Influencing the profile of the properties of a web by means of at least one acoustic field
The invention relates to a method and a device for the processing of a fiber web or a suspension layer in a paper-, cardboard- or coating-machine or a size press for influencing the profile of the properties of a web by means of at least one sectional, directed acoustic (sound) field. In other words, the acoustic field is narrower than the width of the fiber web or the suspension layer, and the acoustic field affects components of the fiber web or suspension layer at a defined angle. Profiles of the properties of a web influenced by acoustic fields are lamination, spatial orientation, fiber orientation, dry content, breaking length ratio, flocculation and color coat thickness. Furthermore, the introduction of a signature mark into the fiber web or suspension layer is possible.
The invention relates to a method and a device for the processing of a fiber web or a suspension layer in a paper-, cardboard- or coating-machine or a size press for influencing the profile of the properties and in this way the paper or cardboard produced.
Despite the fact that the present invention under discussion is suitable for paper machines as well as cardboard machines, it will (for stylistic reasons only) be referred to throughout as a “paper machine”. The transition from a suspension layer to a fiber web in a former of a paper machine is called the “immobility point” by experts. Expert's current opinion is that the fibers do not change their orientation in the fiber web after that point. Due to the fact that the position of the immobility point cannot exactly be defined and, additionally, the fact that in the invention under discussion this point movable towards the press section, the term fiber web alone will be used in future. These stylistic definitions are not valid for the claims and the abstract in this text.
By the prior art many paper machines and their components are known. As examples are the publications EP 0489094 A1 and EP 0627523 A1 cited. In these publications a special kind of former is described. Both formers have in common that a suspension beam comes out of the headbox and that the beam is as broad as the width of the paper machine and that it runs into a gap between two wires of the former. There are several dewatering elements in the former, which take the water out of the suspension layer, so that linked fiber web is build at the end of the former. As the fiber web is so unstable that a suction roll of the following press section has to carefully take on fiber web without the use of a so called open draw.
The two most important characteristics of a fiber web at the end of a paper machine are the cross profiles of paper weight and the fiber orientation. Since the invention of a sectional (i.e. in zone divided working width), density controlled headbox, cross profiles are controllable independently of each other. This is published in the extra print p2971 ”Faserorientierungs-Querprofil” (translated: Fiber Orientation Cross Profile) by the Voith Sulzer company. But, nevertheless, despite using this headbox, the fiber orientation cross profile is often incorrect.
As every person skilled in the art knows, at headboxes, which are not sectionally, density controlled, it is more difficult to approximately control the desired basis weight cross profile and the fiber orientation cross profile.
Substantially the dewatering of a fiber web in a former is made by the forming roll and to the direction of the wire running over the working width cross directional orientated following dewatering slats (=ledges). In some cases the dewatering is made by dragging blades, foils and so called skimmers. In the past with table paper machines (=Fourdrinier paper machines) register (or table) rolls were used. In spite of the invention of the sectional, density controlled headbox, there is an additional and significant problem in the paper production. Because the dewatering line from the headbox outlet to the immobility point amounts to a few meters and because the suspension beam is highly turbulent, the fiber orientation by the dewatering in the former undergoes significant disturbances, which are cause worsening the fiber orientation cross profile.
A further disadvantage in prior art is the point that in the former the fiber orientation cross profile can only be little influenced. The influencing, for example, is made—in a view the width of the machine—by means of different pressure against the dewatering element. In prior art the dewatering elements are substantially rigid elements, so even if pressure is only applied at a pressing at one point of the dewatering elements, neighboring regions of that pressing point are also affected. Therefore—as one could say—a so called “emitting” effect is caused by the dewatering elements. Altogether the pressed area amounts to perhaps 1 meter. Due to the varying pressure on the dewatering elements, a cross directional flow (i.e. cross directional to the wire running direction) in the fiber web occurs. This causes further disadvantages because of the dependent interaction of the basis weight cross profile, the fiber orientation cross profile and the dry content cross profile (see extra print p2971).
