Vascular wound closure device
An apparatus is provided for facilitating the locating and closing of an opening in a blood vessel. The apparatus includes a catheter and retractor that are advanced over a guidewire until they are positioned at or adjacent the vascular wound. The retractor comprises a plurality of members that close upon and engage the catheter. A coupling member selectively maintains the retractor members in the closed position.
This application is a continuation of U.S. application Ser. No. 09/929,700, filed Aug. 13, 2001, which is a divisional of U.S. application Ser. No. 09/325,982, filed Jun. 4, 1999, now U.S. Pat. No. 6,287,322, which is a continuation-in-part of U.S. application Ser. No. 09/092,282, now U.S. Pat. No. 6,524,326, filed Jun. 5, 1998, which is a continuation-in-part of U.S. application Ser. No. 08/984,757, now U.S. Pat. No. 6,425,901, filed Dec. 4, 1997, which is a continuation-in-part of U.S. application Ser. No. 08/943,369, filed Oct. 3, 1997, now abandoned, which is a continuation-in-part of U.S. application Ser. No. 08/764,611, U.S. Pat. No. 6,004,341 filed Dec. 5, 1996, which claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Application Ser. No. 60/009,643, filed Dec. 7, 1995. The entirety of each of the priority applications is hereby incorporated herein by reference.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a system which assists in the locating of openings in tissue, including punctures, and facilitates the treatment, diagnosis or revision, of those areas. More specifically, in the case of closure of the opening, the invention relates to devices which aid in locating and isolating the opening.
2. Description of the Related Art
In many medical procedures, there is a necessity to locate an opening in tissue so that some form of treatment, diagnosis or revision, can be applied to that opening. For example, in order to use transluminal balloon angioplasty an opening must be created in order to insert a balloon; this opening must be later located to be closed. Transluminal balloon angioplasty is used in the treatment of peripheral vascular disease to increase or restore blood flow through a significantly narrowed artery in a limb; it is also used in the treatment of blockage of the coronary arteries. In fact, coronary angioplasty has emerged as a major viable alternative to bypass surgery for revascularization of stenotic and occluded coronary arteries. Unlike bypass surgery, angioplasty does not require general anesthesia, opening of the chest wall, use of a heart-lung machine, or transfusion of blood. Angioplasty is not only less invasive and less traumatic to the patient, it is also less expensive because of the shorter hospital stay and shorter recovery time.
Transluminal balloon angioplasty is performed by first inserting a hollow needle through the skin and into the patient's femoral artery. A guidewire is advanced through the hollow needle and into the artery, then along the patient's vasculature toward the site of the blocked blood vessel or heart valve to be treated. X-ray imaging is used to help move the guidewire through the vascular system and into position just past the stenosis to be treated. A balloon catheter is then threaded over the guidewire and advanced until the deflated balloon is within the stenosis. The balloon is then repeatedly inflated to widen the narrowed blood vessel. After the procedure is complete, the catheter and guidewire are withdrawn from the blood vessels and the patient.
Angiography, which is used to detect diseases that alter the appearance of blood vessels, is performed in a similar manner. A hollow needle is first inserted through the skin and into the femoral artery, and a guidewire is then inserted through the needle and into the affected blood vessel. A catheter is then threaded over the guidewire and into the blood vessel to be examined, using x-ray imaging to guide the catheter to the desired position. Contrast medium is then injected, and a rapid sequence of x-ray pictures are taken so that blood flow along the affected vessel can be studied. Once complete, the catheter and guidewire are removed from the patient's body.
After the catheter and guidewire used during angioplasty or angiography are removed, the puncture wound in the femoral artery must be closed and the bleeding through the puncture site in the artery stopped. Currently, ice packs and/or pressure are applied to the artery for a period lasting up to several hours in an attempt to stop the bleeding. There exists, however, a significant chance that upon movement by the patient, the wound will reopen and begin bleeding again. Although efforts have been made to close the puncture wound using staples, clips, and sutures, they have been unsuccessful, largely due to the inability to clearly locate and visualize the puncture wound in the femoral artery.
Other wounds in the vasculature of a patient can also be difficult to locate and access. Thus, a device and method to facilitate the location of such wounds in the vasculature of a patient, such as femoral artery puncture wounds following transluminal balloon angioplasty and angiography, would be extremely beneficial. A device having the ability to aid in locating and isolating the puncture wound and facilitating the closure of the wound by everting the edges of the wound opening and then using staples, clips, sutures, plugs or adhesives would eliminate the prolonged bleeding currently associated with such wounds.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTIONThe preferred form of the invention facilitates the location of the tissue opening, e.g., an opening in a vessel. The purpose of such location is to allow for the performing of other medical procedures on the opening or surrounding tissue. These procedures include but are not limited to therapeutic (e.g., radiation, drug delivery, etc.), closure of the opening, or modification of the opening (e.g., enlarging the opening) procedures.
