Parking structure
A plurality of parking levels spaced inwardly of a surrounding structure and locating a plurality of travel ramps between the parking levels and the surrounding building. These ramps facilitate the entry into the various levels of parking as well as facilitate exiting from the parking levels. One set of ramps may be used solely for reaching elevated levels of the parking structure whereas a second set of ramps spaced below and parallel to the first set of ramps may be used solely for exiting the parking structure.
This application claims priority from and the benefit of U.S. Provisional Application Ser. No. 60/588,147, filed on Apr. 1, 2004 and U.S. Provisional Application Ser. No. 60/600,381, filed on Aug. 11, 2004, hereby incorporated in their entirety by reference.
FIELD OF THE INVENTIONA multi story parking garage which has the advantages of providing a faster and safer means of getting to and from parking spaces.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTIONWith an increased premium on space due to cost and in urban areas, availability, it is desirable to maximize space and particularly parking space required for a multistory building. Whether the building is in an apartment for residential life or a commercial building to house office space, it is desirable to minimize the space allocated to parking so as to maximize useful space.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTIONAccordingly, it is an object of the present invention to maximize parking space for a building by locating a plurality of levels of parking spaces interiorly of the building with the levels of parking approximating the number of floors of the building.
This object is achieved by building a plurality of parking levels spaced inwardly of a surrounding structure and locating a plurality of travel ramps between the parking levels and the surrounding building. These ramps facilitate the entry into the various levels of parking as well as facilitate exiting from the parking levels.
One set of ramps may be used solely for reaching elevated levels of the parking structure whereas a second set of ramps spaced below and parallel to the first set of ramps may be used solely for exiting the parking structure.
Different types of ramps structure may be used. One type of ramp structure travels around the sides of the parking levels and in a rectangular configuration, extends continuously along each side of the parking structure, reaching upper levels of the parking structure in a single travel direction after passing along only four levels of ramps with each ramp rising at a constant angle.
In an alternate arrangement of ramps, an increased angle of elevation is achieved, as compared to a constant continuous angle along an entire side of a parking structure, with the increased elevation ramp section reaching a horizontal plateau section located in a middle of one side of the parking structure for access to a particular parking level. The ramp structure then continues on upward at an increased elevation angle until reaching a corner of the parking structure. The ramp would then turn 90 degrees to continue along an adjacent side of the parking structure at either a constant elevation angle across the whole length of the side of the parking structure or again having a central horizontally oriented plateau section of the ramp. Similar structure is used in the exit set of ramps.
These and other objects of the invention, as well as many of the intended advantages thereof, will become more readily apparent when reference is made to the following description taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
In describing a preferred embodiment of the invention illustrated in the drawings, specific terminology will be resorted to for the sake of clarity. However, the invention is not intended to be limited to the specific terms so selected, and it is to be understood that each specific term includes all technical equivalents which operate in a similar manner to accomplish a similar purpose.
In
This design can be more easily explained by using a specific example with dimensions. In
At the speed of five miles per hour these distances would take 2.4 minutes and 4.8 minutes, respectively. These times would be reduced if each ramp had a steeper slope (call this the “steeper design with middle landing” or “Ramp II” as shown in solid lines in
For instance, if each ramp described above rose a vertical height of two floors (to a height of 20 feet directly from corner to corner (Ramp II) and 10 feet from each corner to a mid point level area between corners (Ramp I)) the time stated above would be reduced by 50%. Each ramp would have a level of 40 feet in width in the middle, that is, the ramp from A1 to the mid point A1M between A1 and A2 (referred to as Ramp II) would have a length of 100 feet with a slope of 10%, then a level plateau section space of 40 feet and then the slope would resume at 10%. The ramps from A2 to A2M (see
The ramps could each have two way traffic and thereby handle cars going in both directions. For safety reasons the preferred design would have only one way traffic. In that case, there would be a separate set of “up” and “down” ramps. The two sets of ramps would run parallel and be spaced vertically from each other.