Every time, if the wire of a former runs over a dewatering element, pressure pulses have an effect on the fiber web. This is, for example, written in the extra print p3025e “High Technology Components for Cost Effective Paper Machine Upgrading” by Voith Sulzer Paper Technology, page 4 and 5. A further disadvantage in prior art is that the number of pulses are the same as the number of dewatering elements and therefore the number of pulses are limited. Furthermore, the pulse itself is a technological disadvantage: According to Fourier-mathematics a pulse is a superposition of different sine- and cosine-functions, which are whole-numbered multiples of a basic frequency. The pulseform is the result of the hydrodynamic situation between the dewatering elements and the wire. If the hydrodynamic givens change temporarily even a little (for example by an alteration in the water shim between the dewatering element and the wire), it is possible that the ranges of the frequency spectrum, which is responsible for a good fiber orientation (or retention), is not available. The pulseform alterations just have an effect on the higher ranges of the frequency spectrum and just this ranges are very powerful, which is clearly advantageous.
A further disadvantage in prior art is that the pulses substantially are vertical to the fiber web and to the wires respectively. Also the pulses—in view over the width of the paper machine—only partially influenced by varying pressure against the dewatering elements, which causes the already mentioned disadvantage of the “emitting” effect.
It is the object of the invention to provide a method, a devise and a paper which would reduce or avoid the cited disadvantages.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTIONAs already stated, if the suspension beam leaves the outlet of the headbox, the is only a little and an insufficient possibility for influencing the basis weight and/or the fiber orientation cross profile by the dewatering elements. Fundamentally, this problem is based on the fiber web, which is “caught” between two wires. Because the wires are running, it is not possible to “grab through” the wires to influence, for example, the fiber orientation. There is also no possibility of influencing, for example, the fiber orientation by means of the gap between the wires at the tender and the drive side. This method of influencing is not possible, because it has to effect at least than half of the width of the fiber web. The width of the fiber web amounts to perhaps 10 meters, but the distance between the wires amounts only a few millimeters. Therefore today the influencing over the gaps is not controllable. This lack of control also occurs, because the regions of the fiber web, which are closer to the tender or drive side, hide the more inner regions of the fiber web.
Therefore; the inventor searched for a constructional element, which would allow to “grab through” at least one wire. This tool ought to be able to influence through the meshes of the running wire, but without placing itself in the meshes. Because that area of the paper machine is a “rough” environment and a such fine material tool would not be practical, the inventor had the idea that one should send a directed energy to the meshes. Because non insulated electrical energy in a wet environment is not practical (because of possible electric shocks), the decision was made in favor of sound energy. The wave fronts of the sound waves are destroyed by the strings of the wire, but—as the inventor discovered—by the Principle of Huyghens, elementary waves arise in the meshes of the wire and on the other side of the wire that elementary waves interfere with each other to wave fronts again.
Influencing on a fiber web by means of a sound field has an elementary advantage: The sound field is positionable directly to the desired region of the fiber web which needs to be influenced, because the sound field is positionable on the opposite side of the wire, which is the region, which shall be influenced. The distance to the fibers between the wire surface amounts less then one millimeter (the thickness of a wire is, for example, 0.7 millimeter) and not few meters as in prior art. As shown, by the described first step of the invention, the wire is no serious barrier. A further advantage in comparison to the influencing with dewatering ledges is, that with the invention the “emitting” effect does not occur.
In physics the so called Kundt's Dust Figures and Chladni's Sound Figures are well-known. In these figures particles take an orientation by means of vibrations at a horizontal plane surface (particle accumulations in vertical direction in relation to the horizontal plane surface can be ignored). An orientation of the particles—as would be necessary, for example, for a fiber orientation—is not known in the cited figures. Also the forms of the figures are not practicable for the influencing of a fiber web, because a homogeneity of a fiber web is desired.
With the current average fiber web width of up to 10 meters, one single sound field wouldn't be enough and by use of at least two (in relation to the working width) spotlike sound fields, interference hyperbolas will occur. Therefore, a homogeneous sound field between the wires are impossible.
