Fire retardant panel door and door frame having intumescent materials therein
A fire retardant panel door and door frame that prevents the spread of fire through the door during a fire. The fire retardant panel door has at least one door panel and stiles and rails. The door panel includes an interior center composite section formed by a first plurality of layers of intumescent materials and a first plurality of layers of fire resistant materials disposed between and laminated to a pair of outer sections formed of wood for enclosing the interior center composite section to form a composite laminated door panel. Each of the stiles includes a first center core formed of wood enclosed by a second plurality of layers of intumescent materials and a second plurality of layers of fire resistant materials; and the second layers of intumescent and fire resistant materials are enclosed by a first applique layer formed of wood to form a composite laminated stile. Each of the rails includes a second center core formed of wood enclosed by a third plurality of layers of intumescent materials and a third plurality of layers of fire resistant materials; and the third layers of intumescent and fire resistant materials are enclosed by a second applique layer formed of wood to form a composite laminated rail. The first, second, and third plurality of layers of intumescent materials are activated to expand upon exposure to heat and/or fire to prevent the heat and/or fire from passing through at least one door panel, the stiles and the rails of the panel door during a fire for at least 90 minutes. At least one door panel is connected to the panel door by tongue and groove joints; and the tongue and groove joints have a fourth plurality of layers of intumescent materials and a fourth plurality of layers of fire resistant materials in the tongue and groove joints; and wherein the fourth plurality of layers of fire resistant materials in the tongue and groove joints are activated to expand upon exposure to heat and/or fire to seal the joints in order to prevent the heat and/or fire from passing through the panel door during a fire for at least 90 minutes.
The present invention relates to a fire retardant panel door and door frame, and more particularly to a fire retardant panel door and door frame that provides fire resistance using a plurality of intumescent and fire resistant barrier layers therein for preventing the spread of fire through the fire retardant panel door and door frame.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTIONA fire retardant panel door, often referred to as a “fire door,” is installed in homes, commercial buildings, and industrial plants for preventing the passage or spread of fire from one part of the building to another. In the interest of public safety, standards have been set by governmental agencies; and by municipal, county and state building code authorities and insurance companies for the installation and performance of fire doors. The standards require that the fire retardant doors be installed in wall openings and that they pass industry-wide acceptance tests.
Standard test methods for fire door assemblies, such as ASTM E-152, UL 10(b) or NFPA 252, measure the ability of a door assembly to remain in an opening during a fire to retard the passage of the fire and evaluate the fire resistant properties of the door. In conducting such tests, doors are mounted in an opening of a fire proof wall. One side of the door is exposed to a predetermined range of temperatures over a predetermined period of time, followed by the application of a high pressure hose stream that causes the door to erode and provides a thermal shock to the assembly. Doors are given a fire rating based on the duration of the heat exposure of 20 minutes, 30 minutes, 45 minutes, one hour, 1½ hours or three hours. The door assembly receives the fire rating when it remains in the opening for the duration of the fire test and hose stream, within certain limitations of movement and without developing openings through the door either at the core or around the edge material.
A fire door must be made almost entirely of incombustible material. However, since a fire door is part of the interior or exterior of a personal living space or workspace, it must also be aesthetically pleasing. Usually, therefore, a core of incombustible material comprising the main structure of the fire door is overlaid with a thin wood veneer facing that provides the door with an attractive appearance. Fire door assemblies often fail, not because of the fire resistant properties of the fire door, but they fail because of inadequate placement of the fire resistance materials within the door, such that the fire door buckles. Additionally, the fire resistant blocking material of a core section of the fire door may need supplemental fire resistant materials strategically placed within the fire door to add to its fire door rating.
There remains a need for a reinforced fire retardant panel door and door frame which provides additional fire resistance using layers of intumescent and fire resistant materials in the fire retardant panel door and door frame in order to prevent buckling of the fire retardant panel door and door frame during a fire. Further, the reinforced fire retardant panel door would include supplemental layers of fire resistant materials strategically embedded within the structural components of the fire retardant panel door.
DESCRIPTION OF THE PRIOR ARTFire retardant doors, and fire doors of various designs, configurations, structures and materials of construction have been disclosed in the prior art. For example, U.S. Pat. No. 6,115,976 to Gomez discloses an assembly for sealing a fire resistant door within a door frame during a fire event. The door edge assembly includes a plurality of door edges for receiving an intumescent strip within a slot on each door edge. The intumescent strip is constructed and designed to expand upon reaching a certain reaction temperature when exposed to a fire event or other extreme heat source. This prior art patent does not disclose or teach the particular door structure having the use of intumescent and fire resistant materials in the door panel, stiles, rails, door frame and door joints in order to provide for a fire retardant panel door that prevents buckling of the door during a fire, as well as prevent the spread of fire through the door and door frame for at least 90 minutes.
U.S. Pat. No. 5,816,017 to Hunt et al. discloses a fire retardant door and exit device for the fire retardant door. The fire retardant door includes a core of fire resistant blocking material being Tectonite™ for providing the door with a fire rating of at least 90 minutes. The fire door uses intumescent material which expands when heated to fill the void in the channel between the channel walls and the vertical extending rods within the latch stile of the door. This prior art patent does not disclose or teach the particular door structure having the use of intumescent and fire resistant materials in the door panels, stiles, rails, door frame and door joints in order to provide for a fire retardant panel door that prevents buckling of the door during a fire, as well as prevents the spread of fire through the door and door frame for at least 90 minutes.
