Separated Member Wood Framing
A family of manufactured framing assemblies primarily constructed of wood products that fit together to produce a wall with superior thermal characteristics, reduced wood content, improved straightness, reduced labor requirements, and other benefits when compared with conventional wood frame construction. Framing assemblies including wall stud assemblies and top and bottom plate assemblies that are each composed of two separated chords firmly connected by a combination of connecting members that include pegs and/or blocks. King jack stud assemblies replace 2 studs on each side of a window, door, or other opening and have slots to receive the core extending from a horizontal support assembly. Horizontal support assemblies with superior thermal characteristics include a header assembly and a window base assembly. Nails, adhesives, press fit, and other methods are used as desired for attachment.
This application claims the benefit of provisional patent application Ser. No. 60/782,998 filed 2006 Mar. 16 by the present inventor, the disclosure of which is hereby incorporated by reference.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION—PRIOR ARTStick built framing for residential and light construction has traditionally been done with lumber in dimensions such as 2×4″, 2×6″, 2″×8″, 2″×10″, and 2″×12″. As the cost of heating and cooling buildings has risen and environmental concerns have grown, the need to produce well insulated buildings has taken on a new priority. Standard stick frame construction has a weakness in that the insulating value of the wooden framing member itself is 3 to 6 times less than insulation installed in the “bay” between members. This weakness can account for 10 percent of the cost of heating and cooling in a typical building.
In the past several decades, a variety of new products competing with or improving stick built construction have evolved. These products include laminated veneer lumber, laminated beams, laminated strand lumber, parallel strand lumber, wood I beams used as joists and rafters, truss joists also referred to as open web joists, engineered roof trusses, and manufactured wall studs designed for straightness and strength.
Framing structures with conventional lumber has several shortcomings. We have considered the poor insulating quality of solid wood framing. In addition, the amount of forest resources needed to produce wood used in buildings framed with conventional lumber is significant. The associated environmental impact and costs of harvesting wood are real considerations. The weight of conventional lumber used in stick framing buildings affects the laborers who handle the materials and erect the structure. Conventional lumber often is delivered warped and bent and only gets worse when exposed to weather and job site conditions. A significant amount of labor goes into drilling conventional lumber to run wires and piping. It is difficult at best to run air ducts through conventional lumber.
Today's engineered lumber products improve upon conventional lumber in a number of ways but have some of their own weaknesses. In general these products cost more than conventional lumber. Depending on the engineered product the weight ranges from significantly less to slightly more than conventional lumber. Depending on the application, thermal bridging of engineered lumber products may or may not be better than conventional lumber. Drilling is required for running wire runs piping in some engineered lumber products while others do have open spaces for wiring and plumbing. There are limitations of size and placement of holes to run air handling ducts through framing members of some engineered lumber products.
SUMMARYThe present invention addresses the issue of energy efficiency in the construction of homes and other wood framed buildings. A basic premise of the present invention is to create framing members with separated chords that are firmly connected to each other in a fashion that allows an insulating material to fill the void between the separated chords as well as the “bays” between the framing elements. Additional advantages flow from this starting point.
By using two separated chords rather than a solid wood framing element, the present invention reduces the wood content of framing members by 20 to 40 percent. This reduction in the wood content required for a structure is an environmental benefit that fits with today's emphasis on green building.
By improving energy efficiency while reducing the amount of wood resources needed, the present invention is a natural fit with the goals of building green. Rating systems for green buildings such as Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design commonly referred to as LEED are becoming widely recognized. The framing system of present invention should fit easily into these green building rating systems. A structure built with the present invention should achieve a better rating than one built with conventional methods.
The dimensions of the present invention do not need to conform to standards for dimensional lumber, but may be designed to maximize an attribute or some combination of attributes. It is natural to match some standard construction dimensions such as wall thickness where standards for doors and windows exist. For builders who are interested in reaching a goal of super insulated construction, the present invention can be adapted to create thicker walls with greater space for installing insulation. These thicker walls are ideal for a developing category of ultra efficient homes described as Zero Net Energy Homes. With passive solar features as well as solar electric and solar thermal systems, these homes aim to create as much energy as they use.
