Intervertebral Implant for Transforminal Posterior Lumbar Interbody Fusion Procedure
An intervertebral implant for fusing vertebrae is disclosed. The implant may have a body with curved, posterior and anterior faces separated by two narrow implant ends, superior and inferior faces having a plurality of undulating surfaces for contacting vertebral endplates, and at least one depression in the anterior or posterior face for engagement by an insertion tool. The implant may also have one or more vertical through-channels extending through the implant from the superior face to the inferior face, a chamfer on the superior and inferior surfaces at one of the narrow implant ends, and/or a beveled edge along a perimeter of the superior and inferior faces. The implant configuration facilitates transforaminal insertion of the implant into a symmetric position about the midline of the spine so that a single implant provides balanced support to the spinal column. The implant may be formed of a plurality of interconnecting bodies assembled to form a single unit. An implantation kit and method are also disclosed.
This application is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/301,759, filed Dec. 12, 2005, which is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 10/293,997, filed Nov. 13, 2002, now U.S. Pat. No. 6,974,480, which is a continuation-in-part of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 09/848,178, filed May 3, 2001, now U.S. Pat. No. 6,719,794.
FIELD OF THE INVENTIONThe present invention is directed to an intervertebral implant, its accompanying instrumentation and their method of use. More particularly, the present invention is directed to an intervertebral implant and instrumentation for use in a transforaminal posterior lumbar interbody fusion procedure.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTIONA number of medical conditions such as compression of spinal cord nerve roots, degenerative disc disease, herniated nucleus pulposus, spinal stenosis and spondylolisthesis can cause severe low back pain. Intervertebral fusion is a surgical method of alleviating low back pain. In posterior lumbar interbody fusion (“PLIF”), two adjacent vertebral bodies are fused together by removing the affected disc and inserting posteriorly one or more implants that would allow for bone to grow between the two vertebral bodies to bridge the gap left by the removed disc.
One variation of the traditional PLIF technique is the transforaminal posterior lumbar interbody fusion (T-PLIF) technique. Pursuant to this procedure, an implant is inserted into the affected disc space via a unilateral (or sometimes bilateral), posterior approach, offset from the midline of the spine, by removing portions of the facet joint of the vertebrae. The T-PLIF approach avoids damage to nerve structures such as the dura, cauda equina and the nerve root, but the resulting transforaminal window available to remove the affected disc, prepare the vertebral endplates, and insert the implant is limited laterally by soft tissue and medially by the cauda equina.
A number of different implants typically used for the traditional PLIF procedure have been used for the T-PLIF procedure with varying success. These include threaded titanium or polymer cages, allograft wedges, rings, etc. However, as these devices were not designed specifically for the T-PLIF procedure, they are not shaped to be easily insertable into the affected disc space through the narrow transforaminal window, and may require additional retraction of the cauda equina and nerve roots. Such retraction can cause temporary or permanent nerve damage. In addition, some of these implants, such as the threaded titanium or polymer cage, suffer from the disadvantage of requiring drilling and tapping of the vertebral endplates for insertion. Further, the incidence of subsidence in long term use is not known for such cages. Finally, restoration of lordosis, i.e., the natural curvature of the lumbar spine is very difficult when a cylindrical or square titanium or polymer cage is used.
As the discussion above illustrates, there is a need for an improved implant and instrumentation for fusing vertebrae via the transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion procedure.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTIONThe present invention relates to an intervertebral implant (“T-PLIF implant”) and its use during a transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion procedure. In a preferred embodiment, the T-PLIF implant has an arcuate body with curved, preferably substantially parallel, posterior and anterior faces separated by two narrow implant ends, and superior and inferior faces having textured surfaces for contacting upper and lower vertebral endplates. Preferably, the textured surfaces comprise undulating structures which may include projections, such as teeth, of a saw-tooth or pyramidal configuration, or ridges which preferably penetrate the vertebral endplates and prevent slippage. The narrow implant ends may be rounded or substantially flat. The arcuate implant configuration facilitates insertion of the implant via a transforaminal window. The implant, which may be formed of allogenic bone, metal, or plastic, may also have at least one depression, such as a channel or groove, in the posterior or anterior face for engagement by an insertion tool, such as an implant holder. In a preferred aspect, the superior and inferior faces are convex, and the thickness of the implant tapers with its greatest thickness in the middle region between the narrow ends of the implant, i.e., at a section parallel to a sagittal plane, and decreasing toward each of the narrow ends.