U.S. Pat. No. 5,417,024 to San Paolo discloses a fire resistant panel door. The fire resistant panel door is constructed from panels, stiles, mullion and rails having a core of fire resistant material. The door components are joined together so that the fire resistant material extends substantially continuously from side to side and from top to bottom of the finished door. The fire resistant core of each door panel is recessed within the fire resistant core of the associated rails and stiles to reduce air infiltration through the door which can compromise the door's fire resistance. This prior art patent does not disclose or teach the particular door structure having the use of intumescent and fire resistant materials in the door panels, stiles, rails, door frame and door joints in order to provide for a fire retardant panel door that prevents buckling of the door during a fire for at least 90 minutes.
U.S. Pat. No. 4,930,276 to Bawa et al. discloses a fire door window construction. The fire door includes a trim strip having inner and outer members. The inner member is of a high density incombustible mineral material or ceramic and is nailed in position to securely and uniformly hold the pane of glass in the door opening. The outer trim member is of a fire retardant particle board and has an exposed wood veneer facing throughout. An intumescent caulking compound is applied between an inner portion of the outer trim member and the pane of glass. This prior art patent does not disclose or teach the particular door structure having the use of intumescent and fire resistant materials in the door panels, stiles, rails, door frame and door joints in order to provide for a fire retardant panel door that prevents buckling of the door during a fire, as well as prevents the spread of fire through the door and door frame for at least 90 minutes.
U.S. Pat. No. 4,441,296 to Grabendike et al. discloses a fire resistant wood door structure designed to pass code and testing laboratories' requirements. The fire resistant wood door structure includes a door assembly having a support frame assembly with a panel assembly connected to the support frame assembly. The support frame assembly includes top, bottom, side, central and transverse frame members. The panel members include a main body connected through a peripheral edge by a double connector assembly. The double connector assembly functions to only remove about ⅓ of the door's normal 1¾ inch thickness during the burn testing procedure, thus passing the fire resistant testing of 20 minutes. This prior art patent does not disclose or teach the particular door structure having the use of intumescent and fire resistant materials in the door panels, stiles, rails, door frame and door joints in order to provide for a fire retardant panel door that prevents buckling of the door during a fire, as well as prevents the spread of fire through the door and door frame for at least 90 minutes.
U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,529,742; 6,031,040; and 6,153,674 all disclose the use of intumescent compounds/fire barrier materials within door construction to reduce or eliminate the passage of smoke and fire through the door and door frame. These prior art patents do not disclose or teach the particular door structure having the use of intumescent and fire resistant materials in the door panels, stiles, rails, door frame and door joints in order to provide for a fire retardant panel door that prevents buckling of the door during a fire, as well as prevents the spread of fire through the door and door frame for at least 90 minutes.
In addition, the aforementioned prior art patents do not disclose or teach the particular structure and configuration of the reinforced fire retardant panel door and door frame of the present invention that provides additional fire resistance to the door in order to prevent the buckling of the door during a fire.
Accordingly, it is an object of the present invention to provide a reinforced fire retardant panel door and door frame that prevents buckling of the door during a fire.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a reinforced fire retardant panel door and door frame that has supplemental fire resistant materials strategically embedded and placed within the tongue and groove joints of the fire resistant panel door, as well as supplemental fire resistant materials placed on the perimeter edges of the fire resistant panel door for preventing the spread of fire through the door and door frame.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a reinforced fire retardant panel door and door frame that has intumescent and fire resistant material layers within the panel door and door frame for preventing the spread of fire through the door and door frame.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a reinforced fire retardant panel door and door frame that has fire resistant materials being multiple layers of intumescent material that expands in the presence of fire such that the intumescent material closes and seals the component tongue and groove joints, as well as the perimeter edges of the fire retardant panel door for preventing the spread of fire through the door and door frame.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a reinforced fire retardant panel door and door frame that is used as part of an interior or exterior personal living space, or workspace being installed within home dwellings, commercial buildings or industrial plants.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a reinforced fire retardant panel door and door frame that has stiles and rails having metal L-shaped beads therein in order to form an exoskeleton for further strengthening and tying together the stiles and rails within the panel door in order to keep the panel door from buckling during a fire.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a reinforced panel door and door frame that has improved aesthetic qualities by having a maximum panel core thickness of ⅜ of an inch allowing for a minimum thickness of 1¾ inches of the fire resistant and reinforced panel door which allows for greater profiling (depth) of the exterior wood molding between the center panel and the stiles and rails.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a reinforced panel door and door frame that includes a heat activated door pin or door hook assembly for preventing the active (free) panel door from buckling during a fire.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a reinforced fire retardant panel door and door frame that is aesthetically pleasing having the appearance of natural wood, and has achieved a successful fire rating of at least 90 minutes and passes a positive pressure test, and is easily installed in a building.