Thus the question is, how must the form of a sound field be designed for the influencing, for example, of the fiber orientation. Furthermore, does a fiber web transitioning sound field only shake up the fibers—like feathers in a pillow—or do the fibers receive a defined orientation from the direction of the sound field. In the magazine article “Das Ultraschallfeld als Kaltgasfalle” from “Spektrum der Wissenschaft” (translated: The Ultrasound Field as Cold Gas Trap) from January 2000 (German edition of Scientific American) the inventor has discovered that it is possible to let hang ice crystals by means of an ultrasound field. In the aspect of hanging particles for the described device, the inventor saw a further part of the solution for the particles of the Kundt's Dust respectively Chladni's Sound Figures. The ultrasound is not absolutely essential for the “Cold Gas Trap”, but because of its higher energy it is a helpful tool. Whilst researching the studies in basic literature (Physics and Technique of Ultrasound, author Heinrich Kuttruff, S. Hirzel publishing house, Stuttgart, edition 1988), the inventor discovered on page 169 a treatise about the so called Pohlman-Cell. This Pohlman-Cell (quotation) “ . . . is a flat box with transparent walls. To the incoming sound orientated wall is a thin foil which lets sound pass. The cell contains a liquid in which numerous little metal plates are suspended. In a state of rest these little metal plates do not have an ordered orientation. But if the little metal plates come into contact with a sound wave, so they align themselves vertical to the sounds incoming direction . . . ”. This also shows valid that ultra sound not essential, but because of its high energy density it is helpful. The described orientation of the thin plates—as referred to in physics—is based on the “effects of second order”.
Due to technical production reasons, in a paper machine, the main direction of the fiber is mostly wanted in the running direction, because then in this direction a higher tensile strength is present and, therefore, the risk of the fiber web snapping is reduced. If someone wants to use the effect of the Pohlman-Cell for the fiber orientation, for example in the running direction, so the spreading direction of the sound field must be cross directionally orientated to the running direction and must also be directed in an as acute as possible angle to the wire. By this alignment of the sound field, the fibers of the fiber web—at least partially—are orientated in a plane, which is on the one hand, in the running direction and, on the other hand, oblique between the wires. In an extreme case, the fibers in the plane are orientated with there one end to one wire and with there other end to the other wire, and not in running direction. For the moment these fibers do not contribute to an increase of tensile strength, the so called tear length. But the inventor recognized that by the gradual approximation of the wires during the run at the dewatering of the fiber web and during the dewatering flow in direction to the wire outside, these fibers turn in, respectively against, the running direction, but the fibers retain in this process there orientation in the plane of the wave fronts.
Even if the fibers, by their past movement to the sound field (together with the wires), might only turn a little bit in the plane, which is perpendicular to the spreading direction of the sound field, the fibers nevertheless take on an angular momentum and so the fibers turn again after their passing of the sound field, so that they attain the desired direction.
For the sake of completeness, it should be mentioned that in the area of the former, partly the main fiber direction—e.g. near the tender and the drive side of the fiber web—an acute angle intentionally is desired in relation to the running direction. During the further dewatering and drying process, the fiber web undergoes a shrinkage, so that finally at the end of the paper machine the main fiber direction is essentially parallel to the running direction. So one can say: the desired fiber orientation cross profile at the end of the former is not at all identical with the zero-line of a graph.
Additional to the described possibility of the alignment of fibers by means of a sound field, there is an alternative to influencing the fibers with two sound fields. These two sound fields either effect the fibers (in view of the running direction) consecutively, or simultaneously of a section of fiber web width (sectional working width). This is important to the inventive process, because that fibers are not little metal plates or thin plates (see previously cited Pohlman-Cell) . The fibers are more comparable with stick-shaped elements. Therefore fibers are able to align as to the plane of wave fronts of a first sound field as well as to the plane of wave fronts of a second sound field. The fibers are then parallel to the line of intersection of these two sound fields and therefore generate the new main fiber direction. If the main fiber direction is desired in the running direction, so the line of intersection of the sound fields must be aligned in the running direction, which is possible by a respective swiveling of the sound fields around an axis, which is perpendicular to the plane of the fiber web.
The influencing of a fiber web by means of at least one directed sound field includes a further advantage: If the sound field penetrated the fiber web and an optional second wire, so suspension water will be pressed through the outer surface of the second wire. If a skimmer is placed downwards to the running direction, it is able to take this water away. In physics this lifting of water is called levitation. If a sound field is perpendicular to the fiber web, so this effect gets is maximized.
With a directed sound field, it is further possible, to unlink already linked fibers, because the wave fronts penetrate the fiber web and by this the unlinked fibers loosen their contact with other fibers. Subsequently these unlinked fibers will at least be placed down on the inner surface of the second wire. Due to this effect, the immobility point in the dewatering line in a former moves closer to the press section.
From this, a further advantage arises, in that if a few separate fiber webs are brought together (to build a multilayer fiber web), these layers can be “woven together” with a directed sound field.
