Apparatus for Physical Exercise, and a Crank Device and Foot Supporting Platforms for Use With Such Apparatus
A crank device comprising foot supports with means for controlling stability and angle relative to the motion. There are linkages for stabilising and keeping a correct angle relative to an apparatus frame during a full rotation. The foot supporting means have also means for adjusting the angle to create a toe-heel tilt. The foot supporting means in form of platforms have optional tilt movement with an adjustable mechanism, the movement transverse the stepping motion, for utilising proprioseptive training and exercise.
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The present invention relates to an apparatus for physical exercise, and a crank device and foot supporting platforms for use with such apparatus, as defined in the introductory part of the attached independent claims. The invention is useful to provide for a choice among a plurality of different workout options related to simulation of movements, and to provide means for adjustment thereof according to user defined options.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTIONThe benefits of regular aerobic exercise are well established and accepted. Because the major population in the western world live close together in towns and cities, far from the countryside and because of inclement weather, time constraints and for other reasons, it is not always possible to walk, jog, run or ski outdoors. Various types of indoor exercise equipment have been developed for aerobic exercise and to exercise leg muscles commonly used in walking, running, skiing, and other outdoors activities. Such apparatus include treadmills, stepping machines, and various types of sliding machines. Although effective to some extent, they all have disadvantages. Treadmills have the drawback of producing high impact on the user's hips, back, legs and knees. One approach that minimizes the tear on joints is to use a stair stepper. Stair steppers, however, do not develop all of the muscles commonly used in running. Furthermore, such machines are difficult to use in sprint type exercises. Finally, apparatus of the sliding type require the user to slide his/her feet back and forth along a horizontal plane. Such movement does not mimic running and thus offers exercise only to a limited range of muscles.
Combining these kinds of apparatus with an indoor training bicycle one would hope to have a variety of training options for aerobic exercise. This however would require a lot of floor space. To give a maximum aerobic exercise, combined with a simulation of walking, jogging and running without straining the users joints and to save floor space, there has for long been a need to provide an improved range of a new type of training apparatus often denoted as elliptical trainers or cross trainers.
There is thus a great demand for training equipment capable of simulating a movement of the legs and feet, as they naturally would move when walking, jogging, running, skiing, climbing or performing a range of stepping motions.
A single apparatus capable of providing to highly satisfactory degree exercise assistance to such large variety of simulated movements is yet to be found on the market.
On the market today there is however available some exercise equipment of elliptical or cross trainer type aiming to provide such assistance, although so with more or less success. Worth mentioning as examples are products from Tunturi, LifeFitness, Icon and Precor. The aim of these trainers is to achieve an elliptical like orbit of user's feet during a workout similar to that commonly encountered during walking or running. Since the user's feet never leave the foot rails, minimal impact is produced. Training apparatus creating an orbit to pedals or platforms in an elliptical shape, are more than often built quite big to the required stride length. They also often have big crank wheels and many bars linked to each other and such trainers have limited means for adjustment of stride length and orbit of the pedals or platforms.
The present invention thus intends to solve inherent shortcomings of currently available exercise apparatus, and the present invention therefore intends to provide various embodiments of a single multifunctional piece of equipment or exercise apparatus which may be utilised to assist simulation of different exercises, including walking, jogging, running, skiing and climbing without imparting shock to the user's body joints in the manner of exercise treadmills. The inventive apparatus replaces treadmills, all types of steppers, elliptic operation type of apparatus, cross trainers, skiing exercise apparatus and various types of indoors training bikes.
Another aspect of the invention is strengthening of the joints and more specifically the muscles and tendons. Training during instability, also called proprioseptive training, has shown positive effects strengthening the muscles round joints. A medical study using unstable pedals during training proves significant results. Such pedals are shown in publication WO00/68067 assigned Flexiped AS. The medical test mentioned was published in Scandinavian Journal of Medicine and Science in Sports, Vol. 13, issue 4, August 2003, author: Dr. Per Høiness. The present invention offers inclusion of elements of instability, specifically regarding supporting means for the feet. The feet supports will optionally be able to tilt transversely of the path of motion, and in addition have the ability to tilt parallel to the path of motion, to give a toe-heel movement.
Producing circular, elliptical and linear motions using two wheels, which interact and have the ratio of 2:1 is known already from the Renaissance when G. Cardano invented this concept and today often referred to as cardanic motion.
This concept is further explained in the publication “Method of synthesis of cardanic motion” by Aleksander Sekulic published no later than Dec. 1, 1998. This concept is utilized in different crank solutions mostly for bicycles but also described as a method in combustion engines. (See for example principle at www.flying-pig.co.uk/mechanism)
However, contrary to versatility of the apparatus of the present invention, neither of the mentioned prior art devices, nor other prior art devices are capable of achieving an optimal elliptical movement with means for easily adjustments of the path and motion in the way the present invention provides, and through use of an elected embodiment of exercise apparatus according to the invention being able to provide the great variety of assistance to simulated movements required for efficient and correct and optimal physical training, exercise or therapy.
In a preferred embodiment of the invention it is intended to provide an exercise apparatus with assisting handles for arm movement and for assisting in simulating a range of stepping motions, including walking, jogging, running, climbing and skiing, and with means for manually or automatically adjusting motions from a linear to elliptical path or elliptical like path to the footrest for user's feet.
OBJECTS OF THE INVENTIONIt is thus an object of the present invention to provide improved exercise apparatus that provides for a plurality of motions ranging from linear to elliptical or elliptical like foot movement similar to that of walking, jogging, running, climbing and skiing.
Another object of the present invention is to provide the above exercising apparatus with means for producing any desired path or movement wanted by the user, and more specifically provide for selective adjustment to match e.g. stride of the user, size of orbit and the type of exercise chosen, preferably with automatically means.
Yet another object of the present invention is to provide a controlled posture and angle of the feet supports related to the exercise apparatus to match the stride and any movement required by the user.
Yet a further object of the present invention is to provide tilting of feet supports being operative on the exercise apparatus to create a degree of instability, which imposes challenges to the muscles and balance of the user.
Still another object of the present invention is to provide an exercise apparatus, which requires minimal space to operate and store, yet is still easy to operate, simple and reliable in operation and maintenance, and provides a cost-efficient piece of exercise apparatus capable of providing a greater variety of modes of use in a single piece of equipment compared with prior art devices.