A further object of the present invention is to provide a reinforced fire retardant panel door and door frame that can be mass produced in an automated and economical matter and is readily affordable to the builder or consumer.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTIONIn accordance with the present invention, there is provided a fire retardant panel door and door frame that prevents the spread of fire through the door during a fire. The fire retardant panel door has at least one door panel and stiles and rails. The door panel includes an interior center composite section formed of a first plurality of layers of intumescent materials and a first plurality of layers of fire resistant materials disposed between and connected to a pair of outer sections formed of wood for enclosing the interior center composite section to form a composite laminate door panel. Each of the stiles includes a first center core formed of wood enclosed by a second plurality of layers of intumescent materials and a second plurality of layers of fire resistant materials; and the second layers of intumescent and fire resistant materials materials are enclosed by a first applique layer formed of wood to form a composite laminate stile. Each of the rails includes a second center core formed of wood enclosed by a third plurality of layers of intumescent materials and a third plurality of layers of fire resistant materials; and the third layers of intumescent and fire resistant materials are enclosed by a second applique layer formed of wood to form a composite laminate rail. The first, second, and third plurality of layers of intumescent materials are activated to expand upon exposure to heat and/or fire to prevent the heat and/or fire from passing through the at least one door panel, the stiles and the rails of the panel door during a fire for at least 90 minutes. The at least one door panel is connected to the panel door by tongue and groove joints; and the tongue and groove joints have a fourth plurality of layers of intumescent materials and a fourth plurality of layers of fire resistant materials in the tongue and groove joints; and wherein the fourth plurality of layers of intumescent materials in the tongue and grove joints are activated to expand upon exposure to heat and/or fire to seal said joints in order to prevent the heat and/or fire from passing through the panel door during a fire for at least 90 minutes.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGSFurther objects, features and advantages of the present invention will become apparent upon the consideration of the following detailed description of the presently-preferred embodiment when taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, wherein:
The fire retardant panel door 10 and door frame 30 of the first embodiment of the present invention is represented in detail by
Fire retardant panel door 10 includes stiles 12 and 14, rails 16 and 18, and a center panel 20, as shown in
As shown in
The inner and outer intumescent layers 52 and 56 of sides 51 and 53 are made of PALUSOL P-210™ product being manufactured by the BASF Corporation of the USA. PALUSOL P-210™ is an intumescent panel consisting essentially of a core having sodium silicate, and a small portion of organic binder reinforced by glass fibers and having the addition of wire mesh therein. A coating of epoxy resin is applied to each side of the core which protects the intumescent panel from atmospheric influences of carbon dioxide, water, and/or steam. The mass per unit area of the intumescent laminate (panel) layer 52 or 56 is in the range of 0.46 to 0.77 pounds per foot2. The thickness of the intumescent laminate layer 52 or 56 is in the range 0.0590 inches to 0.0906 inches.
The second middle layer 54 of sides 51 and 53 is made of a FYRE ROC™ (FR-1001) product being manufactured by the Goodrich Corporation, Engineered Polymer Products Division, of Jacksonville, Fla., U.S.A. The FYRE ROC™ panel is a laminate sheet consisting of a fire resistant metallo alumino silicate and stainless steel screen layers for forming a reinforced composite laminate sheet that has the ability to maintain excellent mechanical and physical properties at elevated temperatures up to 2000 degrees Fahrenheit, without significant smoke or toxicity emissions. The density of the laminate fire resistant barrier (sheet) layer 54 is 2.5±0.5 grams per cubic centimeter. The thickness of the laminate fire resistant barrier layer 54 is in the range of 0.020 to 0.050 inches (due to reinforcement thickness variability).
The wood applique 42 is adjacent to and in contact with the third outer intumescent layer 56. Wood molding 44 is applied to the exterior surface of stiles 12 and 14, rails 16 and 18, and center panel 20, as shown in
As shown in
Additionally, as shown in
Center panel 20 has edges 61, 63, 65 and 67. The center panel 20 is formed from a composite laminate structure 70, as shown in
Tongue and groove joints 90 and 92 are used to connect center panel 20 to stiles 12 or 14, respectively, and tongue and groove joints 94 and 96 are used to connect center panel 20 to rails 16 or 18, respectively, as depicted in
As shown in
The composite layer sections 150A, 150B, 150C and 150D of the jambs 32 and 34 and the upper header 36 expands in the presence of excessive heat and/or fire, such that the intumescent and fire resistant barrier material layer sections 150A, 150B, 150C and 150D closes and seals the perimeter of the fire retardant panel door 10 within the jambs 32 and 34 and upper header 36 of the door frame 30 to also prevent the spread of the excessive heat and/or fire through the fire retardant panel door 10 and door frame 30, as shown in
Additionally, as shown in
The fire retardant panel door 10 and door frame 30 of the first embodiment of the present invention further includes a heat activated door pin assembly 170, as shown in
A double door assembly 200 and door frame 230 of the second embodiment of the present invention is represented in detail by
Fire retardant panel door 210 includes stiles 212 and 214, rails 216 and 218, and a center panel 220, as shown in
The wood applique 242 is adjacent to and in contact with the third outer intumescent layer 256. Wood molding 244 is applied to the exterior surface of stiles 212 and 214, rails 216 and 218, and center panel 220, as shown in
As shown in
Additionally, as shown in
Center panel 220 has edges 261, 263, 265 and 267. The center panel 220 is formed from a composite laminate structure 270. The composite laminate structure 270 includes outer wood sections 272 and 276 and sandwiched there between is an interior center intumescent section 274, as depicted in
Tongue and groove joints 290 and 292 are used to connect center panel 220 to stiles 212 or 214, respectively, and tongue and groove joints 294 and 296 are used to connect center panel 220 to rails 216 or 218, respectively, as depicted in FIGS. 19 to 21 of the drawings. Tongue and groove joints 298 and 300 are used to connect rails 216 or 218 to stiles 212 or 214, respectively, as shown in
As shown in
The composite layer sections 350A, 350B, 350C and 350D of the jambs 232 and 234 and upper header 236 expand in the presence of excessive heat and/or fire, such that the intumescent and fire resistant barrier material layer sections 350A, 350B, 350C and 350D closes and seals the perimeter of the fire retardant panel door 210 within the jambs 232 and 234 and upper header 236 of the door frame 230 to also prevent the spread of the excessive heat and/or fire through the fire retardant panel door 210 and door frame 230.
