Block For Forming Wall And The Wall Thus Formed
A kind of block for building wall and the wall built with said blocks. There are many analogous blocks laid to overlap and stagger with upper/nether block continuously in said wall. The block extends lengthways and comprises top surface (1), bottom surface (2) and two end surfaces (3); the cross section thereof on the whole is a converse trumpet shape; the top surface (1) has a mid ridge (4) higher than the two sides of the surface so as to form the left/right supporting slope (5); the top surface (1) and the bottom surface (2) are formed in this way: when a block overlap with a analogous block thereunder to form a wall, the left and right supporting slope (5) become a blocking structure to lock the two blocks neighbored up and down, the raised dimension of the mid ridge (4) can cut off space-time trochoid. This invention also provides the assistant blocks, which cooperate with said blocks when building wall.
This invention relates to a block for forming constructing walls and constructing roofs, as well as walls thus formed. In particular, it relates to a block capable of forming the walls, which are double-side leak-proof and water-stop.
BACKGROUND ARTThe measures for realizing leak proof, non watertight and soil keeping of the wall are important problems in the field of construction.
The leaking portions are: 1) leakage of the masonry joint of the wall, 2) leakage between the masonry block and the frame pillar in the construction of framework, 3) leakage between the masonry block and the top surface of frame girder in the construction of framework, 4) leakage between the masonry block and the bottom surface of frame girder in the construction of framework.
There are two ways for realizing leak proof of the masonry joints in walls. One is to reduce the craze of the masonry joint. The other one is to adopt a design of a concave-convex structure, which makes the masonry block leak-proof by the mutually bonding of the blocks. However, there are some disadvantages, such as complicated production, inconvenience of use, shortcoming of functions and so on, thus not solving the existing problem.
As shown in
As shown in
In the past, the solutions for solving leaking problem of the joint between the masonry block and the frame pillar are mainly that: providing tension reinforcing steel bar and pouring-punning them into linked girder to strengthen the joint and reduce the craze. However, this can not solve the problems of craze and leak proof.
There is no way for leak proof between the masonry block and the upper, bottom surfaces of the frame girder yet.
To realize leak proof of the wall of underground constructions, it commonly adopts the sealing cincture, waterproof ointment and some other water-proof materials to make the constructive slots and distortional slots air-proof and leak-proof. However, the sealing cincture and waterproof ointment are prone to be aged. There is another leak-proof measure, i.e., providing a sweat-soldering leak-proof layer between the wall and the rock, however, this measure usually results in leakage because of the loose engagement of the jointing, drop of the jointing, or craze of the leak-proof layer due to a distortion of the building.
The problem of the “non watertight” and “soil keeping” of retaining walls, dikes, embankments and other constructions are two inter-restrictions. The existing technologies are mainly to set up some drainage holes on the wall or to adopt dry masonry, neither of which can synchronously drain the water and protect the soil ideally.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTIONIn order to solve the existing problems, this invention provides the solutions as follows.
A block for forming a wall, wherein a plurality of analogous blocks are overlapped staggeringly and continuously in the wall. The block is a longitudinally profiled member, and includes a top surface, a bottom surface and two end surfaces. The cross section of the block is substantially of a shape of downward-flared recess. The top surface of said block has a mid ridge higher than two sides of the surface so that a left supporting slope and a right supporting slope are formed. The upper surface and bottom surface are formed such that: when the block is overlapped with a analogous block thereunder to form the wall, the top surface of the underlying block is engaged with the bottom surface of the upper block. The left and right supporting slopes are used as a blocking structure and make the vertically adjacent blocks to be interlocked
The “longitudinally profiled member” does not mean a completely uniform geometrical cross section. On the contrary, it means a structure, which mainly features in the left and right supporting slopes. For example, the block can include tongued-and-grooved structure on two end surfaces, or can have a hole inside the block. All of these can be considered as a longitudinally profiled member having the same cross section.
The “the cross section of the block being substantially of a shape of downward-flared recess” means such a feature that: the block has a small top and a large bottom; the projecting size of the mid ridge is large enough to cut off a space-time trajectory; the downward-flared recess for masonry engagement is deep correspondingly. For example, no matter with or without the shoulder, it is still within the concept of “the cross section of the shape of downward-flared recess”. The space-time trajectory can be obtained based on the given standards on leak proof or non watertight and soil keeping. The projecting size of the mid ridge can be determined according to the calculated space-time trajectory. The leak proof or non watertight and soil keeping standards can be established by the weather, experience and requirements in every country and every quarter.