In another embodiment, the T-PLIF implant preferably has curved, substantially parallel posterior and anterior faces extending along a longitudinal axis of the implant, a pair of convex narrow ends separating the posterior and anterior faces, a chamfer on the superior and inferior faces at one of the convex narrow ends, a beveled edge along a perimeter of the superior and inferior faces, and at least one depression in the anterior or posterior face for engagement by an insertion tool, where the superior and inferior faces contact upper and lower vertebral endplates and define a thickness of the implant. The T-PLIF implant preferably has at least two vertical through-channels extending through the implant from the superior face to the inferior face, each vertical through-channel having a width and walls on posterior and anterior sides of the width. The arcuate implant configuration and the chamfer on the inferior and superior faces at the narrow insertion end of the implant facilitate insertion of the implant via the transforaminal window. In a preferred aspect, the implant also has at least two anterior-posterior horizontal through-channels extending through the implant from the posterior face to the anterior face. The implant may also feature at least one lateral horizontal through-channel extending from a narrow end of the implant inward toward an adjacent anterior-posterior horizontal through-channel. Each of the channels may be packed with bone-graft and/or bone growth inducing material to aid in spinal fusion. In one exemplary embodiment, the walls on the posterior and anterior sides of the width of the vertical through-channels have a thickness greater than the width of the vertical through channels. The implant may be formed of a radiolucent polymer material selected from the polyaryl ether ketone family (PAEK), such as polyether ether ketone (PEEK) or polyether ketone (PEKK), or other suitable biocompatible material of sufficient strength, such as titanium. The implant may include one or more radiopaque marker, such as pins or screws, extending substantially through the thickness of the implant to indicate implant location and size in postoperative spinal scans.
In another preferred embodiment, the implant is formed of a plurality of interconnecting bodies assembled to form a single unit. In this configuration, the plurality of interconnecting bodies forming the T-PLIF implant may be press-fit together and may include one or more pin(s) or screw(s) extending through an opening in the plurality of bodies to hold the bodies together as a single unit. Adjacent surfaces of the plurality of bodies may also have mating interlocking surfaces that aid in holding the bodies together as a single unit.
In still another preferred embodiment, the present invention relates to a kit for implanting an intervertebral implant into an affected disc space of a patient via a transforaminal window. The kit includes an implant having an arcuate body with curved, preferably substantially parallel, posterior and anterior faces separated by two narrower implant ends, superior and inferior faces preferably having a textured surface, such as projections or teeth, for contacting and preferably penetrating upper and lower vertebral endplates. The superior and inferior faces may define a thickness. Preferably the implant has at least one depression in its posterior or anterior face near one of its ends for engagement by an insertion tool. The implant may also have two or more vertical through-channels extending through the implant from the superior face to the inferior face, each vertical through-channel having a width and walls on posterior and anterior sides of the width, a chamfer on the superior and inferior surfaces at an insertion end and a beveled edge along a perimeter of the superior and inferior faces. The kit may further include one or more trial-fit spacer(s) for determining the appropriate size of the implant needed to fill the affected disc space, an insertion tool having an angled or curved neck for holding and properly positioning the implant during insertion through the transforaminal window, and an impactor having an angled or curved neck for properly positioning the implant within the affected disc space. The face of the impactor may be concavely shaped to mate with the narrow end of the T-PLIF implant during impaction. The kit may further include a lamina spreader for distracting vertebrae adjacent to the affected disc space, an osteotome for removing facets of the vertebrae adjacent to the affected disc space to create a transforaminal window, one or more curettes, angled and/or straight, for removing disc material from the affected disc space, a bone rasp for preparing endplates of the vertebrae adjacent the affected disc space, and a graft implant tool for implanting bone graft material into the affected disc space. The kit may still further include a curved guide tool to guide the implant into the affected disc space. In another preferred embodiment, the implant of the kit includes two or more anterior-posterior horizontal through-channels extending through the implant from the posterior face to the anterior face, wherein a portion of the walls on the posterior and anterior sides of the width of the vertical through-channels of the implant may have a thickness greater than the width of the vertical through channels. The implant of the kit may also include one or more lateral horizontal through-channel(s) extending from a narrow end of the implant inward toward an adjacent anterior-posterior horizontal through-channel. Each of the channels may be packed with bone-graft and/or bone growth inducing material prior to and/or after insertion to aid in spinal fusion. The implant may also include one or more radiopaque markers, such as pins, that extend substantially through the thickness of the implant.