An another advantage of the invention is that the influencing of fiber orientation and the influencing of basis weight cross profile in the headbox are as independent from each other as possible. In other words, by means of the invention the fiber orientation (sectional) is possible alone with a directed sound field, while the headbox controls only the desired basis weight cross profile. It is also intended that by use of a sectional density controlled headbox, the fiber orientation in the consecutive former can improved by the present invention.
But not only fibers can be aligned with a directed sound field: generally color particles haven't a sphere form. The kaolin used in paper production has a lamella like structure. By reason of the above mentioned facts it is understandable that color particles can also be aligned by the proposed method. If the color particles—or, for example, little metal plates—are mixed into the suspension and the wave fronts are parallel to the surface of the fiber web, so the particles or the little metal plates will also undergo a parallel orientation to the surface of the fiber web. If the sound field in this embodiment does not effect the whole width of the fiber web, a colored signature in the fiber web is possible, which is translucent in the dry fiber web. If the sound field additionally is oscillating and/or intermitting, so line shaped or pattern shaped signatures can be designed. This has the advantage that, for example, paper documents and also paper money can be provided with a kind of signature, which is positioned inside the paper and not printed on the paper and therefore exceptionally counterfeitproof. But in this way the fibers are also alignable so that, for example, with a special lamp the inventive signature can be read or checked. This method of reading works by light reflection and/or light transition.
Color particles in the sump of a coating machine or color particles at the surface of a fiber web in a coating machine can also be aligned, by means of the invention, parallel to the fiber web surface. There is the advantage that the irregular color plates can be aligned in layers and therefore the aligned plates can better glide relative to each other at the coating operation or the doctoring process. This means that the shearing stress in the coating color can be reduced by the invention. By this gliding, the color particles don't hook together or don't block, which otherwise would create a thicker and above all an irregular coating film. A positive side effect is that the sound field in the sump of a coating machine can destroy color lumps and/or can remove containing gases out of the coating color.
A further, very essential advantage of the invention is that the spreading speed of a sound field in a liquid amounts to nearly 1500 m/s, but the working speed of a modern paper machine is only 30 m/s. If a sound field, for example, has a width of 100 mm (in the running direction of the fiber web) and a frequency of 20,000 Hz, so the fibers are influenced by a total 67 vibrations in their run over the sound field. In comparison to the formers of the prior art with their limited number of slats (dewatering ledges), the inventive use of the sound field presents a much higher number of pulses, wherein the pulses/vibrations not only influence the dewatering, but also influence selectively the orientation of fibers and other particles. This just mentioned advantage can be heightened, if the chosen frequency is substantially higher. Because the inventive device—in view of the running direction—is very narrow, either it is possible to place the device between two slats or to place instead of few slats (dewatering ledges). So at least the number of ledges substantially remains the same.
The inventive sound fields are generated by an electric powered emitter. Every emitter consists of a power unit and a housing. The drive is created by a coil, a magnetic piston and a membrane or by piezo elements or the drive works on the magnetostrictive or capacitive principle. The surface of the power unit which emits the sound field does generally has a parallel stroke. Because the emitters are electrically driven, their power units can be designed by means of electro-technics and electronics in manifold ways. By using a central control unit, vibrations for each power unit are individually adjustable. By superposition of vibrations, periodic pulses can also be generated. The vibrations will be defined, for example at the control unit, in their amplitude, phase, frequency and energy. So that for every power unit a separate cable need not be laid, it is particularly advantageous, if the control occurs by means of a central data bus. Because with a paper machine several kinds of paper will be produced and therefore a lot of production parameters are necessary, it is advantageous, if the parameters of the inventive device are stored in a database of the control unit. If production of a specific kind of paper with know parameters will be restarted, the parameters will be reloaded from the storage. Production costs are reduced due to this increased efficiency. Further it is advantageous if the control unit is linked to an online-measuring system, for example, to a so called measuring frame.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGSFurther advantageous embodiments of the invention are the object of pending claims and will be explained in the context of the description of the FIGS. 9 to 43. The FIGS. 1 to 8 show illustrating prior art.
In the former of
In
Foil 13 shown in
In
The embodiments to the prior art of FIGS. 1 to 5 is common that the number of pulses for the dewatering and the fiber orientation—respective formation—is very limited and an individual adjustment to the pressure of the ledges for the sections of the width (sectional adjustment) is only insufficiently given.
FIGS. 6 to 8 must considered in context.
