System for transaction processing
According to one embodiment of the invention, an architecture is provided for a data processing system that processes data for a service provider itself or a client of a service provider as in the case of a third party processor. The elements of the architecture can be managed separately. For example, the architecture can be organized around eight subject areas, such as account, party, communication point, presentation instrument, rules, balances, transactions, and product. Relationships between each of the subject areas as well as between sub-types of each subject area can be established to provide flexibility in the management of the data.
Latest First Data Corporation Patents:
This application claims the benefit under 35 USC §119(e) of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 60/547,651, filed on Feb. 24, 2004 entitled “System and Method for Transaction Processing” as well as the benefit under 35 USC §119(e) of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 60/567,891, filed May 3, 2004, entitled “System and Method for Transaction Processing” and hereby incorporates by reference the content of both applications in their entirety and for all purposes.
STATEMENT AS TO RIGHTS TO INVENTIONS MADE UNDER FEDERALLY SPONSORED RESEARCH OR DEVELOPMENTNOT APPLICABLE
REFERENCE TO A “SEQUENCE LISTING,” A TABLE, OR A COMPUTER PROGRAM LISTING APPENDIX SUBMITTED ON A COMPACT DISK.NOT APPLICABLE
Embodiments of the invention relate generally to systems for processing data for service industries. For example, one embodiment of the invention relates to a system for processing utility usage transactions and generating bills. Yet another embodiment relates to processing credit card transactions for the credit card (retail, debit, consumer) industry. Still other embodiments of the invention relate to processing transactions generated on accounts for healthcare payments, home mortgage, consumer loans, telephone usage, for example.
BACKGROUNDCredit card transaction management and administration is an example of a processing system that has traditionally relied on storing a great deal of information with a single identifier used as a reference. For example, a credit card account typically includes information about the customer, the account, the billing address, the formal transaction information, and the credit card and physical credit card characteristics. All of this is handled from the perspective of a single account, so that the credit card company can track transactions for a particular customer. Thus, this results in a very static data processing system that is inflexible which makes it difficult to effect changes as the business it services evolves. Furthermore, the handling of this information is typically specific to a particular line of business within an industry such as a revolving credit product for the financial services industry. It is not readily aligned with a totally different service model, such as one's utility billing system, insurance claim payment processing system, phone billing system, or cable billing system.
Thus, a third party which handles the processing of transactions for a variety of different industries or services must create independent systems for handling each service's transactions. There currently appears to be no unique system which is capable of flexibly handling different types of services, such as credit card processing, healthcare claim payment, and utility bill processing, in the same processing system. Again, the static and inflexible nature of the current processing systems prevent this.
In addition, because the account information, party information, and presentation instrument information for a credit card system, for example, is referenced by a single identifier, it is quite difficult, if not impossible, under present systems, to manage the individual areas of account information, party information, or presentation instrument as independent data. Once again, the inflexible nature of a single reference to the data prevents this from happening.
As another example of the inflexibility of current systems, it is not easy to modify existing systems to add multiple parties and the requisite roles they play to an account and utilize multiple cards for that account. Again, this is difficult due to the fact that once an account is created under the static formatting of a particular account—such as the formatting of a Mastercard Gold Card with a single customer—it is extremely difficult to modify that record to reflect change—such as a second party, playing a previously unsupported role, on the account—without restructuring the processing system (underlying data structures and program code).
Another example of the inflexibility of credit card systems is that customers are typically prevented from playing dual roles in an account, such as the role of guarantor and authorized user. Instead, the credit card account is typically configured to identify one party as the authorized user and a different party as the guarantor. Once again, this prevents the flexibility that might be desired in certain circumstances.
Yet another example of the rigidity of current systems is that, for products offered by a bank, for example, which offers different credit card lines as well as brokerage accounts and mortgages, each of those individual accounts is typically processed separately, under separate systems. It is not possible to easily combine those systems at a later point in time under a master account which could be tailored to the services desired by a particular customer.
As yet another example, the static nature of current systems makes it difficult, if not impossible, to modify the mailing contact points for an individual during different times of the year. For example, a credit card statement is typically mailed to a home residence of the customer who is financially responsible for the account. Current systems do not provide the flexibility to allow a customer to designate varying locations during the year to which statements should be sent. This is due to the fact that only a single address is currently associated with a credit card account, for example, without the flexibility to designate different contact points throughout the year. To include such information would require a complete reworking of the credit card processing system because the credit card processing system operates by referring to all account information using a single reference identifier.
Thus, as can be seen from the above examples, current processing systems for service industries are typically configured in a static and inflexible way so as to effectively prevent the efficient management of information for an account. Other examples addressed by present embodiments of the invention will be apparent from the following specification.
Thus, there is a need for a data processing system which can handle the processing of data for service industries in a more flexible manner. For example, there is a need for a data processing system and requisite data architecture that can easily adapt to changing business requirements and is not tightly coupled with a specific aspect of any one service or any one industry.
SUMMARYOne embodiment of the invention relates to a method of processing and managing data subject areas for the service industry in a plurality of data subject areas independent from one another. For example, party data, account data, presentation instrument data, product data, communication point data, balance data, and rules data can be stored as independent sets of data from one another.
According to another embodiment of the invention, a method of managing data for a business can be accomplished by identifying a party as an independent set of data referenced with a unique system generated identifier; identifying an account as an independent set of data referenced with a unique system generated identifier; relating the party data with the account data and assigning a role to the relationship that defines the role the party plays on the account.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
Referring now to
Each of the computers and databases shown in
System 1300 has extensive flexibility and configurability. Thus, for example, a single architecture might be utilized to implement one or more servers that can be further configured in accordance with currently desirable protocols, protocol variations, extensions, etc. However, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that embodiments may well be utilized in accordance with more specific application requirements. For example, one or more system elements might be implemented as sub-elements within a system 1300 component (e.g. within communications system 1306). Customized hardware might also be utilized and/or particular elements might be implemented in hardware, software (including so-called “portable software,” such as applets) or both. Further, while connection to other computing devices such as network input/output devices (not shown) may be employed, it is to be understood that wired, wireless, modem and/or other connection or connections to other computing devices might also be utilized. Distributed processing, multiple site viewing, information forwarding, collaboration, remote information retrieval and merging, and related capabilities are each contemplated. Operating system utilization will also vary depending on the particular host devices and/or process types (e.g. computer, appliance, portable device, etc.) Not all system 1300 components will necessarily be required in all cases.
The data architecture shown in
Referring to
Account
Referring to block 102 of
An account is associated to one or more parties who can use one or more presentation instruments to generate transactions. Furthermore, according to one embodiment of the invention, an account, a party, and a presentation instrument can operate as independent subject areas and can be related in an association to form a unique occurrence of the relationship.
The account subject area provides for the separation of account data from party data and presentation instrument data. Thus, the identity of a party who fulfills a specific business role for a particular account is not stored as part of the account database. Rather, it is kept in the party database and related to the account database where the assigned business role is maintained. Similarly, the data describing the presentation instrument, such as a credit card or smart card, is not stored as part of the account's data. Rather, this information can be related with the account's data by an association database.
An account can participate in one or more relationships with other accounts, for example, as a member of a business group or family group of accounts. Furthermore, multiple presentation instruments can generate transactions for a single account, a group of accounts, or a single member of a group. Thus, a single account could be related with a smart card, a magnetic stripe card, a biometric identifier, etc., each of which could be utilized to initiate a transaction associated with the account.
For example, an individual account associated with several parties can be related with one presentation instrument to generate transactions. Alternatively, a family account with each family member having individual or subordinate accounts can be implemented with the account subject area. Furthermore, a corporate account with one or more dependent accounts could be implemented through the account database. Thus, it is clear that by segregating data for an account, flexibility is provided under the data architecture shown in
Party
Referring to
For example, customer John Joseph Doe may be known to one client of the data processor as J. Doe, and to another client of the data processor as J. Joseph Doe, Sr. Each client (e.g., Bank One and XCEL Energy) may add a different address for John Doe even though both have the same social security number for him and both know that his birth date was Jun. 10, 1942. The names used by one client of the data processor are not combined with those used by the other clients of the data processor because each is relevant only within the context of the business that provided the information. The party subject area however can store identifying information for the party, such as name and social security number that can be related to many different accounts.
The account to which a party is associated is not stored as part of the party's database. Similarly, the communication point at which a party can be contacted is also not stored as part of the party's database. Rather, the account and/or communication point are related to the party by associative databases.
The party database can provide flexibility to maintain multiple names, statuses, and alternative identifiers for an individual, organization, or organizational unit. It also allows a service organization to manage multiple roles in relationships for an individual, organization, or organizational unit. It further allows one to build and maintain structural relationships between individuals, organizations, and/or organizational units such as peer-to-peer relationships or hierarchical relationships.
Examples of the relationships between parties are customers of a service provider (credit card companies, utility companies, healthcare providers), clients of a data processing system such as receiving banks, vendors, merchants, contacts, business partners, and employees.
Presentation Instrument
Referring again to
The presentation instrument data can be independently managed. Thus, the presentation instrument data may be related to one or more party/product/account relationships. For example, a party could require reissuance of a “presentation instrument”, such as a credit card, without affecting other credit cards on the same account. Similarly, a virtual presentation instrument could be created for an account to allow the party to enable e-commerce activity without affecting any associated physical presentation instruments.
Communication Point
Another subject area shown in
One of the benefits of storing information in a communication point database is that the information can readily be changed when the issuing body changes the content for the communication point. Furthermore, many different communication points can be utilized for a single party by relating the party to those communication points and/or a single communication point can be related to many parties. This provides great flexibility for sending communications to a party depending upon the type of relationship that party has with a communication point and the time at which that relationship is used. Another example of the inherent flexibility is that as business requirements change and new types of communication points are discovered they can be added to the processing system with very little effort.
For example, a communication point could be used to send a specific party the annual statement for a credit card company. The party may only live at its home address for part of the year and live at a different address for another part of the year, as is often the case for retirees. Thus, multiple communication points could be included in a communication point database and an association could be established with the party database to specify the relationship, timing, and usage of the communication point data. These associations can be stored in different databases such as party-communication point database 130 and communication point usage database 132. Thus, the annual statement could be directed to one or more geographic or e-mail addresses during a first part of the year and yet a single geographic address during another part of the year.
One of the benefits of storing information in a communication point database is that the communication point information can change without the relationship to a party changing. Thus, for example, if a district revises the zip code configuration for a city, the zip code for a location can change but the relationship as the primary mailing address will not change. Thus, only the communication point database needs to be updated with the revised zip code information. This can be important in some industries such as the credit card rating industry in which one's credit rating is determined in part by how many times one has moved. The arbitrary redistricting of zip codes, for example, would cause one's address to change, by definition, under the old data processing methods even though the geographic location did not change. Thus, the credit rating rules used to evaluate applicants would consider the change in zip code to be a change in address, causing the credit rating for an individual to worsen—even though the person never moved. However, the system shown in
As another example of the functionality that can be achieved with separated communication point data and unique party-communication point associations, one can envision all the different types of communications that can be sent for a credit card account. Thus, a monthly statement could be directed to a home address for six months of the year and a vacation address for the remaining six months of the year. Furthermore, an overcredit warning could be sent to an email address if one approaches the limit on a credit card. Furthermore, a late payment notice could be faxed to one's home address or a second late notice could be implemented by a telephone call to the individual's home phone. Each of the above communication destinations (i.e. home address, e-mail address, fax, telephone) could easily be altered and stored in the communication point database. However, associations between the party and any “address” in the communication point database can be maintained separately in a database. Thus, in comparison with traditional credit card systems in which a statement, for example, is always sent to the same address, this embodiment of the invention provides greater flexibility for communicating with a party.
Transaction
Referring again to
Balance
The balance subject area 106 in
The balance database provides a great deal of flexibility in the types of balances that can be kept for an account. For example, a promotional balance can be used for a new product, such as a new credit card line. A late fee balance can be kept separate for a credit card as well. Similarly, an overlimit balance can be kept for an account. In addition, a big ticket promotional balance can be utilized for an account. Such promotional balances might include how much one pays toward a specific product such as a refrigerator. Thus, if a special promotional program is in existence for refrigerators, for example, the balance database can store how much money has been applied towards purchases which trigger the grant of the reward towards the refrigerator.