Further, the present invention also aims at providing a crank device useful for the exercise apparatus and which provides for a greater range of modes of use, and is capable of contributing to the versatility previous unknown to a single piece of apparatus for physical exercise.
BRIEF SUMMARY OF THE INVENTIONThe invention utilises cardanic motion for producing a plurality of motions in a training or exercise apparatus. The motions are provided by a crank mechanism utilising cardanic motion which on each side of an axle has a disc, sprocket, cog or gear, here referred to as a sun gear, which is fixed relative to a second gear of half the size which revolves around the sun gear. The second gear is rotationally fixed on a crank arm, with an axle rotationally running through the sun gear. The rotational motion of the second gear is produced through a linkage to the sun gear, the linkage being gears, belts, chains or other mechanical transmission means. To the second gear is fixed a second crank arm, which has foot-supporting means. The foot supports in a preferred embodiment have means for controlling stability and angle relative to the motion.
The training apparatus according to the invention has mechanical means for adjusting a length of the crank arms, e.g. through use of motors and gears. The length of the crank arm decides the size and shape of the orbit and is preferably automatically adjustable dependent on speed or desired stride length. The orientation of the inventive crank system may be adjustable rotated in order to change the inclination of the path and motion, the rotation of the system preferably assisted by a motor. There are linkages between the fixed gear, the sun gear, preferably through use of gears, and the foot supporting means for stabilising and keeping a correct angle relative to an apparatus frame during a full rotation. The foot supporting means have also means for adjusting the angle to create a toe-heel tilt. The foot supporting means in form of platforms have optional tilt movement with an adjustable mechanism, the movement transverse the stepping motion, for utilising proprioceptive training and exercise.
In a further aspect of the present invention, a flywheel is mounted on a portion of the frame connected so to rotate as result of the crank movements. The flywheel serves as a momentum-storing device to simulate the momentum of the body during various stepping motions. Resistance may be applied to the rotation of the flywheel, to make the motion harder or easier to achieve. This resistance may be co-ordinated with the workout level desired by the user. Similar kind of system is found on training/exercise apparatus, such as ergo-meter bikes, spinning bikes, cross trainers and the like.
The exercise apparatus would in a preferred embodiment include handlebars, which move as part of a training exercise. The handle bars would be pivotally fixed to a forward part of the training apparatus and hinged to bars linked to rotational parts of the crank mechanism in such a way that the bars move in an opposite direction relative to the feet supports giving a full cardiovascular workout.
Finally the exercise apparatus includes a user input, monitoring and control device, hereinafter referred to as a man machine interface device (MMI) which allows the user to adjust the machine so to achieve desired motion, speed, resistance and path, it being walking, jogging, running, climbing or skiing. The MMI device is preferably of a touch-screen type but could also be a combination of a display/screen and a panel of buttons. The characteristic features of the apparatus and the crank device will appear from the attached independent claims, and further embodiments thereof will appear from the related sub-claims. Also, these and other features and related advantages of the present invention will be apparent from the attached drawings and description to follow.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGSThe technical features of the invention, the wide range of exercise modes offered, and the inherent improvements over the prior art will be described with reference to accompanying drawings, which illustrates preferred embodiments of the invention by example and in which:
The following
To the frame 1 is fixedly attached non-rotary cog wheels 16 and 17. A circumference ratio between cog wheels 16 and 14, as well as cog wheels 17 and 15 is 2:1. Chains 18 and 19 connects the cog wheels 14, 16 and 15, 17. It should be understood that belt and pulley arrangement or a toothed belt and cog wheels could replace the chain and cog wheels approach. Further aspects of the embodiment of
To the axle 8 is fixedly attached a wheel 22, which rotates when the crank device is set in motion. As shown in
It is desirable to monitor the rotational speed of the flywheel or the crank wheels so as to measure the distance traveled by a user of the inventive apparatus and also to control the level of workout experienced by the user. The movement resistance and simulated distance may be coordinated with the workout level desired by the user, for instance, a desired heart rate range for optimum caloric expenditure. A heart rate monitor or other sensors may be utilised to sense the desired or required physical parameters to be optimised during exercise. Any standard method of measuring the speed of the flywheels may be utilised. For instance, an optical or magnetic strobe wheel or pattern may be mounted on a disk, or other rotating member, e.g. the wheel 22, of the present apparatus. An optical or magnetic sensor 28 may monitor the rotational speed of the strobe wheel 29 to generate an electrical signal related to such rotational speed and whereby such signal can be processed by a computer located e.g. on the apparatus. A man machine interface system (MMI) and device will be described below with reference to
As shown in
The possible motion of the crank arms is further shown in
As shown in
The following equations (Eqs. 1, 2 and 3) will determine the orbital paths, given that the circumferential ratio between cog wheels 16, 14 and 17, 15 is as disclosed before, i.e. 2:1.
PL=2×ICAL+2×OCAL Eq.1
PH=2×OCAL−2×ICAL; for OCAL being =or >ICAL Eq.2
PH=2×ICAL−2×OCAL; for OCAL being 0 or <ICAL Eq.3
If OCAL=ICAL, i.e. the pedal is located at location 43, it is seen that PH=0, i.e. that the pedal obtains a rectilinear path rather than an elliptic or circular path, and that PL will be 2×(ICAL+OCAL).
If OCAL=0, i.e. the pedal is located at location 47, then PL=PH and the path described by the pedal will be circular. This is however identical to an ordinary bicycle mode (circular mode), and not of particular importance in the present context. In fact, it is strongly preferred, according to the present invention that OCAL>ICAL.
If OCAL>ICAL, i.e. the pedal is located at location 41; 42, and Eqs. 1 and 2 apply, i.e. that PH<PL and an elliptical path is obtained.
If ICAL is 150 mm and OCAL is 175 mm, we get PL=2×150 mm+2×175 mm=650 mm and PH=2×175 mm-2×150 mm=50 mm.
