Anvick aperture device and method of forming and using same
An aperture formed by one or more elements of a truss and utilized to form ductile connections with other reinforcement elements. Said aperture may be formed by the positioning, bending, weaving or sewing of one or more said elements. The trusses may be disposed in parallel or intersecting planes and may be connected by the utilization of said apertures on site or fabricated offsite. They may be assembled into structures or into modular or custom panels with which structures may be built, and embedded in cementations. Insulation and other mechanical systems may be incorporated into said truss and panel systems prior to embedment in cementations. Said aperture-forming trusses may also be used to incorporate prior art into structures with enhanced properties. The resulting interconnected systems of apertures, trusses, insulation and other systems generally are embedded in cementations to produce structures with superior ductility of interconnections and enhanced composite behavior.
Not Applicable
BACKGROUND1. Field of Invention
This invention relates to the design of framework for the reinforcement of structures, including reinforcement for cementations, more particularly, the invention relates to an aperture reinforcement device that girds and cinctures other reinforcement in order to enhance composite and ductile properties of reinforcement arrays.
2. Description of Prior Art
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Until now current and previous truss and panel designs have provided valid construction alternatives to more traditional configurations of building material. However, they have been unfamiliar to and have not been embraced by a construction industry well versed in prevalent wood, concrete masonry and steel building methods. Adoption of more stringent mandatory building code requirements with respect to seismic, wind, and fire resistance and energy conservation has progressed over the years, land and labor costs have risen, and the cost of raw materials has increased. This has caused the costs of the development of wood, steel frame, masonry block and poured in place concrete structures to rise significantly. Rising maintenance, and energy costs for finished structures have also increased the costs of operation and ownership. The benefits of truss and panel designs address all of these factors, and as a result, their price competitiveness has become apparent, reducing the resistance of the construction and fabrication industries to their use as mass production construction techniques. Both the construction industry and consumers will benefit from the development of faster, stronger, more durable and energy efficient construction techniques and structures employing them.
Trusses and composite trusses of various kinds have been constructed over the years with a variety of designs, connections, methodology and materials. Some have been designed into space frames as the reinforcement matrix for structural panels with facings of cementatious material. In all such panels, the optimization of structural strength, ductility and consequent composite behavior is clearly desirable. Some have featured a disposition of elements attached so as to form loops or apertures of reinforcement. Such apertures have served to elaborate the embedment of reinforcement in cementations in an attempt to enhance composite action. However, such panels have been deficient in their ductility, that is, the ability to undergo changes of form without breaking or falling apart.
Building panels of various kinds have been developed over the years incorporating a variety of external facings, reinforcement, and internal insulating materials. Prefabricated panels are factory made and shipped to a site for assembly into interior and exterior walls of a building. Some panels are also made directly at the building site. Such prior panels typically have a framework, commonly of wood or metal studs and or wire, readymade with an insulative core and sometimes incorporating electrical wirings and plumbing. Prefabricated panels have means for attachment to each other along abutting edges and for attachment to roof trusses, rafters, flooring and foundations. Panels have been constructed to withstand the various types of forces that buildings typically undergo such as compression forces from floor loads and roofs. Such panels have also been designed to provide insulation, weather-tight sealing, and to be connected to adjacent panels, roof systems, and to footers. The panels have typically been connected to roof trusses or rafters using conventional brackets, which are nailed to the wooden rafters or trusses and to wooden headers.
The brackets are designed to withstand the forces exerted by seismic events and the lifting forces exerted upon roof structures by wind. The structural systems of a building resist such forces well to the degree that they enable the building to behave as a unit under stress rather than failing at points of attachment or across surfaces, weakening the structure and making it susceptible to catastrophic failure. The degree of composite, or unitized, behavior of a structure and of the elements used to build it increases with increased ductility of structural interconnection.
