Sock-Like Footwear With A Padded Sole And Method For Making The Same
In the present invention relates to sock-like items of footwear commonly used in conjunction with outer articles of footwear such as shoes, boots and the like as an inner liner, in particular the liner is constructed with a durable padded sole, methods of constructing such liners are disclosed.
The present invention relates to substantially soft sock-like footwear commonly used as an inner liner in conjunction with outer articles of footwear such as boots, shoes and the like.
Articles of footwear such as boots and shoes are typically constructed from a plurality of components the components are assembled using various techniques such as stitching, bonding and riveting amongst others. Footwear is typically composed of an upper part, which provides access via an opening for a foot and a lower part the sole that provides a durable and resilient material to contact the ground, as a whole when assembled together they create an internal volume to accommodate a foot. Such articles of footwear typically have a major outer surface and a major inner surface. The opening or orifice that allows entry of a foot into the footwear's inner volume or cavity often incorporate fastening devices to constrict the said opening this substantially assists to secure a foot within the article of footwear, devices such as laces, elastic, hook and loop fastenings, toggle clamps and the like are typically employed. Upon the surface of the interior volume of the footwear there is commonly affixed a permanent lining material this is typically attached or laminated to the components or materials that are a part of the outer surface of the footwear prior to the assembly of the footwear. The composition of such inner linings can be specified to enhance performance and impart properties such as strength, stiffness, ventilation, insulation, bacterial control, permeability and comfort to the footwear and other properties. Articles of footwear with prior affixed linings that are assembled from two or more components which include such pre-laminated materials and comprise of interfaces or joints where the various components are joined the joints need additional attention during the assembly of the footwear so that if required the joint is water proof or resistant. Such additional processes are time consuming and difficult to rectify after an item of footwear is fully assembled. Typically articles of footwear with pre-affixed linings are often specified and constructed for particular environments and uses and as by way of a simple example; the specification of a material for a walking boot for use in a hot environment would be a thinner and lighter material than that used for a similar boot specified for use in cold environments. Therefore a boot intended for a desert climate would therefore not perform well in an artic climate and visa versa for a boot intended for a cold climate.
By way of an alternative method of construction some articles of footwear are fabricated with a sock-like internal liner commonly referred to as a ‘bootie’ or ‘inner boot’. Such bootie's can be removably affixed or positioned or alternatively permanently affixed to the internal surface of the outer article of footwear. Advantages of footwear utilizing such a dual construction where the inner liner is fabricated separately from the upper and sole (the footwear's outer components) are numerous and varied and include the ability to adapt the properties and performance of the footwear article as a whole such as when one bootie is removed and replaced from inside an outer boot or shoe with a different second bootie where the second bootie has been manufactured to an alternative specification than the first. Further advantages include, footwear articles with such a dual construction can be dried if wet or damp more effectively and cleaned more efficiently when the booties are manufactured to be detachable from within the outer boot or shoe. Additionally it is complicated to construct the many parts that make up the uppers and sole (outer components) of shoes, boots and the like and consistently manufacture them to be water proof or water resistant if they are required to be and to keep the wearers feet dry in wet conditions. Shoes, boots and the like that are claimed to be water proof or water resistant and are not and leak allowing water into the footwear during use are the source of many returned footwear articles to the manufacturers. It is a far simpler and a better economic solution to manufacture the inner bootie to be water proof or water resistant than the whole of the footwear's outer, it is also simpler to test this inner component for its integrity prior to it's final assembly inside the footwear that will incorporate such a bootie. A further advantage to such a construction is that the shaped polymer padding on the sole of the bootie can reduce the specification of the outer item's of footwear insole or footbeds and in some footwear even replace the them.
It is known from prior art that various embodiments of bootie's exist the following documents generally disclose novel features, constructions or specific applications for articles of footwear that utilise an inner liner such as a bootie.
Prior art of particular relevance includes; U.S. Pat. No. 4,599,810 to Guillaume, WO02080720 to Sheets & Finney, U.S. Pat. No. 5,526,584 to Bleimofer & Danielax, WO9619127 to Herbert, EP0976337 to Labarre. These documents are applicable to booties but generally do not disclose novel methods of fabricating the said booties.
