Method and system for beam expansion in a display device
An exit pupil extender with one input optical element and two exit optical elements disposed on different sides of the input optical element. The exit pupil extender also comprises two intermediate optical couplers, each disposed between the input optical element and one exit optical element. The couplers serve as exit pupil extending components. All optical elements and couplers are diffractive optical elements having grating lines. The grating lines of one optical element are substantially parallel to that of other optical elements, but the grating lines of the couplers are at substantially a 60-degree angle from that of the optical elements in order to optimize the exit pupil extending efficiency.
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The present invention relates generally to a display device and, more specifically, to a display that uses two or more diffractive elements for extending the exit pupil of the display for viewing.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTIONWhile it is a common practice to use a low-resolution liquid-crystal display (LCD) panel to display network information and text messages in a mobile device, it is preferred to use a high-resolution display to browse rich information content of text and images. A microdisplay-based system can provide full color pixels at 50-100 lines per mm. Such high-resolution is generally suitable for a virtual display. A virtual display typically consists of a microdisplay to provide an image and an optical arrangement for manipulating light emerging from the image in such a way that it is perceived as large as a direct view display panel. A virtual display can be monocular or binocular.
The size of the beam of light emerging from imaging optics toward the eye is called exit pupil. In a Near-Eye Display (NED), the exit pupil is typically of the order of 10 mm in diameter. Further enlarging the exit pupil makes using the virtual display significantly easier, because the device can be put at a distance from the eye. Thus, such a display no longer qualifies as an NED, for obvious reasons. Head-Up Displays are examples of the virtual display with a sufficiently large exit pupil.
WO 99/52002 discloses a method of enlarging the exit pupil of a virtual display. The disclosed method uses three successive holographic optical elements (HOEs) to enlarge the exit pupil. In particular, the HOEs are diffractive grating elements arranged on a planar, light transmissive substrate 6, as shown in
In an EPE, the energy of the exit beam relative to the input beam depends upon the coupling between adjacent optical elements. As the energy output of the image source is limited, it is desirable to achieve a high coupling efficiency between adjacent optical elements.
It is advantageous and desirable to provide a method and system for improving the optical coupling between optical elements in an exit pupil extender.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTIONIt is an objective of the present invention to improve the optical coupling between two optical elements such as diffractive optical elements in an exit pupil extender. This objective can be achieved by using a diffractive optical element having the grating lines are oriented in a certain direction as optical coupler disposing between the input optical element and the exit optical element. In particular, the grating lines of the optical coupler are oriented substantially at a 60-degree from the grating lines of the input and exit optical element.
Thus, the first aspect of the present invention provides an optical device, comprising:
a substrate of optical material having a first side and an opposing second side;
a first diffractive element disposed on the substrate for receiving a light beam;
a second diffractive element disposed on the substrate in relationship with the first diffractive element; and
an intermediate diffractive element disposed between the first and the second diffractive elements, wherein
at least part of the received light beam is diffracted in the first diffractive element for providing a diffracted light component to the intermediate diffractive element in an incident direction substantially within the first and second surface, and
at least part of the diffracted light component in the intermediate different element is coupled to the second diffractive element substantially between the first and second surfaces so as to allow at least part of the coupled diffracted light component to exit the substrate by diffraction in the second diffractive element, wherein the intermediate diffractive element has a substantially periodic pattern composed of substantially linear elements along a pattern direction for producing conical diffraction.
According to the present invention, the angle in the conical diffraction is between 50 and 70 degrees.
According to the present invention, the intermediate diffractive element has a substantially periodic pattern composed of substantially linear elements along a pattern direction so that the incident direction of the diffracted light component provided to the intermediate different element is within an angular range between 20 and 40 degrees relative to the pattern direction.