For explanation purposes, the “down ramp” is assumed to be running under the “up” ramp. That is, if two vehicles traveled from a lower level toward the top floor, and a vertical line was drawn it would intersect the two ramps (to define their location), the vehicle on the lower ramp and the vehicle on the ramp directly above would define a line parallel to the vertical.
The parking spaces could either be at a right angle or at a diagonal angle to the drive aisle as are both shown in
As shown in
Another arrangement of the ramps would be to alternate the two design types, that is, ramp I and ramp II. If ramp II is used between A1 to A2 and A3 to A4, then a drive aisle is needed between A1M and A3M so that the driver can enter the desired aisles “M” to “Q”. However, in order to provide additional parking, parking could be added in most of the space between A1M and A3M. In that case, the driver coming off the level platform at A1M could turn left to drive aisle “M” and then circle around to either an assigned or unassigned parking space. If “Ramp type I” is used between A1 and A2 and between A3 and A4 the area between central portions of A1 and A2 and between A3 and A4 (A1M and A3M in the Ramp Type II embodiment) can be used for additional parking in drive aisles “M” through “Q” as compared to the gaps shown in
The parking spaces extend to the space under the ramps if there is sufficient height under the ramps or if no ramp is required for that floor on that side of the building.
An alarm system could be used to detect that a car is traveling the wrong way on a one way road or ramp. A motion detector or radar device or a magnetic device in the concrete driveway could detect the wrong travel direction.
Once the driver is on the “up” set of ramps from the bottom floor he can expect the drive to his desired floor without another vehicle trying to enter the ramp in front of him or (crossing his path) another vehicle heading towards him. A speed on such a ramp of 10 miles per hour may be considered safe. A distance of 2000 feet at 10 miles per hour can be driven in about 2 minutes. A speed of 5 miles per hour up the ramp would take 4 minutes.
The one way exit set of ramps (down ramp) will have other drivers entering the ramp at intermediate floors from either the corners (ramp type I) or at the corners and at mid ramp levels (ramp type II). More caution is required on the exit ramps. A wider entrance to the ramp would permit other drivers to enter the ramp without directly entering the lane being used by other drivers.
A warning sound device and/or flashing red lights could set off automatically to warn the drivers and others that a car is moving in the wrong direction and a gate could close to give further warning to the car moving in the wrong direction and other gates could close to stop cars moving on the ramp until the problem is cleared.
The design of this parking garage with its ramp design is shown herein in
In
The parking area is the area designated on each side of the parking drive. Aisles M1-M2, N1-N2, O1-O2, P1-P2, Q1-Q2 or R1-R2 and in the spaces between the drive aisle IBB and up express ramp IB marked W1 to W2 and in the area between drive aisle IDD and the up express ramp ID marked V1 and V2 on
There are two “drive aisles” IBB and IDD shown on
The up ramps and down ramps are preferably one way and thereby the likelihood of a head on collision or any kind of collision is reduced. In the preferred design, if one ramp is blocked, the other ramp which is operating can service the traffic in both directions, provided each ramp is made the required minimum width to service two way traffic.
Up Express Ramp IA goes from elevation “0 (zero)” to elevation “10”,
Up Express Ramp IB goes from elevation “10” to elevation “120”,
Up Express Ramp IC goes from elevation “20” to elevation “30”,
Up Express Ramp ID goes from elevation “30” to elevation “40”,
Up Express Ramp IIA goes from elevation “40” to elevation “50”,
Up Express Ramp IIB goes from elevation “50” to elevation “60”,
Up Express Ramp IIC goes from elevation “60” to elevation “70”,
Up Express Ramp IID goes from elevation “70” to elevation and “80”,
On
On each parking level (
The description of the up ramps and down ramps is facilitated by reference to
Description of the express down ramp:
At EL 80 the down ramp starts at K80-2 and continues to H70-2 at EL 70. (see
At EL 70 the down express ramp starts at H70-1 and continues to C60-2 at EL 60. (See
At EL 60 the down express ramp starts at G60-1 and continues to F50-2 at EL 50. (See
At EL 50 the down express ramp starts at F50-1 and continues to E40-2 at EL 40. (See
At EL 40 the down express ramp starts at E40-1 and continues to D30-2 at EL 30. (See
At EL 30 the down express ramp starts at d30-1 and continues to C20-2 at EL 20. (See
At EL 20 the down express ramp starts at c20-1 and continues to B10-2 at EL 10. (See
At EL 10 the down express ramp starts at B10 and continues to A0-2 at EL 0. (See
On the up express ramp there is a flat area for transition at the corner. From:
On
On the down express range there is a flat area which is below the flat area associated with the up ramp.