The present invention is directed towards a means to construct monolithic composite insulated structures from elements that can comprise a panel system and that address composite behavior and ductility of structures. Said structure not only provides superior strength against compression and tension forces longitudinally, and laterally, and transversely but also anchors, braces, positions and strengthens structural trusses in a truss system. Walls, roofs, floors, and foundations are tied together in such a manner as to provide a greatly increased tension and compression and shear strength and resistance to lifting and shaking forces.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
6, 6a-j Web vertices, vertices of independently locatable elements
7, 7a,b Web
8, 8a,b Cord of truss or longitudinal reinforcement
8c,d Lateral or cross reinforcement element
11 Aperture
11a, b Positionable truss aperture for ductile inter-truss connections
12a, b, c Truss
13a-j Independently locatable cincturing aperture devices
13a Locatable CU clip element
13c Locatable W clip element
13f Cinctured sheeting element
13g Cinctured/cincturing lattice or welded wire fabric
13h, i, j Alternate locatable apertures
14 Positioning Groove
15 Insulative core element
16 Core longitudinal by transverse face
17 Sheeting element
18 Aperture footing reinforcement members
19 Aperture truss footing reinforcement and longitudinal member spacing element
20 Cementations
21a,b Core restraining element
PREFERRED EMBODIMENT—DESCRIPTION A preferred embodiment of the aperture 11 of the present invention is comprised of a continuous reinforcement element 7 shown in (
Truss 12a may be disposed in spatial relationships with its neighbor by elements of an insulative core shown in (
In another preferred embodiment aperture 11 (
Space frame (
In another embodiment perpendicular ductile truss aperture connections 11a, b in which apertures 11 (
Apertures 11 (
A truss 12 (
Apertures 11 are formed (
A longitudinal cross section view is shown (
Apertures 11 are formed by independently locatable cincturing aperture reinforcement elements 13 of predetermined dimensions (
In (
An application of locatable cincture 13b to web 7, cord 8, and lateral reinforcement 8c, d, 8e appears in (
Views of locatable cincture 13c applicable as described for cincture 13b by saddling and insertion of reinforcement appear in (
Cincture 13d used for both crossing and lapping reinforcement appear in (
(
The manner of using the aperture device 11 is adaptable to structural requirements of any given form or disposition. Panels can be fabricated and erected as framework reinforcement at site as follows:
In a preferred embodiment an element of said core 15, panels are placed on a horizontal surface with an edge 16 facing upward which has been grooved 14 to fit and position a truss 12. In this example, two opposite edges 16 of the core panel 15 element are grooved 14. An adhesive is applied to said edge 16 and an element of an Anvick aperture (11) composite truss 12a-c configuration is fitted within the preformed grooves 14 which accept half of the girth of the webbing element 7 and position said element with respect to said core panel 15. A corresponding grooved core panel 15 element is fitted on top of the first element and completes the embedment of the first truss 12 configuration. The positioning is such that there is sufficient clearance between the core panel element 15 and reinforcement elements 8a,b,c,d for required embedment in cementations 20. This process is repeated, the core panel elements 15 aligned flush with each other and positioning the truss 12 array, until the desired panel width is assembled. Once said adhesive has set the panel can be set in place on an arrangement of reinforcement protruding in a predetermined spatial relation from a previously formed foundation structure 18. Independently locatable aperture cincturing devices 13a-j attach the foundation reinforcement 18 to either the lateral 8c,d or longitudinal 8a,b reinforcement elements when the aperture connecting lateral reinforcement 8c,d are inserted through the apertures 11. Welded wire fabric 13g, or sheeting elements 13f, 17 can be installed, if called for, prior to the addition of said lateral reinforcement 8c,d, which then serves to cincture 13g, said fabric, when installed over it. System components alternatively may be fabricated off site.
The manner of using aperture 11 in another preferred embodiment requires each truss 12b in a given plurality to be spaced, aligned, and then rotated in an opposite direction from adjacent trusses 12b so that they intersect at their corresponding apertures 11. Said apertures 11 of said adjacent trusses 12b are bent at an angle to the web 7 so that they lie flush with one another. Cords 8a and 8b of said trusses 12 sandwich the attached, paired, flush positioned vertices 6a forming paired apertures 11. Reinforcement 8c,d is then inserted and communicated through and girded within said apertures 11 to complete an embodiment's basic array. The resulting array is a folded plate structure with multidirectional truss behavior. Said curvilinear and or wave form webbing 7 provides for a real three dimensional structural action once connecting reinforcement 8,c,d, foudation connections 18, and cementations 20 are installed.
In this preferred embodiment a truss 12b structure is elaborated by assembling said trusses 12b edge to edge in planes which intersect at longitudinal lines of vertices 6a. Said parallel longitudinal intersections linked by cords 8a,b alternate transversely from side to side of the resulting three dimensional space frame disposed across the lateral axis of the space frame array.