In this invention, said “mid ridge” does not mean an exact geometrically middle or central portion. Any ridge, so long as it can form the left and right supporting slopes, can be considered as the mid ridge. For example, the ridge of the block, which has a shoulder on one side or has different supporting slopes on both sides, also belong to the mid ridge.
The left and right supporting slopes are used as a blocking structure. It shall be emphasized that it is a blocking structure capable of being leak-proof or non-watertight and soil-keeping.
The “being engaged with” means that the blocks are sized and shaped such that they can form the wall by dry masonry, sticking masonry, dry hanging and other masonry constructions. For example, the engagement between the adjacent blocks, or between the block and the auxiliary block, or between the block and the relevant member in the wall can be used to form the wall. The sticking masonry means a masonry by using cement and mortar, mixed mortar, chemical glue, adhesives and other bonding materials. The dry masonry and dry hanging do not adopt the bonding materials.
The blocks are shaped and sized such that: when three analogous blocks are overlapped vertically, the vertical distance between the top of the ridge of the bottommost block and the bottom foot of the uppermost block is less than one third of the height of the block. With the wall formed by the shaped and sized blocks, when the water moves in the air while being subject to the force, which is equal to the 7th levels wind and is vertical to the wall, the projecting size of the mid ridge can cut off the space-time trajectory, and hence to be leak-proof.
The blocks are shaped and sized such that: when the three analogous blocks are overlapped vertically, the top of the ridge of the bottommost block is higher than the bottom foot of the uppermost block. The leak-proof or non-watertight and soil-keeping effects are the most perfect.
The “bottom foot” means the lowest portion of both sides, the sides are bounded by the mid ridge, of the block. When the lowest portion is a plane, the bottom foot is the portion which is most close to the surface of the wall to be formed.
The top surface has a radiation-proof plate thereon, which extends out of the end surface. The blocks are shaped and sized such that: when the three analogous blocks are overlapped vertically, the top of the ridge of the bottommost block is higher than the bottom foot of the uppermost block. In the wall formed by the blocks, the radiation-proof plate of adjacent blocks are connected end to end , and thus having the effect of radiation protection.
A block assembly for forming a wall comprises blocks and auxiliary blocks. A block for forming a wall, wherein a plurality of analogous blocks are overlapped staggeringly and continuously in the wall. The block is a longitudinally profiled member, and includes a top surface, a bottom surface and two end surfaces. The cross section of the block is substantially of a shape of downward-flared recess. The top surface of said block has a mid ridge higher than two sides of the surface so that a left supporting slope and a right supporting slope are formed. The upper surface and bottom surface are formed such that: when the block is overlapped with a analogous block thereunder to form the wall, the top surface of the underlying block is engaged with the bottom surface of the upper block. The left and right supporting slopes are used as a blocking structure and interlock the vertically adjacent blocks. In said wall, masonry joints are formed between the adjacent blocks, horizontal masonry joints are formed by the engagement between the top surfaces and the bottom surfaces, vertical masonry joints are formed by the engagement between the end surfaces, the vertically adjacent vertical masonry joints are arranged staggeringly. The staggering arrangement makes the blocks to be interlocked with each other to form a stable wall. The vertical masonry joints are also capable of producing the leak-proof effect and the non-watertight and soil-keeping effect.
When a pillar is provided in the wall, an outward-extending piece is provided on the side surface of the pillar. The outward-extending piece is engaged with the blocks, thus avoiding the leakage at the joint between the block and the pillar, and making the block to be engaged with the pillar and to be firmly interlocked.
When a girder is provided in the wall, a projecting piece is provided on the top surface of the girder, a groove is provided on the bottom surface of the girder. The lower surface of the projecting piece is engaged with the top surface of the girder. The projecting piece extends to the pillar at the nodal point of two adjacent beam/pillar, and engages with the pillar. The projecting piece is engaged with the downward-flared recess of the block, when the block engages with the top surface of the girder. The groove extends to the pillar at the nodal point of two adjacent beam/pillar, the groove is engaged with the top surface of the block, when the block engages with the bottom surface of the girder.
The projecting piece can stop the leakage at the joint between the block and the top surface of the girder. The groove can stop the leakage at the joint between the block and the bottom surface of the girder. The projection and the groove make the engagement between the block and the girder tight, and make the interlock stable.
For non-watertight and soil-keeping purpose, a non-watertight channel can be provided in the masonry joint of the wall. The water can run through the channel from one side of the wall to the other side. When the masonry joints is in dry masonry, the non-watertight channel is larger, and thus better non-watertight effect can be produced.