In the non-limiting example shown on
Placing pedals or platforms on the outer crank arm 10; 11 along lines 44 and 45 and holes 41-42 gives them an elliptical orbital movement, except at point 43 where the pedals or platforms achieves a flat or rather rectilinear path 46. The path 46 is thus achieved when the distance between fixing point of the foot supports (e.g. pedal) and outer crank arm axle linking to the inner arm is identical to the distance 39 between outer crank arm axle linking to the inner crank arm and inner crank arm axle. Placing pedals or platforms at point 47 thus causes a circular movement to be achieved. The movement of the outer crank arms are shown in
Adjustment of OCAL to be equal to ICAL can be utilised in a training/exercise apparatus for simulating a skiing motion.
The direction of the orbit the pedals perform when set in motion is also dependent on the ratio OCAL:ICAL.
When the outer crank arms are shorter than the inner crank arms, i.e. OCAL<ICAL, and when the outer crank arms are set in motion, the pedals will enter into an elliptical orbit in the same movement direction as that of the inner crank arms and axle.
When the outer crank arms are longer than the inner crank arms and which when outer crank arms are set in motion gives the pedals an elliptical orbit in the opposite direction of the inner crank arms and axle.
Thus, if OCAL>ICAL the pedals will describe an orbital path direction which will be in a direction opposite to direction of rotation of the main crank axle, and if OCAL<ICAL the pedals will describe an orbital path direction which will be in the same direction of rotation of the main crank axle.
It should be noted that preferred embodiments of the invention would demand that the outer crank arm 10; 11 is longer than the inner crank arm 6; 7. A stride length between 300 mm and 900 mm seems to be the range on which the dimensions OCAL and ICAL should be based. It will readily appreciated that the operating part forming the crank arm device assembly should easily fit with comfortable space clearance between the legs of a user. The size of the cog wheels or gears in the crank arm device solution as made according to any described embodiment of the invention is not a fixed matter as such, although the cog wheels or gears should be dimensioned to withstand the forces and weight applied by the user, the ratio between the gears 16, 14 and 17, 15 always being 2:1. Making a technical solution where the outer crank arms are shorter than the inner crank arms would demand an undesirable big sun gear 16, 17 to achieve optimal stride lengths, and such a solution should definitely be avoided in order to effectively reduce physical size of the sun gear, the related dimension and weight of the apparatus, and the extra cost of a large sun gear.
The
The invention is now to be further described with reference to
Another aspect of the invention is to vary the motion and more specifically the orientation of the path of the foot supports, created by the crank device.
For a preferred embodiment of the invention the cog wheel, or sun gear, earlier described as a fixed unit, is optionally rotational through a limited angular distance, i.e. from a fixed position to another fixed position. As illustrated with arrow 35 on
A training apparatus which to be used for simulating running, will demand foot supporting means in the form of platforms, and such platforms should be made to stay in a horizontal position or other wanted angle during a full rotation of the crank arms.
As described for the embodiment shown in
It should be understood that the ratio shown in this embodiment is made for keeping a pedal or platform in one posture through a full 360° rotation of the cranks, and changing the ratios will angle the platform differently. A second fixing point 123 on the outer crank arm 100 for attachment of a platform is placed in the centre of a cog wheel 122 which is rotational relative to and supported by outer crank arm. Between cog wheels 120 and 122 is located a chain 124, which in ratio 1:1 transfers rotation from cog wheel 120 to cog wheel 122 and thereby to any attached platform attached at fixing point 123. This gives such a combined gear/crank arm device two fixing points 121; 123 for platforms, fixing point 121 providing for a flat or rectilinear path for the platform, as indicated on
As explained relative to
In a training/exercise apparatus utilising the invention an adjustment of stride length is highly desirable. This can be done as explained above in connection with
All mechanical, electrical and or fluid guide parts, as well as control means related to the principles of
A preferred embodiment, according to the invention, of the crank arm device and related to the adjustment of crank arm length is shown on
However, some further aspects of the invention related to how a crank arm can be made for both having controlled pedal angle and adjustment of crank arm length, is now to be described with reference to
The aim of the invention is to create a training or exercise apparatus where the dimension(s) of the orbital or rectilinear path of the foot supporting means are automatically adjustable depending on speed of crank rotation and of pedal travel. Setting of dimension(s) of the orbit for foot supports can be provided through use of a kind of man machine interface MMI device for user personal adjustments, resistance to work-out, advisor displays, updated results, suitably including a display with a keypad/buttons or a touch screen for input of user values.
The sensor 160 sends signals to a microprocessor or CPU 162, which through a program signals means for adjusting cranks 163 and 164. Reference numerals 165 and 166 indicate motors or pumps. Sensors 167, 168 measure the length of the cranks. Means for operating is provided in form of button clusters with display or in the form of a touchscreen 169. Run by a program in the CPU choices are displayed on a screen, for example user defined adjustment of the stride indicated and adjustable on a display 170 or automatic adjustment of stride dependent on speed indicated and adjustable on display 171. Further explanation of the means for operating preferably called a man machine interface MMI device is found below in relation with
The crank device will have means for supporting the foot of a user. Depending on the type of training apparatus the crank device is mounted in, either platforms or pedals are fixed to the crank arms. To gain proprioceptive training, the crank device should have mounted thereon multiple use platforms or pedals.
As mentioned above the invention may be utilised in a number of embodiments of pedal or platform driven apparatus.
A main feature of the invention is the versatility in training motions and the users freedom of choosing preferred motions. The following will explain the inventions ability to do so, using the above explained features in combination with new embodiments.
As shown in
Turning back to
The crank device according to the invention may work with gears/cogs, connected with chains/belts, or directly geared.
It should be noted that preferred embodiments of the invention will demand that the outer crank arm 308, 310; 310 is longer than the inner crank arm 306, 306; 312. As indicated in relation to
The following will describe a further embodiment showing an utilisation of the present invention.
The crank arm mechanism does not use cog wheels with chains as shown in earlier embodiments, but uses gears. The crank arm mechanism will be particularly described with reference to
The crank device is set in motion when the user forces the platforms downwards. Whilst the outer crank arms 340, 341 rotate in the direction of the platforms, the inner crank arms 330, 331 rotate counter-wise. Explaining from one side of the training apparatus; the gear 347 is given a rotation relative to the outer crank arm, which is controlled by the motion of inner crank arm through gear 343 and gear 345. The ratio between gears 343 and 347 is 1:2.