In yet another aspect, a method for implanting an intervertebral implant into an affected disc space of a patient via a transforaminal window is described. The transforaminal window is created, the disc space is prepared and bone graft material may be inserted into the affected disc space. Using an insertion tool, an implant is inserted into the affected disc space via the transforaminal window and seated in a portion of the disc space closer to the anterior edge of the disc space than the posterior edge of the disc space. As discussed above, the implant preferably has an arcuate body with curved, substantially parallel posterior and anterior faces separated by two narrow implant ends, superior and inferior faces having a plurality of undulating surfaces for contacting upper and lower vertebral endplates, and preferably at least one depression at a first end for engagement by the insertion tool. In the present method, the arcuate implant configuration facilitates insertion of the implant via the transforaminal window. The implant may be inserted along an arcuate path. The method may further comprise impacting the implant with an impactor tool to properly position the implant within the affected disc space. Either or both the insertion tool and the impactor tool may be angled to facilitate insertion, alignment, placement and/or proper seating of the implant. The implant may also feature two or more vertical through-channel(s) extending through the implant from the superior face to the inferior face, each vertical through-channel having a width and walls on posterior and anterior sides of the width, a chamfer on the superior and inferior faces at the insertion end, and a beveled edge along a perimeter of the superior and inferior faces. The implant may also have two or more anterior-posterior horizontal through-channel(s) extending through the implant from the posterior face to the anterior face and/or at least one lateral horizontal through-channel extending from a narrow end of the implant inward toward an adjacent anterior-posterior horizontal through-channel. Each of the channels may be packed with bone-graft and/or bone growth inducing material before implantation and/or after implantation to aid in spinal fusion.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
While various descriptions of the present invention are provided below, it should be understood that these descriptions are intended to illustrate the principals of the present invention and its various features, which can be used singly or in any combination thereof. Therefore, this invention is not to be limited to only the specifically preferred embodiments described and depicted herein.
The transforaminal posterior lumbar interbody fusion implant (“T-PLIF implant”) is designed for use as an intervertebral spacer in spinal fusion surgery where an affected disk is removed from between two adjacent vertebrae and replaced with an implant that provides segmental stability and allows for bone to grow between the two vertebrae to bridge the gap created by disk removal. Specifically, the T-PLIF implant is designed for the transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion (T-PLIF) technique, which, as shown in
As shown in
As shown in
As shown in
As in the previous embodiment, the anterior and posterior faces 24, 26 are preferably substantially parallel, and, as shown, may be defined by radii of curvature R1 and R2, where R1, for example, may be in the range of 25-35 mm and preferably about 28 mm and R2, for example, may be in the range of 15 to 25 mm and preferably about 19 mm. The superior and inferior surfaces 28, 30 are arcuate shaped and the implant has a thickness 31, which is preferably greatest at a center portion between narrow ends 25 and gradually tapers becoming thinnest at narrow ends 25. Tapering thickness 31 may be defined by a radius of curvature R3, where R3 for example, may be in the range of 85 to 115 mm and preferably about 100 mm. As shown, the component pieces 46, 48 of implant 22 have holes 44 to accommodate pins or screws 42. Holes 44 are preferably drilled after component pieces 38 have been stacked one on top of the other. The multiple pieces 38 are then assembled with screws or pins 42 so that practitioners receive the implant 22 as a single, pre-fabricated unit. The upper component piece 46 has an arcuate superior surface preferably with teeth 32, while its bottom surface is preferably configured with grooves and pallets preferably to interlock with the upper surface of lower component piece 48. The arcuate inferior surface 30 of lower component piece 48 also preferably has teeth 32 for engaging the lower vertebral endplate of the affected disc space. Either or both superior and inferior surfaces 28, 30 may have ridges, texturing or some other form of engaging projection in place of teeth 32.