According to the present invention, the optical device further comprises:
a third diffractive element disposed on the substrate in relationship with the first diffractive element spaced from the second diffractive element; and
a further intermediate diffractive element disposed between the first and the second diffractive elements, wherein
at least part of the received light beam is diffracted in the first diffractive element for providing a diffracted light component to the further intermediate diffractive element in an incident direction within the first and second surface, and
at least part of the diffracted light component in the further intermediate different element is coupled to the third diffractive element substantially between the first and second surfaces so as to allow at least part of the coupled diffracted light component to exit the substrate by diffraction in the third diffractive element, wherein the further intermediate diffractive element has a substantially periodic pattern composed of substantially linear elements along a pattern direction such that the incident direction of the diffracted light component provided to the further intermediate different element is within an angular range between 50 and 70 degrees relative to the pattern direction.
According to the present invention, the received light beam is received in the first diffractive element through the first surface and at least part of the coupled diffracted light component exits the substrate through the first surface or the second surface.
According to the present invention, intermediate diffractive element comprises a plurality of grooves forming the period pattern.
According to the present invention, the first diffractive element has a period pattern composed of a plurality of linear elements along a pattern direction substantially perpendicular to the incident direction, and the second diffractive element has a period pattern composed of a plurality of linear elements along a pattern direction substantially perpendicular to the incident direction.
The second aspect of the present invention provides a method of optical coupling in an optical device, the optical device comprising:
a substrate of optical material having a first side and an opposing second side;
a first diffractive element disposed on the substrate for receiving a light beam, wherein at least part of the received light beam is diffracted in the first diffractive element for providing a diffracted light component; and
a second diffractive element disposed on the substrate in relationship to the first diffractive element so as to allow at least part of the diffracted light component to exit the substrate substantially by diffraction in the second diffractive element. The method comprises:
disposing an intermediate diffractive element between the first and the second diffractive elements, so as to allow part of the diffracted light component to enter the intermediate diffractive element between the first and second surfaces at an incident direction, wherein the intermediate diffractive element has a substantially periodic pattern composed of substantially linear elements along a pattern direction to produce conical diffraction.
According to the present invention, the intermediate diffractive element has a substantially periodic pattern composed of substantially linear elements along a pattern direction such that the incident direction of the diffracted light component is within an angular range between 20 and 40 degrees relative to the pattern direction.
According to the present invention, the optical device further comprises a third diffractive element disposed on the substrate in relationship to the first diffractive element spaced from the second device so as to allow at least part of the diffracted light component also to exit the substrate substantially by diffraction in the third diffractive element. The method further comprises:
disposing a further intermediate diffractive element between the first and the third diffractive elements, so as to allow part of the diffracted light component to enter the further intermediate diffractive element between the first and second surfaces at an incident direction, wherein the intermediate diffractive element has a substantially periodic pattern composed of substantially linear elements along a pattern direction such that the incident direction of the diffracted light component is within an angular range between 50 and 70 degrees relative to the pattern direction.
According to the present invention, the first diffractive element has a substantially period pattern composed of substantially linear elements along a first pattern direction, and the second diffractive element has a substantially period pattern composed of substantially linear elements along a second pattern direction substantially parallel to the first pattern direction.
The third aspect of the present invention provides an electronic device comprising:
a data processing unit;
an optical engine operatively connected to the data processing unit for receiving image data from the data processing unit;
a display device operatively connected to the optical engine for forming an image based on the image data; and
an exit pupil extender, comprising:
-
- a substrate of optical material having a first side and an opposing second side;
- a first diffractive element disposed on the substrate for receiving a light beam;
- a second diffractive element disposed on the substrate in relationship with the first diffractive element; and
- an intermediate diffractive element disposed between the first and the second diffractive elements, wherein
- at least part of the received light beam is diffracted in the first diffractive element for providing a diffracted light component to the intermediate diffractive element in an incident direction substantially within the first and second surface, and
- at least part of the diffracted light component in the intermediate different element is coupled to the second diffractive element substantially between the first and second surfaces so as to allow at least part of the coupled diffracted light component to exit the substrate by diffraction in the second diffractive element, wherein the intermediate diffractive element has a substantially periodic pattern composed of substantially linear elements along a pattern direction for producing conical diffraction.