The training apparatus has handlebars 360 and 361 tiltable relative to the frame and linked to the crank device. A disc 362 is arranged off-centre to the crank device main axle 350 to provide an eccentric arrangement. A ring member 363 on a bar 363′ is rotatably placed round the disc 362. A rotation of the crank axle will make the disc 362 rotate and give a pulsating action to the bar 363′ which is hinged to a rod 364. The rod 364 has transverse axle piece 365 forming a link via two bar pieces 366 and 367 to the handlebars. The motion of the ring member 362 and bar 363′ makes the rod 364 move forward and backwards as indicated by arrow 368 and the movement is transferred to tilting motions of the handlebars 361 and 360, indicated by arrow 369.
The training apparatus according to a preferred embodiment of the invention can be provided with an adjustable mechanism, preferably automatically operated, for the variety of motions that can be provided by the invention. On the training apparatus shown in
The apparatus will also have a man machine interface device as explained above regarding
A training apparatus of this kind can also include a weight monitoring application within the system. This requires the training apparatus having weight scale technology means built in to the training apparatus. A weight measuring system can be put in relation to the frame and floor. Viewing back on
As described earlier together with
Position of the crank arms as shown in
The sun gear 386 is fixed to a lever 378, through a boss 403 shown on
As shown on
Shown on
As previously described above regarding
One of the main objects of the invention is to control the level of the foot supporting means. The above description has shown how to keep the platform at a static level throughout a revolving motion of the crank device. Further embodiment of the invention is achieving a motion where a toe and heel motion is achieved at each “end” positions of a path and motion.
The tilt motion with a lever to lock the tilt function is substantially the same as shown on
The crank device as shown in
As shown in
-
- paths of motion or style of training as: walking, running, climbing or skiing;
- individual adjustment of stride length, angle of path;
- level of resistance and other prior art adjustments regarding workout levels, caloric burn rates, heart rates/pulse etc. . . .
Other aspects of the invention regarding driving and braking force of the crank will now be explained with reference to
In the descriptive portion and the following claims foot supporting means or foot supports should be understood as applying to all kinds of pedals, pedal like devices, platforms and other devices for apparatus made for placing feet and stepping on or otherwise moving the feet for turning a crank like device.
The invention described can be subject to modification and variations without thereby departing from the scope of the inventive concept as disclosed with reference to the drawings and further stated in the attached claims. To the extent that certain functional elements can be replaced by other elements to enable the same function to be performed by the various embodiments disclosed, such technical equivalents are included within the scope of the invention.
Claims
1. An apparatus for physical exercise or training and with means which provide for a plurality of different workout options simulating human physical movements, comprising:
- an apparatus frame having a crank device mounted thereon, said crank device utilising cardanic motion,
- a pair of crank arms each comprised of at least two parts, a first part being an inner crank arm and a second part being an outer crank arm,
- an inner crank arm axle to which said inner crank arm is rotationally attached,
- a first gear forming a sun gear through which said inner crank arm axle rotatably extends, said first gear being fixedly attached to a crank device frame,
- a second gear rotatably attached to an outer end of the inner crank arm, said outer crank arm at one end fixedly attached to said second gear and at the other end carrying a foot support, said first and second gears having a transmission ratio of 2:1, and
- means connecting the first and second gears to enable the second gear to revolve around or along the first gear when human force leg force is applied to said foot support,
- a flywheel with or linked to movement braking means,
- a pair of handles stationary linked to the frame or movably linked to rotational movement means on the crank device to cause reciprocal movement of the handles; and
- a first distance defined to be between a foot support attachment location on the outer crank arm and a centre of the second gear being equal to or larger than a second distance defined to be between the centre of the second gear and inner crank axle or centre of the first gear.
2. An apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the foot supports have means for posture stabilisation thereof relative to the frame throughout a full movement path cycle of said foot supports.
3. An apparatus according to claim 2, wherein the crank device has means for adjusting location of the foot supports on the outer crank arm in the course of an ongoing workout session, so to change the size or character of a motion or path.
4. An apparatus according to claim 2, wherein the crank device has adjustment means for adjusting during an ongoing workout session an orbital or rectilinear path of said foot rests and its inclination relative to the horizontal.
5. An apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the crank device is operatively linked to a man machine interface system (MMI) and control device for user input and monitoring.
6. An apparatus according to claim 2, wherein the outer crank arm has means for stabilising the posture of the foot support relative to the frame when the foot support moves along a rectilinear or orbital path, said stabilising means comprising:
- a set of pulleys or gears rotationally attached on the outer crank arm, one pulley of gear of said set connected with the second gear on the inner crank arm and rotational movement transfer means for transferring movement to at least a further pulley or gear of said set at a 1:2 motion, a foot support attached to such further pulley or gear thereby being kept at specified posture relative to the crank device frame.
7. An apparatus according to claim 1, wherein there are means on the crank device for adjusting the attachment location of the foot support on the outer crank arm said outer crank arm having a number of selectable attachment locations along a length portion of the outer crank arm.
8. An apparatus according to claim 3, wherein said adjustment means includes an electric motor with gears and, or a hydraulic system with fluid cylinders.
9. An apparatus according to claim 4, wherein said adjustment means is adapted to rotationally adjust and lock the first gear relative to the frame.
10. An apparatus according to claim 9, wherein said adjustment means for the first gear comprises a lever fixedly attached to the first gear, said lever capable through movement thereof to rotate the first gear, said lever has a locking function for positionally stabilising the first gear relative to the frame.
11. An apparatus according to claim 4 wherein the foot supports are attached to the foot support attachment means on the outer crank arm, wherein said foot supports are caused to stay in an original oriented, e.g. horizontal, position throughout an operation cycle of the outer crank arm, wherein a first inner cog wheel is fixed to the frame, wherein the first inner cog wheel is operatively engaged with a second inner cog wheel by means of a chain, wherein the second inner cog wheel is fixed relative to a pulley or said second gear on the outer crank arm, said pulley or second gear being interactive with at least a further pulley or gear on the outer crank arm to provide said attachment means.
12. An apparatus according to claim 1, wherein a transfer ratio between said first inner cog wheel and the pulleys or gears to which the foot supports are attached is 1:1, wherein a transfer ratio between the first and second inner cog wheels is 2:1, and wherein a transfer ratio between said pulley or said second gear and said further pulley or gear on the outer crank arm is 1:2.