Additionally, as shown in
The fire retardant panel door 210 and door frame section 230A of door frame 230 of the second embodiment of the present invention further includes a standard mechanical flush or dead bolt assembly 370, as shown in
Fire retardant panel door 410 includes stiles 412 and 414, rails 416 and 418, an upper panel 420, a lower panel 422, a first raised panel 423, and a second raised panel 424, as shown in
As shown in
The wood applique 442 is adjacent to and in contact with the third outer intumescent layer 456. Wood molding 444 is applied to the exterior surface of stiles 412 and 414, rails 416 and 418, mullions 426, 427, and 428, and panels 420, 422, 423, and 424, as shown in
As shown in
Additionally, as shown in
Upper panel 420 has edges 461, 463, 465 and 467, and the lower panel has edges 563, 565, 567, and 569. The panels 420, 422, 423, and 424 are formed from a composite laminate structure 470, as shown in FIGS. 13 to 18 and 21 of the drawings. The composite laminate structure 470 includes outer wood sections 472 and 476 and an interior center intumescent section 474 sandwiched therebetween. The interior center intumescent section 474 includes a first outer intumescent layer 478, a second inner fire resistant barrier layer 480, a third middle intumescent layer 482, a fourth middle intumescent layer 484 a fifth inner fire resistant barrier layer 486, and a sixth outer intumescent layer 488. The first outer, third middle, fourth middle, and sixth outer intumescent layers 478, 482, 484, and 488 are made of the PALUSOL™ P-210 product as previously described. The second and fifth fire resistant barrier layers 480 and 486 are made of the FYRE ROC™ fire resistant barrier laminate sheet, as previously described. The aforementioned outer wood sections 472, 476 and the intumescent and fire resistant barrier layer 478, 480, 482, 484, 486 and 488 are laminated together under pressure P using an adhesive system consisting of a Simpson ISR 70-07 isocyanate adhesive A or an equivalent adhesive in order to form the laminated panels 428, 422, 423, and 424, respectively, as shown in
Tongue and groove joints 490 and 492 are used to connect upper panel 420 to stiles 412 or 414, respectively, and tongue and groove joints 494 and 496 are used to connect upper panel 420 to rail 416, as depicted in
The fire retardant panel door 410 and door frame 230 of the second embodiment 200 of the present invention further includes a heat activated door pin assembly 570, as shown in
It is understood that the heat activated door pin assembly 570′ and 570″ can also be positioned at other locations, such as along the vertical axis of stile 412, as shown in
The fire retardant panel door 410 and door frame 230 of the second embodiment 200 of the present invention also includes a heat activated door hook or door latch assembly 610, as shown in
In operation, when fire or excessive heat occurs, the intumescent materials expand and provide closing and sealing of all the tongue and groove joints within panel doors 10, 210, and 410, respectively, of the first and second embodiments. This includes also the closing and sealing of the panels, stiles, rails, and/or mullions, as well as perimeter edges of the fire retardant panel doors 10, 210, and 410 within the door frames 30 and 230, respectively, thus preventing the spread of the fire through the fire retardant panel door 10, 210, and 410 and door frames 30 and 230, respectively.
The fire retardant panel doors 10, 210, and 410 and the door frames 30 and 230, respectively, of this invention have undergone special testing by I.T.S. Warnock Hersey Laboratory for fire resistance and have passed the fire burn test known as ANSI/U.L. 10B1978 including the hose stream test. By passing this fire burn test, the doors 10, 210, and 410 and the door frames 30 and 230, respectively, can be specified by architects for many building uses where metal doors and wood flush doors would have been previously used.
The I.T.S. test under ANSI/U.L. 10B1978 includes the following steps:
1. The door structure to be tested is placed within a brick retaining wall.
2. One side of the door is subjected to an intense fire on a time temperature curve from 0 to 90 minutes and room temperature to 1,462° F. temperature. More specifically, the time-temperature is as follows:
3. Immediately after the 90 minute burn period, the burned side of the door is subjected to a hose stream test from: a) a 2½ inch water supply hose; b) discharged through a tapered nozzle with a one (1) inch outlet opening; c) regulated to a 30 PSI discharge pressure; d) applied a distance of 20 feet from the door structure; and e) the time period of application of the water stream against the middle and all exposed parts of the door structure is controlled at a rate of 1.5 seconds per square foot.
The door being tested passes this testing procedure if no door panel or door members are disengaged from the supporting door frame assembly and if no openings are created.
In summary, the fire retardant panel doors 10, 210, and 410 and the door frames 30 and 230, respectively, of the present invention have passed a ninety (90) minute burn test performed by a I.T.S. testing laboratory to obtain and meet the fire resistant specification known as the ANSI/U.L. 10B fire burn test for doors.
ADVANTAGES OF THE PRESENT INVENTIONAccordingly, it is an advantage of the present invention that it provides a reinforced fire retardant panel door and door frame that prevents buckling of the door during a fire.
Another advantage of the present invention is that it provides for a reinforced fire retardant panel door and door frame that has supplemental fire resistant materials strategically embedded and placed within the tongue and groove joints of the fire resistant panel door, as well as supplemental fire resistant materials placed on the perimeter edges of the fire resistant panel door for preventing the spread of fire through the door and door frame
Another advantage of the present invention is that is provides for a reinforced fire retardant panel door and door frame that has intumescent and fire resistant material layers within the panel door and door frame for preventing the spread of fire through the door and door frame.
Another advantage of the present invention is that it provides for a reinforced fire retardant panel door and door frame that has fire resistant materials being multiple layers of intumescent material that expands in the presence of fire such that the intumescent material closes and seals the component tongue and groove joints, as well as the perimeter edges of the fire retardant panel door for preventing the spread of fire through the door and door frame.
Another advantage of the present invention is that it provides for a reinforced fire retardant panel door and door frame that is used as part of an interior or exterior personal living space, or workspace being installed within home dwellings, commercial buildings or industrial plants.
Another advantage of the present invention is that it provides for a reinforced fire retardant panel door and door frame that has stiles and rails having metal L-shaped beads therein in order to form an exoskeleton for further strengthening and tying together the stiles and rails within the panel door in order to keep the panel door from buckling during a fire.