According to the present invention, the angle in the conical diffraction is between 50 and 70 degrees, and the intermediate diffractive element has a substantially periodic pattern composed of substantially linear elements along a pattern direction so that the incident direction of the diffracted light component provided to the intermediate different element is within an angular range between 20 and 40 degrees relative to the pattern direction.
According to the present invention, the optical device further comprises:
a third diffractive element disposed on the substrate in relationship with the first diffractive element spaced from the second diffractive element; and a further intermediate diffractive element disposed between the first and the second diffractive elements, wherein
at least part of the received light beam is diffracted in the first diffractive element for providing a diffracted light component to the further intermediate diffractive element in an incident direction within the first and second surface, and
at least part of the diffracted light component in the further intermediate different element is coupled to the third diffractive element substantially between the first and second surfaces so as to allow at least part of the coupled diffracted light component to exit the substrate by diffraction in the third diffractive element, wherein the further intermediate diffractive element has a substantially periodic pattern composed of substantially linear elements along a pattern direction such that the incident direction of the diffracted light component provided to the further intermediate different element is within an angular range between 50 and 70 degrees relative to the pattern direction.
According to the present invention, the electronic device can be a portable device, such as a mobile phone, personal digital assistant (PDA), communicator, portable Internet appliance, hand-held computer, digital video and still camera, wearable computer, computer game device, specialized bring-to-the-eye product for viewing and other portable electronic devices. However, the exit pupil extender, according to the present invention, can also be used in a non-portable device, such as a gaming device, vending machine, band-o-matic, and home appliances, such as an oven, microwave oven and other appliances and other non-portable devices.
The present invention will become apparent upon reading the description taken in conjunction with
In the exit pupil extender (EPE) 10, according to the present invention, has a substrate 20 made of an optical material. On the substrate 20, there are one input optical element 30 and one or two exit optical elements 50, as shown in
As shown in
According to one embodiment of the present invention, the grating periods in all DOEs 30, 40 (40′) and 50 (50′) are substantially the same. However, while the DOE 30 and 50 (50′) have the same period, the DOE 40 is allowed to deviate from those slightly without disturbing the functioning of the EPE system. Nevertheless, each of the gratings has a unique grating profile, optimized to its function. DOE 30 and DOE 40 (40′) typically have a deep profile and a proper filling ratio.
As shown in
The DOE 40′ is substantially a mirror image of the DOE 40. Thus, the orientation of the grating lines 42′ is similar to that of the grating lines 42.
As shown in
It is known in the art that the beam expansion in the exit beams 80, 80′ as compared to the input beam 70 is partly due to the different dimensions and shapes in the various DOEs, and partly due to the multiple diffraction and total internal reflection (TIR). As shown in
The EPE 10 can be used in a portable device 100, such as a mobile phone, personal digital assistant (PDA), communicator, portable Internet appliance, hand-hand computer, digital video and still camera, wearable computer, computer game device, specialized bring-to-the-eye product for viewing and other portable electronic devices. As shown in
It should be noted that each of the optical elements 30, 40, 40′, 50, 50′ can be diffractive optical elements having grating lines or a holographic diffractive optical element (HOE) having interference fringes. As the name suggests, a holographic diffraction element is holographically produced where at least two coherent light beams are used to produce the fringes. In contrast, a diffraction optical element can be mechanically or chemically produced.
The objective of the present invention is to achieve efficient optical coupling between the various DOEs in an EPE while the DOEs are sized and shaped and arranged for exit pupil expansion. The application for the EPE of the present invention is not limited to virtual displays. The selective reflection control in a planar waveguide (substrate 20), according to the present invention, can also be used in any application where optical beam expansion in one or more directions is required and light of different wavelengths is used. The diffractive elements are, in fact, optical couplers and light modulator devices for coupling light into the planar waveguide. Thus, the EPE 10, as shown in FIGS. 2 to 6, can be viewed as an optical device comprised of a planar waveguide and a plurality of optical couplers (or light modulator devices) disposed adjacent to or on the waveguide for light coupling and manipulating purposes.