An isolation layer is provided on one side of the wall. The isolation layer is composed of several isolation sub-layers. The isolation sub-layers in the same layer are arranged in a manner of end to end. The isolation sub-layers in vertically layers are in lap joint. The lower isolation sub-layer is interposed between the upper sub-layer and the wall. The joint between the upper isolation sub-layers is staggered with that between the lower isolation sub-layer. An air gap is formed between the isolation layer and the wall.
A miter wall is formed by staggeringly overlapping elongated blocks. A vertical masonry joint is formed by the connection of the end surfaces of two blocks. The vertically adjacent vertical masonry joints are disposed in a stagger manner. The end of the elongated block is supported on a supporting member.
This invention solves the leak-proof problem and the non-watertight and soil-keeping problem by offering and analyzing a space-time trajectory of the fourth dimension.
Theoretical model of leak proof is that: when the water on the surface of the wall flows into the horizontal masonry joint and then into the vertical masonry joint, or directly into the vertical masonry joint, it flows inwardly and downwardly into the wall under the gravity and wind pressure, its space-time trajectory of leakage follows the rule of “high to low”. At this time, the top of the vertical masonry joint (slot) on the wall (i.e., the bottom foot of the block on the top of the vertical masonry joint) is usually the vertex of the space-time trajectory of leakage. The supporting slopes are provided on the block, the left and right supporting slopes form the mid ridge. When the water flows along the space-time trajectory to the ridge of the block under the vertical masonry joint, the top of the mid ridge can cut off the space-time trajectory to realize leak proof. Obviously, the larger the size of the ridge is, the better of the leak-proof effect is.
As known to all, the faster the muddy water is, the fewer the sediments are; the slower the muddy water is, the more the sediments are. The space-time trajectory of the muddy water follows the rule of “high to low”. The non-watertight and soil-keeping theoretical model is that: the supporting slope are provided on the block, the left and right supporting slopes form the mid ridge; the top of the ridge can cut off the space-time trajectory of the muddy water to make the water flowing into the horizontal masonry joints and the vertical masonry joints can only overflow the ridge of the block; the soil in the water is blocked by the supporting slope; the larger the mid ridge is, the better the non-watertight and soil-keeping effect is.
The block, which complies with this theoretical model, is a longitudinally profiled member. It shall have a top surface, a bottom surface and two end surfaces. The cross section of the block shall be in a shape of down-flared recess. The top surface of the block has a mid ridge higher than two sides of the surface so that the left and right supporting slopes are formed. The top and bottom surfaces are formed such that: when the block is overlapped with a analogous block thereunder to form the walls, the top surface of the underlying block is engaged with the bottom surface of the upper block. The left and right supporting slopes are used as a blocking structure and interlock the vertically adjacent blocks. The projecting size of the mid ridge can cut off the space-time trajectory.
When the standards for leak proof or non watertight and soil keeping are determined, the space-time trajectory can be determined, and then the projecting size of the mid ridge, which cuts off the space-time trajectory, can be determined. The larger the ridge is, the better the blocking effect is, and the better the water-stop, leak-proof or the non-watertight and soil-keeping effects are. The ideal leak-proof and non-watertight and soil-keeping effects are: the blocks are shaped and sized such that: when three analogous blocks are overlapped vertically, the top of the ridge of the bottommost block is higher than the bottom foot of the uppermost block.
According to theoretical model of leak proof, it takes a simple mathematical model 1 as an example. Suppose that the direction of the wind is horizontal and vertical to the surface of the wall, raindrops flow from the bottom foot, which is the topmost point of the vertical masonry joint, into the vertical masonry joint and flow inwardly and downwardly in the air. Suppose the bottom foot is the topmost point of the space-time trajectory of the leakage, the horizontal distance and the vertical distance from the bottom foot to the peak of the ridge of the lower block are Sx and Sy, respectively. The horizontal movement of the raindrops is an uniform motion, the horizontal speed is Vx, the time for the horizontal displacement Sx is Tx, then Sx=Vx*Tx. The ultimate speed of vertical descent of the raindrop is Vy=9 m/s, the time for the vertical displacement Sy is Ty, that is Sy=9Ty. Suppose the width of the block is 20 cm, when the peak of the sharp-angled ridge is in the middle of the width of the block, Sx=10 cm, Tx=10/Vx. If the ridge of the block can cut off the space-time trajectory of leakage to be leak-proof, then it is necessary Tx>Ty. In this case, for ease of calculation, the horizontal speed of Vx is equal to the speed of the wind. In the above conditions, critical Sy in different pressure of wind is in the following table 1, the vertical distance necessary for leak proof shall be less than the Sy as in the table.