In accordance with one embodiment, the present invention provides a vascular wound locator device, comprising an elongate body having proximal and distal ends. At least a portion of the body is tapered toward the distal end. The body comprises two separately-formed elongate body members. Each body member has an inner surface having an elongate groove formed therein. When the internal surfaces of the body members abut one another, the grooves cooperate to form a channel extending along the length of the body. An elongate hollow dilator is included and has an elongate lumen comprising a proximal opening and a distal opening at the proximal and distal ends, respectively, of the dilator. The lumen is sized and adapted to accommodate a guidewire therethrough. The dilator is sized and adapted so that part of the dilator fits within the body channel, and the distal end of the dilator extends from the body channel. An annular cap of the embodiment is configured to fit over the proximal end of the body when the body members are engaged with one another. The annular cap has a hole adapted to generally align with the body channel. A coupling structure is adapted to engage the annular cap with the proximal end of the body so that the body members are held together at least partially by the annular cap.
In accordance with another embodiment, a vascular wound closure device is provided. The device comprises a retractor comprising two elongate members adapted to move relative to each other between open and closed positions. Each retractor member has a distal end and a proximal end. The members are adapted to define a longitudinal channel therebetween when in the closed position An elongate catheter has a lumen adapted to slidably accommodate a guidewire. The catheter is configured to at least partially fit into the longitudinal channel so that a distal portion of the catheter extends from a distal end of the retractor. Means are provided for aligning the elongate retractor members and selectively maintaining the retractor members in the closed position so that the retractor members engage the catheter and hold the catheter in place. The aligning means comprises an aperture generally aligned with the longitudinal channel.
In yet another embodiment, the present invention provides an apparatus for facilitating closure of an opening in a blood vessel, which includes a closure instrument having an elongated member defining a longitudinal axis with proximal and distal ends. The elongated member has a vacuum lumen extending at least a portion of the length thereof for conveying a vacuum and terminating in a vacuum port adjacent the distal end of the elongated member. The distal end of the elongated member is dimensioned to be positioned proximal a vessel opening in a blood vessel whereby vessel edge portions defining the vessel opening are at least drawn toward the vacuum port in response to a vacuum conveyed through the vacuum lumen. At least one surgical clip, preferably, two, is mounted adjacent the distal end of the elongated member and is adapted to be formed to an at least partially formed condition thereof. The one clip is positioned with respect to the vacuum port to engage the vessel edge portions drawn toward the vacuum port upon movement of the one clip to the formed condition thereof to generally approximate the vessel edge portions to at least partially close the vessel opening.
The apparatus may further include a clip forming member mounted to the elongated member and engageable with the one clip. The clip forming member is movable relative to the elongated member to move the one clip to the formed condition thereof. Preferably, first and second clip forming members are mounted to the elongated member in diametrically opposed relation.
In another preferred embodiment, an apparatus for facilitating closure of an opening in a blood vessel, includes an elongated member having a vacuum lumen extending at least a portion of the length thereof for conveying a vacuum and terminating in an axial vacuum port, a source of vacuum connectable to the elongated member in communication with the vacuum lumen whereby vacuum forces conveyed through the vacuum lumen and vacuum port cause vessel edge portions defining the vessel opening to be at least partially drawn into the vacuum port such that the vessel edge portions assume a general everted condition, and a pair of surgical clips releasably mounted to the distal end of the elongated member adjacent the vacuum port and positioned to engage the vessel edge portions drawn into the vacuum port upon movement of the surgical clips to respective formed conditions thereof to thereby approximate the vessel edge portions to at least partially close the vessel opening. The apparatus may further include a manually actuable clip forming mechanism mounted to the elongated member. The clip forming mechanisms are movable to move the surgical clips to respective formed conditions thereof.
A method for locating a vessel opening in a blood vessel is also disclosed. The method includes the steps of applying a vacuum to the blood vessel adjacent the vessel opening such that the apparatus applying the vacuum first locates the area surrounding the vessel opening by drawing a mixture of blood and bodily fluid, then isolates the exact location of the vessel opening by being moved to the location where only blood is drawn. Once the location and isolation of a vessel opening is achieved, other medical procedures can be performed on the opening or its surrounding tissue. These medical procedures can be therapeutic (drug or radiation delivery) or closing or modifying (e.g. enlargement of vessel opening) in type. Also, once the vessel opening has been isolated, the further vacuum application everts vessel edge portions defining the vessel opening. Once eversion of the vessel edge portions occur, closing techniques can be used to close the opening.