Aligned sequences of paired cincturing vertices 6a are linked when lateral reinforcement 8c,d are passed through vertices 6a. The linked vertices now also lie along the intersection at reinforcment 8c,d of planes formed by the curvilinear web elements 7 of trusses 12b which intersect at parallel lateral lines of aligned vertices. Said parallel lateral intersections alternate transversely from side to side of the three dimensional space frame disposed along the longitudinal axis of the space frame array. Longitudinal and lateral cross sections of the space frame consequently resemble each other, the two sets of intersecting planes presenting triangular cross sectional forms of a folded plate truss structure in both directions. The two sets of intersecting planes, each crossing the lateral axis, formed by trusses 12b, and their web and lateral reinforcement elements along both longitudinal and lateral axes of a consequent space frame intersect to form substantially square based pyramidal structures. Each cinctured vertex 6a of a frame is one corner of the square base of one or more said structures, depending upon location at an edge, corner, or in the field of a panel of this configuration of space frame, as well as summit vertex 6a of an inverted neighboring one, the alternate square bases forming the substantially planar transversely opposite surface lattices of the space frame. Consequently the transverse as well as the longitudinal and lateral cross sections presents similar triangular forms of a folded plate structure and the space frame array of the embodiment affords true three-dimensional truss operation.
Other EmbodimentsIndependent Aperture—Description
A continuous loop of reinforcement bent, woven, folded, tied, sewn, twisted or otherwise formed to conform to reinforcement in the array to provide means for the girding or cincture of at least two elements of the reinforcement array.
Independent Aperture—Operation
Independently locatable apertures can be shaped in a variety of ways. When placed onto the array locatable apertures require cross reinforcement to be communicated into and held disposed within said aperture to effect installation of said aperture.
Double Webbed Trusses—Description
Trusses with apertures that contain at least one cord and at lease two web elements generally juxtaposed to one another to form, when viewed in the lateral cross section, opposing vertices across the transverse axis.
Double Webbed Trusses—Operation
All aperture trusses operate in a similar fashion and methodology, each having distinct differences in an engineered analysis.
Foundation or Grade Beam Reinforcement—Description
Trusses equipped with aperture devices are positioned to space, align, and support reinforcement extending through and between foundation cementations and connecting structures. Reinforcement passed through parallel or perpendicularly aligned vertices of such attached structures provides ductile, composite connections. In arrays in which vertices accept lateral reinforcement in perpendicular planes, said lateral reinforcement may be interlapped to cincture the structures together. Similarly such use is appropriate and desirable for bond beam construction.
Foundation or Grade or Bond Beam Reinforcement—Operation
Trusses of a beam system are oriented to trusses of a wall or foundation system such that vertices of the trusses align, thus allowing one or more elements of lateral reinforcement to pass through the vertices of both systems. In some orientations the cords of the trusses of the systems may be juxtaposed so that their vertices accept interlapped transverse reinforcement cincturing the systems together with a ductile connection when embedded in cementations.
One Cord Truss—Description
An asymmetrical truss with vertices bent in such a manner that said vertices grab or gird reinforcement such as the cord of another truss when cross reinforcement is disposed within said truss's apertures to provide means for additional lateral or longitudinal reinforcement and load resisting capacity.
One Cord Truss—Operation
This device is used at openings in arrays by attaching the un-corded and bent vertices to longitudinal or lateral cords in an array and cincturing said one cord truss to said array with cross reinforcement.
Conclusions, Ramifications, and ScopeAccordingly, it can be seen that the Anvick composite aperture connection of this invention can be used in structural cementations and other hybrid material structures.
The walls can be pre assembled, or pre-formed, offsite according to the required dimensions and then transported to the job site.
Rapid installation.
Can be made from 100% recycled materials.
Reduces demand on energy.
Structurally more efficient.
Materials and labor force readily available worldwide.
Meets extreme climactic, environmental and seismic challenges.
More durable structures.
Although the description above contains many specificities, these should not be construed as limiting the scope of the invention but as merely providing illustrations of some of the presently preferred embodiments of this invention. Various other embodiments and ramifications are possible within it's scope. For example; a continuous element can be formed into an entire panel array forming transverse, lateral, and longitudinal elements from one continuous element. Simple trusses of conventional reinforcement bar can be permitted by building officials without need for testing. Elements of differing configurations can be intermixed throughout an array. And many other potential configurations can be made.