Prior art, WO9851177, WO0232246 both to Polegato and U.S. Pat. No. 5,588,226 to Schenkel, these documents describe various constructions of soles and mid soles that are perforated and configured to allow the passage of gases but not liquids (particularly water) through the perforated holes, and refer to outer components of footwear not inner bootie liners. Prior art; ES2024806 to Jellici, U.S. Pat. No. 4,454,619 to Bichet, U.S. 4,761,845 to Funck, EP0730833 to Delique, FR2614768 to Lassade. These documents generally disclose devices for holding, pressing and bonding articles of footwear during their fabrication primarily employing an elastic membrane to exert pressure upon the components during their construction.
According to the present invention there is described a sock-like inner liner with shaped padding attached substantially to the sole portion of the inner liner, methods of constructing such a sock-like inner liner as to be used in conjunction with outer articles of footwear, such as boots, shoes and the like where the liner can be removably affixed inside the outer article of footwear or alternatively permanently affixed to the inside of outer article of footwear. More specifically the invention discloses a method to over mould integral comfort padding with a durable outer surface to the bootie. Where the padding is substantially attached to the bottom or the sole of the liner. Where the padding is substantially attached to the bottom or sole of the liner and continues around the sides of the bootie. Where the padding is substantially attached to the bottom or sole of the liner and continues around the sides of the bootie more so at the toe and the heal portions of the bootie. Where such padding is three-dimensionally formed and bonded to the liner in an operation using an elastic membrane to exert controlled pressure and transfer controlled heat to the padding and liner simultaneously. During the process the padding is selectively consolidated in specific locations and formed to a predetermined shape so that its outer surface can intimately fit inside other articles of footwear (if so required). Where the padding is shaped and consolidated more around the sides of the liner than on the bottom of the liner so that around the sides of the booties the padding is less thick that on the bottom. In an alternative embodiment where such padding is three-dimensionally formed and bonded to the liner in an operation whereby a heated polymer material is injected under pressure into a cavity that incorporates a fabric liner while the sock-like liner is supported internally by a former, in particular the area of the bootie to where the padding is to be attached is enveloped by a tool that creates the said cavity the tool creates a seal around the periphery to retain the injected polymer within the cavity of the tool. Whereby the cavity imparts a predefined shape to the padding when the polymer material has cooled and or stabilized, the tool creating the cavity is removed and the outer shape of the polymer padding reflects the internal shape of the cavity and is bonded to the sole or underside of the bootie. The formed over-moulded padding improves the wearer's comfort and the durability of the bootie.
The combined moulding and affixing of a pre-shaped or pre-formed polymer component to the sole of a fabric envelope utilizing heat and pressure exerted by a membrane is a low capital cost manufacturing solution for both the plant and tooling. This manufacturing solution maintains high volume production outputs but is also flexible and allows easy customisation of the footwear items for both simple and sophisticated product configurations. It also facilitates the technical advantage of being able to selectively compress the perform polymer material this is important as the periphery of the padded sole can be consolidated so that there is a smooth transition of the thickness of the padded polymer sole when it is attached to the fabric envelope, from it's thickest on the bottom of the footwear to it's thinnest at it's periphery this improves the footwears ergonomics and comfort as it is able to better intimately fit inside outer items of footwear without causing local areas of high pressure to a wearer's foot.
A further advantage of this manufacturing method is that when the polymer padding or pre-form component is consolidated the material is also densified and it's durability and abrasion resistance is simultaneously enhanced this is an important feature particularly for the areas that correspond or are adjacent to the back of the heal and a big toe's nail area of a wearer's foot.
Where an injection moulded manufacturing solution is employed a high level of automation is possible although plant and tooling costs are high and customisation is less flexible, very high production rates are possible and there is less preparation of components required, however this process has the disadvantage that it cannot consistently produce a thin cross sectional moulded product which is essential to optimise the comfort and ergonomics of this type of footwear product and prevent blisters occurring. Additionally the integrity of the interface between the fabric envelope and the polymer to the ingress of water through capillary action can be inconsistent particularly when bonding to a PTFE based membrane film.
A brief description of the drawings
Herein is described in detail the ‘bootie’ or ‘inner boot’ article of footwear and a method of manufacturing the same with reference to the accompanying drawings.