Due to the use of a vacuum, contaminants and blood clots are cleaned off the puncture site allowing better healing of the wound. Also, re-entry is made easier and less scarring is produced.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
Although the description which follows details the location, eversion, and closure of a puncture wound in a femoral artery, the present invention is not intended to be limited to use only with the femoral artery. Rather, the description which follows is exemplary and preferred only, and those of skill in the art can readily modify the apparatus and method described below to use with other types of tissue openings.
Referring first to
Once the guidewire 20 is in the desired location, a catheter is used. The proximal end of the guidewire 21 is inserted into the distal end of the catheter, and the catheter is threaded over the guidewire 20 and advanced to the desired location. In the case of angioplasty, the catheter has an inflatable balloon attached at its distal end. Once in position within the stenosis, the balloon is repeatedly inflated and deflated to widen the narrowed blood vessel. In the case of angiography, a catheter is threaded over the guidewire 20 as just described and into the blood vessel to be examined. Contrast medium is then injected, and a rapid sequence of x-ray pictures are taken so that blood flow along the affected vessel can be studied.
After either of these procedures is completed, the catheter and guidewire 20 are withdrawn from the blood vessel and the patient. The puncture wound 25 in the femoral artery 10 caused by the insertion of the hollow needle 15, guidewire 20 and catheter must be closed and the bleeding through the puncture site 25 in the artery 10 stopped.
Construction of the Retractor
In order to facilitate the closure of the wound 25 in the femoral artery 10, a retractor 30 is employed. The retractor 30, illustrated in
As illustrated in
Alternate Embodiment of the Retractor
Another preferred embodiment of the invention is illustrated in
The retractor 100, as illustrated in
Second Alternate Embodiment of the Retractor
Yet another embodiment of the retractor of the present invention is illustrated in
The collar 206 of the device 200 includes a pin assembly 212 comprising two parallel pins 212a, 212b attached at one end to a handle 212c, and two set screws 214a, 214b. As illustrated in
Third Alternate Embodiment of the Retractor
Still another embodiment of the retractor of the present invention is illustrated in
Handles 316a, 316b are located at the proximal end 304 of the retractor 300. The handles 316a, 316b are preferably elongate and of a dimension sufficient to permit manipulation by hand. The handles 316a, 316b are securely connected to the body portion 302 of the retractor 300. The handles 316a, 316b are used to control the movement of the retracting portion 308 of the retractor 300.
Fourth Alternate Embodiment of the Retractor
Yet another embodiment of the retractor of the present invention is illustrated in
Handles 616a, 616b are located at the proximal end 604 of the retractor 600. The handles 616a, 616b are preferably elongate and of a dimension sufficient to permit manipulation by hand. Each handle 616a, 616b is preferably formed as a unitary piece with a corresponding body portion 602a, 602b, respectively. The handles 616a, 616b are used to control the movement of the retracting portion 608 of the retractor 600. A hinge 618 operating between the handle/body pairs 616a/602a, 616b/602b is adapted so that when the handles 616a, 616b are moved away from each other, the body halves 602a, 602b are moved toward each other.
A spring 640 is attached to and operates between the handles 616a, 616b. Preferably, the spring 640 is adapted to exert force F′ on the handles 616a, 616b, biasing the handles apart from each other. Thus, the spring 640 biases the retracting portion halves 602a, 602b towards each other. Engagement of the release member stop 634 in the stop bar teeth 622 is adapted to prevent movement of the handles apart from each other. However, the release member stop 634 is also adapted so that when the handles 616a, 616b are squeezed toward each other, opening the retraction portion halves 602a, 602b, the head stop 634 “ratchets” over the teeth 622. Thus, movement of the handle halves 616a, 616b toward each other is accommodated by the stop 634, but movement of the handle halves 616a, 616b away from each other is prevented by the stop 634 when it is engaged with the stop bar teeth 622. Thus, a clinician using the retractor 600 can open the retractor halves 602a, 602b to a precise point by simply squeezing the handle halves 616a, 616b together. The stop 634 and stop bar 620 prevent the retractor halves 602a, 602b from closing again once the desired open position is reached. When the clinician desires to close the retractor 600, the clinician need only manipulate the release member arm 626, thus disengaging the stop 634 from the stop bar teeth 622. The hinge 640 then urges the handle halves 616a, 616b away from each other and the retractor halves 602, 602b toward each other into the closed position.
The retractors of the present invention are preferably formed of one of many strong, biocompatible engineering polymers. Plastics such as polypropylene, polyethylene, or polyterephthalate, are preferred. Elastomers such as silastics or silicones can also be used. Most preferably, metals such stainless or surgical steel, or titanium, are used to form the retractor.