Another advantage of the present invention is that it provides for a reinforced panel door and door frame that has improved aesthetic qualities by having a maxium panel core thickness of ⅜ of an inch allowing for a minimum thickness of 1¾ inches of the fire resistant and reinforced panel door which allows for greater profiling (depth) of the exterior wood molding between the center panel and the stiles and rails.
Another advantage of the present invention is that it provides for a reinforced panel door and door frame that includes a heat activated door pin or door hook assembly for preventing the active (free) panel door from buckling during a fire.
Another advantage of the present invention is that it provides for a reinforced fire retardant panel door and door frame that is aesthetically pleasing having the appearance of natural wood, and has achieved a successful fire rating of at least 90 minutes and passes a positive pressure test, and is easily installed in a building.
A further advantage of the present invention is that it provides for a reinforced fire retardant panel door and door frame that can be mass produced in an automated and economical matter and is readily affordable to the builder or consumer.
A latitude of modification, change, and substitution is intended in the foregoing disclosure, and in some instances, some features of the invention will be employed without a corresponding use of other features. Accordingly, it is appropriate that the appended claims be construed broadly and in a manner consistent with the spirit and scope of the invention herein.
Claims
1. A fire retardant panel door, comprising:
- a) a panel door having at least one door panel and stiles and rails;
- b) said door panel including an interior composite section formed by a first plurality of layers of intumescent materials and a first plurality of layers of fire resistant materials disposed between and laminated to a pair of outer sections formed of wood for enclosing said interior composite section to form a composite laminated door panel;
- c) each of said stiles including a first core formed of wood enclosed by a second plurality of layers of intumescent materials and a second plurality of layers of fire resistant materials; said second layers of intumescent and fire resistant materials enclosed by a first layer formed of wood to form a composite laminated stile;
- d) each of said rails including a second core formed of wood enclosed by a third plurality of layers of intumescent materials and a third plurality of layers of fire resistant materials; said third layers of intumescent and fire resistant materials enclosed by a second layer formed of wood to form a composite laminated rail;
- e) said first, second, and third plurality of layers of intumescent materials being activated to expand upon exposure to heat and/or fire to prevent the heat and/or fire from passing through said at least one door panel, said stiles and said rails of said panel door during a fire for at least 90 minutes; and
- f) said at least one door panel being connected to said panel door by joints; and said joints having a fourth plurality of layers of intumescent materials and a fourth plurality of layers of fire resistant materials; wherein said fourth plurality of layers of intumescent materials in said joints being activated to expand upon exposure to heat and/or fire to seal said joints in order to prevent the heat and/or fire from passing through said panel door during a fire for at least 90 minutes.
2. A fire retardant panel door in accordance with claim 1, wherein said first plurality of layers of intumescent materials includes four intumescent layers and said first plurality of layers of fire resistant materials includes two fire resistant barrier layers for forming said interior composite section of said at least one door panel.
3. A fire retardant panel door in accordance with claim 2, wherein at least one of said four intumescent layers includes sodium silicate; and wherein at least one of said two fire resistant barrier layers includes a fire resistant metallo alumino silicate resin of said interior composite section.
4. A fire retardant panel door in accordance with claim 1, wherein said second plurality of layers of intumescent materials includes at least two intumescent layers and said second plurality of layers of fire resistant materials includes two fire resistant barrier layers for forming a first composite of said two intumescent layers and said two fire resistant barrier layers within said composite laminated stile.
5. A fire retardant panel door in accordance with claim 4, wherein at least one of said at least two intumescent layers includes sodium silicate and wherein at least one of said at least two intumescent layers includes rockwool silicates; and wherein at least one of said two fire resistant barrier layers includes a fire resistant metallo alumino silicate resin of said composite laminated stile.
6. A fire retardant panel door in accordance with claim 1, wherein said third plurality of layers of intumescent materials includes at least two intumescent layers and said third plurality of layers of fire resistant materials includes two fire resistant barrier layers for forming a second composite of said two intumescent layers and said two fire resistant barrier layers within said composite laminated rail.
7. A fire retardant panel door in accordance with claim 6, wherein at least one of said at least two intumescent layers includes sodium silicate and wherein at least one of said at least two intumescent layers include rockwool silicates; and wherein at least one of said two fire resistant barrier layers includes a fire resistant metallo alumino silicate resin of said composite laminated rail.
8. A fire retardant panel door in accordance with claim 1, wherein said fourth plurality of layers of intumescent materials includes four intumescent layers and wherein said fourth plurality of layers of fire resistant materials includes two fire resistant barrier layers for forming a third composite of said four intumescent layers and said two fire resistant barrier layers within a tongue section of said joints of said door panel.
9. A fire retardant panel door in accordance with claim 8, wherein at least one of said four intumescent layers includes sodium silicate; and wherein at least one of said two fire resistant barrier layers includes a fire resistant metallo alumino silicate resin of said tongue section.
10. A fire retardant panel door in accordance with claim 1, wherein at least one layer of each of said first, second, third, and fourth plurality of layers of intumescent materials is made from a sodium silicate; wherein at least one layer of each of said second and third plurality of layers of intumescent materials is made from rockwool silicates; and wherein at least one layer of each of said first, second, third and fourth plurality of layers of fire resistant materials is made from a fire resistant metallo alumino silicate resin.
11. A fire retardant panel door in accordance with claim 1, wherein said wood of said pair of outer sections is selected from the group consisting of oak, maple, walnut, poplar, and pine.
12. A fire retardant panel door in accordance with claim 1, wherein said first plurality of layers of intumescent materials, said first plurality of layers of fire resistant materials, and said pair of outer sections of wood are laminated together using adhesive and pressure to form said composite laminated door panel.