Thus, the balance database provides for all different kinds of balance information to be kept that can be utilized for an account or specified for a particular product line. It provides great flexibility in that the balance information can be varied and different balances can be selected for a product line.
Product
The product subject area 107 is a collection of data about a named item or service intended for sale by one party to another party for the purpose of generating revenue. Thus, parties who participate in product campaigns typically take on different roles such as those who offer products to market, those who service a product, and those who use the services provided by the product. As an example of those who offer a product to market, an issuing bank which issues credit cards to customers is one example. Similarly, a money transfer agent such as Western Union, which offers money transfer services to parties, is another example. Similarly, companies that operate as third parties for issuing and acquiring banks, such as First Data Resources and First Data Merchant Services, fall into this category as well. As an example of those who service a product, First Data Resources or any other third party processor is an example of one who performs this service. Finally, as an example of those who use the services provided by the product, a consumer using a credit card is an example of that category.
Products can be defined by party-selected component data. This replaces program-implemented features and functionality. Thus, an issuing bank party can select the components that it wishes to include as part of a new product to be offered to the purchasing public, each of which would be a separate party. This allows the issuing bank, for example, to select the interest rate, credit line, payment options, etc.
Another example of a product is a utility service. Thus, the rate for gas and electricity can be defined separately. In addition, the late fees can also be defined as separate components. The party offering such a product in this example would be the utility company while the homeowners would be the consumers.
Typically, a product will define the hierarchical nature of components, such as rollup balance, and summary statements. It can also define account balances, such as promotional balances and fees. Furthermore, it can define the treatment of those balances. In addition, it can define how the balances are affected by transactions, such as sales, payments, reversals, etc.
Products can vary by different lines of business, such as credit, retail, e-commerce, cellular, etc. A product will typically organize component data in such a way that a business person can use them, a client can understand them, and an application can process them. This allows an unlimited number of components to define a party's product. Furthermore, it allows a faster time to market for new products or to make changes to existing products. Furthermore, it provides a centralized and easily accessible database for product definitions.
Examples of products are a merchant service; a funds transfer service; a Visa™ Platinum with reward feature; a Mastercard™ Gold Card account; a retail card; an investment cash management service; a cellular transaction/billing account; and an electric utility billing service.
Rules
The final subject area illustrated in the architecture shown in
Thus, the rules database 108 can be utilized throughout the processing system depicted in
One example of use of the rules database would be as follows:
-
- If customer's state is “CA” and the transaction is an ATM cash advance, perform CASH FEE 1
- Action Set: calculate 4% of the transaction amount
- Add $1.00 to the previous result
- Assess the amounts
- Otherwise, if the transaction is an ATM cash advance, perform CASH FEE 2
- Action Set: calculate 4% of the transaction amount
- Assess the amount.
Subject Area Associations
The various subject areas have been described above as independent databases for storing information related to a service business. Relationships exist between the different subject areas and different components within the subject areas. These relationships result in associations that can be configured as databases for storing relational information between the subject area databases. While independent databases are typically used to describe the sets of data for different subject areas, it is also envisioned that separate databases could be used to store information for more than one subject area and the associations between them.
Block 130 in
Thus, the architecture shown in
While party, account, and presentation instrument data sets can be stored independently, relationships between them can be established by managing associations defined by a specific service business. In block 324, a set of data to establish the relationship between party data, account data, and presentation instrument data is stored. To accomplish this, a first internal identifier is assigned to a set of data in the party database. Furthermore, a second internal identifier is assigned to a set of data in the account database, and a third internal identifier is assigned to a set of data in the presentation instrument database, as shown by block 328. These internal identifiers are grouped together, within a service business context, to form a set of internal identifiers which can be used to obtain data from each of the party, account, and presentation instrument databases for creating a specific instance of related information or set of data. A fourth internal identifier, which has been assigned to a party, can be utilized to associate a second party with the account as shown in block 332. Furthermore, a fifth internal identifier, which has been assigned to a specific presentation instrument, can be used to associate a second presentation instrument with the account as shown by block 336. Furthermore, each of the parties, i.e., the first and second parties, can be assigned a role as defined by a service provider for an account, as shown by block 340. It should be understood that a service provider can be a data processor or a client of a data processor. For example, First Data Resources of Omaha, Nebr. can act as a service provider or provide processing services for banks.
Account-Party Role
Referring to
Table A shows a grouping of information to define the role played by a party on a specific account. Thus, in the example of a revolving credit account, different parties can be assigned different roles for a single account. For example, Table A shows that Joe Smith has been established as the guarantor on a revolving credit account with the account ID of RC123456789. Similarly, Mary Smith has been established as the authorized user role on the same account. Finally, Acme Accounting has taken on the role of being the accountant for that revolving credit account. Thus, this example shows that party data can be coupled with account data and roles can be assigned to specific parties for a single account.
Table A also shows that the association can be accomplished by obtaining the internal party ID “0001” and the internal account ID “000A” and the data entry of “guarantor” as the role and storing that set of data in the account party role database. Thus, when that instance or set of information is retrieved from the account party role database, the data that has been assigned internal party ID 0001 can be retrieved from the party database to gain identifying information for Joe Smith while the data that has been assigned internal account ID 000A can be retrieved from the account database to show that account ID RC123456789, a revolving credit account, is the account referred to for that entry. Similarly, the account party role database will store the role to be played on that account as guarantor. Thus, this is an example of how the party information and account information can be stored as separate sets of data or information, yet be utilized by another database to establish an association between two sets of information.
Table A demonstrates that, within the account party role database, multiple roles can be established for multiple parties on a single account. Furthermore, the example of Table A illustrates that relationships can be stored on the same database for different products, e.g., a revolving credit account, an electric utility account, and a different revolving credit account.
The account party role associative database is further illustrated in
Table A further demonstrates the architecture shown in
PI-Account-Party Role
After a party has been assigned a role on an account, a presentation instrument may be assigned that will be used to generate transactions. This ternary association among the party, the account, and the presentation instrument is useful under the architecture shown in
Table B illustrates an example of data relationships identified by the PI/account/party/role database 122 of
The management of access to an account is established or eliminated for individuals or organizations by applying the proper status or adding other presentation instrument types and identifiers for a specific party. The business model of the particular service provider can indicate which role on the account may receive a presentation instrument. The service provider can also decide which combination of PI/account/party/role makes sense for its business. For example, a single presentation instrument shared by multiple individuals for one account can be utilized or a single presentation instrument shared by multiple individuals for several accounts can be utilized. Similarly, multiple presentation instruments for a single individual can be utilized for a single account or multiple presentation instruments shared by multiple individuals can be utilized for one account. Thus, many associations between PI/account/party/role that make business sense for a service provider are allowed by the architecture shown in
Table B illustrates an example of how two parties can play different roles on different accounts with different presentation instruments. For example, for revolving credit account RC123456789, Joe Smith can play the role of guarantor while Mary Smith plays the role of authorized user. Joe Smith is entitled to use a presentation instrument of a transponder type with the presentation instrument identifier of PI987654321 while Mary Smith is entitled to use the presentation instrument of a plastic type having presentation instrument ID number PI123456788. In this same database, an electric utility service can be supported by indicating that Mary Smith plays the role of a responsible party on an electric utility account having ID number U987654 wherein the presentation instrument is the meter located at Mary Smith's residence having ID number M78542573.
Party-Communication Point
This database of the party-communication point information is useful in that it allows a service provider to understand how many of their service users have a relationship with the same communication point for marketing and cost-reduction purposes. For example, a credit card company can determine how many letters it is sending to the same communication point with advertisements. If a family of card holders resides at the same address, multiple mailings may be sent there inadvertently when one would suffice. Similarly, billing statements could be combined for the same party who has multiple accounts but is located at one communication point.
Table C illustrates an example of a relationship of information that can be identified by a party communication point database. An entry is shown for the party Joe Smith and communication point ID CP123456789. This entry further indicates the association between the communication point and Joe Smith as home and that it is a geographic communication point. Table C further illustrates the fact that the communication point with identifier CP123456789 is used by both Joe and Mary Smith as their home address.
Referring now to
A further example is shown in
Communication Point Usage
Referring now to Table D, the relationship of communication point usage can be better understood.
The communication point usage relationship allows a party communication point to be associated with an account party role. The account party role entries indicate the role that a specific party will play on an account. The party communication point indicates a communication point for a particular party. By linking entries for the party communication point and the account party role, a specific usage can be added as well. Thus, a type of communication can be indicated. Table D illustrates three sets of data, the party/communication point data, and the party/account role set of data, and usage types for these cross-referenced entries. For example, the first entry in the party/account role database is for Joe Smith as guarantor on an account. Furthermore, the first entry in the party/communication database is for Joe Smith's geographic home location. The first entry for the usage type is plastics. Thus, Table D illustrates that any communications relating to plastics, such as new credit cards, are sent to Joe Smith at his geographic home address. Similarly, the second entry in each of the three sets of data indicates that statements are sent to Joe Smith as guarantor to his home geographic address. The third entry indicates that any letters for Mary Smith in her role as authorized user on the revolving credit account RC123456789 are to be sent to Joe Smith's home geographic address. However, the fourth entry indicates that any communications to Mary Smith in her role as the payor for electric utility account U987654 are to be sent to Mary Smith's employer's geographic address. The fifth entry indicates that any statement communication for Acme Accounting as accountant on revolving credit account RC123456789 are to be sent to the geographic return address entry for Acme Accounting identified by communication point ID CP918273764. The sixth entry indicates that any fraud contacts for revolving credit account RC567891234 should be sent to Officer Grear in his role as fraud investigator at his employer's geographic address indicated by communication point ID CP567891234.
The example of Table D indicates that, once entries are established in different relationship databases, they may be combined for further relationships. Thus, an entry in the account party role database 120 can be associated to an entry in the party communication point database 130 to establish a communication point usage entry in communication point usage database 132. Again, internal identifiers can be associated with each entry in the account party role database and the party communication point database to associate instances (i.e., data) from each of those databases. Furthermore, each of those associations can include additional information such as the usage type (plastics, statements, letters, all communications, return address, fraud contacts, etc.) for that particular entry.
Account Product
Referring now to Table E, yet another relationship shown in
Thus, for example, when a customer wants to receive a billing statement, the common account ID number can be used to include all of the different product types in the same mailing. Thus, distinct products such as checking and revolving credit can be included in the same statement mailing since the same account ID applies to both of them.
Referring to
Account Balance
Once the account product database information is established, account balance relationships can be established as well. The account balance relationship associates the balances defined in the terms and conditions of a product to a specific account.
Table F illustrates the account product information of Table E associated with specific balance types. For example, revolving credit accounts associated with account ID RC123456789 can be linked to four different balances. Namely, Table F shows that balance types of “open to buy”, “cash”, “credit”, and “interest” can be established as individual balance types for account RC123456789. Similarly, the loyalty program product associated with account ID RC123456789 can be established with a points balance. The checking product associated with account ID RC123456789 can be associated with a checking balance and the brokerage product associated with account ID RC123456789 can be associated with a balance type of “stock”. The electric utility product associated with account U987654 can be associated with a balance type of “megawatts used” while the level payment product associated with the account ID U987654 can be associated with the balance type of “payment balance to date”.
To establish the relationship between the product and accounts and balance type, internal identifiers can once again be generated for each entry in the account database and each entry in the balance database. Then, the internal identifiers can be associated and stored in the account balance database. The association of the internal identifiers associates the information shown as entries in Table F.
Referring now to
In block 1407, a first identifier is assigned to the account data. Similarly, in block 1420, a second identifier is assigned to the balance data. Since the account data is identified by the first identifier and the balance data is identified by the second identifier, the association of the first identifier with the second identifier establishes a relationship between the account and the balance. Thus, the first identifier and the second identifier can be stored as a set of data. Consequently, the account data and the balance data are associated so as to relate the account with the balance. Furthermore, this set of data can be stored on a separate database shown as the account-balance database for establishing the relationships between each account and each balance that is required by the business for that account.