Construction of the Dilator
As illustrated in
In one embodiment of the present invention, the dilator is preferably notched 152 near its distal end 151 around its entire circumference. This notch 152 provides a seat and guide point for the tapered distal tips of the two halves 102a, 102b of the retractor body, such that when the retractor 100 is closed upon the dilator 150, the sharp distal tip of the retractor body 112 is buried in the notch 152 of the dilator. This forms a smooth transition between the dilator 150 and retractor 100 (
The dilator 150 also preferably includes at least one indicator hole 154. The dilator 150 illustrated in
Alternatively, a transducer-tipped pressure monitoring catheter, mounted to the outside of the dilator 150, may be used in conjunction with the dilator 150 and indicator holes 154. Use of the indicator holes 154 and pressure sensor will be described in detail below.
Dilator/Retractor Assembly
Another embodiment of the present invention comprises an entire femoral artery localization and closure assembly illustrated in
Alternate Embodiments of the Dilator
In another embodiment of the invention, a modified dilator 150 is used. As illustrated in
In yet another embodiment, illustrated in
The inner sleeve 230 of the double-sleeved balloon 222 is preferably shaped to facilitate the insertion of the retractor 200 between the two sleeves 229, 230, as will be described in more detail below. As illustrated in
The dilator 220 having both a double-sleeved balloon 222 and a second, distal balloon 224, is further illustrated in
Dual Lumen Catheter
In yet another embodiment of the invention, a dual-lumen catheter is used to locate the exact site of the puncture wound. As illustrated in
The outer lumen of the dual-lumen catheter 340 surrounds the inner lumen 342, and also extends from the proximal end of the catheter 344 to the distal end 346. Near the distal end of the catheter 346, at least one indicator hole 352 is positioned in the outer wall of the catheter 340. The indicator hole 352 provides fluid communication between the area outside of the catheter 340 and the outer lumen. The outer surface of the catheter 354 surrounding the indicator hole 352 is preferably raised, acting as a stop. Preferably, the distance between the indicator hole 352 and the proximal end of the raised surface of the retractor 354, is approximately the same as the thickness of the wall of the femoral artery. As will be explained below, the retractor 300 is first mounted on the distal end of the catheter, and positioned such that the distal tip of the retracting portion 310 stops at a guide point just proximal to the raised surface 354, about 0.5 mm proximal to the indicator hole 352. This assures that the distal tip of the retracting portion 310 will be properly positioned inside the patient's body at the site of the wound in the artery.
At the proximal end of the catheter 344, the proximal end 358 of the outer lumen is preferably joined to a connector 364, such as a Luer-type connector, which is adapted to receive a syringe 360 or other source of negative pressure, as will be explained in more detail below.
The Surgical Clip Applicator
The retractor of the present invention is used to facilitate closure of wounds to the vasculature of a patient using surgical clips, staples, or sutures. One aspect of the present invention therefore includes the use of a surgical clip applicator 70. A surgical clip applicator 70 for use with the retractor 30 of the present invention is illustrated in
The surgical clip applicator 70 preferably also has a stop 85 located proximal of the distal end 75, at the point where the proximal ends of the wings of the applicator 77a, 77b end. As will be explained, the stop 85 also aids in the proper positioning of the clip applicator 70 at the site of the vascular puncture 25, and prevents the clip applicator 70 from being inserted too far into the patient's body.
Alternate Surgical Clip Applicator Assembly
Referring now to
Attached to the guide body 140 is a guidetube 136 which is adapted to accept the guidewire 144. A preferred embodiment of said guidetube 136 includes a mechanism to close the guidetube 136 once the guidewire 144 has entered. Such a mechanism may involve a second partially open tube which fits within said guidetube 136. This second tube can be rotated within the guidetube 136 to open the guidetube 136 when the openings in both tubes are aligned or close the guidetube 136 when the openings of the tubes are offset. To facilitate the opening and closing, the inner tube preferably includes a handle that passes through a slot in the outer guidetube 136. This mechanism can be spring-loaded like the closures commonly used on pieces of jewelry.
The surgical clip applicator guide assembly 134, together with the retractor 100 and the guidewire 144, is designed to accurately guide the clip applicator 132 to the site of the femoral artery puncture as detailed below. As explained above, the lateral edges of the winged guide plate 138 are configured to fit within the groove 126 (
Second Alternate Surgical Clip Applicator Assembly
An alternate embodiment of the surgical clip applicator assembly 250 is illustrated in
Methods of Use
Referring first to
In a preferred embodiment, a specially designed guidewire 20 having an inflatable balloon 24 located near its distal end 23 is used for the diagnostic or therapeutic procedure. The guidewire 20 is threaded through the hollow needle 15 and into the patient's vasculature. Alternatively, such as for balloon angioplasty procedures, a standard guidewire well known to those of skill in the art can be used in conjunction with a balloon catheter. The balloon on the distal end of the catheter can be used in place of the balloon 24 located on the guidewire 20.