No matter how complicated the actual leakage is, the smaller the Sy is, the larger the size of the ridge of the block into the downward-flared recess is, and the better the leak-proof effect is. It can be concluded from table 1 that: when Sy<0, that is, when three analogous blocks are overlapped vertically, it is preferable that the ridge of the uppermost block be higher than the bottom foot of the lowermost block. At this time, the effect of leak proof is the best.
Although the weather over the world are different, only if the mathematical model of the leak proof or the non-watertight and soil-keeping is established, and the standards of design of the leak proof or the non-watertight and soil-keeping is given, the relevant size of the block, which meet the requirements, can be determined.
The purposes and the helpful effects of this invention are mainly the following.
It perfectly solves the leak-proof problem of the masonry joints, and the problem of non-watertight and soil-keeping. It uses elongated blocks to form a leak-proof roof. It solves the leak-proof problem at the joint between the block and the pillar by the outward-extending piece. It solves the leak-proof problem at the joint between the block and the top surface of the girder by the projecting piece. It solves the leak-proof problem at the joint between the block and the bottom surface of the girder by the groove. It solves the leak-proof problem or the non-watertight and soil-keeping problem.
The block is of simpleness, few specifications, and is easy to be manufactured, transported and piled.
The block can be of different sizes, long or short, deep or thin, large or small.
The block can adopt different materials to manufacture, such as silt, clay, concrete, shale, haydite, plastic, resin, mental, composite material and other constructional materials, or coal ash and coal slag, coal slack, smelting slag, mineral slag, waste mineral, straw, rubbish and other waste materials. The materials can be acquired handily, thus saving the cost, making the wastes into use, protecting the environment.
The block can be used by sticking masonry, dry masonry, dry hanging and other ways of masonry.
The formed wall can be used widely, such as for house construction, tunnel, underground, wave wall, mine, underground structure and other constructions, or for retaining wall, embankment, road embankment, potamic-and-sea coast, barging bank, earth-rock dam, protective slope, sand dam, underground collecting reservoir and sewage disposal building, coffer for field and so on. It can be used for constructing the radiation-proof walls, for constructing the leak-proof roof, for constructing the structural layer of the bridge, for constructing the ground, and for constructing other constructions or structures.
The formed wall has the advantages in earthquake resistance, antidumping, entirety and stability.
DESCRIPTION OF FIGURES
The following are the further descriptions of the invention with reference to the figures. However, the figures, the ways described and the technical parameters cannot be understood as limitations to the present invention.
The shape of the block shown in
The shape of the block shown in
The sizes and the shapes of the shoulders on both sides can be different to each other. The shoulder is suitable to bear loads or weights.
The shapes of the tops of the mid ridges and the tops of the bottom surfaces of the blocks shown in
The shapes of the tops of the mid ridges and the tops of the bottom surfaces of the blocks shown in
The sharp angle of the mid ridge is prone to be broken. If the top of the ridge is in the shape of the platform, arc-shape, or the like, the mid ridge is not prone to be broken and suitable to bear the loads.
The sharp-angled bottom foot of the block is prone to be broken. If the bottom foot of the block shown in
The “bottom foot” means the bottommost parts on both sides, which is bounded by the mid ridge, of the block. The bottom foot on one side of the block is the bottommost part of that side. When the bottommost part is a surface, the bottom foot is positioned at the intersection between the bottommost surface and the top surface or the lateral connecting surface or the lateral side surface.
The block shown in
In the block shown in
In the block shown in
In the block shown in
At least one of the supporting slope or the bottom surface of the block is arranged in the stepped manner. For example, the supporting slope is arranged in the stepped manner; or the bottom surface is arranged in the stepped manner; or both the supporting slope and the bottom surface are arranged in the stepped manner. In particular, the upper slope of the top surface is arranged in the stepped manner. The stepped arrangement facilitates the supporting slope bearing the loads.
The blocks shown in
At least one of the supporting slope and the downward-downward-flared recess of the block is arranged in the corrugated shape. For example, the supporting slope is in the corrugated shape; or the downward-flared recess is in the corrugated shape; or both the supporting slope and the downward-flared recess are in the corrugated shape. In particular, the upper slope of the top surface is arranged in the corrugated shape. The shape of corrugation facilitates the slip or drainage by forming air gaps.
The blocks shown in
At least one of the top surface and the bottom surface of the block is in the shape of roughness. In particular, the top shoulder surface and the bottom shoulder surface are in the shape of roughness. The purpose of providing the roughness shape is to make the surface of the construction rough and to improve the resistance of longitudinal motion of the vertically adjacent blocks, thus increasing the capability against cracking. The modes of the roughness shape are various. The roughness shape facilitates the slip (slurry retaining).