13. An apparatus according to claim 2, wherein the crank device comprises:
- a first cog wheel which is rotationally attached on the outer crank aim, the first cog wheel being connected with the second gear on the inner crank arm for transferring a 1:2 ratio motion to a second cog wheel on the outer crank arm through use of a chain, said second cog wheel having attachment means for the foot support, said the outer crank arm having a third cog wheel with alternative attachment means for the foot support, said third cog wheel linked to the second cog wheel with a chain at a transfer ratio 1:1.
14. An apparatus according to claim 2, wherein a first worm gear is rotationally fixed on the outer crank arm, stationary relative to the inner crank arm, to transferring a 4:1 motion to at least a second worm gear which in turn transfers a 1:8 motion to a third worm gear with attachment means for the foot support, the gear ratio between the first and third worm gears being a 1:2 ratio.
15. An apparatus according to claim 2, wherein the adjustment means comprise a first adjustment gear located relative to the crank device frame for receiving externally applied activating movements, said first adjustment gear connected to a second adjustment gear located on the inner crank arm, said second adjustment gear connected to a fourth adjustment gear through engagement with a third adjustment gear the fourth adjustment gear in a fixed attachment with a fifth adjustment gear which has a sixth adjustment gear unit connected to threaded bolts which in turn are connected to a foot supporting piece which is slidable relative to the outer crank arm.
16. An apparatus according to claim 2, wherein the foot supports have means for controlling their angle relative to the horizontal through a full cycle of movement path of the foot supports, wherein said controlling means consist of a third gear attached to the foot support axle, said third gear engaging a fourth gear attached to the outer crank axle through belt or chain, and wherein the fourth gear is fixed on an axle which extends through the inner crank arm to a fifth gear driven by a further chain or belt in engagement with a non-rotatable fifth gear on the frame.
17. An apparatus according to claim 2, wherein the foot supports have means for controlling their angle relative to the horizontal through full cycle of movement path of the foot supports, wherein said controlling means consist of a first conical gear attached to the pedal axle, said first conical gear engaging a second conical gear attached to the outer crank axle through a rigid or telescopic drive axle with conical gears at either end thereof, and wherein the second gear is fixed on an axle which extends through the inner crank arm to a third gear driven by a second chain or belt in engagement with a non-rotatable fourth gear on the frame.
18. An apparatus according to claim 2, wherein said foot supports are foot platforms or pedals provided with an actuable tilt function being transverse of movement direction of the foot support.
19. An apparatus according to claim 18, wherein the foot support is a platform is fixed to a supportive platform frame, wherein the frame is tiltable and fixedly attached to a body with an axle, tilt motion being limited by a bolt and a curved track, the curved track having at a location there-along an recess into which the bolt is forced by a spring, the bolt position being controlled by a lever which has two positions, the first position forcing the bolt into the curved track to give a tilt motion to the platform, and the second position relieving the force on the bolt to make the spring to force the bolt into the track recess.
20. An apparatus according to claim 2, wherein said foot support means are foot platforms or pedals with a toe-heel tilt function means providing tilt motion being parallel to movement direction of the foot support tilt motion occurring at transitional positions providing a change of foot support movement direction during a revolution of the crank arms.
21. An apparatus according to claim 20, wherein the foot support is a platform attachable to a platform frame which is hinged to a supportive body with a cylindrical room which comprise a cylinder attached to inside walls through use of bearings, the cylinder having a boss for stationary attachment to a crank arm, the boss and cylinder being hollow for a bolt stationary attached to the body, the bolt being made for attachment to a crank arm means for stabilising a momentary posture of the platform, platform frame having a circular hole with a peg and a spring, wherein a ring attached in an offset manner around the cylinder is located, and wherein a rotation of the crank keeps the platform at set posture, and wherein the cylinder rotates relative to the supportive body and platform frame, making the ring rocking the frame as result of the rotation of the ring and its contact with the peg and spring, the ring set at such angle that a rotation of the crank creates a tilt upwards of a toe end of the platform at the most forward position of the movement path of the foot support and a tilt upwards of the heel end of the platform at the rear position of the platform path.
22. An apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the crank device is connected to means of physical resistance, said means comprising a flywheel connected to a rotating part of the crank device by belt and pulleys, and wherein an eddy current brake system provides brake force to the flywheel.
23. An apparatus according to claim 2, wherein a centre crank axle is positioned through a first wheel having means to drive the flywheel, the flywheel positioned in a space between the inner crank arms and rotatable around the centre crank axle, said drive means being a second wheel tensioned to the first wheel through use of a second axle and connected to a third wheel operative with a belt or chain for distributing rotation of the crank to a fourth wheel on the flywheel.
24. An apparatus according to claim 2, wherein a centre crank axle is positioned through a first wheel having means to drive a flywheel positioned with its axis of rotation parallel to the first wheel, and wherein the drive means comprises a second wheel tensioned relative to the first wheel and attached to a second axle which is connected to a third wheel operative with a belt or chain for distributing rotation of the crank to a fourth wheel on the flywheel.
25. An apparatus according to claim 2, wherein said movement braking means capable of interacting on the flywheel for applying a braking or rotational speed retard force is electable from one of:
- a friction belt, a brake shoe unit, an electro magnetic device, and eddy-current based device.
26. An apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the crank device is connected to a flywheel providing physical resistance, the flywheel being connected to a rotating part of the crank device by means of belt and pulleys, and wherein an electric DC motor through use of adjustable power supply is able to provide either movement brake force or drive force to the flywheel.
27. An apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the crank device is connected to means for driving, said means comprising a motor connected to a rotating part of the crank device by belt and pulleys or directly with gears, and wherein an electric motor provides drive force to the crank arms.
28. An apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the apparatus has means for measuring, processing a display related to the weight of a user, weight scale technology means and related sensors being located at one of the following locations on the apparatus:
- apparatus floor supports;
- in a part of the frame which carries the main crank axle
- on foot supporting means.
29. An apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the apparatus has means for providing a tilt motion to a main five of the apparatus transversely of a longitudinal direction of the apparatus.
30. An apparatus according to claim 29, wherein the means for providing a tilt motion comprise a support with curved cross-section located underneath the frame between the frame and a floor on which the apparatus is placed and in said longitudinal direction, and spring means attached to the frame on either side of the support.