Following completion of the therapeutic or diagnostic procedure, the catheter used during the procedure is removed. The guidewire 20 remains in place in the patient's vasculature. (Note that when a balloon catheter is used in place of a guidewire having a balloon on its distal end, the catheter is left inside the patient, and use of its balloon is identical to the use of the balloon 24 on the guidewire 20 described below). When the physician desires to close the wound 25 in the femoral artery 10, he or she first withdraws the guidewire 20 and/or catheter through the patient's vasculature using the portion of the guidewire 20 and/or catheter that remains outside the patient's body 21, until the distal end 23 of the guidewire 20 and/or catheter is within the femoral artery 10 close to the femoral artery puncture site 25. The balloon 24 on the distal end 23 of the guidewire 20 or catheter is then inflated, and the guidewire 20 or catheter is withdrawn further until the physician feels some resistance. This will indicate that the balloon 24 is inside the femoral artery 10 and at the site of the puncture wound 25. The physician then threads the proximal end of the guidewire 21 into the hole 49 located at the distal end 37 of the fully assembled retractor 30 (
In a preferred embodiment, the guidewire 20 used in conjunction with the femoral artery closure retractor 30 has a marking 27 on it which also helps to indicate when the retractor 30 has been properly positioned (
Once the retractor 30 is properly positioned within the patient's body, the surgical clip applicator 70 or other method of closing the puncture wound 25 is used. The cap 40 on the retractor 30 is first removed from the body by unscrewing (
First Alternate Method
Referring now to
If the tissue has been dilated as above, the smaller bore standard dilator is first removed. The proximal end of the guidewire 144 is first inserted into the distal channel 160 (
While the retractor-dilator assembly 101 is advanced into the patient's body, suction is continuously applied via the syringe 158 or other means of negative pressure (
Alternatively, the dilator 150 includes a pressure sensor (not shown) such as a fiber optic pressure sensor, near its distal tip. The sensor is preferably mounted to the outside wall of the dilator 150. In a preferred embodiment, a transducer-tipped pressure monitoring catheter, such as the Camino Catheter available from Camino Laboratories, San Diego, Calif., is used. The pressure sensor, mounted on the outside of the dilator 150, is inserted over the guidewire 144 and into the femoral artery. The pressure sensor, in conjunction with a pressure monitoring system, will indicate an increase in pressure when it is inserted into the femoral artery. At that point, the advancement of the retractor 100 is stopped, such that the distal tip of the retractor 112 is located just proximal the artery wall 10 at the site of the puncture wound. This allows the physician to properly locate the site of the femoral artery puncture wound in the patient.
Once the dilator 150 and retractor 100 are in proper position, the cap 104 is removed from the retractor 100 and the two halves 102a, 102b of the retractor body are separated slightly (
To close the wound, the retractor 100 must be retracted far enough to allow the surgical clip applicator assembly 130 to access the puncture site. Upon loosening the set screws 120a, 120b, the two halves 102a, 102b of the retractor are further separated by applying pressure on the retractor pin handle 116c (
Second Alternate Method
In an alternate embodiment illustrated in
The double-sleeved balloon 170 advantageously prevents the femoral artery closure retractor 100 from entering the femoral artery 10 and damaging it. Should the deflated balloon 170 be advanced into the femoral artery 10, the process of inflating the balloon 170 will pull the balloon 170 out of the artery 10, thereby safely creating a tunnel 176 used to access the artery 10.
The balloon 170 is preferably angled at its distal end 172 to allow the balloon 170 to “fit” the femoral artery 10, as shown in
Once the balloon 170 is inflated (
The retractor 100 and the outer sleeve of the balloon 180 form an access tunnel 182 between the femoral artery puncture wound and the surface of the patient's body, as illustrated in
At this point, with the retractor providing access to the femoral artery, the proximal end of the guidewire 144 is inserted into the guidetube 136 on the surgical clip applicator assembly 130 and the wings on the guide plate are fitted within the grooves 126 of the opened retractor body 102 (
In a preferred embodiment, just prior to closure of the puncture site, the flexible guidewire 144 used during the primary procedure is replaced with a commercially available guidewire that can become rigid at its distal end, forming a hook. The hooked distal end can be pulled back, “hooking” the puncture wound in the artery. As the guidewire is pulled back further, the puncture wound is stretched into a linear slit, making it more amenable to closure by surgical clips.