Product Balance
Referring now to Table G, the relationship between product and balance can be seen for product balance associative database 150 in
Internal identifiers can be used with the product types and balance types to identify entries in the product and balance databases. Thus, Table G shows internal product IDs and internal balance IDs. These IDs can be coupled as data entries in the product-balance database. The entries shown in Table G reflect the data that is associated by grouping the respective internal product IDs with the internal balance IDs.
Referring now to
To associate the product data with the balance data, a first identifier can be assigned to the account data as shown in block 1516. For example, the identifier can be assigned to an entry in the account database after the identifier is generated by an internal system identifier generator. Similarly, a second identifier can be assigned to a balance type as shown in block 1520. Then, the product data can be associated with the balance data so as to relate the product with the balance. This can be accomplished by associating the first identifier with the second identifier as a set of data stored in an account-balance database, for example.
Party Subject Area
The party subject area, which is a collection of data about individual(s), organization(s), or organization unit(s) needed by a service provider to carry out business operations on behalf of itself and/or its client(s) is illustrated in more detail in
A party is an individual, organization, or organization unit that a service provider needs to have information about in order to carry out business operations on behalf of itself and/or its clients. For example, First Data Resources (FDR), a data processing company in Omaha, Nebr. constitutes a party. Likewise, its parent company First Data Corporation and sister companies such as Western Union or Telecheck are also considered parties. Client organizations that contract with FDR for processing services are also parties. Furthermore, an individual or organization that is a customer of one of FDR's clients and one of FDR's clients and who has a role on an account processed by First Data Resources is also considered a party. Other examples include parties such as a contact person at a merchant organization, a credit bureau that receives account status information to be incorporated in a credit bureau report, and a vendor that provides plastics.
The party subject area database can store a collection of information needed to manage data about individuals and organizations who have a direct or indirect relationship with one another or with a service provider. The party subject area can include information such as: identification data (names, identifiers, biometric information), demographic information, relationships to other individuals, roles on agreements or accounts, and language preferences of the parties.
Organization of the party information can help service providers to accomplish different tasks, such as: keeping track of their customers, making changes to the party data quickly and easily, managing customer relationships, and complying with regulations such as recent privacy regulations. Furthermore, from the perspective of a third party data processing provider, such as First Data Resources of Omaha, Nebr. and First Data Corporation the organization of the party information can help in: responding to changing client needs, providing structures to facilitate new types of businesses, supporting client defined products with new types of parties, and supporting new types of party relationships, agreements, and roles.
A party is defined within the business context of the entity that establishes it. For example, third party processors are capable of processing transactions on accounts for many different banks that offer credit cards. In some cases, a person may have one credit card with Bank A and a second credit card with Bank B. In such an instance, that person is recognized by the third party processor as a first entity for Bank A and a different entity for Bank B. Alternatively, a person may have more than one credit card issued by the same bank. In that instance, the person is a single entity used by the processing system to process the different credit card accounts issued by that bank. Thus, for a third party processor that processes transactions for multiple banks, a person can be represented as different entities—e.g., a different entity for each bank. Furthermore, for the person who has more than one account at a single bank, a single entity can be used for the party data to process the transactions—i.e., one entity for multiple accounts.
Block 1906 indicates the type of information or attributes that can be maintained for an individual. An individual is a person that the system needs to have information about in order to carry out business operations. For example, the individual's birth date, death certificate identifier (i.e., an externally defined identifier of the death certificate issued by a geopolitical organization to certify the death of the individual), and date the individual died can be maintained. In cases where the death certificate has not yet been received,an indicator designating whether the individual is dead can be recorded. In addition, a code representing the ethnic classification used by an individual can be recorded, as can an individual gender code representing the sex of the individual (e.g., “male”, “female”, or “Gender not provided”). A code representing the marital status of the individual can be recorded as part of the entry, as well, such as common law marriage, divorced, separated, head of household, married, domestic partner, single, widowed, or unknown. In addition, a field can be used to record the national heritage of an individual, such as German, Italian, Scandinavian, etc. This can be a useful field for applying the requirements of increased government scrutiny of financial accounts, such as the heightened scrutiny applied by the Patriot Act. The effective date that the individual becomes eligible for Soldier and Sailor Act benefits can be recorded as can an indicator indicating whether the individual is currently eligible for benefits under the Soldier Sailor Act. In addition, a code representing a general categorization of an individual's citizenship can be recorded, such as the individual is a US citizen, the individual is not a US citizen, the individual is a citizen of another country as well as a citizen of the US, or the individual citizenship is not provided. Also, an indicator can be used to designate whether the individual is a veteran of one of the military branches. Also, an “Individual Solicitation Prohibition Code” can be used to indicate whether an individual can be contacted about purchasing new or additional products. The values for this code may indicate: 1) Yes, you may solicit and telemarket the customer; 2) Do not solicit this customer; 3) Do not telemarket this customer.
In
Block 1905 shows examples of attributes that can be stored as part of an entry for an organization. For example, “Organization Business Description Text” can be maintained for use as party-defined text describing the nature of the business. Furthermore, an “Organization Classification Type Code” can be used to classify the organization as belonging to a particular class, such as an internal division or subsidiary of the third party processor (e.g., in the case of First Data Corporation: First Data Corporation, First Data Resources, TeleCheck, and Western Union), a financial institution (e.g., a bank or credit union), a merchant organization (e.g., a department store, a Mom and Pop store, a mail order company), a regulatory organization (e.g., VISA, MasterCard, IRS, or Federal Reserve), a third party organization (e.g., a vendor, credit bureau, or law firm), a client organization (e.g., an organization that can take on the role of Issuer or Acquirer), an independent sales organization, or a customer organization (e.g., a commercial card customer). Another attribute that can be stored as part of the entry is an “Organization Employee Count” which is a count of the persons employed in an organization as specified by the Party that defined the organization. This field can be used, for example, to provide a discount rate to employees when the employer has a certain number of employees. Other attributes that can be stored as part of an organization entry include: a code representing the year the organization was formed; a code representing the month in which the organization's accounting cycle closes for determining profits or losses for the year; a code representing the state in which the organization was chartered; a code describing the tax status of the organization for filing state and federal taxes; a code representing whether the organization was formed or chartered in the United States; a code representing the legal structure of the organization, or an “Organization Cost Center Identifier” that indicates the accounting area where costs for the organization are to be allocated.
Block 1905 shows further sub-blocks which categorize additional information about different types of organizations. For example, block 1907 shows data that is specific to a financial institution. A financial institution is an organization that collects funds from the public to place in financial assets. For example, a bank, a savings and loan association, a credit union, and an insurance company are examples of financial institutions. Examples of information that can be stored for a financial institution include a “Federal Reserve Transit Routing Number”, a “Financial Institution Classification Type Code” (e.g., depository or non-depository institution), and a “Financial Institution FDIC Member Indicator” (i.e., designating whether the financial institution is a member bank of the FDIC).
Block 1988 shows data that can be maintained for a customer organization, such as any organization whose primary relationship with a third party processor is as a customer of a client of the third party processor. An example of this is an organization that has a commercial card agreement with an ABC Bank—where ABC Bank is a client of the third party processor. An example of a code that can be maintained as part of the entry for a customer organization is a customer organization classification type code that describes the customer as being a commercial card customer, or a fleet customer, etc.
Block 1909 illustrates data can be maintained for a third party organization. A third party organization is typically a supplier or service provider such as a material vendor, an insurance vendor, a rewards fulfillment vendor, a software vendor, a hardware vendor, a co-brand partner, an information vendor, a data entry vendor, a marketing vendor, a collection vendor, and a voice response unit support vendor. As examples of third party organizations, blocks 1910 group service provider, block 1911 insurance provider, and block 1913 credit bureau show that data specific to each classification of third party organizations can be maintained.
Block 1914 shows that data can be maintained that is specific to a party that is a client. For example, a “Client Organization Classification Type Code” can be used to identify the client as an acquirer, an issuer, or both an acquirer and an issuer.
Block 1915 shows that data can be maintained for the data processing company's own organizations. In this example, data can be maintained that is specific to organizations that are part of First Data Corporation (FDC) entity.
Block 1917 shows that data that is specific to an independent sales organization can be maintained.
Block 1918 shows that data that is specific to a merchant organization can be maintained. A merchant organization can be an organization that accepts presentation instruments as payment in exchange for goods or services provided. An example of an attribute that could be maintained about a merchant organization is the “Merchant Category Code” that designates the line of business or the type of service that the merchant organization provides.
Block 1905 also shows that data can be maintained for regulatory organizations in block 1919. A regulatory classification type code attribute is provided to categorize the regulatory organizations. The two example classifications shown in block 1919 are governmental organizations and industry associations. In block 1920, shows that a “Governmental Classification Type Code” can be used to classify a governmental organization, for example, as an international organization, a national organization, a state organization, etc. Likewise a governmental sub-classification code can also be used to further categorize the governmental organization. Examples of the sub-classification includes such things as an agency, a bureau, a military organization, etc. Similarly, block 1921, association, provides examples of attributes that can be maintained specifically about an association. Examples include such things as an “Association Identifier”, an “Association Name”, and an “Association Classification Structure Type Code”.
Block 1982 illustrates how data can be maintained for an organization unit according to one example. The organization unit is a subset or division of an organization as specified by the party that defined it. A significant characteristic of an organization unit is that it is not chartered or recognized by any governmental organization as a legal entity and therefore cannot enter into legal contracts. For example, an organization unit may be a division or department of a legal entity. Another example might be a subset of a merchant organization, such as a store. Attributes can be used to characterize an organization unit. An “Organization Unit Internal Type Code” is a code defined by the data processor that represents the categorization of the organization unit (e.g., business unit, operating division, operations group, division, department, office, client defined). An “Organization Unit External Type Code” is a code representing the categorization of the organization unit as specified by a party external to the data processor (e.g., a client defined code for a business unit, operating division, operations group, division, department, office or branch). An “Organization Unit External Identifier” is an identifier for the organization unit as specified by a party external to the data processor (e.g., DIV-01 or DEPT-HR). An “Organization Unit Employee Count” is a count of the persons employed in an organization unit as specified by the party that defined the organization unit. For example, this field can be used to determine whether employees of an organization are entitled to get a certain discount rate with a partner organization if a minimum number of employees are required for the discount to apply. An “Organization Unit Effective Date” can be used to define the date an organization unit is valid for use within the context of the business of the party that defined it (e.g., the date the human resources department is valid in a growing company that adds a human resources department). Similarly, an “Organization Unit End Date” can be defined to indicate the last date that the organization unit is valid for use within the context of the business of the party that defined it.
A credit bureau report can be generated for a specific party. For example, block 1906 which maintains information for an individual can be related to credit bureau report Block 1922. The credit bureau report block shows that information about the credit history of an individual can be stored in a database by the system. The credit history is obtained from a credit bureau service provider that gathers the information from a variety of sources, such as credit card issuers, home loan issuers, private label issuers, etc. and produces the report. The credit bureau report can detail which lines of credit the Party has applied for and received and whether the Party pays their bills in a timely fashion. Attributes can be stored to define the credit information. A “Credit Bureau Score Obtained Date” can be used to identify the date the credit bureau score was obtained from the credit bureau. The “Credit Bureau Derogatory Information Code” can be used to indicate the rating of the derogatory information on file at the credit bureau (e.g., “0” for best rating and “9” for worst rating). A “Credit Bureau Number of Trade Lines Code” can be used to indicate the number of trade lines on file at the credit bureau. A “Credit Bureau Score Number” can be used as a rating derived from the credit information obtained from the Credit Bureau. A “Credit Bureau Worst Public Record Code” can be used as the rating of the public record on file at the credit bureau. A “Report Bankruptcy Code” can be used to report bankruptcy (e.g., “-” =chapter 1 1 bankruptcy; “1”=chapter 7 or 11 bankruptcy; “2”=chapter 13 bankruptcy; and “3”=account is seriously delinquent, e.g., seven cycles delinquent). A “Risk predictor Score Number” can be used to assign a client defined risk score. A “Risk Predictor Bureau Identifier” can be used to identify various risk predictor bureaus (e.g., Equifax; Transunion; and=TRW). A “Risk Predictor Model Code” can be used to indicate the credit bureau scoring algorithm used in evaluating a customer's risk level. “Risk Predictor Score Reason Codes 1-4” can be used to maintain the reason given by the credit bureau for the reported score. Also, a “Credit Bureau Report Dispute Code” could be used to identify the dispute reason on a credit bureau report (e.g., customer request or inconsistency).