The article of footwear is configured to cover the leg from anywhere between the thigh to the ankle and or foot of the wearer/user and is composed of an upper portion (
In a preferred embodiment of the invention the booties shaped padding that is positioned predominantly on the sole of the bootie (
In a preferred embodiment of the invention a method to securely affix the pre-form, additional intermediate materials and components is described in detail.
The pre-assembled bootie envelope is securely placed onto a close fitting foot shaped mandrel or last (
In a preferred embodiment of the invention the pre-form component/s is positioned onto and over the sole of the bootie envelope with the pre-coated adhesive in near proximity to the envelopes surface, the sides of the pre-form extend around the sides of the bootie envelope and over the heel and toe areas of the envelope. More preferably the pre-form is configured to fully encompass the booties bottom seam (
The seam is pre-treated prior to the exposure of heat and pressure by applying it with a chemical substance that aids its adhesion to the pre-form component and also assists the seam to be water proofed or water resistant. Preferably the lower textile sole portion of the envelope is manufactured from a textile or other material that is air permeable and compliments an intermediate material/structure or assembly that aids, creates or improves air circulation inside the bootie envelope when in use, where by the action of walking, running and the like air is pumped or moved between the inside surface of the outer shoe or boot and the wearers foot, such as a substantially open cell foam can achieve when compressed an then allowed to recover and expand to its former shape. In such an arrangement more preferably air is also exhausted out of the shoe or boot and replenished with fresh air from outside the boot. In a further refinement of the embodiment the volume of air that is replenished during each step is adjustable. The intermediate component is a cellular structured material while the outer pre-form component is also cellular structured material that is a substantially a higher density micro-cellular foam (between 80 kg/m3 and 300 kg/m3) and or a solid elastomeric material.
In an alternative embodiment the pre-form component is bonded to the bootie envelope on and around the sole of the bootie over the lower seam creating a waterproof seal on or around the lower seam attached externally to the outer surface of the pre-form is a shaped pad. The pad or padding in such an embodiment creates a cushion for the wearer's foot and the pre-form component seals the bottom seam and provides a compatible and stable surface for the padding to be attached.
In such an assembly the pre-form can be a pre shaped polymer component or a coated liquid or paste applied to the bootie by dipping, brush, spraying, extrusion or any other suitable means where the liquid or paste subsequently solidifies to a resilient flexible material and creates a waterproof seal to the bottom and the seam of the bootie, the shaped padding is applied by direct injection to the attached pre-form within a mould cavity, alternatively the padding is directly applied by compression moulding to the attached pre-form or where the padding is pre-shaped by injection moulding, compression moulding, cutting, thermoforming or any other suitable means and post applied to the pre-form, a combination of one or more of the fabrication techniques can be utilised simultaneously. The padding can be pre shaped and during its application to the pre-form component it is further shaped while adhering to the sole of the bootie such as is common with some types of moulded rubber soles for outer shoe or boot construction. In another alternative embodiment the pre-form is used as a medium to condition the interface between the bottom of the bootie and the padding so that it securely adheres to and waterproofs the bottom of the bootie simultaneously. The pre-form material and/or the padding material during the bonding process changes their physical properties for example the pre-form initially softens becoming less viscous and then solidifies, the padding materials molecules cross-link during the bonding process. In a further arrangement the pre-form is itself produced from a shaped hot melt adhesive or other substance with similar properties. The padding material can also be used as a spacer or support material creating distance between the sole of the outer boot or shoe and the wearer's foot. The padding, intermediate components or spacer materials utilised in any of the disclosed embodiments is a thermoplastic polymer, or a thermoset polymer or a vulcanising rubber or any other suitable materials such as cork, felts, fabrics, card and the like. In a further alternative embodiment the pre-form is bonded directly to the bootie envelope on and around the sole of the bootie encompassing the lower seam creating a waterproof seal this is achieved by directly injecting via an injection moulding device a polymer material, such as EVA, TPU, TPE, TPV, PU, and any other suitable elastomeric polymers and polymer compounds, and/or a reaction injection moulding (RIM) device, (commonly used to process two component PU polymers) with such devices moulds would be employed to define the shape of the padding. In any of the disclosed embodiments the bootie and/or the pre-form can be pre-treated with an adhesion/sealing promoting agent.