Third Alternate Method
Referring now to
The proximal end of the guidewire 240 is first inserted into the distal lumen 236 (
Once the balloons 222, 224 are inflated, the retractor 200 is advanced between the two sleeves 229, 230 of the double sleeved balloon 222. As illustrated in
Once the retractor 200 is positioned between the two sleeves of the balloon 229, 230, the two halves of the retractor 202a, 202b are moved laterally away from one another. This is done by loosening the set screws 214a, 214b, and sliding one half of the retractor body 202b away from the other half 202a on the pins 212a 212b. The inner sleeve 230 of the double-sleeved balloon 222 and the dilator 220 are removed from the patient along the guidewire 240, leaving the separated retractor 200 and the outer sleeve 229 of the balloon 222 in the patient. The retractor 200 and the outer sleeve of the balloon 229 form an access tunnel between the femoral artery puncture wound and the surface of the patient's body. This tunnel allows for the introduction of the wound closure device to seal the femoral artery puncture wound.
At this point, with the retractor 200 and outer sleeve of the balloon 229 providing access to the femoral artery 10, the proximal end of the guidewire 240 is inserted into the distal end 262 of the indicator tube 260 which is mounted on the surgical clip applicator 252. As described above, the distal end 262 of the indicator tube 260 having an indicator hole 264 in it is positioned so that the indicator hole 264 extends past the distal end 256 of the clip applicator 252. The indicator tube 260 and the clip applicator 252 are advanced over the guidewire 240 while aspiration pressure is applied to the proximal end of the indicator tube 260. As soon as blood is aspirated through the indicator hole 264, the advancement of the indicator tube 260 and clip applicator 256 is stopped. At this point, the distal end of the surgical clip applicator 256 is positioned at the site of the puncture wound in the femoral artery 10. Surgical clips are then applied to seal the wound.
Preferably, the distal end of the indicator tube 262 is curved or hooked. The hooked distal end is used to hook the puncture wound in the artery, bringing the edges of the wound together to facilitate application of the clip. Using the hooked distal end 262 of the indicator tube 260, the puncture wound is stretched into a linear slit, making it more amenable to closure by surgical clips.
Fourth Alternate Method
Referring now to
Following completion of the therapeutic or diagnostic procedure, the devices used during the procedure are removed. The guidewire 350 remains in place in the patient's vasculature. When the physician desires to close the wound in the artery, he or she first mounts the retractor 300 on the distal end of the dual-lumen catheter 340. This is done by loosening the screw 322 on one of the handles 316b, and moving the handles 316a, 316b away from one another to separate the two halves of the retracting portion 308, and the two parts of the retracting portion 308a, 308b are positioned around the dual-lumen catheter 340. The dual lumen catheter 340 fits within the semi-circular channel or grooves 312 formed in the inner surface of the retracting portion 308 of the retractor 300. The two halves of the retracting portion 308a, 308b are brought together using the handles 316a, 316b to surround the catheter 340. The retracting portion 308 is positioned on the catheter 340 just proximal to the raised portion of the catheter 354, so the distal tip of the retracting portion 310 is located just proximal to the indicator hole 352. Preferably, the distal tip of the retracting portion 308 will be approximately 0.5 mm behind the indicator hole 352 (see
Once the retractor 300 is properly positioned on the dual-lumen catheter 340, the physician inserts the proximal end 351 of the guidewire 350 into the distal end of the inner lumen 342 in the dual-lumen catheter 340. The dual-lumen catheter 340 and retractor 300 are advanced over the guidewire 350 and into the patient. As the catheter 340 and retractor 300 are advanced, negative pressure is applied to the outer lumen of the catheter, for example, through use of a syringe 360 attached to the proximal end of the outer lumen 358. Once the indicator hole 352 is advanced to a position inside the artery, blood will be drawn through the indicator hole 352 and will become visible in the outer lumen of the catheter 340 and the syringe 360. At this point, advancement of the catheter 340 and retractor 300 are stopped, as the catheter 340 and retractor 300 are properly positioned in the patient.
Once properly positioned at the site of the puncture wound, the two halves of the retracting portion 308a, 308b are separated slightly, using the handles 316a, 316b at the proximal end 304 of the retractor 300. To separate the retracting portions 308a, 308b, the screw 322 is loosened, and the handles 316a, 316b manipulated into the desired position. The screw 322 is then tightened down upon the loop 320, prohibiting further movement of the handles 316a, 316b, and the corresponding retracting portions 308a, 308b.