In
Block 1912 also illustrates how agreements can be further classified by different types. For example, block 1952 shows that credit bureau usage agreement data can be maintained. This is a type of agreement in which a client of a data processor agrees to use the credit bureau reporting services provided by a specific credit bureau (e.g., an agreement in which an issuing bank agrees to use the credit bureau services of the credit bureau Equifax). Similarly, block 1953 shows that data for a credit bureau reporting agreement can be used to store data about an agreement between a client of the data processor and a credit bureau in which the client has agreed to provide account status information to the credit bureau. The credit bureau can use this information to build credit bureau reports on consumers. For example, this might be an agreement in which the issuing bank agrees to provide account status information to Equifax, the credit bureau. This information is provided to the credit bureau by the data processor of the issuing bank.
Block 1954 shows that the data processor can store settlement agreement data. A settlement agreement can take the form of a type of agreement that establishes the terms and conditions under which an organization acting in the role of processor is able to set up its system infrastructure to process settlements for monetary transactions generated using the brand of a specific association. For example, it might be the agreement by which First Data Resources is able to set up its systems to process MasterCard transactions.
Block 1955 shows that the data processor can store association membership agreement data. This is a type of agreement in which a financial institution becomes a “member bank” of an association. Membership in the association licenses the “member bank” to issue and/or acquire presentation instruments with the network brand of the association. The term “member bank” is used in this instance to refer to any financial institution that is a member of the association even if it is not truly a bank, for example a credit union.
Block 1956 shows that data can be stored for a customer agreement. A customer agreement is a type of agreement governing the relationship between a client of the data processor and a party that is a customer of that client. For example, a credit card agreement establishing an individual as the primary account holder of a credit card issued by ABC Bank which in turn is a client of First Data Resources.
Another type of agreement for which data can be stored is a vendor agreement as shown in block 1957. This is a type of agreement in which one party (the vendor) supplies a vendor product or service to another party (the purchaser). It may be established directly between a vendor and an organization of the data processor or it may be established between a vendor and another type of organization, e.g., a client organization. For example, it might entail an agreement between an insurance provider and a client organization to provide life insurance benefits on a customer agreement. Thus, block 1958 reflects that data for an insurance agreement can be stored. One example of an insurance agreement is a type of agreement between two or more parties formed with the intent to offer insurance products. It is used to define fees, charges, and revenue sharing arrangements.
Block 1959 reflects that data can be stored for a merchant acquirer agreement. This is a type of agreement in which an acquiring client organization agrees to acquire transactions for a merchant organization. Roles identified for this type of agreement include acquirer, merchant, and association. For example, this could be an agreement in which Financial Institution XYZ (the acquirer) agrees to acquire merchant Visa (the association) transactions for Good Food Grocery Store (the merchant).
Another type of agreement is that shown in block 1960 for a partner affiliate agreement. An example of a partner affiliate agreement might be an agreement between an issuer and another organization in which the organization (i.e., the partner affiliate) gives the customer reward(s) for using the issuer's card when making purchases from the partner affiliate. For example, this could be an agreement between an issuer and an airline company to provide bonus mileage points when the issuer's card is used to purchase an airline ticket.
Block 1961 reflects that data for a joint venture agreement can be stored on this type of system. Thus, the system can store data for an agreement by two or more parties to work on a project together. A joint venture may be formed when companies with complementary services wish to create product or service.
Block 1962 shows that data can be maintained for an issuer association agreement. This is a type of agreement in which a financial institution is licensed as a member bank of an association to issue presentation instruments with the network brand of the association. For example, this could entail an agreement between ABC Bank and Visa USA in which ABC Bank as a member bank is licensed to issue Visa credit cards. Or, it could entail an agreement between XYZ Bank and MasterCard International in which XYZ Bank is licensed to issue MasterCard credit cards.
Block 1963 shows that data can be maintained for a client agreement. A client agreement is a type of agreement in which the data processor or one of its subsidiaries contracts with another organization to provide the organization (the client) products or services of the data processor. For example, it might be a contractual agreement between First Data Resources (a data processor) and Financial Institution ABC to process credit cards issued by Financial Institution ABC. Or, it might be a contractual agreement between First Data Merchant Services, for example, and an acquiring bank to process merchant transactions generated by merchant organizations affiliated with the acquiring bank. One type of client agreement is an issuer processing agreement as shown in block 1964. This is a type of agreement in which one organization operating in the role of a processor agrees to provide account balance administration and/or other processing services for another organization that is functioning in the role of an issuer. For example it might be an agreement in which a processor provides account balance administration for credit cards issued by ABC financial institution. Or, it might be an agreement in which the processor provides statements for credit cards issued by XYZ Credit Union (the issuer). Block 1965 indicates data can be stored for an acquirer processing agreement. This is a type of agreement in which one organization operating in the role of processor agrees to process transactions for another organization that is functioning in the role of an acquirer. Thus, it could be an agreement in which First Data Resources (the processor) processes merchant transactions acquired by XYZ Financial Institution (the Acquirer).
Block 1966 shows that data can be maintained for an acquirer association agreement. This can be a type of agreement in which a financial institution is licensed as a member bank of an association to acquire presentation instrument transactions with the network brand of the association. For example, this might include an agreement in which Financial Institution ABC is established as an Acquirer for VISA transactions. Or, it might be an agreement in which Financial Institution XYZ is established as an acquirer for MasterCard transactions. Additional attributes for defining acquirer association agreements can include attributes such as an “Acquirer Association Agreement Membership Indicator” and “Acquirer Association Agreement Settlement Indicator”. The “Acquirer Association Agreement Membership Indicator” designates whether the acquirer has a direct relationship with the association. A direct relationship occurs when the acquirer has signed a legal contract with the association to do business as a member of the association. An indirect relationship occurs where the acquirer has signed a legal contract with another institution to present the transactions to the association on behalf of the acquirer. The other institution will normally have the direct relationship/membership with the association and the acquirer will have an indirect relationship to the association. The other attribute shown, the “Acquirer Association Agreement Settlement Indicator”, designates whether the acquirer has contracted with the processor to perform the settlement function for monetary transactions tied to a specific association.
In
Block 1967 shows that data specific to a merchant role can be maintained in a database entry. This is the role an organization assumes when accepting presentation instruments as payment in exchange for goods or services provided relative to a specific agreement.
Block 1968 shows that data specific to a processor role can be maintained in a database entry. This is the role a party assumes when processing information or transactions for another party based on the terms and conditions of an agreement.
Block 1969 shows that data specific to an association can be maintained in a database entry. This is the role an organization assumes as the regulatory organization governing the use of presentation instruments relative to a specific agreement. For example, this might be information specific to an association's role on a specific issuer processing agreement.
Block 1970 shows that data specific to a partner affiliate role can be maintained in a database entry. This is the role an organization assumes when collaborating with another organization for the purpose of offering multiple products or services in one medium.
Block 1971 shows that specific to a third party role can be maintained in a database entry. This is the role a party external to the processor or its clients assumes in providing product(s) and/or service(s) to the processor and/or its client(s) relative to a specific client agreement or customer agreement. For example, it might include information about a vendor's role in supplying rewards accumulated by a customer on a credit card account processed by the First Data Resources. Block 1972 further reflects data for a purchaser role. Block 1972 purchaser role and block 1973 vendor role show examples of the type of third party roles that can be defined. The purchaser role is the role a party assumes when purchasing goods or services from another party via a vendor agreement. Block 1973 reflects data for a vendor role. This is the role a party assumes on an agreement in supplying or providing a service that is critical to the fulfillment of a specific agreement. For example, this could be the role of an insurance provider for the life insurance on a customer agreement.
Block 1974 shows that data can be maintained for an expanded card merchant party role. This is the role an organization assumes as related to a merchant agreement. One attribute that can be used to further define this role is the Merchant Party Role Type Code. This represents the role assumed by the organization on a merchant agreement (e.g., merchant, acquirer (client), system bank, principal bank, agent bank, merchant headquarters, issuer (client)).
Block 1975 shows that data can be maintained for a client role. This is the role an organization assumes when contracting with a processor like First Data Corporation, for products and/or services via a client agreement.
Block 1976 shows that data can be maintained for an acquirer role. This is the role the client organization assumes by entering into an agreement with a merchant organization to acquire presentation instrument transactions generated by the merchant organization. This could be information about the role of ABC Bank as the acquirer of merchant VISA transactions for XYZ Grocery Store via an acquirer merchant agreement.
Block 1977 shows that data can be maintained for an issuer role. This is the role a client organization assumes by entering into an agreement with a party to assume the monetary risk associated with providing the party a presentation instrument or other financial instrument via a customer agreement. For example, this could be the information about the role of a bank as issuer of a commercial product on a corporate customer agreement.
Block 1978 shows that data can be maintained for a customer role. This is the role an individual or organization assumes on a customer agreement for a product and/or service provided by a client of the processor. For example, this could be information about the role of an individual who has a credit card with an issuer that is a First Data Resources client.
Block 1979 shows that data can be maintained for an individual customer role. This is the role an individual assumes on a customer agreement for an individual product or service provided by a client of the processor. For example, it could be information about the role of an individual who has a customer agreement for a credit card with an issuer that is a First Data Resources client.
Block 1980 shows that data can be stored for a corporate customer role. This is the role an organization assumes in relation to the purchase of a commercial product or service provided by a third party processor's client via a customer agreement. For example, this could be information about the role of an organization that purchases a commercial card product offered by an issuer that is an FDR client.
Block 1981 shows that data can be maintained for an applicant role. This is the role an individual or organization assumes when applying for a product and/or service offered by a client of the third party processor. For example, this could be information about the role of an individual who applies for a credit card with an issuer that is an FDR client.
In
-
- 1) a client relationship between the data processor (e.g., First Data) and XYZ Credit Union;
- 2) a customer relationship between XYZ Credit Union and ABC Company;
- 3) a customer relationship between ABC Company and individual J. Doe;
- 4) an employment relationship between XYZ Credit Union and J. Doe;
- 5) a third party relationship between the data processor (e.g., First Data) and vendor DEF Company;
- 6) a partnership relationship between XYZ Credit Union and a national book store;
- 7) a family relationship (e.g., parent to an individual, brother, or sister to an individual).
At a high level, a party to party relationship can be classified by the type of parties that participate in the relationship. Some party to party relationships can only exist between two parties that are individuals; for example, family or spouse relationships. These are referred to as individual to individual relationships. They are further described in block 1940. Other party to party relationships can only exist between two parties that are organizations; for example, subsidiary or holding company relationships. These are referred to as organization to organization relationships. Sometimes they are also referred to as business to business relationships or B2B relationships. These are depicted in block 1927. Still other party to party relationships can only exist when one party is an individual and the other party is an organization. These are classified as individual to organization relationships and are depicted in block 1923. Examples include relationships such as organization contacts and individual customer relationships. Party to party relationships that do not have restrictions or one or both types of parties are referred to as multi-typed party to party relationships. Examples include employment relationships, customer relationships, and vendor relationships. They are depicted in block 1944. In block 1908, the party to party general classification type code is the attribute that provides the capability to specify this high level categorization of a party to party relationship. It also includes values to describe organization to organization unit relationships and organization unit to organization unit relationships. It can also be set up to include individual to organization unit relationships and/or other general relationships.