In a further improvement to the embodiments herein described, as a means of providing enhanced ventilation around a wearer's foot, more specifically as a means of providing improved ventilation between the inside surface of the outer shoe or boot and enhancing the ventilation around a wearers foot. In particular the improvement provides superior air circulation to the sole of the wearer's foot and therefore imparts greater comfort by more efficiently regulating the temperature and humidity while a user is wearing items of footwear that incorporates a herein described inner bootie. To facilitate increased ventilation the flow of air other gases and or vapours is permitted through the bottom or sole of the bootie through both the fabric envelope materials and the attached padding. Gases and vapours are allowed to travel to and or from the internal volume of the bootie to the interface between the outside surface of the bootie and the inside surface of the interior volume of the outer item of footwear. Groves, recesses, textures, raised and or lowered relief's or contours on any of the said surfaces will create passages aiding and increasing the volume of gases and or vapours that can flow (
The holes and perforations are positioned on the components that are part of the padded sole so that when the holes are aligned the separate components are simultaneously aligned in their correct spatial relationship to each other.
Generally, a device that utilises a pressure difference on opposing sides of a substantially planar elastic membrane with two major surfaces in combination with pressurised or evacuated chamber/s (FIGS. 5,g,h) is commonly referred to as a membrane press, typically in operation such presses exert or apply substantially equal and even pressure across the area of the membranes (
In a preferred embodiment of the invention the membrane press produces a defined outer surface (
In a preferred embodiment of the invention the assembly comprising of the last or mandrel, bootie envelope, adhesives, spacer materials, pre-form and a pressure mask is placed inside a vessel or chamber (FIGS. 5,h,g) and a heat resistant elastic membrane (
Claims
1. A Footwear inner liner comprising:
- an upper portion with an opening through which a foot can be inserted and accommodates a wearer's ankle or leg and a lower portion the sole, the upper and lower portions form a sock-like envelope with a closed end to accommodate a wearer's toes,
- comprised of a layered fabric composite material that is permeable to gases and impermeable to water the envelope is constructed from a plurality of joined parts where tape is bonded over joints waterproofing the joint,
- bonded to the said lower portion of the envelopes outer surface is a resilient elastomeric material providing waterproofing over that which it encompasses, the elastomeric material is formed to a pre-determined shape;
- characterised in that:
- the said elastomeric material is padding,
- the said padding extends around the sides of the inner liner including the toe and heal areas and is formed and bonded three dimensionally to the said envelope in an ergonomically considered shape,
- the periphery of the said padding material is reduced in thickness consolidated and densified,
- a tapered transition of the padding materials thickness from the sole to its periphery is provided,
- the said padding comprises a consolidated and densified durable skin on its outer surface,
- the said padding comprises selectively consolidated and densified locations forming defined shaping of the padding.
2. A footwear liner as claimed in claim 1, wherein the bottom joint or seam of the sock-like envelope is sealed and waterproofed by the encompassing padding material and negates the application of a waterproofing tape over the bottom seam.
3. A footwear liner as claimed in claim 1, wherein the said padding is perforated in defined locations and the holes create routes permitting gases but not water to pass between the inside of footwear liner to the inside of the outer footwear.
4. A footwear liner as claimed in claim 1, wherein between the padding and the sole of the bootie envelope intermediate materials and structures are optionally positioned and bonded.
5. A footwear liner as claimed in claim 4, wherein the intermediate component is configured with holes that are aligned in a corresponding spatial relationship to the holes in the padding and are configured to permit the flow of gases.
6. A footwear liner as claimed in claim 3, wherein the periphery of the holes or perforations are securely bonded and sealed to the envelope.
7. A footwear liner as claimed in claim 1, wherein the fabric bottom or sole component of the fabric sock-like envelope comprises a fabric material is permeable to gases and water.
8. A footwear liner as claimed in claim 2, wherein the bottom fabric sole component of the sock-like fabric envelope is joined to the other upper fabric components of the liner with a lap joint or seam where the seam initially protrudes outwardly from the external surface of the fabric envelope.