The present invention provides properties strength, straightness and improved thermal performance with less material, less weight, and potentially lower cost when compared with today's lumber products. The separated members of the present invention offer reduced labor required for running wires, pipe, air conditioning, etc. when compared to some engineered lumber products.
The present invention is a natural fit for structures completely designed and engineered with computer software. With every framing element defined and modeled, combined with the manufactured nature of framing members, job specific parts can be produced and kitted together so that every element lines up with other parts and fits into an integrate whole where almost all field measuring and cutting is eliminated. In other words, the framing members go together like pieces of a Lego kit. The amount of time required to build a house or other structure will be reduced. Walls can be diagonally braced on the internal sides of the separated members without a requirement for notching.
Further objects and advantages will become apparent from a consideration of the ensuing description and drawings.
In accordance with the present invention, wood framing assemblies comprising of two separated parallel wood framing members that are securely fastened together with a limited amount of connecting material; king jack stud assemblies comprising of two separated parallel wood framing members that are securely fastened together with connecting material that when assembled with header assembly and window base assembly as needed provide continuous structural material between the chords from a header assembly to the base; and header and window base assemblies comprising of solid cores sandwiched by foam which is sandwiched by face board. Assemblies of this invention form a system of framing used to construct a wood framed building.
Embodiments of wood framing assemblies of wall studs, short wall studs, and top and bottom plates; king jack stud assemblies; header and window base assemblies; and parts of the present invention are illustrated in
The method for mating between stud and plate assemblies described in the previous paragraph where the attachment of extensions allows for defined fastening locations and three surfaces that mate can be transferred to be used with the mating of floor joists and floor joist assemblies with extensions to center beam assemblies. An example of a center beam assembly with a receiving feature is a wood product center beam constructed as a double I beam with blocks that fit in between the top and bottom chords on the sides of the double I beam, that come flush with the edge of the chords, and offer a vertical surface for mating extensions of joists and joist assemblies to the center beam assembly. To make the bottom chord of double I center beam secure enough to carry loading of floor joists, mending plates could be used to tie blocks to both chords.
Fastening methods used to connect studs to plates would likely be different than used with conventional wood framing. Smaller diameter nails, screws, staples, pre-drilled holes for screws, and adhesives may all be used. Additionally pegs similar to those described in the present invention may be used in pre-drilled holes to tie studs to plates as well as king jack studs to a header and a window base in a fashion similar to pegged post and beam construction.
Several features of the present invention are easily seen in
A king jack stud assembly (
A wood framing assembly has the basic functionality of a conventional wood framing members such as wall studs, wall top plates and bottom plates, joists, and rafters. Wood framing assemblies include wall stud assemblies, short wall stud assemblies, and top and bottom wall plate assemblies that are shown in the present invention as well as floor joist assemblies and rafter assemblies.
A wall stud assembly with extending blocks 26 is shown in
By drilling holes with a drill bit that produces a flat surface at the base of the holes, and drilling with reference to the outer surface of a chord, the depth of the wall stud is determined by the length of the pegs and the thickness of the material between the hole bases and the outer surfaces of the chords.
Two surfaces of the extending blocks 26 are in contact with to the inner surfaces of the stud chords 22 and are attached to them. The stud chords 22 are drilled to accept cylindrical pegs 24 by themselves as well as cylindrical pegs 24 that pass through and are optionally fastened with adhesive to extending blocks 26. An exploded view of a short stud assembly of
A short window stud assembly with a base extension is shown in
A plate assembly that can be used either as a top plate or a bottom plate is shown in
An alternate way to secure blocks is to nail them place by nailing through chords. To maximize the capability to transfer shear through a wooden block with wood grain running in the long direction of the wood framing assembly, nails from both sides of the stud would penetrate more than half way through blocks if deemed necessary. Blocks constructed of strand lumber products that do not have grain orientation like conventional lumber have greater ability to transfer shear forces without splitting and may not require nails or cylindrical pegs to carry shear forces through the block. An alternate method of fastening blocks is to insert double ended nails into blocks and press the chords on the blocks after applying adhesive. This would minimize any splitting of chords due to nailing.