Block 1908 also shows that a Party to Party Relationship Sub-Classification Type Code can be used to sub-categorize the relationships represented in each of the general classifications. For example, an organization to organization relationship might be sub-classified as one of the following: an acquirer merchant relationship, an association member bank relationship, a client relationship, a corporate customer relationship, a merchant association relationship, an organization legal structure relationship, a partnership relationship, a processor association relationship, etc. Likewise, an individual to individual relationship might be sub-classified as an individual contact relationship, a professional relationship, a personal relationship, etc. It thus provides a way to represent the specific kind of relationship that exists between two parties. For example, this could entail:
-
- Client Relationship (e.g., ABC Bank is a client of FDR)
- Customer Relationship (e.g., John Doe is a customer of ABC Bank)
- Employment Relationship (e.g., John Doe is employed by Great Foods Grocery Store)
- Partner Relationship (e.g., Toy Mart is an affiliate partner of ABC Bank)
- Third Party Relationship (e.g., ABC Bank has third party relationship with XYZ Check Printer)
- Organization Legal Structure (e.g., First Data Resources has an organizational legal structure relationship with First Data Corp.)
- Internal Organization Structure
- Individual/Family Relationship (e.g., Jane Doe has an individual or familial relationship with John Doe)
- Organization Unit Relationship (e.g., Training is a department in the Human Resources Division).
The “Party to Party Relationship Effective Date” attribute shown in block 1908 can be used to identify the date the party to party relationship is valid for use within the context of the business operations of the party that defined it. Similarly, the “Party to Party Relationship End Date” can be used to identify the last date that the party to party relationship is valid for use within the context of the business operations of the party that defined it.
The “Party to Party Relationship Participant Classification Code” is the attribute that represents a categorization of the party to party relationship based on the type of parties participating in the relationship. Values for this attribute include the following as shown in a format illustrating subject to object:
-
- Individual to Individual (e.g., for parent of child, or employee to manager)
- Individual to Organization (e.g., employee to employer organization)
- Individual to Organization Unit (e.g., John Doe to Sales Department)
- Organization to Individual (e.g., Bank XYZ to John Doe)
- Organization to Organization (e.g., First Data Resources to First Data Corp.)
- Organization to Organization Unit (e.g., ABC Credit Bureau to ABC Credit Bureau Western Region)
- Organization Unit to Individual (e.g., XYZ Law Firm to Jane Doe receptionist)
- Organization Unit to Organization (e.g., Sales Dept. to Int'l. Trucking Co.)
- Organization Unit to Organization Unit (e.g., Sales Dept. to Human Resources Dept.)
- Party to Party.
The “Party to Party Direct Relationship Indicator” attribute designates whether the service provider views the party to party relationship as a direct relationship to itself. If the relationship is a “direct” relationship, the service provider processor is a party to the relationship and/or the agreement that established it. If the relationship is an “indirect” relationship, the processor is not a party to the relationship. In the case of an “indirect” relationship, the processor has knowledge of the relationship because it is needed to do processing on behalf of the service provider.
Block 1923 shows that data can be stored for an individual to organization relationship. This is a type of party to party relationship that represents a relationship between an individual and an organization. Knowledge of this relationship can be used by a service provider to carry out business operations for itself or on behalf of its clients. An “Individual to Organization Relationship Classification Type Code” can be used to represent a high level of categorization of the type of relationship that exists between an individual and an organization. Block 1924 shows that data can be maintained for an organization contact relationship. This is a type of party to party relationship in which an individual serves as a business contact for an organization. Block 1925 illustrates that data can also be maintained for an individual customer relationship. This is a type of party to party relationship that represents the business relationship established by an individual with a client of the data processor for products or services offered by the client organization.
Block 1926 shows that data can be maintained for a customer relationship. This is a type of party to party relationship that represents a business relationship established by an individual or organization with a client of the service provider, in the case of a third party processor, or the service provider themselves, for products or services.
Block 1927 shows that data can be maintained for an organization to organization relationship. This is a type of party to party relationship that represents a business to business relationship. For example it could be a partnership relationship between two organizations. This information can be used by the service provider to carry out business operations for itself or on behalf of its clients. As shown in block 1928, a corporate customer relationship is one type of organization to organization relationship. A corporate customer relationship is a type of party to party relationship that represents the business relationship established when an organization contracts with a service provider for commercial products or services offered by the service provider or a client of the service provider as in the case of a third party processor. Block 1929 shows an acquirer merchant relationship. This is a type of party to party relationship that identifies a merchant organization as a merchant acting in the role of the acquirer of credit card transactions. Block 1930 shows a merchant association relationship. This is a type of party to party relationship in which a merchant organization establishes a relationship with an association to accept presentation instruments that use the network brand of the association.
Block 1931 shows that data can be maintained for an organization's legal structure relationship. This is a type of party to party relationship that represents the legal relationship that exists between two organizations based on their organizational structure as chartered or filed with a governmental organization (e.g., a relationship between a parent company and a subsidiary company). Block 1932 illustrates that data is maintained for a client relationship. This is a type of party to party relationship that represents a direct business relationship established by an organization with the data processor (or one of its subsidiaries) via a contractual agreement for products or services of the data processor (e.g., the client relationship between FDR and ABC Bank (an issuer) for FDR to process credit line accounts issued by ABC Bank).
Block 1933 shows that data can be maintained for an association member bank relationship. This is a type of party to party relationship that represents a financial institution's participation as a member in an association. Furthermore, block 1934 shows that data can be maintained for an acquirer association relationship. This is a type of party to party relationship established between an acquirer and an association. Similarly, block 1935 shows that data can be maintained for an issuer association relationship. This is a type of party to party relationship established between an issuer and an association.
Another type of organization to organization relationship is a partnership relationship shown in block 1936. This is a type of party to party relationship that represents the business relationship established when one organization collaborates with another organization in business according to the terms and conditions of a partnership agreement.
Block 1938 shows that data can be maintained for an organization to organization unit relationship. This is a type of party to party relationship that represents relationships between an organization and an organization unit. Knowledge of this relationship can be utilized by the service provider to carry out business operations for itself or on behalf of its clients, as in the case of a third party processor.
Block 1939 shows that data can be maintained for an organization unit relationship. This is a relationship, association, or affiliation between two organization units within the same organization. Knowledge of this relationship is used by the data processor to carry out business operations for itself or on behalf of its clients. Although this relationship could be used to establish non-hierarchical relationships between the organizational units, it can be used to define hierarchical relationships between them, e.g., levels within the organization.
Block 1940 shows that data can be maintained for an individual to individual relationship. This is a type of party to party relationship that represents an individual, familial, or professional relationship between two individuals. Knowledge of this relationship is useful to the service provider to carry out business operations for itself or on behalf of its clients, as in the case of a third party processor. Block 1941 shows an individual contact relationship. This is a type of party to party relationship in which one individual functions as a contact person for another individual. For example, Don Jones is an emergency contact for Mary Smith. The professional relationship shown in block 1942 is a type of party to party relationship in which the two individuals have a business or professional relationship, e.g., doctor/patient or attorney/client. The personal relationship of block 1943 is a type of party to party relationship in which one individual has a personal or familial relationship with another individual, e.g., John Doe is married to Mary Doe.
Block 1944 shows that data can be maintained for multi-typed party to party relationships. This is a type of party to party relationship that is not restricted to two single participant types. For example, an employment relationship—the employer could be an individual or an organization. Types of multi-typed party to party relationships can include a third party relationship, a customer relationship, and an employment relationship.
Block 1945 shows that data can be maintained for a third party relationship. This is a type of party to party relationship that exists between the service provider and/or a client of the service provider, as in the case of a third party processor, and another party that is critical to the business operations of the service provider. One example of this is a vendor relationship as shown in block 1946. A vendor relationship is a type of party to party relationship established via a vendor agreement. It may be established directly between a vendor and an organization of the data processor or it may be established between a vendor and another type of organization (e.g., with a client organization). Block 1947 shows data for a customer relationship. This is a type of party to party relationship that represents a business relationship established by an individual or organization with a client of a data processor for products or services offered by the client organization.
Block 1948 shows that data can be maintained for an employment relationship. This is a type of party to party relationship in which an individual is employed by another individual, organization, or organizational unit, e.g., Jane Doe is an employee of Mary Jones. Types of employment relationships can include an individual employee relationship, a contract employee relationship, or a corporate employee relationship. The individual employee relationship is shown by block 1949. This is a type of party to party relationship in which one individual works for another individual for compensation. Block 1950 illustrates a contract employee relationship, which is a type of party to party relationship in which an individual is hired by an individual, organization, or organization unit as a consultant or contractor instead of as an employee. Finally, block 1951 illustrates a corporate employee relationship. This is a type of party to party relationship in which an individual is employed by an organization or organization unit.
Account Subject Area
A more detailed view of the account subject area can be seen by reference to
An entry can be established for each account managed by a service provider which is stored in the database 2004. For the service provider to keep track of each account that it deals with, an identifier can be generated to identify each particular account. In the case of an account managed by the service provider, an account internal identifier can be generated
In addition to the “Account Internal Identifier” used to identify each account entry, additional information can be stored for each account managed by the service provider. For example, an “Account Client Identifier” can be stored as part of the entry. This attribute identifies which client of the service provider issued the account. For example, it could identify an account as a Bank One credit card account. Another data attribute that can be used as part of the account entry could be an “Account Client Controlled Identifier” which allows the client to assign their own identifier for the account which is unique within the context of that specific client's portfolio. Yet another data attribute that can be used as part of the entry is an “Account Authorization Prohibited Indicator”, so as to indicate whether authorization is prohibited for the account. Similarly, an “Account Bankruptcy Indicator” code can be used as part of the entry to indicate whether the account is associated with a bankruptcy proceeding. Another code that can be used is an “Account Charged Off Indicator”. This code can be used to indicate whether the account has been charged off.
An “Account Credit Balance Indicator” can be used as part of the data stored in an account database to indicate whether the account has a credit balance. Similarly, an “Account Delinquent Balance Indicator” can be used to indicate whether the party associated with the account is delinquent in some manner. Also, an “Account Frozen Indicator” can be associated as part of the entry to indicate whether the account has been frozen by the service provider, the client of the data processor, or a government authority. The “Account Open Indicator” can be used to indicate whether the account is open or closed. Furthermore, the “Account Original Open Date” can be used to indicate when the account was originally opened. The “Account Overlimit Balance Indicator” can be used to indicate whether the account balance is overlimit. This could be used for example in the case of a credit card account.
The “Account Revoked Indicator” can be used as part of the account entry to indicate whether the account has been revoked. Furthermore, the “Close Inactive Account Code” can be used to indicate whether an inactive account is closed or is to be closed. Other codes can be used as well to characterize the account. However, it is not necessary that all of the above attributes be used for any particular account. Rather, some attributes may lend themselves to use by special sub-types of accounts.
Block diagram 2000 shows examples of a variety of accounts that can be used under the system. For example, block 2012 indicates that data for a credit line account can be managed. A credit line account is a type of account based on an agreement for a financial institution to provide a customer with an open-ended line of credit that may be used repeatedly (e.g., revolves) up to a certain limit. Examples of credit line accounts are a commercial card account, an oil account, and a retail account. Another type of account is a loan account 2013. A loan account is a type of account that is established for a loan or a closed-end credit sale agreement in which the amounts advanced, plus any finance charges, are expected to be repaid in full over a definite period of time. Examples of a loan account are a property loan account and a vehicle loan account. Another type of account is a PI acceptor account as shown in block 2014. This is a type of account is based on an agreement to provide acquiring services for a Merchant. Other types of account include a check verification account 2015, a transfer account 2016, and a suspense account 2017. A transfer account is a type of account that is established to record a request for and the completion of a transfer of an item of monetary value between two points. A suspense account is an account created to manage transactions that need to be evaluated for fraud before allocating to an account balance.
Also shown in system 2000 are types of commercial card accounts, such as fleet account 2018, purchasing account 2019, travel and expense account 2020, individual bill account, 2021, consolidated bill account 2099, control account 2022, and sub account 2023.