In
The liquid transmitting media 27 is very similar to the suspension water in its compound and its composition. Because it is possible that the transmitting media 27 and the suspension water mix themselves together, is it sensible, if the transmitting media 27 consists of suspension water or clear water. In this respect, the transmitting media 27 is important to the invention, because a good acoustic-mechanical coupling occurs between the power unit 23 and the fiber web 12. If there was—for example at least partly—an air cushion between the power unit 23 and the fiber web 12, little of the energy of the power unit 23 would be transmitted to the fiber web 12. An air cushion in the meshes of the wire in the dewatering zone of a former is unlikely, because these meshes are full of suspension water.
In contrast to
By means of the arrangement of an inclined emitter 22 in
In
In
It is not necessary that the crossing sound fields 25 are act from one side of the fiber web 12. In
A better solution is shown in
In
In context of the invention, the wave fronts 26 need not always be flat.
In
With magnetizeable metal particles a magnetic signatures can also be produced.
A signature is also possible with particles, which have elastic volume. This has the advantage that, for example, a pimpled signature, which will be pressed together by the surface pressure of a drying cylinders, yankee dryers or calander rolls, afterwards can stretch these pimples.
In the context of the invention a veined metal strip, as for example in banknotes, also can be fixed in its position. This metal strip can Also prevented in a otherwise possible twisting along its longitudinal axis.
A optional reflector 33 is able to throw back the sound field to the fiber web. According to the dimensioning of the sound field in the fiber web 12, either a parallel signature 40 will be generated, or at interfering sound fields, the signature will become more intensive. If the sound field 25 is operated intermittently, so by a control logic, which depends on the speed of the running direction 15, 16 and depends on the speed of the motor rotor 38, a signature 40 can be written into the paper (as a defined pattern or lettering/logo).
In contrast to
In
In the description of
In
The top view of
Another embodiment of the reflector 33 is shown in the
In
In
The space between the wire 2 and a—preferably extending over the whole width of the paper machine—traverse 57 is filled with the transmitting media 27. The emitter 22 and the inclined reflector are preferably arranged on a mounting disc 58. Therefore the swivel angle 29 of the emitter and the swivel angle 54 of the—here inclined—reflector 33 are the same. Therefore only one align mechanism is necessary. The traverse 57 is in this embodiment a mounting plane, on which other components can be arranged. The mounting disc 58 is supported swiveling at the traverse 57 by means of a holder 60. A seal 59 prevents leakage of the transmitting media 27 to the lower part of the housing 61, which has to be kept dry because of electric connectors 46. Between the circle of the mounting disc 58 (which is, for example, provided with a gear) and the holder 60, an adjusting motor for the swivel angles 29, 54 can be positioned.
The device in
The indicated section line A-A in
Because of the recess of the reflector 33 of
At this point it should be mentioned that wires with narrow meshes—depending on the energy of a sound field—can be so dense, that they too can function as a flat reflector.
In FIGS. 41 to 43 a further field of application of directed sound fields is shown. It was already explained that not only fibers, but also additives of paper production can be aligned with directed sound fields. FIGS. 41 to 43 show an application in a coating machine, but the described solution can also be used for the gluing of a fiber web in a size press.
In
If—as shown in
The backing roll 62 and the applicator roll 63, in relation to the emitter 22 shown, are reflectors. Additionally if the surfaces of the power units 23 are convex-shaped and they form a parallel gap with the rolls, so standing waves might be generated.
1 wire
2 wire
3 headbox
4 curved forming shoe
5 ledge (slat)
6 skimmer
7 suction roll
8 suction box
9 double ledge (double slat)
10 forming roll
11 dragging blade
12 fiber web/suspension
13 foil
14 register roll
15 running direction in the plane of the drawing
16 running direction perpendicular to the plane of the drawing
17 measured fiber orientation cross profile
18 desired fiber orientation cross profile
19 angle of the main fiber direction
20 main fiber direction
21 fiber
22 emitter
23 power unit
24 housing
25 sound field (acoustic field)
26 wave front
27 transmitting media
28 spreading direction of a sound field
29 swivel angle of the emitter
30 inclination of the emitter to the wire-normal
31 surface water (suspension water)
32 duplicator
33 reflector
34 reflector with parallel compensation
35 ring shaped motor stator
36 connecting cable
37 holder
38 ring shaped motor rotor
39 guide for the motor rotor
40 signature
41 deflection
42 aperture plate
43 supply pipe for the transmitting media
44 outlet pipe for the transmitting media
45 sliding surface
46 electric connector
47 sensor
48 sensor-measurement connection
49 standing wave
50 edge strip
51 overlap
52 swinging direction
53 writing head
54 swivel angle of the reflector
55 conduit
56 mounting element
57 traverse
58 mounting disc
59 seal
60 holder
61 housing
62 backing roll
63 applicator roll
64 color sump
65 surface of the color sump
66 coating film
67 doctor blade/element
Claims
1. Method for the processing of a fiber web or a suspension layer (12) in a paper-, cardboard- or coating-machine or a size press for influencing of a profile of properties,
- wherein,
- said influencing of a profile of properties uses at least one sectional, directed sound field (25), which means that the sound field is narrower than the width of the fiber web or the suspension layer (12) and that the sound field affects, under a defined angle, the components of the fiber web or suspension layer (12).