The express up ramp.
At EL “0 (zero)” the ramp starts at A0-1 and ramps up to A10-1 at EL 10 see
At EL 10 the ramp starts at A10-2 and ramps up to B20-1 at EL 20 see
At EL 20 the ramp starts at B20-2 and ramps up to C30-1 at EL 30 and
At EL 30 the ramp starts at C30-2 and ramps up to D40-1 at EL 40 see
At EL 40 the ramp starts at D40-2 and ramps up to E50-1 at EL 50 see
At EL 50 the ramp starts at E50-2 and ramps up to F60-1 at EL 60 see
At EL 60 the ramp starts at F60-2 and ramps up to G70-1 at EL 70 see
At EL 70 the ramp starts at G70-2 and ramps up to H80-1 at EL 80 see
Note:
The numbering system is designed as follows:
A—refers to 1st suspended parking level
B—refers to 2nd suspended parking level
C—refers to 3rd suspended parking level
D—refers to 4th suspended parking level
E—refers to 5th suspended parking level
F—refers to 6th suspended parking level
G—refers to 7th suspended parking level
H—refers to 8th suspended parking level
Following the letter the numbers 10 to 80 refers to the elevation above ground level “0 (zero)”.
10 is for EL 10 the first suspended level
20 is for EL 20 the second suspended level
30 is for EL 30 the third suspended level
40 is for EL 40 the fourth suspended level
50 is for EL 50 the fifth suspended level
60 is for EL 60 the sixth suspended level
70 is for EL 70 the seventh suspended level
80 is for EL 80 the eighth suspended level
Note EL=Elevation
The design described here for the parking garage/ramp area is a rectangular space. Of course, the principles of the design applies to many shapes, (hexagonal, octagonal etc.)
The steepness of the ramps is determined by the distance between the suspended decks which in turn is determined by such things as the shape, size of property, set back requirements, and the decision of the planner.
See
For lanes with two way traffic, the angle chosen for the parking would be that which is less than 90° for most of the cars that are expected to park in such lane.
In
Since the ramps for the second and sixth floors, the third and seventh floors and the fourth and eight floors are on the same side of the building and are parallel to each other, the direction of travel in the parking drive aisles (regarding one way direction) is the same for the second and sixth floors, the third and seventh floors and the fourth and eight floors. Also the location of the entry and exit from the ramps is the same for each pair referred to.
It is to be noted that the angle of the parking space to the drive aisle is less than 90° to the line in the drive aisle which is the direction of the one way line of travel assigned to that lane or the dominate line of travel (i.e. the direction most cars would travel)for two way lanes. The parking in the parking drive aisles and in sections V1-V2 and W1-W2 are oriented so that for angled parking there is less than a 90° angle for the approaching car.
For purposes of explanation certain heights between floors and certain horizontal distances are assumed. These assumptions are realistic, however, the principles of the design would apply to other heights and horizontal distances. It is assumed in this explanation that the height from slab to slab in the garage area is ten feet, that ground level is zero elevation, that the elevation of the first suspended slab is at plus ten and each successive slab is another ten feet above the preceding slab and the parking spaces drive aisles and parking drive aisles are substantially level, but are sloped to permit drainage.
The length of ramp IA is approximately 180 feet and has a slope of 5.5%. The length of Ramp IB is approximately 270 feet and has a slope of 3.7%.