31. An apparatus according to claim 2, wherein one end of a pair of rods is connected to a circular, eccentrically moving part on the crank device, and wherein the other end of the rods are operative with a pair of said reciprocable handles, movement of said handles being continuously related to the operation of the crank device powered via pushing force applied to said foot supports.
32. An apparatus according to claim 31, characterized in that the rods operative with said the handles are connected to the crank device at a location between the inner crank arms thereof.
33. An apparatus according to claim 2, wherein the crank device has adjustment means for adjusting an orbital or rectilinear path of said foot rests and its inclination relative to the horizontal, the crank device tiltably attached to the frame, and wherein a threaded bolt linked to the frame keeps the crank device in position, turning of the bolt causing the crank device to be tilted.
34. An apparatus according to claim 33, wherein turning of the bolt is assisted by a motor, suitably via a drive gear.
35. An apparatus according to claim 5, wherein the size of the orbit or path of the foot supports is adjustable depending on speed of crank rotation and speed of foot support travel along the path, wherein the MMI system includes sensors and processing means, said system processing signals to actuate a motor or pump to adjust the location of foot supports on the outer crank arms.
36. An apparatus according to claim 5, wherein the size of the orbital or rectilinear path of the foot supports is adjustable by an apparatus user through use of a display provided with a keypad or touch screen.
37. A training or exercise apparatus according to claim 5, wherein the man machine interface (MMI) system has input, control and adjustment means related to one or more of:
- paths of motion or style of training related to walking, jogging, running, climbing or skiing;
- stride length,
- angle of orbital or rectilinear path relative to the horizontal;
- level of brake force acting on the flywheel,
- personal workout levels,
- caloric burn rates,
- heart or pulse rate,
- physical condition of user and
- weight and height.
38. An apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the frame has two crank devices utilising cardanic motion, wherein the outer crank arms are linked together for synchronised operation through use of connecting bars, said bars providing means for foot support.
39. An apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the frame has one crank device utilising cardanic motion and a second crank wheel, wherein outer crank arm on the crank device is articulated linked with a connecting bar which is slidably connected with slide means on the crank wheel, said bars forming means for foot support.
40. An apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the frame has one crank device utilising cardanic motion and a second crank wheel, wherein outer crank arm on the crank device is articulated and slidably linked to a connecting bar which is rotatably connected to the crank wheel, said bars forming means for foot support.
41. An apparatus according to claim 1, wherein outer crank arm on the crank device is articulated and slidably linked to a connecting bar, which is rotatably, connected a rear part of the apparatus frame, said bars forming means for foot support.
42. An apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the frame has one crank device utilising cardanic motion and a second crank wheel, and wherein outer crank arm on the crank device is articulated linked with a connecting bar, which is rotatably connected with the crank wheel, said member forming means for foot support.
43. An apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the crank device and the crank wheel have synchronised motion as regards rotation cycle period.
44. An apparatus according to claim 38, wherein a pair of handles is operatively linked to a forward end of the connecting bars, respectively, said pair of handles being pivoted to an upright member on the apparatus frame, whereby the handles exhibit a reciprocal tilting movement when the connecting bars move during a rotation cycle of said crank device(s).
45. A foot support for use with a stationary apparatus for physical exercise, said apparatus having a crank device with outer crank arms, wherein the foot support in one operational position is non-tiltable sideways relative to its crank caused direction of movement, and wherein the foot support in a second operational position is tiltable sideways relative to its crank caused direction of movement.
46. A foot support for use with an a stationary apparatus for physical exercise, said apparatus having a crank device with outer crank arms, wherein the foot support is a foot supporting platform interactive with posture control means in said crank device to retain the foot support in tan unchanged posture, e.g. horizontal, throughout an entire path cycle of the foot support.
47. A crank device for use with an apparatus for physical exercise, said crank device connectable to foot supports for a user in order to drive the crank device, said device comprising:
- a pair of crank arms each comprised of at least two parts, a first part being an inner crank arm and a second part being an outer crank arm,
- an inner crank arm axle to which said inner crank arm is rotationally attached,
- a first gear forming a sun gear through which said inner crank arm axle rotatably extends, said first gear being fixedly attached to a crank device frame,
- a second gear rotatably attached to an outer end of the inner crank, said outer crank arm at one end fixedly attached to said second gear and at the other end carrying said foot support, said first and seconds gears having a transmission ratio of 2:1, and means connecting the first and second gears to enable the second gear to revolve around or along the first gear when human force leg force is applied to said foot support, wherein a first distance defined to be between a foot support attachment point on the outer crank arm and a centre of the second gear is equal to or larger than a second distance defined to be between the centre of the second gear and inner crank axle or centre of the first gear.
48. A crank device according to claim 47, wherein said first gear is a sun gear, said first gear having means attached thereto for rotational positional adjustment relative to said crank device frame.
49. A crank device according to claim 47, wherein said means rotationally interconnecting said first and second gears comprises one of:
- at least two intermediate gears attached to said inner crank arm,
- a set of cog wheels interacting with chains or toothed belts,
- a set of pulleys and connected belts,
- at least a pair of conical gear units with interconnecting rigid or extendible.
50. A crank device according to claim 47, wherein the first gear is located in a housing and formed inwardly directed gear teeth, wherein the inner crank arm is at one end rotationally supported at a centre of the first gear and at the other end supporting the second gear to enable the second gear to rotate along the toothed inner perimeter of the housing forming said first gear, and wherein the outer crank arm being fixedly attached to the second gear has said first dimension substantially longer than the second dimension.
51. A crank device according to claim 50, wherein the ratio between said first dimension and said second dimension ranges from approximately 2:1 to 5:1.
52. A crank device according to claim 48, wherein said adjustment means for the first gear comprises a lever fixedly attached to the first gear, said lever capable through movement thereof to rotate the first gear, said lever has a locking function positionally stabilising the first gear relative to the frame.
53. A crank device according to claim 52, wherein the lever operable by means of a motor via a geared transmission, and wherein adjustment operation of the lever adjusts angle of motion and path described by said foot supports.
54. A crank device according to claim 47, wherein said foot supports are foot platforms or pedals provided with an actuable tilt function being transverse of movement direction of the foot support.