2. Method as in claim 1,
- wherein,
- said profile of properties is a profile—a so called Z-profile—which is perpendicular to the plane of the fiber web or suspension layer (12).
3. Method as in claim 1, wherein,
- said profile of properties is a cross profile, which means, that this profile is orientated crosswise to the running direction (15, 16) and to the plane of the fiber web or suspension layer (12).
4. Method according to claim 1, wherein,
- an emitter (22) generates said sound field by means of a liquid transmitting media (27).
5. Method according to claim 1, wherein,
- at least one further sectional, directed sound field (25) affects the components of the fiber web or suspension layer (12) of this section, wherein this further sound field (25)—in view of the running direction (15, 16)—can be offset to the first sound field (25).
6. Method as in claim 5,
- wherein,
- the first sound field (25) and the second sound field (25) simultaneously affect the components of the fiber web or suspension layer (12) and interfere—at least partly—with each other.
7. Method according to claim 1, wherein,
- the second sound field (25)—at least partly—will generated by the first sound field (25) by means of reflection.
8. Method according to claim 1, wherein,
- a standing wave (49) affects the components of the fiber web or suspension layer (12).
9. Method as in claim 8,
- wherein,
- the standing wave (49) consists of a sound field (25) and of its—at least partly—reflection.
10. Method according to claim 1, wherein,
- the direction of the sound field (25) will be deflected by means of refraction at its transition from solid to liquid matter.
11. Method according to claim 1, wherein,
- by means of at least one sound field (25) the lamination of the fiber web or the suspension layer (12) will be influenced in its Z-direction.
12. Method according to claim 1, wherein,
- by means of at least one sound field (25) the orientation to the spatial axis of the components of the fiber web or suspension layer (12) will be influenced.
13. Method according to claim 1, wherein,
- by means of at least one sound field (25) the fiber orientation—this means the fibers in the plane of fiber web or suspension layer (12)—will be influenced.
14. Method according to claim 1, wherein,
- by means of at least one sound field (25), the dry content of a fiber web or suspension layer (12) will be influenced.
15. Method according to claim 1, wherein,
- by means of at least one sound field (25), the breaking length ratio of a fiber web or suspension layer (12) will be influenced.
16. Method according to claim 1, wherein,
- by means of at least one sound field (25), the flocculation of a fiber web or suspension layer (12) will be influenced.
17. Method according to claim 1, wherein,
- by means of at least one sound field (25), the color coat thickness of a fiber web or suspension layer (12) will be influenced.
18. Method according to claim 1, wherein,
- by means of at least one sound field (25), the liquid thickness of a size press of a fiber web or suspension layer (12) will be influenced.
19.-22. (canceled)
23. Paper or cardboard according to claim 1, wherein,
- at least one profile of properties of a web influenced by means of one sectional, directed sound field (25).
24.-27. (canceled)
28. Device for the processing of a fiber web or suspension layer (12) in a paper-, cardboard- or coating-machine or size press of influencing of a profile of properties, wherein,
- at least one sectional emitter (22) generates a sound field (25), between the emitter (22) and the components of the fiber web or suspension layer (12) a liquid transmitting media (27) is arranged.
29.-46. (canceled)
Type: Application
Filed: Mar 20, 2006
Publication Date: Jul 20, 2006
Inventor: Dieter Ronnenberg (Steinheim)
Application Number: 11/385,572
International Classification: D21F 5/00 (20060101); D21F 7/06 (20060101);