The variation of the surface of the block is not limited to the shapes of corrugation and roughness, it can be other shapes. In order not to affect the drainage, in particular, shapes resulting in water accumulation can not be provided on the supporting slope of the block. In the case of dry masonry, the block, which has smooth slopes and downward-flared recess with the corrugated shape, is better, since the slope and downward-flared recess has fewer connecting joints and larger space therebetween, it will make the drainage easy.
At the end of the slope of the block shown in
The slope of the block shown in
The blocks shown in
The blocks shown in
The amount and the shape of the holes can be various. The holes can be provided on either or both sides of the block, can be one or more, can be through-holes or blind-holes. The functions of the holes are to reduce the weight, fill the heat-insulated materials or the concrete. The through-hole is also used for the passage of the pipeline. The vertical hole is also used for the insertion of the reinforcing steel bar, which forms the core wall of the concrete.
The blocks shown in
The block shown in
The block shown in
The block shown in
The block shown in
The amount and shape of the notches are not limited to the illustrated types. The notches can be used for arranging the pipeline; for mounting connecting member or grid mesh; or for making the block and the frame construction to be connected firmly.
The block shown in
The blocks shown in
The block shown in
The block shown in
The block shown in
The blocks shown in
The auxiliary blocks, which are engaged with the top surface, can be called as top surface auxiliary blocks. They are commonly used in the top of the wall of the construction. There are usually two kinds of such auxiliary blocks.
The auxiliary blocks, which are engaged with the bottom surface, can be called as bottom surface auxiliary blocks. They are commonly used in the bottom of the wall of the construction. There are usually two kinds of such auxiliary blocks.
The auxiliary blocks, shown in
The auxiliary blocks shown in
The auxiliary block shown in FIGS. 58 is in the shape of L, one end surface of one of the two blocks intersects with one side portion of the other block. One end surface of the former block is on the same plane as one side surface of the latter block. The auxiliary block shown in
The auxiliary blocks shown in
The wall shown in
The wall shown in
The wall shown in
FIGS. 62 63, 64 and 65 show the walls formed by a plurality of blocks overlapped staggeringly. There are masonry joints or slots between the adjacent blocks. The top surfaces are engaged with the bottom surfaces to form the horizontal masonry joints. The end surfaces are engaged with each other to form the vertical masonry joints. The vertical masonry joints, which are vertically adjacent to each other, are overlapped staggeringly. The left and right supporting slopes on the top surface of the underlying block are engaged with the bottom surface of the upper block, the left and right supporting slopes are used as a blocking or stopping structure and interlock the vertically adjacent blocks, and hence avoid relative horizontal movement.
The leak-proof mechanism of the masonry joints can be seen from
Similar to the above, when Sy<2.9 cm (that is, h>7.1 cm), leak proof can be obtained in the 11th grade wind. At this time, H>17.1 cm, Sy/H<2.9/17.1=1/5.9. That is to say, the vertical distance Sy is becoming smaller, the size h of the mid ridge which cut off the space-time trajectory is becoming lager, then the effect of leak-proof is also increased. When the vertical distance Sy<0, h>10 cm, at this time, H>20 cm and the Sy/H comes to be an infinitesimal, then the effect of leak proof in this case is the best. That is to say, the block is shaped and sized such that when the three analogous blocks are overlapped vertically, the ridge of the bottommost block is higher than the bottom foot of the uppermost block. For the wall thus formed, the water flowing from either side through the vertical masonry joints or the horizontal masonry joints can be blocked by the supporting slope, incapable of flowing to the other side.
For all of the blocks mentioned, based on the mathematical model and the calculation way of the leak proof and the non watertight and soil keeping, according to the principle of this invention, the space-time trajectory can be determined, and thus the size of the blocks can be determined.
With reference to
Seen from
Seen from the wall shown in
For the wall of
The pillar of the wall shown in
The shape of the outward-extending pieces corresponds to the blocks, the length thereof is usually less than the total length of the block. The pillar includes concrete pillar, concrete wall, steel pillar or other supporting pieces. For the concrete pillar of the frame construction, the outward-extending pieces are usually formed when pouring the concrete. If the pillar is a steel structure, then the outward-extending piece can be welded thereon. When mounting the outward-extending piece, sealing measures shall be provided between the pillar and the outward-extending piece, such as inserting a rubber, an ointment, glass cement or the like between the pillar and the outward-extending piece. The welding of leak proof can be considered as air-tight sealing.