The image source 192, as depicted in
Moreover, the electronic device 100 can be a portable device, such as a mobile phone, personal digital assistant (PDA), communicator, portable Internet appliance, hand-held computer, digital video and still camera, wearable computer, computer game device, specialized bring-to-the-eye product for viewing and other portable electronic devices. However, the exit pupil extender, according to the present invention, can also be used in a non-portable device, such as a gaming device, vending machine, band-o-matic, and home appliances, such as an oven, microwave oven and other appliances and other non-portable devices.
Thus, although the invention has been described with respect to a preferred embodiment thereof, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that the foregoing and various other changes, omissions and deviations in the form and detail thereof may be made without departing from the scope of this invention.
Claims
1. An optical device comprising:
- a substrate of optical material having a first side and an opposing second side;
- a first diffractive element disposed on the substrate for receiving a light beam;
- a second diffractive element disposed on the substrate in relationship with the first diffractive element; and
- an intermediate diffractive element disposed between the first and the second diffractive elements, wherein
- at least part of the received light beam is diffracted in the first diffractive element for providing a diffracted light component to the intermediate diffractive element in an incident direction substantially within the first and second surface, and
- at least part of the diffracted light component in the intermediate different element is coupled to the second diffractive element substantially between the first and second surfaces so as to allow at least part of the coupled diffracted light component to exit the substrate by diffraction in the second diffractive element, wherein the intermediate diffractive element has a substantially periodic pattern composed of substantially linear elements along a pattern direction for producing conical diffraction.
2. The optical device of claim 1, wherein angle in the conical diffraction is between 50 and 70 degrees.
3. The optical device of claim 1, wherein the intermediate diffractive element has a substantially periodic pattern composed of substantially linear elements along a pattern direction so that the incident direction of the diffracted light component provided to the intermediate different element is within an angular range between 20 and 40 degrees relative to the pattern direction.
4. The optical device of claim 3, further comprising:
- a third diffractive element disposed on the substrate in relationship with the first diffractive element spaced from the second diffractive element; and
- a further intermediate diffractive element disposed between the first and the second diffractive elements, wherein
- at least part of the received light beam is diffracted in the first diffractive element for providing a diffracted light component to the further intermediate diffractive element in an incident direction within the first and second surface, and
- at least part of the diffracted light component in the further intermediate different element is coupled to the third diffractive element substantially between the first and second surfaces so as to allow at least part of the coupled diffracted light component to exit the substrate by diffraction in the third diffractive element, wherein the further intermediate diffractive element has a substantially periodic pattern composed of substantially linear elements along a pattern direction such that the incident direction of the diffracted light component provided to the further intermediate different element is within an angular range between 50 and 70 degrees relative to the pattern direction.
5. The optical device of claim 1, wherein the received light beam is received in the first diffractive element through the first surface and at least part of the coupled diffracted light component exits the substrate through the second surface.
6. The optical device of claim 1, wherein the received light beam is received in the first diffractive element through the first surface and at least part of the coupled diffracted light component exits the substrate through the first surface.
7. The optical device of claim 1, wherein the intermediate diffractive element comprises a plurality of grooves forming the period pattern.
8. The optical device of claim 1, wherein the first diffractive element has a period pattern composed of a plurality of linear elements along a pattern direction substantially perpendicular to the incident direction.
9. The optical device of claim 1, wherein the second diffractive element has a period pattern composed of a plurality of linear elements along a pattern direction substantially perpendicular to the incident direction.
10. A method of optical coupling in an optical device, the optical device comprising:
- a substrate of optical material having a first side and an opposing second side;
- a first diffractive element disposed on the substrate for receiving a light beam, wherein at least part of the received light beam is diffracted in the first diffractive element for providing a diffracted light component; and
- a second diffractive element disposed on the substrate in relationship to the first diffractive element so as to allow at least part of the diffracted light component to exit the substrate substantially by diffraction in the second diffractive element, said method comprising:
- disposing an intermediate diffractive element between the first and the second diffractive elements, so as to allow part of the diffracted light component to enter the intermediate diffractive element between the first and second surfaces at an incident direction, wherein the intermediate diffractive element has a substantially periodic pattern composed of substantially linear elements along a pattern direction to produce conical diffraction.