Thus the scope of the invention should be determined by the appended claims and their legal equivalents, rather than by the examples given.
Claims
1. A device; a static structural reinforcement connecting element comprised of an aperture created by, a method; a predetermined disposition of reinforcing members providing means to attain higher ductility, and composite action in structures.
2. The connecting aperture device and method, of claim 1, wherein said aperture device is comprised of any arrangement of elements of a truss when at least one continuous web element or at least one cord element is bent, folded tied, woven, or formed to a curvilinear waveform, aperture, or loop providing means for containment or girding of reinforcement within the area bonded by one or more truss elements.
3. The connecting aperture device and method, of claim 1, wherein said aperture device provides means for ductile connection of reinforcement.
4. The connecting aperture device and method, of claim 1, wherein an aperture comprised by a method of arrangement of one or more reinforcement elements girds and interconnects reinforcement in a framework providing means for a composite and ductile erection.
5. The connecting aperture device and method, of claim 1, wherein specifications can be tailored as to longitudinal truss elements, lateral cross elements, freely locatable reinforcement apertures, insulation cores, transverse spanning reinforcements, and cementation components as to design, size, spacing, materials, methodology, and manufacture as required by any particular engineered demands to provide means for strength and versatility use.
6. The connecting aperture device and method, of claim 1, wherein trusses are fabricated with a multiplicity of apertures along the horizontal length, alternating from side to side thus providing means for the allowance, communication and flow through of said apertures by cross member reinforcement.
7. The connecting aperture device and method, of claim 1, wherein at least one element is comprised of cut, bent, woven, shaped, folded, looped, formed, twisted, tied, straight or curvilinear reinforcement elements of a material of the group consisting of mineral, metal, fiber, or chemical.
8. The connecting aperture device and method, of claim 1, wherein the device is disposed in a plurality along transverse faces of a truss providing a means where the reinforcement transfers forces through the reinforcement matrix in both tension and compression.
9. The connecting aperture device and method, of claim 1, wherein the aperture is formed by the innermost cross-sectional face of a web vertex and the outermost cross-sectional face of an inwardly mounted cord, leaving sufficient space for insertion of substantially perpendicular reinforcement, providing means for unification of a predetermined plurality of trusses, and reinforcement elements in longitudinal, lateral, and transverse axis.
10. The connecting aperture device and method, of claim 1, wherein a truss system comprising a plurality of trusses arranged in spaced apart, generally side-by-side relation embedded within a plurality of elongate insulation core braces, each individual core brace extending between and engaging adjacent trusses thus maintaining a desired spacing there-between, the braces being arranged in a row extending generally orthogonally to the sides of the trusses such that the longitudinal axes of the braces and the trusses are generally coincident, said plurality of trusses compressively positioned by and between said insulation core modules, and interleaved between adjacent individual insulation panels at a predetermined spatial arrangement and relationship and extending the predetermined span of said cementation in such a manner that said cores are centered transversely in the truss webbing between said appositional chord elements providing means for correct reinforcement embedment within the appositional cementation layers, and providing a vapor barrier, a means of insulation, and spatial alignment of said trusses.
11. The connecting aperture device and method of claim 1, wherein said apertures comprised of the predetermined disposition of web vertex, and cord elements of a truss or lattice structure are formed or bent at angles to the web so that they lie flush to one another to provide a means of rigidly affixing them together side by side, and align to one another contiguously to provide means for the free passage through and containment within said aperture device of crossing substantially perpendicular reinforcement elements.
- a. The connecting aperture device and method of claim 1, wherein each truss in a given plurality is rotated in an opposite direction from adjacent trusses such that each truss affixed to each adjacent truss's appositional and adjacent mating aperture provides means to form a three dimensional panel, and folded plate structure.
- b. The connecting aperture device and method of claim 1, wherein a truss structure is elaborated by assembling said trusses edge to edge in planes which intersect at aligned parallel longitudinal lines of vertices which alternate transversely from side to side of the resulting three dimensional space frame, said aligned vertices consequently also forming lateral parallel lines of the resulting system in a predetermined disposition such that they provide means to form said device.