Yet another type of account shown in system 2000 is service account 2024. A service account can be a type of account that is based on an agreement for a non-financial product. Examples shown for the service account are lease account, reservation account, telecom account, cell phone account, transit account, and utility account.
Still another type of account is the insurance account 2026. An insurance account is a type of account based on an agreement between parties whereby in return for payment of premiums, one party will compensate the other party for (generally unexpected) losses. Examples of insurance accounts are a health policy account, a life insurance account, and a property and casualty account.
The final example of a type of account shown in system 2000 is a deposit account 2025. A deposit account is a type of account based on an agreement for a product that is funded by customer deposits. Examples of deposit accounts are a demand deposit account, an investment account, a loyalty program account, a prepaid account, a savings account, and a PI liability account (e.g., a PI liability account could be an account set up by an organization to track its liability for one or more presentation instruments whose values are not tied to a particular customer account or an account party relationship).
In
An account to account relationship can be further defined by an “Account to Account Relationship Effective Date” and an “Account to Account Relationship End Date”. This allows the entry for the relationship to define when the relationship is in effect and when it is not in effect.
Examples of account to account relationships that can be identified by the account to account relationship type code are shown in block 2028 as account diversion, account transfer, and account reserve deposit account. These types of accounts can be further defined by additional attributes. For example, the account diversion relationship can be further described by an “Account Diversion Default Code”. Similarly, the account transfer relationship can be further described by an “Account Transfer Forward Posting Indicator”.
The account to account relationship entries can be operated on by a business rules database to execute the actions of each relationship. For example, at the appropriate time, the business rules can access the account diversion entries and identify the account to which the posting of individual transactions are posted. These business rules also indicate whether or not it is appropriate to post a given transaction to both accounts in the relationship.
Block 2030 illustrates how multiple accounts can be bundled together for purposes of account portfolio securitization. This allows formation of a group of accounts bundled or pooled together in the form of a bond. The “Account Internal Identifiers” are associated with an “Account Portfolio Securitization Identifier” so as to identify the bundle of accounts. Furthermore, an “Account Portfolio Securitization Pooling Description Text” can be used as an attribute for the entry that is created.
The account database can also be used to facilitate account groups as shown in the account group block 2034. An account group is a collection of accounts created so that they can be treated or processed as a group. System 2000 shows a financial institution, such as one of the service provider's clients as establishing the account group. An “Account Group Identifier” is generated by the service provider so that the service provider can identify the account group internally. Furthermore, additional attributes can be associated with each account group, such as an “Account Group Type Code” to identify a specific category of account groups. Another attribute that might be included is an “Account Group Description Text” attribute.
Examples of account groups shown in block 2034 are an account household group, an account management group, an account report group, an asset management account group, and a commercial card account group. An account household group can be, for example, an account group composed of some or all of the accounts belonging to individuals in a single household. An account management group can be a set of accounts that have selected properties maintained and/or general business processes invoked as a group. An account report group can be a type of account group created so that accounts can be attached and reported as a group. An asset management account group can be a type of account group created so that accounts of different account types belonging to one party can be reported as a group. A commercial card account group could be a grouping of accounts created to assist an organization in managing their spending.
Block 2040 illustrates one way in which accounts can be assigned to an account group. In block 2040, an “Account Internal Identifier” is retrieved from the account database represented by account block 2004 and associated with an “Account Group Identifier” from the account group database block 2034. In addition to the attributes, additional attributes can be assigned, such as a start date, an end date, an override indicator, and a role code.
Block 2048 illustrates how one can define accounts that qualify to be in one of the types of accounts shown in block 2034. Thus, qualification criteria represented by, for example, “Account Group Qualification Value Text”, “Account Group Qualification Percent Rate”, and “Account Group Qualification Maximum Number” can be used as qualification criteria to determine which accounts are to be added or removed from a particular account group. These criteria can be acted upon by business rules to determine the accounts that satisfy the criteria or that do not satisfy the criteria.
Block 2044 indicates that account groups themselves can be grouped as super groups of accounts. This is accomplished by building groups composed of established groups. Thus, for example, all the commercial card accounts in Omaha, Nebr. for Bank ABC can be grouped as one account group. Furthermore, all the commercial card accounts in Nebraska for Bank ABC can be grouped by grouping all the lower level groups, such as the previously established group of accounts in Omaha for Bank ABC. This grouping of other groups can be given an “Account Group Structure Level Name”.
Also shown in system 2000 is a collateral block 2008. The system can be configured to associate a piece of collateral with an account. Thus codes can be assigned to identify the collateral and link it with an “Account Internal Identifier” for an account.
Similarly, block 2027 shows a block indicating Fraud/Collections. This block allows the system to perform fraud monitoring and collection services. A particular account can be linked by “Account Internal Identifier” with a case queue that allows the case to be operated on by a fraud investigator or collection agent.
Transaction Subject Area
A transaction is a collection of data about business actions or events that impact implied financial worth, cause movement of funds from one account to another, and/or impact non-financial properties (e.g., names, addresses, requests for new plastics). It can include data used for the management, administration, and tracking of these transactions from their point of origin through the final settlement, publication, or completion of the action or event. A more detailed view of the transaction subject area can be seen by referring to
System 2100 shows transaction block 2104 for storing various types of transactions. Each transaction can be identified by a unique internal transaction identifier. This is an identifier that can be generated by the service provider's data processing system and assigned to the data for the transaction so as to form a transaction entry. The internal identifier allows the data processor to track and utilize the transaction entry. Thus, for example, the internal transaction identifier can be stored as part of each database entry.
Different types of transactions can be stored by the transaction database. Each of the transaction sub-types will have attributes which are common (i.e., the Transaction Internal Identifier) and may have attributes which are unique to the transaction type. System 2100 (
Furthermore, block 2118 indicates that data for an allocation transaction can be stored. Block 2119 indicates that data for a payment transaction can be stored and block 2120 indicates that data for a funds transfer can be stored. In addition, block 2121 indicates that data for an assessment transaction can be stored which may have two or more sub-types, such as a fee assessment in block 2122 or an interest assessment in block 2123. Furthermore, block 2124 indicates that data for other internal transactions can be stored.
Block 2125 (
Block 2130 (
By relating the various transactions in this way, a large amount of data storage can be saved as well as a significant amount of processing time. Instead of creating a master record that includes every possible type of relationship between two transactions, the transaction entries can be kept quite simple. Then, by virtue of the transaction relationship database, the history of the transaction can be tracked. Since not all sales will be reversed, it would be a waste of data storage to create an entry for every sale that provides the option of indicating whether the sale was reversed. Rather, the sale transaction can be associated to the reversal transaction via the transaction relationship database—instead of creating a larger master record with unused fields as in existing systems using static file structures.
By repeatedly querying the transaction relationship database, one can track the lineage of a transaction's relationships. For example, for a sale, the original sale can be associated to a chargeback transaction. Similarly, the chargeback can be queried from the transaction relationship database to show that the chargeback is related to the sale as well as a reversal transaction. Thus, a service provider can obtain the successive transactions that originate from the original transaction, or vice versa, by repeatedly querying the transaction relationship database to acquire the next step in the lineage.
Block 2156 (
Yet another level of detail can be provided for each of these examples of transaction addendums by storing another level of detail for each transaction addendum, as shown in block 2164 labeled the transaction addendum detail item. For example, a greater level of detail can be recorded for a particular item bought at a convenience store as part of the fleet addendum item block 2165. As another example, for a travel addendum, transaction information can be stored for a particular leg of a trip as part of a travel leg addendum item in block 2166. Similarly, data can be stored for a retail addendum item in block 2167 or for a purchase card addendum item in block 2168.
Block 2140 illustrates how data for the status of a transaction can be maintained and tracked. A transaction status is the state or condition of a transaction at a particular point in time. For example, a general transaction can be presented, rejected, posted, outstanding, unmatched, settled, charged off, cancelled, suspended, or distributed. Similarly, an authorization transaction can be requested, received, approved, declined, transferred, matched, not matched, archived, or cancelled. Depending on the point in time, the transaction will have a different status. Thus, block 2140 provides a mechanism to assign the status of a transaction at different points in time. This can be accomplished by retrieving the internal transaction identifier assigned to a transaction entry from block 2104 and associating it with a transaction status code. The transaction status code will identify the status of the transaction. The internal transaction identifier and the transaction status code can be stored together in a transaction status database. Additional attributes can be stored as part of the transaction status entry, as well. For example, a “Transaction Status Timestamp” can be stored as part of the entry for the transaction to generally indicate the point in time that the transaction achieved the status represented by the transaction status code.
Block 2150 shows a mechanism for recording further information for a transaction status. Namely, a “Transaction Status Reason Code” can be maintained about a transaction status entry. The transaction status reason code can be used to indicate the reason why a transaction was placed in a certain state. Thus, a transaction status reason entry can be stored in the database represented by block 2150. In addition, an attribute on the transaction status reason database can be used to store transaction status reason description text. This descriptive text attribute can be used to store information describing in more detail the reason why the transaction was placed in a particular status.
Block 2170 shows how format specification data for a transaction entry can be stored. The format data describes the format of an incoming or outgoing transaction. It can do this using a “Transaction Format Type Code”. Thus, an internal transaction identifier can be retrieved from the transaction database and assigned a transaction format type code. The transaction format type code can be assigned to any one of many different types of formats. For example, the format code could indicate that the transaction is stored in International Standards Organization (ISO) format. Or, the format code could indicate that the transaction is stored in MasterCard, VISA, or American Express format for those respective types of transactions. Similarly, the format code could indicate an internal format used by the service provider. In the case of First Data Resources, for example, this might be an internal First Data format. Alternatively, the format code might indicate a different private label format that can be specified by one of the service provider's clients, as in the case of a third party processor.
Block 2171 shows that the data for the different formats can be stored as individual entries. Thus, block 2171 can store the data defining different types of codes while block 2170 can be used to associate each code with a particular transaction entry. This also allows a single transaction to be manipulated so that it can be used in different formats. Thus, a service provider might choose to store a transaction in a format as required by one of the merchant organizations and then store the transaction that is more logical to the service provider's data processing system. This allows the service provider to maintain the transaction data in the format required by the merchant organization while also allowing the service provider to use the same transaction data in a format that is more readily accessible by the service provider's internal systems.
The transaction information stored in block 2104 will ultimately need to be routed to other locations within the system or to external systems. For example, a transaction for a retail sale can be routed to the balance administration site. Or, an address change transaction can be routed to the communication point site. Similarly, inbound retrieval request can be routed to chargeback/return site. This can be accomplished by associating a functional module message format as shown in block 2135 with a transaction internal identifier from block 2104. The coupling of the functional module message format and the transaction internal identifier can be stored in the transaction routing rule block 2134 as a transaction routing rule definition. Thus, this provides an association that describes for a transaction and a functional module message format the formats and attributes required for routing a message.
Block 2154 illustrates how batch information for performing batch processing of transactions can be implemented. This database stores information about a non-interactive process in which multiple transactions are bundled together and submitted for processing as a whole. The batch process can be defined through different attributes which are grouped with a “Transaction Batch Identifier”. This transaction batch identifier can then be retrieved from block 2154 and assigned to each of the individual entries in block 2104. This allows the same batch process to be assigned to many different transactions in database 2104.
Product Subject Area
One of the disadvantages of prior data processing systems implemented by data processors on behalf of their clients has been the inability of the clients to use the data processing system to design products according to each client's own specifications. Rather, clients have been required to work with set terms and conditions in many instances that prevent the client from tailoring a product to the client's desired configuration. According to one embodiment of the invention, the product subject area of the data processing system described herein can be used to allow clients to design a new product with a great deal of flexibility. Furthermore, according to one embodiment of the invention, the same product system can be used to design products for different clients across a wide range of product lines.