In the wall shown in
In the wall shown in
The arrangement of the projecting piece may refer to that of the outward-extending piece. The arrangements of the projecting piece and the groove can avoid the leakage at the joint between the block and the top surface or bottom surface of the girder, and make the joint or the interlock tight and reliable.
In the wall shown in
walls shown in
block shown in
The blocks shown in
The wall shown in
The walls shown in
The block of the wall shown in
Isolation layer shown in
The isolation sub-layer in the same layer is arranged in a manner of end to end. The isolation sub-layers in vertically layers are in lap joint, the upper layer overlaps the lower layer. The lower isolation sub-layer is interposed between the upper isolation sub-layer and the wall. The joint 36 between the upper isolation sub-layers is staggered with that between the lower isolation sub-layers. The effect will be better when isolation sub-layers in the joint are in a lap joint. The isolation sub-layer can be rag felt, plastic film, plastic plate, cloth, galvanized iron sheet and so on, and it doesn't need a sweating soldering. Thus, there are no technical problems such as omission and infirmity of fusion welding. Also, it is unnecessary that the isolation layer is watertight, the requirements on the sub-layer are low, the construction is simple and convenient. The methods for connecting the sub-layer and the wall are: isolation sub-layer is riveted onto the wall, or tie the sub-layer with iron wires onto the wall, or put the isolation sub-layer into the horizontal masonry joint when it is in masonry. The isolation layer can be provided in several layers.
Referring to the above principle, it can be seen from
The wall shown in
The walls that are shown in
The nine walls shown in
By referring to
For the retaining wall for non watertight as mentioned above, since each of the masonry joints becomes a passage of spilling water, the muddy water that reach everywhere of the wall is in the way of overflowing at adjacent places, with rapid drainage and reliable soil-keeping effects. Since the pressure of water in the soil body can be nearly neglected because of the rapid drainage, it substantially improves the capability of antidumping of the wall. Because of the reliable soil-keeping effect, the soil body behind the wall is in stabilization and is hard to flow out, and thus improving the capability of stabilization. Moreover, the staggered and interlocked blocks improve the entirety of the wall. Furthermore, from
The retaining wall can be in dry masonry or clay undersaturation masonry, the wall is flexible and adapted to the deformation such as sedimentation, dilation and so on. It is unnecessary to provide construction joint and movement joint, thus it is favorable for simplifying the construction, shortening the time limit for a project and reducing the fabrication cost.
The retaining wall shown in
The retaining wall shown in
The wall shown in
Thus, the structure of
The wall shown in
If the retaining wall body is formed by using widened vertical masonry joints as shown in
The retaining wall body mentioned above can also be used for sewage treatment buildings, the principle thereof is the same as the non-watertight and soil-keeping principle. For example, if a sewage reservoir is built up with the blocks, the foul water will discharge from the masonry joints of the wall, the solid sewage in foul water is accumulated. If a sewage ditch is built up, the solid sewage will be blocked off before it flows into the inlet of sewer, the solid sewage in the sewage system will be reduced substantially, the inlet of sewer will not be jammed easily.
To improve the soil-keeping effect, the soil-retaining effect, and dirt-keeping effect of the wall, a filtering layer can be disposed at a side of the wall, the material of the filtering layer can be sand, geonet (earthwork net), screen and so on. The isolation layer shown in
To improve the effect of keeping soil and keeping dirt, a filtering layer can be disposed in the masonry joints. Also, the filtering layer can be disposed between the adjacent isolation sub-layers, which can be lapped with each other.
To be leak-proof, non-watertight (pervious) or to improve the capability of anti-shock and stabilization of the wall, the ways shown in
The wall shown in
Wall shown in
For the elongated blocks of
A block engaged with that of
The walls shown in
In the miter wall shown in
The miter wall shown in
The structural principle of the plate-type miter wall can be applied to the slope roofs. The pillars with the outward-extending blocks can be considered as roof beams. The elongated blocks can be considered as the roof boards. The staggered roof boards form a leak-proof slope roof. The vertical masonry joint is formed by lapping the ends of the two roof boards. The vertical adjacent joints are disposed in a stagger manner. The end of the roof board is supported on a supporting member, which is usually a wall body or a roof beam. The leak-proof principle is the same as that of
A bridge deck structure is shown in
A ground structure is shown in
For the blocks in the ground, the surface of one block is flat, and the surface of the other block is corrugated, or rough, or holed. Then the adjacent blocks cannot engage with each other completely. When rainwater penetrates into the masonry joints, the masonry joints below the mid ridge of the block can act as buffers. When a pedestrian steps thereon, the dirty water under the block of ground can not emerge from the buffers and splash onto the pedestrian.