13. A fire retardant panel door in accordance with claim 1, wherein said first wood core of said stile is a yellow poplar microllem wood material.
14. A fire retardant panel door in accordance with claim 1, wherein said first wood layer of said stile is selected from the group consisting of oak, maple, walnut, poplar and pine.
15. A fire retardant panel door in accordance with claim 13, wherein said first wood core, said second plurality of layers of intumescent materials, said second plurality of layers of fire resistant materials and said first wood layer are laminated together using adhesive and pressure to form said composite laminated stile.
16. A fire retardant panel door in accordance with claim 1, wherein said second wood core of said rail is a yellow poplar microllem wood material.
17. A fire retardant panel door in accordance with claim 1, wherein said second wood layer of said rail is selected from the group consisting of oak, maple, walnut, poplar and pine.
18. A fire retardant panel door in accordance with claim 17, wherein said second wood core, said third plurality of layers of intumescent materials, said third plurality of layers of fire resistant materials and said second wood layer are laminated together using adhesive and pressure to form said composite laminated rail.
19. A fire retardant panel door in accordance with claim 1, wherein said joints are tongue and groove joints.
20. A fire retardant panel door in accordance with claim 19, wherein said tongue and groove joints each include a tongue section and a groove section.
21. A fire retardant panel door in accordance with claim 20, wherein each of said tongue sections and groove sections are held together by attachment means.
22. A fire retardant panel door in accordance with claim 21, wherein said attachment means includes a staple and/or a nail through said tongue section and a groove section of said tongue and groove joints.
23. A fire retardant panel door in accordance with claim 1, wherein said panel door includes perimeter edging having said third and fourth plurality of layers of intumescent materials therein which expand upon exposure to heat and/or fire to seal said perimeter edging relative to a door frame in order to prevent the heat and/or fire from passing through said panel door and said door frame during a fire.
24. A fire retardant panel door in accordance with claim 1, wherein said at least one door panel includes one or more mullions for separating two or more door panels of said panel door.
25. A fire retardant panel door in accordance with claim 24, wherein each of said mullions includes a third core formed of wood enclosed by a fifth plurality of layers of intumescent materials; a fifth plurality of layers of fire resistant materials; said fifth layers of intumescent materials and said fifth layers of fire resistant materials being enclosed by a third layer formed of wood to form a composite laminated mullion.
26. A fire retardant panel door in accordance with claim 24, wherein said fifth plurality of layers of intumescent materials includes at least two intumescent layers and wherein said fifth plurality of layers of fire resistant materials includes two fire resistant barrier layers for forming a fourth composite of said two intumescent layers and said two fire resistant barrier layers within said composite laminated mullion.
27. A fire retardant panel door in accordance with claim 26, wherein at least one of said at least two intumescent layers includes sodium silicate and wherein at least one of said at least two intumescent layers include rockwool silicates; and wherein at least one of said two fire resistant barrier layers includes a fire resistant metallo alumino silicate resin of said composite laminated mullion.
28. A fire retardant panel door in accordance with claim 24, wherein said third wood core of said mullion is a yellow poplar microllom wood material.
29. A fire retardant panel door in accordance with claim 24, wherein said third wood layer of said mullion is selected from the group consisting of oak, maple, walnut, poplar and pine.
30. A fire retardant panel door in accordance with claim 24, wherein said third wood core, said fifth plurality of layers of intumescent materials, said fifth plurality of layers of fire resistant materials and said third wood layer are laminated together using adhesive and pressure to form said composite laminated mullion.
31. A fire retardant panel door in accordance with claim 23, wherein said door frame includes jambs and an upper header.
32. A fire retardant panel door in accordance with claim 31, wherein each of said jambs includes a fourth core formed of wood enclosed by a sixth plurality of layers of intumescent materials and a sixth plurality of layers of fire resistant materials; said sixth layers of intumescent materials and said sixth plurality of layers of fire resistant materials are enclosed by a fourth layer formed of wood to form a composite laminated jamb.
33. A fire retardant panel door in accordance with claim 32, wherein said sixth plurality of layers of intumescent materials includes at least one intumescent layer and wherein said sixth plurality of layers of fire resistant material includes one fire resistant barrier layer for forming a fifth composite of said one intumescent layer and said one fire resistant barrier layer within said composite laminated jamb.
34. A fire retardant panel door in accordance with claim 33, wherein at least one of said intumescent layers includes sodium silicate; wherein at least one of said intumescent layers include rockwool silicates; and wherein said fire resistant barrier layer includes a fire resistant metallo alumino silicate resin.
35. A fire retardant panel door in accordance with claim 32, wherein said fourth wood core of said jamb is selected from the group consisting of oak, maple, walnut, poplar and pine.
36. A fire retardant panel door in accordance with claim 32, wherein said fourth wood layer of said jamb is selected from the group consisting of oak, maple, walnut, poplar and pine.
37. A fire retardant panel door in accordance with claim 32, wherein said fourth wood core, said sixth plurality of layers of intumescent materials, said sixth plurality of layers of fire resistant materials and said fourth wood layer are laminated together using adhesive and pressure to form said composite laminated jamb.
38. A fire retardant panel door in accordance with claim 31, wherein said upper header includes a fifth core formed of wood enclosed by a seventh plurality of layers of intumescent materials and a seventh plurality of layers of fire resistant materials; said seventh layers of intumescent materials and said seventh plurality of layers of fire resistant materials are enclosed by a fifth layer formed of wood to form a composite laminated upper header on said door frame.