Data defining each product line can be stored in a database as a product line entry. Thus, an internal identifier can be generated by the service provider and assigned to data defining a particular product line. The internal identifier can be referred to as the product line identifier and assigned to a set of attributes so as to create the product line entry. For example, a product line description text attribute can be used to hold text that describes a particular product line. Similarly, a product line name attribute can be used to assign a name to each entry that serves as a shorthand reference for the product line
Product lines can be categorized with more particularity through the use of product classifications. A product classification is a sub-classification of the product line and can be defined by the service provider. For example, if the product line is telecom, one product classification can be domestic cellular types of products, while another product classification can be broadband types of products. A third product classification can be long distance telecom products. Each are sub-classifications within the telecom product line. To create a product classification entry, an internal “Product Classification Identifier” is generated by the service provider. This can be a simple code recognizable by the data processor for conducting internal processing by the service provider. Also, a “Product Classification Description Text” attribute can be associated with the product classification identifier so as to describe in more particularity the product classification. Similarly, a “Product Classification Name” attribute can be assigned to the entry as a way of easily recognizing the product classification by the service provider. Furthermore, the “Product Line Identifier” to which the product classification applies can be included as part of the database entry. Multiple product classifications can likely be created for individual product lines.
System 2200 illustrates a block 2204 for storing information for a data element. A data element is an elementary type of information that can be used to define a parameter of a potential product being offered by a service provider (or by a third party data processor acting in the mode of a service provider). The data element can be defined by a third party data processor—in which case it would be a processor defined data element. It can also be defined by the service provider—in which case it would be considered a service provider defined data element. Examples of a data element are a VIP Indicator for a credit card account or an Annual Fee Amount for a service agreement. Typically, the data elements will be given generic names so that they can be used in a variety of different product lines. Thus, a data element for a Customer Name can apply to a customer of a restaurant, a client of a law firm, a patient of a doctor, a lessee of an apartment complex, and an insured of an insurance company, as well as others. Thus, the generic title Customer Name can be used to describe the data element without being specific to any one of those industries.
Policies can also be stored by the data processing system. A policy defines a rule or behavior for a product. For example, it can be used to define an annual fee policy for an account. Thus, it describes how the product's policies will be implemented. Block 2208 is where policies are stored. Each entry for a policy can be assigned an internal policy identifier and policy name. As was the case for data elements, policies can also be generic so that they apply to many different products without being limited to any specific industry.
While data elements and policies may be recognizable by the information technologists which works frequently in inputting and defining the data elements and policies, they may not be so readily understandable by a service provider using the data processing system. Since one embodiment of the invention will allow the service provider to create their own product specifications using the data processing system, the names of the data elements and policies need to be more readily understood by a specific service provider. Thus, block 2212 can be used to allow the service provider to assign more product line specific names to a particular data element or policy. This can be accomplished by generating an internal “Component Identifier” for each component entry. This allows a component entry to be accessed and identified by the data processing system. The “Data Element Identifier” can be retrieved from the data element database in 2204 and associated with the component identifier. Furthermore, a more user-friendly component name can be assigned as the component name attribute and associated with the component identifier as an entry in the component database 2212. This allows the service provider to assign names to individual data elements that can be understood more readily by their business users when working with the system. For example, in the case of the data element Customer Name, this data element can be assigned the title Patient Name so that a healthcare client designing a product can readily recognize the data element—since people in the healthcare industry tend to think in terms of patients as opposed to clients or customers.
Thus, a single data element can be associated with many different components. Again, in the case of the data element Customer Name, a first component entry could be stored with the component name of Patient Name, a second component entry could be stored with the component name of Lessee Name, and a third component entry could be stored with the component name of Insured Name. While each component entry would have the same underlying characteristics, it would be referred to by a name that the industry specific business users of the service provider could understand when designing the product for a particular industry. This applies to policies, as well. Policies can be associated with many different entries in the component database so as to allow each policy to be renamed in a way which makes them more readily recognizable by someone who is familiar with a particular industry, product line, or product classification.
In addition to renaming data elements and policies by creating entries in the component database 2212, one embodiment of the system provides a further degree of definition. Namely, block 2216 illustrates that a component can be associated with a product classification. This is useful in that it allows the data processor to create a subset of components that are often used in developing a product for a certain product classification. For example, anytime a service provider desires to develop a MasterCard credit card product, a core set of components can be quickly identified by the technology staff that will be used by the business users of the service provider in developing that product. To implement this embodiment of the invention, the service provider can retrieve the “Product Classification Identifier” for a particular product classification and retrieve a “Component Identifier” from the component database. The service provider can then save these together as an entry in the database represented by block 2216 and assign a “Product Classification Component Identifier”. The “Product Classification Component Identifier” is an internal identifier that can be generated by the service provider to allow the data processing system to process or identify the entries stored on the processing system. Block 2216 is thus useful in assisting the service provider to easily access those components that are relevantto a specific product line or classification.
The development of a product can begin by the service provider that uses the data processing system, identifying a product that they would like to develop. This information can then be stored in block 2232. Block 2232 shows that a product can be comprised of different attributes. For example, a “Product Identifier” can be generated by the data processing system or so as to allow the product entry to be easily identified by the processing system. This internal “Product Identifier” can be associated with attributes like a product name, such as “Bank ABC Visa Gold Card Credit Line.” Furthermore, “Product Description Text” can be used to further define the product with text.
In some instances, one might choose to further define the product with a product version. This would allow the service provider to design several similar products and market them on a trial basis. The various terms and conditions or characteristics of the product would vary—typically, they would vary only slightly—and the service provider could thus offer the product versions on a test basis before settling on the desired version. Block 2236 shows how this could be implemented. For example, the “product Identifier” from database 2232 could be associated with a “Product Version Identifier”. This association could be stored on the database represented by block 2236. The “Product Version Identifier” would be an internal identifier generated by the data processing system for use in retrieving a specific version of a product. Additional attributes that could be stored on the product version database include: “Product Version Description Text”, “Product Version Effective Date”, and “Product Version Expiration Date”. The “Product Version Description Text” allows one to further describe the version by storing a textual description. The “Product Version Effective Date” and “Product Version Expiration Date” allow the client to define when the version will be in effect.
To develop a product, the service provider is allowed to select the components (i.e., data elements and policies) that are needed to define the product. This can be done in a variety of ways. For example, the data processing system could present all of the possible components for viewing by the service provider. This would likely be an overwhelming amount of data. Therefore, the service provider might make use of the product classification system and retrieve only those components that have been associated with a particular product classification as shown in block 2216. This would allow the data processing system to retrieve only those components that are typically used for a particular product classification—such as a MasterCard credit card, for example.
After the various components are displayed by component name, the user can select the components that are desired. These components can then be stored as product components for a specific product or product version. To accomplish this, the “Component Identifier” can be associated with either the “Product Identifier” or “Product Version Identifier”. This association establishes a relationship indicating that the component is a component used in the product associated with the product identifier, for example, or with the product version associated with the “Product Version Identifier”. This process can be repeated so that the product component database represented by block 2220 accumulates all the components selected by the service provider for a product. To print out the specification for the product, one would merely reference the product component database and retrieve the entries associated with that product identifier.
The system also allows the service provider to rename a component at this stage. While the component database was intended to provide a more user friendly name for data elements and policies, service providers will likely want to refine the names of components even further. The “Product Component Name” attribute allows them to do this. This attribute can be defined by the client and saved as part of the product component entry. Furthermore, “Product Component Description Text” can be stored as an attribute for each entry. Also, a “Product Component Expiration Date” can be maintained for the entry.
Block 2240 illustrates that a campaign offering can be related to the product system. Normally in a campaign offering, not all of the product components will be publicized. For example, in a credit card offering, consumers normally care most about interest rate and annual fees. Not all of the details of the product are spelled out in the advertising of the product. To determine which product components are publicized, those components can be associated with the campaign database so that generation of mailers can automatically determine which features of the product to put in the campaign materials.
Thus, one embodiment of the product system allows the service provider to develop new products across many different industries. Service providers can readily choose all the elements of a product that they want to offer rather than being constrained by predetermined elements that are forced on them by the data processing system. Furthermore, the data processing system can be implemented to service many different industries rather than being tied to specific industries. This provides a great deal of flexibility in servicing a wide range of service providers within various industries.
Communication Point Subject Area
Referring to
A geographic communication point can be specifically defined by a data entry which can include: an “Address Type Code”, an “Address Category Code”, a “Valid Address Code”, an “Address Validation Code”, a “Universal Addressing Country Rule Use Code”, an “Address Country Code”, an “Address Postal Code”, an “Address Delivery Point Code”, an “Address Country First Subdivision Identifier”, an “Address City Name”, an “Address First Line Text”, an “Address Second Line of Text”, an “Address Third Line of Text”, an “Address Fourth Line of Text”, an “Address Attention Line Text”, an “Address Company Name”, an “Address House Number Text”, an “Address Street Name”, an “Address PO Box Number Text”, an “Address House Building Name”, an “Address Mailing Facility Proximity Code”, an “Address History Retention Code”, an “Address Expiration Reason Code”, an “Address Maintenance Timestamp”, an “Address Stop Code Text”, a “Geographic Communication Point Internal Mail Code”, and a “Geographic Location Facility Code”. Not all of these fields need to be defined in order to define a geographic communication point.
Similarly, a LAN address entry can be defined by appropriate data such as for IPv4 or IPv6. Furthermore, an email address can be defined with “Electronic Mail Address Text” and “Electronic Mail Address Status Indicator”. A telephone number can be defined with “Communication Text” and a “Telephone Display Format Code”, as yet another example.
A more detailed view of the interaction between the account, party, and communication subject areas can be seen by referring to
The Party Communication Point relationship database 130 receives internal identifiers from both the Party database and the Communication Point database to establish an associative relationship between the entries associated with those internal identifiers. Thus, a communication point for a particular party is established. Associating Party and Communication Point in this manner allows a great deal flexibility and simplified communication point management. For example a single communication point can be related to many parties and a single party can inform the service provider of many different communication points, of varying types, that can be used to communicate with it. All communication points are typically created and regulated by some issuing body (Geographic—Local Governmental Agencies, Electronic—Internet Service Provider, Telephone—Telephone Service Provider, etc.) which periodically dictates maintenance changes (i.e. zip code changes, street name changes, area code changes, etc.). The implementation of mandated changes is easily accomplished due to the fact that each communication point occurs only once in the system. Additional information can also be added to this associative relationship. For example,
-
- 1) A “Party Communication Point Contact Prohibited Code” to indicate whether that communication point may be used to contact a party;
- 2) an “Party Communication Point Effective Date” to indicate the date upon which the communication point becomes active for that party and therefore can be used by the service provider to communicate with it;
- 3) an “Party Communication Point Effective End Date” to indicate the date upon which the communication point is no longer valid for that party and therefore cannot be used by the service provider to communicate with it;
- 4) a “Party Communication Point Prioritization Sequence Number” used to prioritize the possible means of communicating with a customer;
- 5) a “Party Communication Point Relationship Type Code” which is a code that represents the Party's view of their relationship to a specific communication point at a specific point in time, e.g., “HOME” for a home address, “EMPL” for an employer's address, “TMVA” for a temporary vacation address, and “BUSN” for a business;
- 6) a “Party Communication Point Solicitation Sode” which can be used to determine privacy preferences for a party communication point.
These data fields allow a great deal of functionality to be accomplished with the architecture beyond that which can be accomplished with traditional systems. For example, with the “Party Communication Point Contact Prohibited” field, one can completely bar contact with the party at that communication point—for example, don't email me at my home email address.
Similarly, by providing effective dates for a communication point, a great deal of flexibility can be established in regard to where and when communications may be sent to a party during the year. For example, billing statements can be sent to a party at a vacation home communication point in Arizona during the winter months and sent to a home address in Nebraska during the remainder of the year. The “Party Communication Point Effective Date” and “Party Communication Point Effective End Date” would be used to determine when the billing statements, for example, can be sent to the Arizona address. A second entry in the Party Communication Point relationship database would be used to determine when the communication can be sent to the Nebraska address.