If the traffic sign lines are provided by the ornamental blocks, it will be more durable than the paint sign lines. And the ornamental surfaces forming the bridge deck and the ground are ornamental.
The joints between the surfaces of the blocks for forming the bridge deck or ground, such as the joint between the lateral side surface and the top shoulder surface/bottom shoulder surface, angle steel can be used for wrapping the joints.
The molds for producing the block of this invention are shown in
An imprinting device 39 is provided outside the outlet of the cored-bar-type mold shown in
An imprint wheel of the imprint device 39 is shown in
Another box-type mold is shown in
Another box-type mold is shown in
Although the invention has been described with reference to the embodiments and the drawings, it should be understood that various equivalent changes can be made by the skilled person in the art on the basis of the above disclosure. For example, the heights of the ridges is not equivalent in the longitudinal direction; the shape of this invention can be made with thin plate; a cross-shaped block can be made by combining with an bottom-surface auxiliary block; or the bricks, rocks, pre-cast products, metal pieces and the like having the features of the present inventions. Thus, the range of the protection of this invention should be defined by the claims attached.
Claims
1-19. (canceled)
20. A block for forming a wall, wherein a plurality of analogous blocks being overlapped staggeringly and continuously in the wall, characterized in that,
- said block being a longitudinally profiled member, and including a top surface, a bottom surface and two end surfaces;
- the cross section of the block being substantially of a shape of downward-flared recess;
- the top surface of said block having a mid ridge higher than two sides of the surface so that a left supporting slope and a right supporting slope being formed;
- said upper surface and bottom surface being formed such that: when the block being overlapped with a analogous block thereunder to form the wall, the top surface of the underlying block being engaged with the bottom surface of the upper block, the left and right supporting slopes being used as a blocking structure and interlocking the vertically adjacent blocks;
- the blocks being shaped and sized such that: when three analogous blocks being overlapped vertically, the vertical distance between the top of the ridge of the bottommost block and the bottom foot of the uppermost block being less than one third of the height of one block.
21. The block for forming a wall according to claim 20, wherein
- the blocks being shaped and sized such that: when the three analogous blocks being overlapped vertically, the top of the ridge of the bottommost block being higher than the bottom foot of the uppermost block.
22. The block for forming a wall according to claim 20, wherein
- said supporting slope including an upper slope portion and a lower shoulder, said shoulder having a top shoulder surface, a bottom shoulder surface, and lateral side surfaces, the top shoulder surface, the upper slope and the mid ridge constituting said top surface, when the block being engaged with an upper analogous block to form the wall, a projecting portion formed by the upper slope portion being engaged with the downward-flared shaped recess of the upper analogous block.
23. The block for forming a wall according to claim 22, wherein
- on either side of the block, bounded by the mid ridge, the bottom shoulder surface of the shoulder and the bottom foot of the block being on the same plane, the top surface and the bottom surface being parallel to each other, the two end surfaces being parallel to each other, the two lateral side surfaces being parallel to each other, the end surfaces and the lateral side surfaces being vertical to the horizontal plane.
24. The block for forming a wall according to claim 20, wherein
- the top of the mid ridge being sharp-angle shaped, platform shaped or arc-shaped.
25. The block for forming a wall according to claim 20, wherein
- at least one of the supporting slope and the bottom surface being arranged in a stepped manner.
26. The block for forming a wall according to claim 20, wherein
- at least one of the supporting slope and the downward-flared recess being arranged in a corrugated manner.
27. The block for forming a wall according to claim 20, wherein
- at least one of the top surface and the bottom surface being arranged in a roughness manner.
28. The block for forming a wall according to claim 21, wherein
- said top surface having a radiation-proof plate thereon, which extends out of the end surface, the radiation-proof plates of the adjacent blocks being connected in a manner of end to end, when the wall being formed by the blocks.
29. The block for forming a wall according to claim 20, wherein
- the bottom foot on one side of the block being higher than that on the other side.
30. A block assembly for forming a wall, comprising blocks and auxiliary blocks,
- wherein said block being a longitudinally profiled member, and including a top surface, a bottom surface and two end surfaces; the cross section of the block being substantially of a shape of downward-flared recess; the top surface of said block having a mid ridge higher than two sides of the surface so that a left supporting slope and a right supporting slope being formed; said upper surface and bottom surface being formed such that: when the block being overlapped with a analogous block thereunder to form the wall, the top surface of the underlying block being engaged with the bottom surface of the upper block, the left and right supporting slopes being used as a blocking structure and interlocking the vertically adjacent blocks;
- the blocks being shaped and sized such that: when three analogous blocks being overlapped vertically, the vertical distance between the top of the ridge of the bottommost block and the bottom foot of the uppermost block being less than one third of the height of one block,
- said blocks being engaged with the auxiliary blocks in the construction of the wall.