55. A crank device according to claim 47, wherein said foot support means are foot platforms or pedals with a toe-heel tilt function means providing tilt motion being parallel to movement direction of the foot support, tilt motion occurring at transitional positions providing a change of foot support movement direction during a revolution of the crank arms.
56. A crank device according to claim 47, wherein the outer crank arm has means for stabilising the posture of the foot support relative to the frame when the foot support moves along a rectilinear or orbital path, said stabilising means comprising:
- a set of pulleys or gears rotationally attached on the outer crank arm, one pulley or gear of said set connected with the second gear on the inner crank arm and rotational movement transfer means for transferring movement to at least a further pulley or gear of said set at a 1:2 motion, a foot support attached to such further pulley or gear thereby being kept at specified posture relative to the crank device frame throughout a full cycle of movement of the foot support.
57. A crank device according to claim 47, wherein the outer crank arm has means for stabilising the posture of the foot support relative to the frame when the foot support moves along a rectilinear or orbital path, said stabilising means comprising:
- a first cog wheel which is rotationally attached on the outer crank arm, the first cog wheel being connected with the second gear on the inner crank arm for transferring a 1:2 ratio motion to a second cog wheel on the outer crank arm through use of a chain, said second cog wheel having attachment means for the foot support, said the outer crank arm having a third cog wheel with alternative attachment means for the foot support, said third cog wheel linked to the second cog wheel with a chain at a transfer ratio 1:1.
58. A crank device according to claim 56, wherein a first worm gear is rotationally fixed on the outer crank arm, stationary relative to the inner crank arm, to transferring a 4:1 motion to at least a second worm gear which in turn transfers a 1:8 motion to a third worm gear with attachment means for the foot support, the gear ratio between the first and third worm gears being a 1:2 ratio.
59. A crank device according to claim 47, wherein the foot supports have means for controlling their angle relative to the horizontal through a full cycle of movement path of the foot supports, wherein said controlling means consist of a third gear attached to the foot support axle, said third gear engaging a fourth gear attached to the outer crank axle through belt or chain, and wherein the fourth gear is fixed on an axle which extends through the inner crank arm to a fifth gear driven by a further chain or belt in engagement with a non-rotatable fifth gear on the frame.
60. A crank device according to claim 47, wherein the foot supports have means for controlling their angle relative to the horizontal through full cycle of movement path of the foot supports, wherein said controlling means consist of a first conical gear attached to the pedal axle, said first conical gear engaging a second conical gear attached to the outer crank axle through a rigid or telescopic drive axle with conical gears at either end thereof, and wherein the second gear is fixed on an axle which extends through the inner crank arm to a third gear driven by a second chain or belt in engagement with a non-rotatable fourth gear on the frame.
61. A crank device according to claim 47, wherein the first dimension of the outer crank arms relative to the second dimension of the inner crank arms defines the size, shape and direction of foot supports movement path when set in motion.
62. A crank device according to claim 61, wherein the size of orbital or rectilinear path of the foot supports is defined as the relation between path length=PL and path height=PH, wherein the first dimension length of outer crank arm=OCAL, wherein the second dimension length of the inner crank arm=ICAL, and wherein the movement path of the foot supports is defined as a function of: PL=2×ICAL+2×OCAL and PH=2×OCAL−2×ICAL.
63. A crank device according to claim 62, wherein when OCAL>ICAL and when outer crank arms are set in motion, the foot supports provide the foot supports with an elliptical orbital path and with movement there along in an opposite movement direction of the inner crank arms and axle.
64. A crank device according to claim 62, the foot support motion will follow a straight line when OCAL=ICAL.
65. A crank device according to claim 47, wherein there are adjustment means on the crank device for adjusting on the outer crank arm the distance between attachment location for the foot support and location of attachment of the outer crank arm to the second gear, the adjustment means comprising one of:
- an electric motor on the outer crank arm with gears and/or threaded bolts
- a hydraulic system with fluid cylinders,
- a number of attachment locations along the length of the outer crank arm for selective attachment of the foot support.
66. A crank device according to claim 65, wherein the adjustment means comprise a first adjustment gear located relative to the crank device frame for receiving externally applied activating movements, said first adjustment gear connected to a second adjustment gear located on the inner crank arm, said second adjustment gear connected to a fourth adjustment gear through engagement with a third adjustment gear the fourth adjustment gear in a fixed attachment with a fifth adjustment gear which has a sixth adjustment gear unit connected to threaded bolts which in turn are connected to a foot supporting piece which is slidable relative to the outer crank arm.
67. A crank device according to claim 47, wherein the crank device is connected to means of physical resistance, said means comprising a flywheel connected to a rotating part of the crank device by belt and pulleys, and wherein an eddy current brake system provides brake force to the flywheel.
68. A crank device according to claim 54, wherein the foot support is a platform is fixed to a supportive platform frame, wherein the frame is tiltable and fixedly attached to a body with an axle, tilt motion being limited by a bolt and a curved track, the curved track having at a location there-along an recess into which the bolt is forced by a spring, the bolt position being controlled by a lever which has two positions, the first position forcing the bolt into the curved track to give a tilt motion to the platform, and the second position relieving the force on the bolt to make the spring to force the bolt into the track recess.
69. A crank device according to claim 55, wherein the foot support is a platform attachable to a platform frame which is hinged to a supportive body with a cylindrical room which comprise a cylinder attached to inside walls through use of bearings, the cylinder having a boss for stationary attachment to a crank arm, the boss and cylinder being hollow for a bolt stationarily attached to the body, the bolt being made for attachment to a crank arm means for stabilising a momentary posture of the platform, platform frame having a circular hole with a peg and a spring, wherein a ring attached in an offset manner around the cylinder is located, and wherein a rotation of the crank keeps the platform at set posture, and wherein the cylinder rotates relative to the supportive body and platform frame, making the ring rocking the frame as result of the rotation of the ring and its contact with the peg and spring, the ring set at such angle that a rotation of the crank creates a tilt upwards of a toe end of the platform at the most forward position of the movement path of the foot support and a tilt upwards of the heel end of the platform at the rear position of the platform's path.