The “Party Communication Point Solicitation Code” can be used to indicate whether the party can be solicited at that communication point. With the enactment of new privacy legislation, it is beneficial for service providers to be able to track whether the party can be solicited at a particular communication point. This “solicitation code” field in the Party Communication Point relationship database can thus be used to determine whether the party has opted in for solicitation; or alternatively, it can be used to determine whether the party has opted out of being solicited under a different configuration. Under either configuration, the party's preferences can be tracked. For example, under an opt-in configuration, the field might initially be set to “no solicitation” as a default until the party affirmatively opts in and the field is changed to reflect that fact.
While the Party Communication Point relationship database 130 associates a particular party with a particular communication point, instruction is still required as to what data or tasks are to be directed to that party at that communication point. This function can be accomplished by the interrelationship between the communication point usage database 1608, account party role database 120, and the party communication point database 130.
The communication point usage database can be used to define the types of correspondence that are produced that can be sent to a communication point. For example, it can include a “Business Process Output Type Code” to represent the type of correspondence sent to a party. Examples of this type code include “BLL1” for billing correspondence, “PLST” for correspondence relating to plastics (e.g., plastic credit cards), “MALR” for plastic mailer, and “LTTR” for letters, “STMT” for statements.
Another example of a field accessible through Communication Point Usage database 1608 is a “Paper Stop Effective Date”. This field stores the date that the customer indicated it was acceptable to stop generating correspondence in the form of paper. Thus, this helps to satisfy laws that require that paper statements be sent unless the customer indicates that such paper statements do not need to be sent—in lieu of on-line access or electronic mailings, for example.
Another field that is accessible through the Communication Point Usage database 1608 is the “Business Process Output Generation Media Code”. This code determines how output related to a business function will be generated. For example, the following codes could be used, where “Y” is the default code:
-
- “Y”=electronic and paper will be produced;
- “N”=paper will not be produced;
- “L”=electronic and paper will be produced, paper should be turned off.
The Communication Point Usage database 1608 itself helps to define delivery instructions for correspondence that could be communicated to a Party that has a role on an Account. For example, the following fields can be used: “Communication Point Usage End Date”, “Communication Point Usage Classification Code”, “Communication Point Usage Effective Date”, “Communication Point Usage Proximity Indicator”, “Communication Point Delivery Method Code”, “Communication Point Plastic Delivery Update Code”, and “Communication Point Electronic Provider Identifier”.
The “Communication Point Usage end Date” is the date that a communication point is no longer effective for an account party role and business process. The communication point usage classification code is the period of time that the communication point will be used. This field is used in conjunction with the “Correspondence Type Code” to determine which address within a specific correspondence type code will be used to deliver correspondence. For example, the following values can be used: “P” for permanent, “R” for repeating, indicating that the address applies for a recurring and specific time period, “T” for temporary, indicating that the address is effective for a short time period, usually in the context of sending a replacement plastic to a vacation address.
The “Communication Point Usage Effective Date” is the date that a communication point is effective for an account party role and business process. The “Communication Point Usage Proximity Indicator” is the value used to determine if the communication point and the mailing facility are in the same country when used for an account party role and business process. The “Communication Point delivery Method Code” determines how the plastic will be mailed to the customer (e.g., first class mail, Airborne, FedEx, registered mail, or certified mail). The “Communication Point Plastic Delivery Update Code” is a code that determines the process available to the issuer for changing the mail code. Finally, the “Communication Point Electronic Provider Identifier” can be an identifier for an electronic correspondence provider (e.g., “5001”=“Billpay.com”).
Also shown in block 1608 are sub-unit blocks labeled “Bulk Usage” and “Single Unit Usage”. Coupled with the “Bulk Usage” block is an external Bulk Mail block 1616. This block helps to further define bulk mailing functions, such as when plastics for a group of people are first sent to an intermediary. The intermediary can perform a check of the individual envelopes in which the individual plastics are enclosed before depositing the individual envelopes in the mail. Another example of bulk mail delivery is where a group of envelopes are sent to an intermediary when the local postal service is unreliable (for example, in third world countries). The Bulk Mail block 1616 includes fields for a “Bulk Mail Identifier”, a “Bulk Mail Descriptive Text”, a “Bulk Mail Sealed Envelope Indicator”, and a “Bulk Mail Metered Mail Indicator”.
Communication Delivery Instructions block 1620 helps define further delivery instructions that can be assigned to a specific business process output type of communication for a specific party playing a role on an account by providing fields for a “Delivery Detail Identifier”, a “Delivery Provider Code”, a “Delivery Mode Code”, a “Saturday Delivery Indicator”, a “Delivery Signature Required Indicator”, a “Hold At Courier Indicator”, a “Special Delivery Instruction Text”, and a “Party Contact Phone Type Code”.
Also shown in
Presentation Instrument Subject Area
A presentation instrument is a catalyst to initiate financial or non-financial transactions. It is customarily envisioned as a number such as a credit card number for example. However, it is not required to be a number. A presentation instrument device is a physical or virtual container used to store information of one or more presentation instruments. The PI device allows the owner convenient and secure use of one or more PI's and may be issued for single-use or multiple use. For example, multi-application smart cards can store multiple credit card numbers (PI's). Furthermore, such smart cards can be issued to both a husband and a wife on the same account to provide for multiple users. As another example, the smart card could be loaded with loyalty account data that can be redeemed only once (single use) or multiple times (multiple use). Under traditional systems, the presentation instrument and the presentation instrument device were considered the same thing. The present architecture allows the data for the presentation instrument and the presentation instrument device to be separated.
A PI Account Party Role PIN database 1712 is shown related to the PI Account Party Role database 122 in
In addition,
Block 1740 in
As noted earlier, the Presentation Instrument data (such as a card number) and the presentation instrument device data (such as data defining a particular smart card configuration or a particular plastic card configuration) are held separate from one another by databases 1704 and 1732. However, the data can be combined by establishing an associative relationship between entries on each database and associating the internal identifiers generated for each entry. Thus, database 1720 allows the internal identifiers for each database to be related in this associative relationship by storing the internal identifiers from each entry from the two databases as a set of data on database 1720. Additional information can also be stored to further define this set of data on database 1720, such as a “PI Device Detail Priority Number” and a “PI Device Detail CVV Number” as shown in block 1724.
The PI Device data stored on database 1732 can also be associated with PI Device Image database 1768. This data defines the appearance of the presentation instrument device to be stored separately. Thus, it provides a great deal of flexibility in defining the image or artwork to be affixed to a credit card, for example: “PI Device Image Effective Date”, “PI Device Image End Date” are fields that can be used to manage this information.
Also shown is a PI Device Lineage block 1764. This block allows one to establish entries to track the changes to a PI Device. Thus PI Device Identifiers can be stored as sets of data to reflect the history of which PI Device replaced or was replaced by another PI Device.
It should be understood that use of the term “associate” in this specification is intended to mean that two or more data elements are grouped as an associative set of data. For example, two internal identifiers grouped as a unique data entry form an associative set. Furthermore, the two data entries that those two internal identifiers reference are also consequently formed as an associative set of data.
Similarly, it should be understood that the use of the term “relate” in this specification is intended to mean that two or more entities are established in a relationship with one another. Thus, when a particular party is related to a particular account, for example, a relationship is established between the particular party and the particular account. This is often implemented by associating the internal identifier for the particular party with the internal identifier for the particular account as a data set so as to identify the entities as being related to one another.
While various embodiments of the invention have been described as methods or apparatus for implementing the invention, it should be understood that the invention can be implemented through code coupled to a computer, e.g., code resident on a computer or accessible by the computer. For example, software and databases could be utilized to implement many of the methods discussed above. Thus, in addition to embodiments where the invention is accomplished by hardware, it is also noted that these embodiments can be accomplished through the use of an article of manufacture comprised of a computer usable medium having a computer readable program code embodied therein, which causes the enablement of the functions disclosed in this description. Therefore, it is desired that embodiments of the invention also be considered protected by this patent in their program code means as well.
It is also envisioned that embodiments of the invention could be accomplished as computer signals embodied in a carrier wave, as well as signals (e.g., electrical and optical) propagated through a transmission medium. Thus, the various information discussed above could be formatted in a structure, such as a data structure, and transmitted as an electrical signal through a transmission medium or stored on a computer readable medium.
It is also noted that many of the structures, materials, and acts recited herein can be recited as means for performing a function or steps for performing a function. Therefore, it should be understood that such language is entitled to cover all such structures, materials, or acts disclosed within this specification and their equivalents.
While many different definitions have been used for purposes of this patent so as to clarify the meaning of the claim terms. It should be understood that these definitions are intended solely for that purpose. Such definitions are not necessarily adopted by any assignee for other legal matters.
Claims
1. A method of storing data for a service business, said method comprising:
- storing party data for said business as a separate set of data;
- storing account data for said business as a separate set of data;
- storing presentation instrument data for said business as a separate set of data;
- storing product data for said business as a separate set of data;
- storing communication point data for said business as a separate set of data;
- storing balance data for said business as a separate set of data; and
- storing rules data for said business as a separate set of data.
2. The method as described in claim 1 and further comprising:
- storing each of said sets of data on separate databases.
3. The method as described in claim 1 wherein each of said separate sets of data is stored without reference to any of said other sets of data.
4. The method as described in claim 1 and further comprising:
- storing a set of associative data for relating said account data and said party data.
5. The method as described in claim 4 wherein said storing a set of associative data comprises:
- storing as part of said set an internal identifier for an entry from said account data; and
- storing as part of said set an internal identifier for an entry from said party data.
6. The method as described in claim 1 and further comprising:
- storing a set of associative data for relating said party data and said communication point data.
7. The method as described in claim 6 wherein said storing a set of associative data comprises:
- storing as part of said set an internal identifier for an entry from said party data; and
- storing as part of said set an internal identifier for an entry from said communication point data.
8. The method as described in claim 1 and further comprising:
- storing a set of associative data for relating said account data and said balance data.
9. The method as described in claim 8 wherein said storing a set of associative data comprises:
- storing as part of said set an internal identifier for an entry from said account data; and
- storing as part of said set an internal identifier for an entry from said balance data.
10. The method as described in claim 1 and further comprising:
- storing a set of associative data for relating said account data and said product data.
11. The method as described in claim 10 wherein said storing a set of associative data comprises:
- storing as part of said set an internal identifier for an entry from said account data; and
- storing as part of said set an internal identifier for an entry from said product data.
12. The method as described in claim 1 and further comprising:
- storing a set of associative data for relating said balance data and said product data.
13. The method as described in claim 12 wherein said storing a set of associative data comprises:
- storing as part of said set an internal identifier for an entry from said balance data; and
- storing as part of said set an internal identifier for an entry from said product data.
14. A method of storing data for a service business, said method comprising:
- storing party data identifying a party as a separate set of data;
- storing account data identifying an account as a separate set of data;
- relating said party data with said account data so as to identify said party as playing a role on said account.
15. The method as described in claim 14 wherein said relating said party data with said account data comprises:
- assigning a first identifier with said party data;
- assigning a second identifier with said account data;
- associating said first identifier with said second identifier
- assigning a role to the association so as to relate said party data with said account data and define the relationship.
16. The method as described in claim 14 wherein said party data comprises:
- a name of said party; and
- a role played by said party.
17. The method as described in claim 14 wherein said account data comprises:
- an account type for describing an account; and
- an account identifier for identifying a specific account of said account type.
18. A system for storing data for a service business, said system comprising:
- a party database for storing party data identifying a party as a separate set of data;
- an account database for storing account data identifying an account as a separate set of data;
- wherein said party data and said account data identify a party on an account.
19. The system as described in claim 18 wherein said party database and said account database each have a separate processor.
20. The system as described in claim 18 and further comprising:
- an account-party database for relating said party data with said account wherein said party data data comprises:
- a name of said party.
21. The system as described in claim 20 wherein said account data comprises:
- an account type for describing an account; and
- an account identifier for identifying a specific account of said account type.
Type: Application
Filed: Oct 22, 2004
Publication Date: Aug 25, 2005
Applicant: First Data Corporation (Englewood, CO)
Inventors: Michael Grear (Omaha, NE), Gretchen Donlin (Gretna, NE), Teresa Harrington (Omaha, NE), Richard Bell (Omaha, NE)
Application Number: 10/972,151