31. The block assembly for forming a wall according to claim 30, wherein
- the auxiliary block comprising three of said blocks, two of them longitudinally opposing to each other and joining, respectively, to the side of the other block;
- said auxiliary block being provided at the intersection between the walls, being longitudinally engaged with the blocks, and being staggeringly overlapped.
32. The block assembly for forming a wall according to claim 30, wherein
- the auxiliary block comprising two of said blocks, the longitudinal portion of one block joining to one side of the other block so that the auxiliary blocks being in a shape of L or T;
- said auxiliary block being provided at the intersection between the walls, being longitudinally engaged with the blocks, and being staggeringly overlapped.
33. A wall formed by blocks, wherein a plurality of analogous blocks being overlapped staggeringly and continuously in the wall, characterized in that,
- said block being a longitudinally profiled member, and including a top surface, a bottom surface and two end surfaces; the cross section of the block being substantially of a shape of downward-flared recess; the top surface of said block having a mid ridge higher than two sides of the surface so that a left supporting slope and a right supporting slope being formed; said upper surface and bottom surface being formed such that: when the block being overlapped with a analogous block thereunder to form the wall, the top surface of the underlying block being engaged with the bottom surface of the upper block, the left and right supporting slopes being used as a blocking structure and interlocking the vertically adjacent blocks;
- the blocks being shaped and sized such that: when three analogous blocks being overlapped vertically, the vertical distance between the top of the ridge of the bottommost block and the bottom foot of the uppermost block being less than one third of the height of one block,
- in said wall, masonry joints being formed between the adjacent blocks, horizontal masonry joints being formed by the engagement between the top surfaces and the bottom surfaces, vertical masonry joints being formed by the engagement between the end surfaces, the vertically adjacent vertical masonry joints being arranged staggeringly.
34. The wall according to claim 33, wherein
- a pillar being provided in the wall, at least one outward-extending piece being provided on said pillar;
- the outward-extending piece being a longitudinally profiled member, and including a top surface, a bottom surface and two end surfaces, the cross section of the outward-extending piece being substantially of a shape of downward-flared recess, the top surface of the outward-extending piece having a mid ridge higher than two sides of the surface so that left supporting slope and right supporting slope being formed;
- one of the end surfaces of the outward-extending piece being engaged with the pillar;
- the other end surface of the outward-extending piece being engaged with the blocks, the top surface of the outward-extending piece being engaged with the bottom surface of the upper block, the bottom surface of the outward-extending piece being engaged with the top surface of the underlying block, a plurality of outward-extending pieces being arranged separately and orderly on the pillar, said outward-extending pieces being engaged with the staggeringly overlapped blocks adjacent to the pillar, the left and right supporting slopes of the outward-extending pieces being used as a blocking structure and making the vertically adjacent blocks to be interlocked.
35. The wall according to claim 33, wherein
- a girder being provided in the wall,
- a projecting piece being provided on the top surface of the girder, the lower surface of the projecting piece being engaged with the top surface of the girder, the projecting piece extending to the pillar at the nodal point of two adjacent beam/pillar, and engaging with the pillar, the projecting piece being engaged with the downward-flared recess of the block, when the block engaging with the top surface of the girder,
- a groove being provided on the bottom surface of the girder, the groove extending to the pillar at the nodal point of two adjacent beam/pillar, the groove being engaged with the top surface of the block, when the block engaging with the bottom surface of the girder.
36. The wall according to claim 33, wherein
- an isolation layer being provided on one side of the wall, the isolation layer being composed of several isolation sub-layers, the isolation sub-layers in the same layer being arranged in a manner of end to end, the isolation sub-layer in vertically layers being in lap joint, the lower isolation sub-layer being interposed between the upper sub-layer and the wall, the joint between the upper isolation sub-layers being staggered with that between the lower isolation sub-layer,
- an air gap being formed between the isolation layer and the wall.
37. The wall according to claim 33, wherein
- said block being in a shape of a elongated plate, a miter wall being formed by staggeringly overlapping the elongated blocks, a vertical masonry joint being formed by the connection of the end surfaces of two blocks, the vertically adjacent vertical masonry joints being disposed in a stagger manner,
- the end of the elongated block being supported on a supporting member.
Type: Application
Filed: Aug 23, 2004
Publication Date: Aug 30, 2007
Inventor: Rongxun Wang (Hangzhou)
Application Number: 10/571,878
International Classification: E04B 5/00 (20060101);