Reference is now made to
As shown, the implant has depressions or slots 34 on both its anterior and posterior face that mate with an insertion tool 66 (shown in
Preferably, implant 22 also includes a beveled edge 76 along the perimeter of its superior and inferior surfaces 28, 30 As shown in
As shown in
In still another embodiment shown in
Reference is now made to
As shown in
After the discectomy is complete, the superficial layers of the entire cartilaginous endplates are removed with a combination of straight and angled bone rasps. As shown in
Upon identifying and removing the best fitting trial spacer, a T-PLIF implant of appropriate size is selected. At this time, prior to placement of the T-PLIF implant, bone graft material, such as autogenous cancellous bone or a bone substitute, may be placed in the anterior and lateral aspect of the affected disc space. Channels in implant 22 may also be packed with bone graft material prior to insertion. As shown in
Once the T-PLIF implant is in the desired final position, such as the symmetric final position shown in
While certain preferred embodiments of the implant have been described and explained, it will be appreciated that numerous modifications and other embodiments may be devised by those skilled in the art. Therefore, it will be understood that the appended claims are intended to cover all such modifications and embodiments which come within the spirit and scope of the present invention.
Claims
1. An intervertebral implant sized and configured for implantation between a first and second vertebra via transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion technique, the implant comprising:
- a body substantially made of allograft, the body including a curved posterior face, a curved anterior face, both curved posterior and anterior faces extending along a longitudinal axis of the implant;
- a pair of narrow ends separating the posterior and anterior faces and superior and inferior surfaces for contacting at least a portion of the first and second vertebral, the superior and inferior surfaces include a plurality of teeth formed; and
- at least one non-threaded, horizontal channel configured and adapted for engagement by an implant insertion tool, the channel disposed along at least a portion of the curved posterior face or disposed along at least a portion of the curved anterior face.
2. The implant of claim 1, further comprising at least one vertical through-channel extending from said superior surface to said inferior surface.
3. The implant of claim 1, wherein at least one of the superior and inferior surfaces includes a chamfer formed thereon.
4. The implant of claim 3, wherein the chamfer is devoid of any teeth formed thereon.
5. The implant of claim 3, wherein the implant includes a pair of non-threaded, horizontal channels, one of said non-threaded, horizontal channel being formed on the curved posterior face, the other of said non-threaded, horizontal channel being formed on the curved anterior face, the pair of non-threaded, horizontal channels extending from one of the arcuate ends.
6. The implant of claim 5, wherein the chamfer is formed on the other of said arcuate ends.
7. The implant of claim 1, wherein the curved anterior and curved posterior faces are substantially parallel.
8. The implant of claim 6, wherein the curved posterior face has a radii of curvature R1 and the curved anterior face has a radii of curvature R2, wherein R1 is between about 25 mm and 35 mm and R2 is between about 15 mm and 25 mm.
9. The implant of claim 1, wherein the teeth have a pyramid shape such that each tooth has four sides and forms an acute angle with the superior or inferior faces.
10. The implant of claim 1, wherein a distance between the superior and inferior surfaces define an implant height, the implant height being greatest at a midsection between the pair of narrow ends, the implant height tapering gradually along the longitudinal axis of the implant so that the implant height is thinnest at the narrow ends of the implant.
11. The implant of claim 10, wherein the tapering thickness is defined by a radius of curvature R3, wherein R3 is between about 85 mm and 115 mm.
12. The implant of claim 10, wherein the implant height is substantially constant for any given cross section taken perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the implant
13. The implant of claim 1, wherein the implant is formed of at least two pieces of allograft assembled together to form the implant.
14. The implant of claim 13, wherein the at least two pieces of allograft are joined together by interlocking grooves and pallets.
15. The implant of claim 13, wherein the at least two pieces of allograft containing an opening formed therein, the opening being sized and configured to receive at least one pin for holding the pieces of allograft together as a single unit.