The express ramps have a slope of about 4 to 5%. This is made possible because of the size of the building. By driving one complete loop, parking spaces on four floors (plus the ground floor) are made available.
On
The down express ramps which run below and parallel to the up express ramps, described above are shown in a cross section drawing on
If the driver decided to park on elevation 10, the first suspended level), the driver would turn left at A9 onto drive aisle IBB. The drive could then drive to an assigned parking space by turning left into the appropriate parking lane, (M1-M2 to R1-R2). These six lanes could all be two way lanes or there could be a combination of one way and two way lanes or all one way lanes. If the parking is assigned, the preference is that on elevation 10 all the lanes would have angled parking (P.D.A=parking drive aisle). The angle of the parking would be such that it is easy to turn into the parking space.
Angled parking permits the cars to enter and leave a parking space more quickly and more easily for the driver. Therefore, angled parking for all the lanes is preferred.
If the parking is not assigned the driver would be directed by green and red lights which would indicate which floor (by location of the lights on the ramps) and which drive aisle to enter to find an open parking space. Each parking space would send a signal to a central control computer system if the parking space is occupied. The central computer system would then control the green and red lights so that the driver is directed to an open space. If parking is not assigned except upon entry to the building, the customer could be issued a ticket (for payment) showing the hour of entry to the garage, the parking space to be used (floor level and aisle and space number).
The down ramp from the first-suspended deck begins under the place where the up ramp from the first suspended deck meets the second suspended deck. The down ramp from the first suspended deck ends at ground level under the place where the up ramp begins—i.e. the ramp which goes to the second suspended deck.
All the up and down ramps at each floor have the relationship described above for the ramps. The cross section of the ramps, shown on
The low percentage slope and the few turns involved in reaching four floors or eight floors, make a higher safe speed possible. Also, only one loop of the parking area is needed to get to the fourth floor and two loops to get to the eighth floor.
Additional safety results from separating the entrance and exit to each floor separated by the length of the ramps, e.g. the up ramp entrance to EL 10 is at A10-1 (the northeast corner), the down ramp exit is at B10-1 (the northwest corner).
Also, one way traffic on the ramps makes higher speed possible. The level areas at the corners of the parking levels where there is access to the ramps makes the entrance or exit from the ramps safer.
Express up ramp and express down ramp relationship:
1) The down ramp is below the up ramp (by 10 feet), the height of the floors from top of slab to top of slab.
2) The ramp area and level area are parallel to each other for the down ramp and up ramp.
3) The entrances and exits to the up ramp and down ramp are separated by one floor for each entrance and exit and are separated horizontally by the length of the ramp. E.g. the entrance to the up ramp at elevation 10. First suspended level (noted A10-2) is one floor above the down ramp exit which is the exit ramp from the first suspended level.
4) The parking spaces as shown in
5) Some floors can add space for storage or bikes if up ramp IB or ID does not intrude on the floor.
If the parking spaces are assigned, a driver after entering an up ramp at ground level (which is one way) would not usually encounter another car entering the up ramp at a level above the ground level. The drivers with an assigned space would only re-enter the up ramp if the driver made a mistake and exited the up ramp at the wrong level. A traffic light could be placed as needed, at the entrances and exits from each express up and down ramp to control the traffic, for safety and to minimize waiting times. At ground level there would be more than one exit and entrance to the garage.
In order to exit from elevation 10, from a parking space in parking drive aisle M1-M2 (a two way parking drive aisle) the driver would drive toward M2, turn left at M2 onto drive aisle IDD then turn left at N2 and proceed to N1, then turn left at drive aisle IBB then turn right at B7, then turn right at B10-1, and then proceed on the down express ramp IB to EL “0” (ground level).