11. The method of claim 10, wherein the intermediate diffractive element has a substantially periodic pattern composed of substantially linear elements along a pattern direction such that the incident direction of the diffracted light component is within an angular range between 20 and 40 degrees relative to the pattern direction.
12. The method of claim 11, wherein the optical device further comprises a third diffractive element disposed on the substrate in relationship to the first diffractive element spaced from the second device so as to allow at least part of the diffracted light component also to exit the substrate substantially by diffraction in the third diffractive element, said method further comprising:
- disposing a further intermediate diffractive element between the first and the third diffractive elements, so as to allow part of the diffracted light component to enter the further intermediate diffractive element between the first and second surfaces at an incident direction, wherein the intermediate diffractive element has a substantially periodic pattern composed of substantially linear elements along a pattern direction such that the incident direction of the diffracted light component is within an angular range between 50 and 70 degrees relative to the pattern direction.
13. The method of claim 10, wherein the first diffractive element having a substantially period pattern composed of substantially linear elements along a first pattern direction, and the second diffractive element having a substantially period pattern composed of substantially linear elements along a second pattern direction substantially parallel to the first pattern direction.
14. An electronic device comprising:
- a data processing unit;
- an optical engine operatively connected to the data processing unit for receiving image data from the data processing unit;
- a display device operatively connected to the optical engine for forming an image based on the image data; and
- an exit pupil extender, comprising: a substrate of optical material having a first side and an opposing second side; a first diffractive element disposed on the substrate for receiving a light beam; a second diffractive element disposed on the substrate in relationship with the first diffractive element; and an intermediate diffractive element disposed between the first and the second diffractive elements, wherein at least part of the received light beam is diffracted in the first diffractive element for providing a diffracted light component to the intermediate diffractive element in an incident direction substantially within the first and second surface, and at least part of the diffracted light component in the intermediate different element is coupled to the second diffractive element substantially between the first and second surfaces so as to allow at least part of the coupled diffracted light component to exit the substrate by diffraction in the second diffractive element, wherein the intermediate diffractive element has a substantially periodic pattern composed of substantially linear elements along a pattern direction for producing conical diffraction.
15. The electronic device of claim 14, wherein angle in the conical diffraction is between 50 and 70 degrees.
16. The electronic device of claim 14, wherein the intermediate diffractive element has a substantially periodic pattern composed of substantially linear elements along a pattern direction so that the incident direction of the diffracted light component provided to the intermediate different element is within an angular range between 20 and 40 degrees relative to the pattern direction.
17. The electronic device of claim 16, wherein the optical device further comprises:
- a third diffractive element disposed on the substrate in relationship with the first diffractive element spaced from the second diffractive element; and
- a further intermediate diffractive element disposed between the first and the second diffractive elements, wherein
- at least part of the received light beam is diffracted in the first diffractive element for providing a diffracted light component to the further intermediate diffractive element in an incident direction within the first and second surface, and
- at least part of the diffracted light component in the further intermediate different element is coupled to the third diffractive element substantially between the first and second surfaces so as to allow at least part of the coupled diffracted light component to exit the substrate by diffraction in the third diffractive element, wherein the further intermediate diffractive element has a substantially periodic pattern composed of substantially linear elements along a pattern direction such that the incident direction of the diffracted light component provided to the further intermediate different element is within an angular range between 50 and 70 degrees relative to the pattern direction.
18. The electronic device of claim 14, comprising a computer game device.
19. The electronic device of claim 14, comprising a digital camera.
20. The electronic device of claim 14, further comprising a communications unit for receiving signals containing information indicative of the image data, wherein the data processing unit is operatively connected to the communications unit for receiving the information.
21. The electronic device of claim 20, comprising a mobile terminal.
Type: Application
Filed: Dec 13, 2004
Publication Date: Jun 15, 2006
Applicant:
Inventor: Tapani Levola (Tampere)
Application Number: 11/011,481
International Classification: G02B 27/44 (20060101); G02B 5/18 (20060101);