At this point, the surrounding tissues have been displaced, forming an access path to the puncture wound, and the puncture wound may be visible. The dual-lumen catheter 340 is removed from the patient by withdrawing it over the guidewire 350. The guidewire 350 is left in place, and the wound closure device, such as a clip applicator, is inserted over the guidewire 350 to the site of the wound. Clips, such as those made of titanium or a biodegradable material, are preferably applied to the wound, as the guidewire 350 is removed. If necessary, the artery is compressed to stop the flow of blood out of the puncture wound during the closing of the wound. The closing device is removed when the physician is confident that the wound is closed, and the retractor 300 is removed from the patient.
Alternatively, a separate inner catheter 360 is used in the system of the present invention. In this embodiment, once the retractor 300 and dual-lumen catheter 340 are in place, and the retracting portion 308 is in an open position, the dual-lumen catheter 340 is left in place, and the guidewire 350 is withdrawn from the patient through the inner lumen 342. An inner catheter 360 having an inflatable balloon 362 at its distal end is inserted through the inner lumen 342 and into the patient. Once the distal balloon 362 is advanced past the distal tip 346 of the dual-lumen catheter 340, the balloon 362 is inflated. The dual-lumen catheter 340 is removed from the patient, leaving the inner catheter 360 in place.
To properly position the balloon inside the patient's artery, the physician can measure the distance from the distal tip of the dual-lumen catheter 346 to just outside the patient's body when the catheter 340 is properly positioned. The physician then inserts the inner catheter 360 just slightly more than that distance, to ensure that the distal balloon 362 is within the artery. The physician then pulls the inner catheter 360 in a proximal direction until resistance is felt. This will place the balloon 362 at the site of the puncture wound. The balloon 362 is properly positioned just inside the artery of the patient. The balloon 362 helps to stop the flow of blood out of the puncture wound. The inner catheter 360 is used as a guide for the clip applicator or other closing device used to close the wound. The closing device is advanced until it contacts the inflated balloon 362. As the wound is closed, the balloon 362 is slowly deflated, and the inner catheter 360 is removed from the patient. Finally, once the physician is confident that the wound is closed, the retractor 300 is removed from the patient.
This method of closing a wound in the femoral artery of a patient can also be performed using the retractor 600 described in
The dual lumen catheter 340 and retractor 600 are next advanced over the guidewire, preferably in the same manner described above, until the assembly is properly positioned at the vascular puncture wound. The retracting portions 608a, 608b are next separated in order to displace the surrounding tissue. To separate retracting portions, the clinician squeezes the handles 616a, 616b. During the squeezing operation, the head stop 634 ratchets over the stop member teeth 622. Thus, when the desired open position is reached, the clinician need only release the handles 616a, 616b and the stop 634 will engage the teeth 622 in order to hold the retracting halves 608a, 608b in the chosen open position. With the surrounding tissues displaced, forming an access path to the vascular puncture wound, the vascular wound can be closed by using a suitable apparatus or method.
To remove the retractor 600 from the patient, the retracting portions 608a, 608b are first brought together into the closed position by the clinician squeezing the release arm 626 toward the handle 616a. The stop 634 is thus disengaged from the stop arm teeth 622 and the spring 640 urges the handles 616a, 616b apart. Thus, the retracting portions 608a, 608b are drawn together into the closed position. The retractor 600 is then easily removed from the patient.
Alternate Apparatus for Vessel Closure
Referring now to
With references to
Vascular closure instrument 402 further includes a pair of surgical clips 414 supported at the distal end of elongated portion 408. Surgical clips 414 may be any conventional surgical clip fabricated from a suitable biocompatible material including absorbable and non-absorbable materials. Clips 414 are characterized by having backspan 414a and clip legs 414b (
Surgical clips 414 are releasably mounted to elongated portion 408. In one arrangement, elongated portion 408 includes first and second pairs of longitudinal grooves 416 formed in the distal end of the elongated portion 408. Longitudinal grooves 416 extend in a longitudinal direction and terminate in transverse grooves 418 (
With continued reference to
As best depicted in
Elongated portion 408 of vascular closure instrument may further include a wrap 425, e.g., shrink wrapping, or the like shown cut-away in
The operation of vascular closure instrument in conjunction with closing an opening in a blood vessel wall will now be discussed. Access to the puncture site is preferably achieved with the guidewire, dilator, retractor instruments discussed above. With reference to
Locating a Tissue Opening
Referring to
Referring to
Referring to
Referring to
Referring to
Once the vessel opening 25 has been isolated, a closure device 504 attached to the suction device 500 can be used to close the vessel opening 25.