9. A footwear liner as claimed in claim 3, wherein the intermediate materials and structures can comprise felts, open or closed cell materials waffle structures, gels, bladders, bellows and the like.
10. A footwear liner as claimed in claim 1, wherein the padding is a durable polymer such as EVA, EVA copolymers, TPU's, TPE's, TPR's, TPV's, EPDM's, vulcanising rubbers, thermoset elastomer polymers or other materials with similar resilient and flexible properties.
11. A method for making a footwear inner liner which comprises: an upper portion with an opening through which a foot can be inserted and accommodates a wearer's ankle or leg and a lower portion the sole, the upper and lower portions form a sock-like envelope with a closed end to accommodate a wearer's toes, comprised of a layered fabric composite material that is permeable to gases and impermeable to water the envelope is constructed from a plurality of joined parts where tape is bonded over joints waterproofing the joint, bonded to the said lower portion of the envelopes outer surface is a resilient elastomeric material providing waterproofing over that which it encompasses this is formed to a pre-determined shape, the said elastomeric material is padding, the said padding extends around the sides of the inner liner including the toe and heal areas and is formed and bonded three dimensionally to the said envelope in an ergonomically considered shape, the periphery of the said padding material is reduced in thickness and consolidated and densified, a tapered transition of the padding materials thickness from the sole to its periphery is provided, the said comprises a consolidated and densified durable skin on its outer surface, the said padding comprises selectively consolidated and densified locations forming shaping of the padding.
12. A method for making a footwear inner liner as claimed in claim 11, wherein the padding is bonded using a heat activating adhesive.
13. A method for making a footwear inner liner as claimed in claim 11, wherein the padding is three-dimensionally formed and bonded simultaneously to the sock-like envelope using a heat resistant elastic membrane to exert controlled pressure and transfer controlled heat to the padding and envelope.
14. A method for making a footwear inner liner as claimed in claim 11, wherein the inner liner components are collated and assembled and supported upon and over a last that can be heated and cooled in a controlled manner.
15. A method for making a footwear inner liner as claimed in claim 11, comprising a process of effecting selected consolidation and densification of the padding by positioning a substantially planner, but three dimensional, support or pressure mask onto the outer surface of the padding to selectively reduce and selectively increase the pressure exerted upon the padding in predetermined areas in repeatable manner.
16. A method for making a footwear inner liner as claimed in claim 15, whereby the elastic membrane is compresses the assembly the last and the membrane are heated between 80° C. and 250° C. and then cooled to a temperature where the then assembled footwear liner is stable.
17. A method for making a footwear inner liner as claimed in claim 11, whereby an assembly comprising of the pre-assembled envelope securely placed over the last, the optional intermediate materials and the padding positioned over and onto the envelope supported by the last a pressure mask is placed upon the outer surface of the padding and when the assembly is inside a vessel or chamber and a heat resistant elastic membrane such as silicone or similar is placed over the assembly and then sealed by the outer edge of the chamber, pressure is then exerted onto the assembly by the membrane and the assembly of the footwear liner components are supported by the last by being positioned on and over the last, the pressure is applied by creating an unequal pressure on one side of the membrane compared to the opposing side this is achieved by means of fluids or gases supplied into a chamber or evacuated from a chamber or both by external means both the last and the elastic membrane are heated and cooled during the process, such a device is commonly known as a heated membrane press.
18. A method for making a footwear inner liner as claimed in claim 11, whereby the padding is shaped in a primary forming process prior to it's placement upon the envelope.
19. A method for making a footwear inner liner as claimed in claim 19, whereby the pressure mask serves to selectively reduce or selectively increase the pressure exerted by the elastic membrane upon the assembly of components.
20. A method for making a footwear inner liner as claimed in claim 11, whereby the assembly of components to be bonded and formed are held securely in an intimate relationship and in an evacuated atmospheric environment or partial vacuum, minimising air entrapment between the bonded components, creating good adhesion and decreasing the possibility of water permeability of joints encompassed by the padding.
Type: Application
Filed: Apr 5, 2005
Publication Date: Sep 6, 2007
Inventor: Marc Gibson-Collinson (Cheshire)
Application Number: 10/599,696
International Classification: A43B 19/00 (20060101); A43B 23/07 (20060101);