A block consists of a material with two surfaces that contact the inner surfaces of two chords or features cut into the surfaces of two chords and determine the distance between the two chords, wherein the surfaces may be smooth or rough cut and features may include continuous slots, intermittent slots, milled slots that end abruptly, and finger joints. Beyond the two surfaces that contact the chords the shape of a block is not defined. The preferred shape is expected to be a rectangular solid. Preferred materials for blocks are expected to be solid wood, strand lumber products, and laminated wood. Other materials may be used for blocks.
Chords may have one or more rough cut surfaces.
Chords of may be made of finger jointed wood. Two layers of finger jointed wood adhered together may provide an optimum value engineered chord where two layers adhered together enhances strength of chords by joining wood with different grain and by re-enforcing weak spots present in one of the layers. Laminated layers may include solid wood, veneer, and strand board products. Preferred materials for chords are expected to be solid wood, laminated wood and finger jointed wood. Other materials may be used for chords.
Expanding the idea of using two layers of wood adhered together to create a chord, the layer that includes the outer surface of a chord could be wider than the layer that includes the inner surface of a chord. This geometry of a chord with a wide upper layer could be particularly beneficial in producing floor joist and rater assemblies that can be spaced widely apart from the next floor joist or rafter assembly. An example would be floor joists spaced on 24 inch centers rather than on 16 inch centers.
A king jack window stud assembly with base extension is shown in
A king jack door stud assembly is shown in
The king jack stud assemblies of
A vertical king jack stud can be a king jack stud assembly or a solid piece of wood or wood product that may have the geometric features of the king jack assemblies of
The header assembly of
The window base assembly of
A cylindrical peg 24 is shown in
A short cylindrical peg 56 is shown in
Pegs 24, 52, 54, 56 may be made out of a different species of wood than the chords 22, 28, 32, 62 of the present invention. The chords 22, 28, 32, 62 would likely be made of pine spruce or fir, while the pegs may be made of pine, spruce, fir, poplar or a hardwood. In addition the cylindrical peg 24 could be formed as a strand lumber product.
Pegs may be made out of materials other than wood including metal, plastic, and other materials. Pegs may be driven into chords without drilling if the composition of the peg allows it. The nature of a peg is that the ends of a peg preferable are able to be assembled into a drilled hole in a chord or be driven into a chord with a single penetration.
Holes drilled in the chords 22, 28, 32 to accept pegs 24, 52, 54, 56 can be used to set the dimension of a wood framing assembly from the outer surface of one chord to the outer surface of a second connected chord. These holes are drilled with to have flat bottom holes whose depth is referenced to the outer surface of the chords. In this fashion a peg of know length will produce a wood framing assembly of the desired depth.
A wall stud shown in
The next four wall studs shown in
A wall stud with separated standard blocks 30 along the major axis is shown in
A wall stud with separated finger jointed blocks 58 along the major axis is shown in
A wall stud with separated board blocks 60 is shown in
The stud chords 22 have slots of similar dimension to the board block 58. The standard blocks 30 at the ends of this stud are similar to the blocks of
In addition this stud assembly as well as some of the other stud assemblies could be tailored to produce joist and rafter assemblies. Starting with the wall stud of
From the descriptions above, a number of advantages of my separated member wood framing system become evident:
The thermal break in the wall studs and top and bottom plates provides space for insulation. Damp spray cellulose insulation and spray in place foam products can be used to insulate the open bays and in between the separated chords of the wall studs. The king-jack studs do not have a thermal break but instead reduce the cross sectional area of thermally conducting wood when compared to conventional framing. The insulating design of the header and window base keep the thermal efficiency of the wall high.
The separated chords provide easy passages for wire, conduit, and piping. Potable water piping and heat piping and ductwork with a small cross sectional area can be kept from the cold by creating an insulated cavity. This can be done using an adhesive to attach foam board to the inside of exterior sheathing in bays where pipes will run. Ductwork such as used in high velocity air systems can be routed through top plates and into walls with either no modification or minor modifications to top plate and stud design.
