of a turbine engine, a seal of this configuration substantially limits leakage of fluids past the seal. In at least one embodiment, the seal may limit cooling fluids from mixing with hot gases. As the turbine engine approaches design load, the seal and the thermally movable components are heated, and the compliant material contacts the thermally movable components, wherein the thermally compliant material may deform. In at least one embodiment in which the complaint material is formed from teeth, the teeth flex when placed in contact with the thermally movable components. When cooled, the teeth return to their original shape.
An advantage of this invention is that the compliant region of the seal enables the seal to be sized closely to the size of the opening between adjacent thermally movable components, thereby reducing the gap between the seal and the components at transient operating conditions. Such a configuration enables the seal to realize a reduction in leakage past the seal by as much as 25% over conventional seals, which increases the efficiency of the engine.
These and other embodiments are described in more detail below.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGSThe accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and form a part of the specification, illustrate embodiments of the presently disclosed invention and, together with the description, disclose the principles of the invention.
As shown in
As shown in
The seal 10 may also include a compliant region 32 formed from a compliant material, which may be, but is not limited to, one or more teeth, a feltmetal, a honeycomb, as shown in
In at least one embodiment, the first end 24 may include one or more teeth 36, as shown in
As shown in
The foregoing is provided for purposes of illustrating, explaining, and describing embodiments of this invention. Modifications and adaptations to these embodiments will be apparent to those skilled in the art and may be made without departing from the scope or spirit of this invention.
Claims
1. A seal usable between two thermally movable components, comprising:
- a body having a longitudinal axis for sealing space between adjacent components to prevent a fluid from passing through the space;
- wherein the body has a cross-section generally orthogonal to the longitudinal axis that has a first side, a second side generally opposite to the first side, a first end, and a second end generally opposite to the first end;
- wherein the first end is formed from a compliant material configured to absorb thermal expansion of the two thermally movable components.
2. The seal of claim 1, wherein the compliant material includes at least one tooth extending from the first end.
3. The seal of claim 2, wherein the at least one tooth is at an angle of between about 30 degrees and about 60 degrees relative to an outer surface of the first end.
4. The seal of claim 3, wherein the at least one tooth is at an angle of about 45 degrees.
5. The seal of claim 2, wherein at least one tooth extends from a region proximate to an intersection between the first end and the first side and at least one tooth extends from a region proximate to an intersection between the first end and the second side.
6. The seal of claim 5, wherein the at least one tooth extending from the region proximate to an intersection between the first end and the first side comprise three teeth, and the at least one tooth extending from the region proximate to an intersection between the first end and the second side comprise three teeth.
7. The seal of claim 5, wherein the teeth are curved.
8. The seal of claim 1, wherein the compliant material is selected from the group consisting of a feltmetal, a honeycomb, and a brush seal.
9. The seal of claim 1, wherein the second end is formed from a compliant material configured to absorb thermal expansion of the two thermally movable components.
10. The seal of claim 9, wherein the second end includes at least one tooth extending from the second end.
11. The seal of claim 10, wherein the at least one tooth is at an angle of between about 30 degrees and about 60 degrees relative to an outer surface of the first end.
12. The seal of claim 11, wherein the at least one tooth is at an angle of about 45 degrees.
13. The seal of claim 9, wherein at least one tooth extends from a region proximate to an intersection between the first end and the first side and at least one tooth extends from a region proximate to an intersection between the first end and the second side.
14. The seal of claim 13, wherein the at least one tooth extending from the region proximate to an intersection between the first end and the first side comprise three teeth and the at least one tooth extending from the region proximate to an intersection between the first end and the second side comprise three teeth.
15. The seal of claim 13, wherein the teeth are curved.
16. A seal usable between two thermally movable components, comprising:
- a body having a longitudinal axis for sealing space between adjacent components to prevent a fluid from passing through the space;
- wherein the body has a cross-section generally orthogonal to the longitudinal axis that has a first side, a second side generally opposite to the first side, a first end, and a second end generally opposite to the first end;
- wherein the first end is formed from a compliant material configured to absorb thermal expansion of the two thermally movable components, and the first end includes at least one tooth extending from the first end;
- wherein the second end is formed from a compliant material configured to absorb thermal expansion of the two thermally movable components.
17. The seal of claim 16, wherein the first end includes at least one tooth extending from the first end, and the second end includes at least one tooth extending from the second end.
18. The seal of claim 17, wherein the at least one tooth of the first end is at an angle of between about 30 degrees and about 60 degrees relative to an outer surface of the first end, and the at least one tooth of the second end is at an angle of between about 30 degrees and about 60 degrees relative to an outer surface of the second end.
19. The seal of claim 17, wherein at least one tooth extends from a region proximate to an intersection between the first end and the first side and at least one tooth extends from a region proximate to an intersection between the first end and the second side.
20. The seal of claim 16, wherein the compliant material is selected from the group consisting of a feltmetal, a honeycomb, and a brush seal.
Type: Application
Filed: Feb 9, 2004
Publication Date: Aug 11, 2005
Patent Grant number: 7562880
Applicant:
Inventors: Hubertus Paprotna (Winter Springs, FL), David Little (Chuluota, FL)
Application Number: 10/774,907