39. A fire retardant panel door in accordance with claim 38, wherein said seventh plurality of layers of intumescent materials includes two intumescent layers and wherein said seventh plurality of layers of fire resistant materials includes at least one layer of fire resistant barrier layer for forming a sixth composite of said two intumescent layers and said one fire resistant barrier layer within said composite laminated upper header.
40. A fire retardant panel door in accordance with claim 39, wherein at least one of said two intumescent layers includes sodium silicate; and wherein at least one of said two intumescent layers includes rockwool silicates; and wherein at least one of said fire resistant barrier layers includes a fire resistant metallo alumino silicate resin.
41. A fire retardant panel door in accordance with claim 38, wherein said fifth wood core of said upper header is selected from the group consisting of oak, maple, walnut, poplar and pine.
42. A fire retardant panel door in accordance with claim 38, wherein said fifth wood layer of said upper header is selected from the group consisting of oak, maple, walnut, poplar and pine.
43. A fire retardant panel door in accordance with claim 38, wherein said fifth wood core, said seventh plurality of layers of intumescent materials, said seventh plurality of layers of fire resistant materials and said fifth wood applique layer are laminated together using adhesive and pressure to form said composite laminated upper header.
44. A fire retardant panel door in accordance with claim 38, wherein said door frame includes perimeter surface walls having said sixth and seventh plurality of layers of intumescent materials therein which expand upon exposure to heat and/or fire to seal said perimeter surface walls within said door frame in order to prevent the heat and/or fire from passing through said panel door and said door frame during a fire.
45. A fire retardant panel door in accordance with claim 1, further including a double door assembly having a first panel door with one or more door panels, stiles, and rails, and having a second panel door with one or more door panels, stiles, rails, and mullions within a double door frame.
46. A fire retardant panel door in accordance with claim 19, wherein said tongue and groove joints include first air gaps between said first plurality of layers of intumescent materials of said door panel and said second plurality of layers of intumescent materials of said stile for expansion of said first and second plurality of layers of intumescent materials within said first air gaps upon exposure to heat and/or fire to seal said tongue and groove joints in order to prevent the heat and/or fire from passing through said door panel and said stile during a fire.
47. A fire retardant panel door in accordance with claim 19, wherein said tongue and groove joints include second air gaps between said first plurality of layers of intumescent materials of said door panel and said third plurality of layers of intumescent materials of said rail for expansion of said first and third plurality of layers of intumescent materials within said second air gaps upon exposure to heat and/or fire to seal said tongue and groove joints in order to prevent the heat and/or fire from passing through said door panel and said rail during a fire.
48. A fire retardant panel door in accordance with claim 19, wherein said tongue and groove joints include third air gaps between said second plurality of layers of intumescent materials of said stile and said third plurality of layers of intumescent materials of said rail for expansion of said second and third plurality of layers of intumescent materials within said third air gaps upon exposure to heat and/or fire to seal said tongue and groove joints in order to prevent the heat and/or fire from passing through said stile and said rail during a fire.
49. A fire retardant panel door in accordance with claim 1, wherein said first plurality of layers of intumescent materials includes five intumescent layers and wherein said first plurality of layers of fire resistant materials includes at least one fire resistant barrier layer for forming said interior composite section.
50. A fire retardant panel door in accordance with claim 1, wherein said composite laminated style further includes a plurality of metal L-shaped beads being positioned between one of said second plurality of layers of intumescent materials and one of said second plurality of layers of fire resistant materials in conjunction with said intumescent and fire resistant material layers together to form an exoskeleton layer in order to further strengthen said composite laminated stile.
51. A fire retardant panel door in accordance with claim 1, wherein said composite laminated rail further includes a plurality of metal L-shaped beads being positioned between one of said third plurality of layers of intumescent materials and one of said third plurality of layers of fire resistant materials in conjunction with said intumescent and fire resistant material layers together to form an exoskeleton layer in order to further strengthen said composite laminated rail.
52. A fire retardant panel door in accordance with claim 32, wherein said composite laminated jamb further includes a pair of metal L-shaped beads being positioned between one of said sixth plurality of intumescent materials and one of said sixth plurality of layers of fire resistant materials in conjunction with said intumescent and fire resistant material layers together to form a partial exoskeleton layer in order to further strengthen said composite laminated jamb.
53. A fire retardant panel door in accordance with claim 1, wherein one of said composite laminated stiles includes an upper corner having a heat activated door pin assembly therein.
54. A fire retardant panel door in accordance with claim 53, wherein said heat activated door pin assembly includes a housing member and a hollow door bolt pin having an internal compressive spring and a rod member therein.
55. A fire retardant panel door in accordance with claim 54, wherein said door bolt pin being movable from an unexpanded first position to an expanded second position.
56. A fire retardant panel door in accordance with claim 55, wherein said compressible spring and said rod member together include an upper rod end having a fusible solder link therein which melts at least at 117° F. allowing said combined compressible spring and fusible solder link to eject said door bolt pin through a strike plate opening of a strike plate located within a bolt opening of said upper header to said expanded second position in order to prevent any movement of said upper corner of said stile of said fire retardant panel door relative to said door frame.
57. A fire retardant panel door in accordance with claim 54, wherein said housing member includes a pin opening for receiving said door bolt pin therein and having a proximal end and a distal end.
58. A fire retardant panel door in accordance with claim 57, wherein said proximal end of said housing member of said heat activated door pin assembly includes a pair of intumescent pads which upon exposure to excessive heat and/or fire expands rapidly to at least 22 times its original thickness in order to permanently lock said door bolt pin in said expanded second position within said upper-bolt opening of said upper header of said door frame.
59. A fire retardant panel door in accordance with claim 1, wherein on of said composite laminated stiles includes an upper corner having a heat activated door hook assembly therein.