70. A crank device for use with an apparatus for physical exercise, said crank device connectable to foot supports for a user in order to drive the crank device, said device comprising:
- a pair of crank aims each comprised of at least two parts, a first part being an inner crank arm and a second part being an outer crank arm,
- an inner crank arm axle to which said inner crank arm is rotationally attached,
- a first gear forming a sun gear through which said inner crank arm axle rotatably extends, said first gear being fixedly attached to a crank device frame,
- a second gear rotatably attached to an outer end of the inner crank arm, said outer crank arm at one end fixedly attached to said second gear and at the other end carrying said foot support, said first and seconds gears having a transmission ratio of 2:1, and
- means connecting the first and second gears to enable the second gear to revolve around or along the first gear when human force leg force is applied to said foot support,
- wherein the outer crank arm has means for stabilising posture of the foot support relative to the frame throughout a full cycle of a path followed by said foot support, said stabilising means comprising:
- a set of pulleys or gears rotationally attached to the outer arm, and linked with the inner crank arm for transferring a 1:2 motion ratio to the foot support to maintain said stabilised posture, and movement transferring means between said pulleys or gears.
71. A crank device according to claim 70, wherein a first cog wheel is rotationally attached on the outer crank arm, the first cog wheal being connected with the second gear on the inner crank arm for transferring a 1:2 motion to a second cog wheel on the outer crank arm through use of a chain, said second cog wheel having attachment means for the foot support, the outer crank arm having a third cog wheel with alternative attachment means for the foot support, said third cog wheel linked to the second cog wheal with a chain at transfer ratio 1:1.
72. A crank device according to claim 70, wherein a first worm gear is rotationally fixed on the outer crank arm, stationary relative to the inner crank arm, to transferring a 4:1 motion to at least a second worm gear which in turn transfers a 1:8 motion to a third worm gear with attachment means for the foot support, the gear ratio between the first and third worn gears being a 1:2 ratio.
73. A crank device according to claim 70, wherein the foot supports have means for controlling their angle relative to the horizontal through a full cycle of movement path of the foot supports, wherein said controlling means consist of a third gear attached to the foot support axle, said third gear engaging a fourth gear attached to the outer crack axle through belt or chain, and wherein the fourth gear is fixed on an axle which extends through the inner crank arm to a fifth gear driven by a further chain or belt in engagement with a non-rotatable fifth gear on the frame.
74. A crank device according to claim 70, wherein the foot supports have means for controlling their angle relative to the horizontal through full cycle of movement path of the foot supports, wherein said controlling means consist of a first conical gear attached to the pedal axle, said first conical gear engaging a second conical gear attached to the outer crank axle through a rigid or telescopic drive axle with conical gears at either end thereof, and wherein the second gear is fixed on an axle which extends through the inner crank arm to a third gear driven by a second chain or belt in engagement with a non-rotatable fourth gear on the frame.
75. A crank device according to claim 70, wherein there are adjustment means on the crank device for adjusting on the outer crank arm the distance between attachment location for the foot support and location of attachment of the outer crank arm to the second gear, the adjustment means comprising one of:
- an electric motor on the outer crank arm with gears and/or threaded bolts,
- a hydraulic system with fluid cylinders,
- a number of attachment locations along the length of the outer crank arm for selective attachment of the foot support.
76. A crank device according to claim 75, wherein the adjustment means comprise a first adjustment gear located relative to the crank device frame for receiving externally applied activating movements, said first adjustment gear connected to a second adjustment gear located on the inner crank arm, said second adjustment gear connected to a fourth adjustment gear through engagement with a third adjustment gear, the fourth adjustment gear in a fixed attachment with a fifth adjustment gear which has a sixth adjustment gear unit connected to threaded bolts which in turn are connected to a foot supporting piece which is slidable relative to the outer crank arm.
77. A crank device according to claim 70 where the first gear has means for a rotational positional setting adjustment relative to the frame.
78. A crank device according to claim 71, wherein said adjustment means for the first gear comprises a lever fixedly attached to the first gear, said lever capable through movement thereof to rotate the first gear, said and lever has a locking function positionally stabilising the first gear relative to the frame.
79. A crank device according to claim 70, wherein said foot supports are foot platforms or pedals provided with an actuable tilt function being transverse of movement direction of the foot support.
80. A crank device according to claim 79, wherein the foot support is a platform is fixed to a supportive platform frame, wherein the frame is tiltable and fixedly attached to a body with an axle, tilt motion being limited by a bolt and a curved track, the curved track having at a location there-along an recess into which the bolt is forced by a spring, the bolt position being controlled by a lever which has two positions, the first position forcing the bolt into the curved track to give a tilt motion to the platform, and the second position relieving the force on the bolt to make the spring to force the bolt into the track recess.
81. A crank device according to claim 70, wherein said foot support means are foot platforms or pedals with a toe-heel tilt function means providing tilt motion being parallel to movement direction of the foot support, tilt motion occurring at transitional positions providing a change of foot support movement direction during a revolution of the crank arms.
82. A crank device according to claim 81, wherein the foot support is a platform attachable to a platform frame which is hinged to a supportive body with a cylindrical room which comprise a cylinder attached to inside walls through use of bearings, the cylinder having a boss for stationary attachment to a crank arm, the boss and cylinder being hollow for a bolt stationarily attached to the body, the bolt being made for attachment to a crank arm means for stabilising a momentary posture of the platform, platform frame having a circular hole with a peg and a spring, wherein a ring attached in an offset manner around the cylinder is located, and wherein a rotation of the crank keeps the platform at set posture, and wherein the cylinder rotates relative to the supportive body and platform frame, making the ring rocking the frame as result of the rotation of the ring and its contact with the peg and spring, the ring set at such angle that a rotation of the crank creates a tilt upwards of a toe end of the platform at the most forward position of the movement path of the foot support and a tilt upwards of the heel end of the platform at the rear position of the platform's path.
83. A crank device according to claim 70, wherein the crank device is connected to means of physical resistance, said means comprising a flywheel connected to a rotating part of the crank device by belt and pulleys, and wherein an eddy current brake system provides brake force to the flywheel.
Type: Application
Filed: Dec 21, 2004
Publication Date: Dec 27, 2007
Applicant: Ziad Badarneh (Oslo)
Inventors: Ziad Badarneh (Oslo), Campbell Ellis (Oslo), Benedict Hansen (Oslo), Torbjorn Mollatt (Oppegard)
Application Number: 10/583,831
International Classification: A63B 22/08 (20060101);