If the driver had entered parking drive aisles N1-N2 to R1-R2 from drive aisle IBB, he would exit by driving toward drive aisle IDD, would exit by turning right at drive aisle IDD and then turning right at M2 and proceeding toward B10-1 and then he would turn right at B10-1, the entrance to the down express ramp IB, see
If the driver made a mistake such as entering parking drive aisle Q1-Q2, instead of P1-P2, the driver can turn right onto drive aisle IDD then turn right onto M1-M2 (or N1-N2), then turn right onto drive aisle IBB, then turn right onto P1-P2 (the desired parking drive aisle). With the above design all the parking drive aisles are one way lanes, except for M1-M2 and R1-R2. The drive aisles IBB and IDD are two way lanes (see arrows on
To park on this level the driver would turn left at B20-1 and then proceed straight to park in parking drive aisle M1-M2 or turn left into drive aisle IBB at B7 and then turn right into the desired drive aisle N1-N2, O1-O2, P1-P2, Q1-Q2 or R1-R2.
After turning left at B7 onto drive aisle IBB the driver could have turned left and then accessed the parking spaces in W1-W2 by an easy left turn into the desired parking space.
In order to exit the parking garage after parking in one of the parking drive aisles N1-N2 to R1-R2 or parking drive aisles M1-M2 to R1-R2, the driver could turn right at drive aisle IDD and drive toward C20-1,
Parking drive aisles M1-M2 and P1-P2 are shown as two way drive aisles on the figures (
After the driver turns left at B20-1 (see
He can then by driving in the one way and two way lanes shown in
In order to park on the second suspended level the driver would turn left from up ramp IB at B20-1,
This arrangement of using only one-way parking drive aisles can be applied to all the parking plans shown in FIGS. 3 to 10.
The angle of the parking space to the parking drive aisles and to drive aisles IBB and IDD would remain as shown in FIGS. 3 to 10. The parking drive aisles would have the following changes:
1. on
2. on
3. on
4. on
5. on
6. on
7. on
The foregoing description should be considered as illustrative only of the principles of the invention. Since numerous modifications and changes will readily occur to those skilled in the art, it is not desired to limit the invention to the exact construction and operation shown and described, and, accordingly, all suitable modifications and equivalents may be resorted to, falling within the scope of the invention.
Claims
1. A parking structure comprising:
- a plurality of stacked, horizontally oriented parking levels, and
- a plurality of ramps surrounding peripheral sides of said plurality of parking levels, said ramps extending at an angle from one of the parking levels and being connected to other parking levels located above or below said one parking level for movement of motor vehicle between different parking levels.
2. The parking structure as claimed in claim 1, wherein two of said ramps surrounding said parking levels are inclined at an angle to extend between said one parking level and another one of said parking levels located at least two parking levels above or below said one parking level.
3. The parking structure as claimed in claim 2, wherein another two of said ramps surrounding said ramps surrounding said parking levels are inclined at an angle to extend between said one parking level and another one of said parking levels located at least two parking levels above or below said one parking level.
4. The parking structure as claimed in claim 2, wherein another two of said ramps surrounding said parking levels include a midsection connecting said another two ramps to another parking level located immediately above or immediately below said one parking level.
5. The parking structure as claimed in claim 1, wherein said ramps are located between said parking levels and a building surrounding said parking levels.
6. The parking structure as claimed in claim 2, wherein another two of said ramps located on opposite sides of said parking levels include a plurality of horizontally oriented plateau sections for connecting with additional parking levels.
7. The parking structure as claimed in claim 6, wherein a traffic pathway interconnects corresponding plateau sections located on the opposite sides of the parking levels.
8. The parking structure as claimed in claim 1, wherein two sets of said plurality of ramps surround said parking levels to allow traffic flow to move up one set of said ramps and down another set of said ramps.
9. The parking structure as claimed in claim 8, wherein said another set of said ramps include a plurality of horizontally oriented plateau sections for connecting with said parking levels.
10. The parking structure as claimed in claim 8, wherein said one set of said ramps are of a constant inclined angle along each side of said plurality of parking levels.
Type: Application
Filed: Apr 1, 2005
Publication Date: Oct 27, 2005
Inventors: Marvin Blumberg (Bethesda, MD), Samuel Blumberg (Bethesda, MD), Seth Blumberg (Bethesda, MD)
Application Number: 11/096,256