16. An intervertebral implant sized and configured for implantation between a first and second vertebra via transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion technique, the implant comprising:
- a body having a curved posterior face, a curved anterior face, a pair of curved ends separating the posterior and anterior faces and superior and inferior faces for contacting at least a portion of the first and second vertebra, the superior and inferior faces defining a thickness of the implant;
- wherein the body includes at least one vertical through-channel extending from the superior face to the inferior face; and
- the anterior and posterior faces include at least two non-threaded, horizontal channels configured and adapted for engagement by an implant insertion tool, one of the channels being disposed along at least a portion of the curved posterior face, the other of said channels being disposed along at least a portion of the curved anterior face, wherein the channels each include at least two recesses for engaging a corresponding projection formed on the insertion tool.
17. The implant of claim 16, wherein the at least one vertical through-channel defines a first wall between the anterior face and the vertical through-channel and a second wall between the posterior face and the vertical through channel, the first and second walls having a wall width, the vertical through channel having a channel width, the wall width being greater than the channel width.
18. The implant of claim 16, wherein the implant includes at least two vertical through-channels extending from said superior surface to said anterior surface.
19. The implant of claim 16, wherein the implant further includes at least one horizontal through-channel extending through the implant from the anterior face to the posterior face.
20. The implant of claim 16, wherein the implant further includes at least one lateral through-channel extending from at least one of the curved ends towards the vertical through channel.
21. The implant of claim 20, wherein the lateral through channel extends from one curved end completely through the implant to the other curved end.
22. The implant of claim 16, wherein the implant is formed from a radiolucent material.
23. The implant of claim 20, wherein the implant includes at least one radiopaque marker
24. The implant of claim 16, wherein the implant is formed from a titanium alloy.
25. The implant of claim 16 wherein at least one of the superior and inferior surfaces includes a chamfer formed thereon.
26. The implant of claim 25, wherein the chamfer is devoid of any teeth formed thereon.
27. The implant of claim 16, wherein the implant further includes a beveled edge along a perimeter of the superior and inferior surfaces.
28. An intervertebral implant for posterior insertion via a transforaminal window comprising:
- curved, substantially parallel posterior and anterior faces, the posterior and anterior faces extending along a longitudinal axis of the implant;
- a pair of convex narrow ends separating the posterior and anterior faces;
- superior and inferior faces for contacting upper and lower vertebral endplates, the superior and inferior faces defining a thickness of the implant; at least one depression in the anterior or posterior face for engagement by an insertion tool; and at least two vertical through-channels extending through the implant from the superior face to the inferior face, each vertical through-channel having a width and walls on posterior and anterior sides of the width, the walls on the posterior and anterior sides of the width of the vertical through-channels having a thickness greater than the width of the vertical through channels;
29. The implant of claim 28, further comprising a chamfer on the superior and inferior faces at one of the convex narrow ends to facilitate implant insertion.
30. The implant of claim 28, wherein the depression further comprises multiple recesses for engagement with an insertion tool.
31. The implant of claim 28, wherein the implant further includes at least one horizontal through-channel extending through the implant from the anterior face to the posterior face.
32. The implant of claim 28, wherein the implant further includes at least one lateral through-channel extending from at least one of the curved ends towards the vertical through channel.
33. The implant of claim 32, wherein the lateral through channel extends from one curved end completely through the implant to the other curved end.
34. The implant of claim 28, wherein the implant is formed from a radiolucent material.
35. The implant of claim 34, wherein the implant includes at least one radiopaque marker.
36. The implant of claim 28, wherein the implant is formed from a titanium alloy.
37. An intervertebral implant sized and configured for implantation between a first and second vertebra via transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion technique, the implant comprising:
- curved posterior and anterior faces, the posterior and anterior faces extending along a longitudinal axis of the implant;
- a pair of arcuate ends separating the posterior and anterior faces;
- superior and inferior surfaces for contacting at least a portion of the first and second vertebral, the superior and inferior faces defining a thickness of the implant;
- at least one vertical through-channel extending from the superior surface to the inferior surface, the at least one vertical through-channel defining a first wall between the anterior face and the vertical through-channel and a second wall between the posterior face and the vertical through channel, the first and second walls having a wall width, the vertical through channel having a channel width, the wall width being greater than the channel width.
Type: Application
Filed: May 7, 2007
Publication Date: Sep 6, 2007
Inventors: Dominique Messerli (West Chester, PA), David Gerber (Exton, PA), David Paul (Phoenixville, PA), Kenneth Kobayashi (Exton, PA)
Application Number: 11/745,293
International Classification: A61F 2/44 (20060101);