- c. The connecting aperture device and method of claim 1, wherein said curvilinear and or waveform webbing provides means for a three dimensional structural action once lateral or cross reinforcement and facings of cementations are installed.
- d. Lateral and transverse axes in cross section consequently resemble the longitudinal cross section, consisting of alternating triangular forms, neighboring triangles inverted, between parallel lines, the bases of said triangular cross section composed of either truss cords or lateral reinforcement passed through the cincturing vertices along the intersecting planes of the longitudinal trusses.
- e. Said cords and lateral reinforcement form alternating lines transversely from side to side of the space frame along its longitudinal and lateral axes at the alternating vertices of the continuous web elements initially described.
- f. The alternating intersecting planes of trusses across all three axes of the consequent space frame form substantially square based pyramidal structures affording a three dimensional structural matrix.
- g. Each cinctured vertex of the frame is one corner of the square base of one or more said structures, depending upon its location at an edge, corner, or in the field of a panel of this configuration of space frame, as well as the summit vertex of an inverted neighboring one, the alternate square bases forming the substantially planar opposite surface lattices of the space frame.
12. The connecting aperture device and method of claim 1, wherein truss elements comprising one chord and one web are formed or bent of said web elements so that apertures are created at the web vertices without an affixed chord in simple, and or compound angles to said lattice in a manner to allow the insertion, and passage trough, and cincture of longitudinal reinforcement or lateral field chords to any other chord or reinforcing element for use as a chord in apposition, which provides means to utilize said lattice for adding shear at panel ends, and around openings in panels, and at intersections of structures, and for construction of box beams, and three dimensional panel systems, and to allow diverse structures to beplaced together and rigidly affixed to one another juxtaposed so that there is a sharing of chords in apposition providing a means for design flexibility.
13. The connecting aperture device and method of claim 1, wherein structural elements of the family of wood, steel or other materials commonly used in structures can be fitted to act as a cord elements and become incorporated into the composite structure providing a means to develop a stronger bond and shear transfer within the hybrid assemblage of structural elements;.
14. The connecting aperture device and method, of claim 1, wherein an aperture equipped truss is used as a spacer and support device for installation girding the chords of adjacent trusses providing means for alignment and bracing of components during construction and after completion of construction.
15. The connecting aperture device and method, of claim 1, wherein lateral cross member reinforcement is installed after welded wire mesh or materials from the group consisting of fibrous, or sinuous materials, or other sheeting goods have been positioned so that said apertures protrude through said mesh or sheeting and provide a cincturing or girding and combining, providing means for increased ductility and composite action.
16. The connecting aperture device and method, of claim 1, wherein said lattice elements containing said pre spaced cinctures can be laid flat, web face towards the ends of the plurality of elongated lattice elements' and provide a cinctured spatial alignment device that will add rigidity to the framework prior to the cementation and provide additional reinforcement and composite action, and ductile properties to the structural cementation.
17. The connecting aperture device and method, of claim 1, wherein said cincturing aperture can be provided by rigidly affixing said web element to at least two cords by sandwiching, and or by weaving, and or folding, and or bending and said web element and is rigidly affixed to one or more chord elements in opposition forming one or more apertures in parallel or tangential or angular opposition for insertion of reinforcement elements of an elongated and sinuous nature to span between said apertures interconnecting, and girding, and cincturing said spanning reinforcement to said elongated lattice framework containing a plurality of said cincturing apertures along its span.
18. The connecting aperture device and method, of claim 1, wherein a freely locatable aperture cincture element comprised of bent, woven or folded continuous loop reinforcement provides a means for attachment of structural elements into a composite network of reinforcement or to adjacent structural elements of an assembled framework and for connectivity to prior art components preventing relative movement of said attached elements to achieve higher ductility and transverse composite unification in tension as well as compression.
19. The connecting aperture device and method, of claim 1, wherein a modular component composite panel system comprising a plurality of longitudinally extending spaced web trusses containing apertures is secured to appositional cementations, and other structures sandwiching a insulation core.
Type: Application
Filed: Dec 4, 2003
Publication Date: Jun 29, 2006
Inventors: Theodore Anvick (Fulerton, CA), Forrest Chadwick (Culver City, CA)
Application Number: 10/728,331
International Classification: E04H 12/00 (20060101);