This manufactured framing will produce consistently straight and true walls enhancing the construction buildings including window and door installation and plaster and drywall installation and finish.
Labor savings will occur in the assembly of walls built of the present invention. The reduced weight of the wall will be beneficial in assembly. The time required to drill holes for wire and pipe runs will be reduced.
The reduced amount of wood used in the wall is an environmentally desirable outcome of the present invention.
The process of constructing with this method fits very well with computer aided house and building design where entire structures can be optimized. This approach may be used to deliver pre-engineered framing members for “kit” framed homes or developments where minimal cutting of framing members is needed.
Claims
1. A wood framing assembly comprising a first chord having outer and inner surfaces; a second chord having outer and inner surfaces; wherein said outer surface of said second chord is substantially parallel to said outer surface of said first chord and spaced apart therefrom; and a plurality of separated connecting members between the said inner surfaces of said first and second chords.
2. The wood framing assembly of claim 1, wherein said connecting members are positioned substantially in a straight line.
3. The wood framing assembly of claim 1, wherein said connecting members are not positioned in a straight line.
4. The wood framing assembly of claim 1, wherein the spacing between any two adjacent said connecting members is substantially uniform.
5. The wood framing assembly of claim 1, wherein the spacing between any two adjacent said connecting members is not uniform.
6. The wood framing assembly of claim 1, wherein said connecting members are secured to said first and second chords with adhesive.
7. The wood framing assembly of claim 1, wherein said connecting members are nailed to said first and second chords.
8. The wood framing assembly of claim 1, wherein said chords comprise drilled holes and said connecting members comprise a plurality of connecting pegs inserted into said drilled holes in said chords.
9. The wood framing assembly of claim 1, wherein said connecting members comprise a plurality of connecting pegs inserted into said chords without drilling.
10. The wood framing assembly of claim 1, wherein said connecting members comprise a plurality of connecting blocks attached to said chords.
11. The wood framing assembly of claim 10, wherein said chords and said blocks comprise drilled holes and using pegs inserted into holes in said blocks and said chords.
12. The wood framing assembly of claim 10, wherein said chords and said blocks comprise finger joints, and said blocks are attached to said chords via said finger joints.
13. The wood framing assembly of claim 10, wherein said chords comprise slots and said blocks are adapted to extend into said slots.
14. A horizontal support assembly comprising of a center load bearing wood product core having opposite sides; a first insulating foam layer having opposite surfaces, were one surface is affixed to one of said side of said core; a second insulating foam layer having opposite surfaces, where one surface is affixed to the opposite said side of said core; a first wood product face layer affixed to the opposite surface of said first foam layer; a second wood product face layer affixed to the opposite surface of said second foam layer.
15. A wall comprising: a first horizontal wood framing assembly, a second horizontal wood framing assembly, a plurality of vertical wood framing assemblies, between said first and second horizontal wood framing assemblies. First and second horizontal wood frame assemblies comprise of blocks.
16. A wall 15 further comprising: a diagonal brace fastened to inner surfaces of chords of a plurality of wood framing assemblies
17. A wall 15 further comprising: a horizontal support assembly.
18. A wall 15 further comprising: a vertical king jack stud comprises slots positioned in said vertical king jack stud and a horizontal support assembly with ends of said core of said support assembly that extend beyond the remaining portions of said support assembly and wherein said end of said horizontal support assembly is positioned in said slot of said vertical king jack stud.
19. A wall of 15 wherein a connecting member is placed between said chords of said vertical wood framing assembly, such that it extends beyond said chords of said vertical wood framing assembly, such that said vertical connecting member is adapted to fit between said chords of said horizontal wood framing assembly.
20. A wall of 19, wherein said extended connecting member contacts a connecting member of said horizontal wood framing assembly.
Type: Application
Filed: Mar 16, 2007
Publication Date: Oct 4, 2007
Inventor: Peter Warren Hubbe (Hopkinton, MA)
Application Number: 11/687,347