The present invention can also be used with surgical staples or sutures. After the retractor is inserted into the patient's body and positioned at the puncture site as described above, the two halves of the retractor are separated, laterally displacing the tissues surrounding the puncture site. The retractor acts much like a dilator, gradually increasing the displacement of the overlying tissues, until the puncture wound is visible to the physician. The wound can then be closed using any acceptable means for wound closure, including surgical staples and sutures.
Although certain embodiments and examples have been used to illustrate and describe the present invention, it is intended that the scope of the invention not be limited to the specific embodiments set forth herein. The scope of the invention is to be defined by the claims which follow.
Claims
1. A vascular wound closure device, comprising:
- an elongate body having proximal and distal ends, at least a portion of the body being tapered toward the distal end, the body comprising two separately-formed elongate body members, each body member having an inner surface having an elongate groove formed therein, such that when the internal surfaces of the body members abut one another, the grooves cooperate to form a channel extending along the length of the body;
- an elongate hollow dilator having an elongate lumen comprising a proximal opening and a distal opening at the proximal and distal ends, respectively, of the dilator, the lumen sized and adapted to accommodate a guidewire therethrough, the dilator sized and adapted so that part of the dilator fits within the body channel, and the distal end of the dilator extends from the body channel;
- an annular cap configured to fit over the proximal end of the body when the body members are engaged with one another, the annular cap having a hole adapted to generally align with the body channel; and
- a coupling structure adapted to engage the annular cap with the proximal end of the body so that the body members are held together at least partially by the annular cap.
2. A vascular wound closure device as in claim 1, wherein the annular cap in internally threaded, and proximal ends of the body members are externally threaded so that the cap is threadable onto the engaged body members.
3. A vascular wound closure device as in claim 1, wherein the dilator comprises a hole formed through a side of the dilator and into the lumen, and the dilator is positioned relative to the body so that the side hole is disposed distal of the distal end of the body.
4. A vascular wound closure device as in claim 3, wherein the body is disposed on the dilator so that the distal end of the body is disposed proximal of the side hole a distance at least equal to a thickness of a blood vessel wall.
5. A vascular wound closure device as in claim 4, wherein the body is disposed on the dilator so that the distal end of the body is about 0.5-1.5 mm proximal the side hole.
6. A vascular wound closure device as in claim 4, wherein a pin extends from one of the body members, a guide passage is formed in the other body member, and the pin is configured to fit in the guide passage so as to align the body members.
7. A vascular wound closure device as in claim 1, wherein a pin extends from one of the body members, a guide passage is formed in the other body member, and the pin is configured to fit in the guide passage so as to align the body members.
8. A vascular wound closure device as in claim 7, wherein the coupling structure is configured so that the annular cap readily couples to the body members when the body members are aligned with the pin fit into the guide passage.
9. A vascular wound closure device as in claim 8, wherein the proximal ends of the body members are threaded and an interior surface of the annular cap is threaded so as to engage the body member threads.
10. A vascular closure device, comprising:
- a retractor comprising two elongate members adapted to move relative to each other between open and closed positions, each member having a distal end and a proximal end, and the members are adapted to define a longitudinal channel therebetween when in the closed position;
- an elongate catheter having a lumen adapted to slidably accommodate a guidewire, the catheter configured to at least partially fit into the longitudinal channel so that a distal portion of the catheter extends from a distal end of the retractor; and
- means for aligning the elongate retractor members and selectively maintaining the retractor members in the closed position so that the retractor members engage the catheter and hold the catheter in place, the aligning means comprising an aperture generally aligned with the longitudinal channel.
11. A vascular closure device as in claim 10 additionally comprising:
- a source of negative pressure connected to the catheter lumen;
- an opening formed through an outer wall of the catheter and communicating with the lumen; and
- a guide point defined on an outer surface of the catheter proximal of the opening, a longitudinal distance between the opening and the guide point being at least the same as the thickness of a vascular vessel wall;
- wherein the distal ends of the retractor members are positioned at or adjacent the guide point.
12. A device as in claim 11, wherein the guide point comprises a notch formed in the catheter.
13. A device as in claim 11, wherein a longitudinal distance between the guide point and the opening is slightly greater than a wall thickness of a human femoral artery.
14. A device as in claim 13, wherein the distance is at least about 0.5 mm.
15. A device as in claim 11, wherein the retractor additionally comprises a handle portion operatively connected to the movable members.
16. A device as in claim 15, wherein the handle portion comprises two handles and a locking mechanism, and the handles are operatively connected at a hinge.
Type: Application
Filed: Nov 15, 2005
Publication Date: Mar 23, 2006
Inventors: Yong Zhu (Loma Linda, CA), Wolff Kirsch (Redlands, CA)
Application Number: 11/280,029
International Classification: A61B 17/08 (20060101);