60. A fire retardant panel door in accordance with claim 59, wherein said heat activated door hook assembly includes a housing member having an internal compressible spring having a first spring end and a second spring end attached to a hook member having a hook section fusible solder link therein.
61. A fire retardant panel door in accordance with claim 60, wherein said compressible spring and hook member being movable from a tensioned first position to an untensioned second position.
62. A fire retardant panel door in accordance with claim 61, wherein said first spring end of said compressible spring is detachably connected to a first end of said fusible solder link and said second spring end of said compressible spring is attached to a second end of said fusible solder link which melts at least at 117° F. allowing said combined compressible spring and hook member to rotatably move in a clockwise motion such that said hook section of said hook member moves through a strike plate opening of an upper strike plate located within an opening of said upper header to said untensioned second position in order to prevent any movement and buckling of said upper corner of said stile of said fire retardant panel door relative to said door frame when exposed to heat and/or fire.
63. A fire retardant panel door, comprising:
- a) a panel door having a door panel;
- b) said door panel including an interior composite section formed of a first plurality of layers of intumescent materials and a first plurality of layers of fire resistant materials disposed between and laminated to a pair of outer sections formed of wood for enclosing said interior composite section to form a composite laminated door panel; and
- c) said first plurality of layers of intumescent materials being activated to expand upon exposure to heat and/or fire to prevent the heat and/or fire from passing through said door panel of said panel door and a door frame during a fire.
64. A fire retardant panel door in accordance with claim 63, wherein said first plurality of layers of intumescent materials includes at least five intumescent layers for forming said interior composite section, wherein at least one of said at least five intumescent layers includes sodium silicate and wherein at least one of said at least five intumescent layers include rockwool silicates; and wherein at least one of said fire resistant layers includes a fire resistant metallo alumino silicate resin.
65. A heat activated door pin assembly for preventing the movement and buckling of an upper free corner of a panel doors comprising:
- a) a housing member being substantially cylindrically-shaped having an opening and an interior compartment for receiving a hollow door bolt pin therein, said interior compartment having a proximal end and a distal end;
- b) said hollow door bolt pin including an internal compressive spring and a rod member having a proximal rod end and a distal rod end therein;
- c) said distal rod end of said rod member including a fusible solder link;
- d) said fusible solder link melting at least at 117° F.; and
- e) said door bolt pin being movable from an expanded first position to an expanded second position when activated by excessive heat and/or fire.
66. A heat activated door pin assembly in accordance with claim 65, wherein said compressible spring and said fusible solder link activates at 117° F. by excessive heat and/or fire allowing said compressible spring to eject said door bolt pin through a strike plate opening of a strike plate located within a bolt opening of said upper header to said expanded second position in order to prevent any movement and buckling of said upper free corner of said fire retardant panel door relative to said door frame.
67. A heat activated door pin assembly in accordance with claim 65, wherein said proximal end of said housing member of said that heat activated door pin assembly includes a pair of intumescent pads which upon exposure to excessive heat and/or fire expands rapidly to at least 22 times its original thickness in order to permanently lock said door bolt pin in said expanded second position within said upper-bolt opening of said upper header of said door frame.
68. A heat activated door hook assembly for preventing the movement and buckling of an upper free corner of a panel door, comprising:
- a) a housing member being substantially rectangularly-shaped housing a top wall in the form of a strike plate, a bottom wall, a front wall, a rear wall and side walls for forming an interior compartment;
- b) said interior compartment of said housing member including a movable door hook member having a hook section, a shaft opening, an end section, a front wall and a rear wall; a shaft member; an internal compressible spring having a first spring end and a second spring end; and a fusible solder link having a first solder link end and a second solder link end;
- c) said strike plate including a hook opening for receiving said hook section of said movable door hook member and a solder link opening for receiving said first solder link end of said fusible solder link therethrough;
- d) said compressible spring being attached to said front wall of said door hook member and adjacent to said shaft opening; said shaft opening of said door hook member pivots on said shaft member;
- e) said first spring end of said compressible spring is received within a pin opening of said side wall in order to hold said compressible spring in place on said side wall;
- f) said second solder link end is attached to said second spring end of said compressible spring, wherein said compressible spring is in an unexpanded configuration;
- g) said fusible solder link melting at least 117° F.; and
- h) said hook section of said door hook member and said compressible spring being rotatable in a clockwise motion from a tensioned first position to an untensioned second position when activated by excessive heat and/or fire.
69. A heat activated door hook assembly in accordance with claim 68, wherein said compressible spring and said fusible solder link is activated at said 117° F. by excessive heat and/or fire allowing said compressive spring to rotatably move said hook section of said door hook member through an upper strike plate located within an opening of an upper header to said untensioned second position in order to prevent any movement and buckling of said upper free corner of said panel door relative to a door frame when exposed to heat and/or fire.
70. A heat activated door hook assembly in accordance with claim 68, wherein said strike plate includes opposing ends each having a mounting opening therethrough for receiving a mounting screw therein.
71. A heat activated door hook assembly in accordance with claim 68, wherein said front and rear walls include shaft openings for receiving and attaching said shaft member therein.
72. A heat activated door hook assembly in accordance with claim 68, wherein said bottom wall includes a bottom opening for accessing said door hook member.
73. A heat activated door hook assembly in accordance with claim 71, wherein shaft opening of said door hook member pivots about said attached shaft member, where then said hook section of said door hook member rotatably moves within said upper strike opening of said upper strike plate permanently such that said hook section prevents any movement and buckling of said upper free corner of said panel to said untensioned second position when activated by excessive heat and/or fire.
Type: Application
Filed: Jun 14, 2004
Publication Date: Dec 29, 2005
Inventors: Enrico Autovino (Avenel, NJ), James Jelinski (Avenel, NJ)
Application Number: 10/867,051