Hinged derail with assisted manual lifting and method for constructing

Abstract

This invention relates to hinged derail assemblies used in the railroad industry as a safety device for derailing a wheel of an undesirably moving railed vehicle, such as a railroad freight car. The hinged derail assembly includes a base that is rigidly mounted on a pair of spaced railroad ties and is operatively positioned adjacent one rail of a pair of conventional railroad rails. A derail shoe is pivotally mounted on the derail base and is moveable between an operative or derailing position and an inoperative position when the derail shoe is moved away from the rail. When the derail shoe is on the rail, a deflecting member on the shoe is positioned to angularly deflect a wheel of the freight car or the like which is undesirably rolling along the rail. This causes the derailing of the wheeled vehicle and prevents harm to things or personnel in the area. In the present invention a biasing member, such as a torsion spring, is operatively secured to both the base of the hinged derail assembly and the derail shoe itself. The spring provides upward rotational force both when the derail shoe is in the inoperative position and in the operative position. This lifting force provides assistance to a worker in the manual lifting of the heavy derail shoe between both the operative and inoperative positions. The invention also relates to a method of constructing the hinged derail wherein the torsion spring is installed when the derail shoe is in a substantially upright position and when the spring is unstressed. In this way, the spring is in a stressed condition, that is, either in a wound condition or in an unwound position, to provide a lifting force for the operator whether the derail shoe is in the operative position or in the inoperative position.

Description

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

This invention relates generally to safety equipment, namely, derails, which are commonly used for derailing railed vehicles, particularly powered and non-powered railroad cars such as box cars, flat bed railroad cars and the like, which are undesirably moving along railroad tracks. More specifically, the invention relates to hinged derails which may be selectively positioned adjacent one of a pair of railroad tracks for movement between an operating position for engaging and derailing a wheel of an undesirably moving railroad car and an inoperative position for allowing a moving railroad car to pass by the derail without undesirably engaging and derailing the moving railroad car. This invention also relates to a method for constructing the hinged derail of the invention.

Derails of various types have been used for many years in the railroad industry, some derails being in excess of one hundred years old. Derails are commonly used as safety devices to prevent or limit unintended or undesired movement of a railroad car, such as a box car. Derails have been used extensively, such as along side rails adjacent to a main line track for railroad trains and in railroad yards where railroad cars are constantly being moved, such as between coupled positions and uncoupled positions. Typical derails are configured to be manually or automatically moveable between a retracted or inoperative position in which a deflecting block is disposed adjacent but away from a rail for allowing free movement of a railroad car past the derail and alternatively, at a deployed or operative position in which the deflecting block is positioned on top of and aligned with one of a conventional pair of railroad tracks for engaging and deflecting an oncoming wheel of an undesirably moving railroad car off the track. These derails cause the one wheel to be deflected and thereby the car to be deflected to a stopped, non-moving position so as to avoid injury to other equipment or to personnel.

Generally speaking, hinged derails include a deflecting block rigidly mounted on a derail shoe. The derail shoe is pivotal about a pivot axis, mounted on a base secured to a pair of railroad ties. Examples of such hinged derails may be seen, for example, in Hayes U.S. Pat. No. 988,190; Hayes U.S. Pat. No. 1,464,607; Hayes U.S. Pat. No. 1,627,092; Hayes U.S. Pat. No. 1,702,083; Hayes U.S. Pat. No. 2,430,567; Hayes U.S. Pat. No. 3,517,186; and Pease U.S. Pat. No. 6,178,893 B1.

In the operation of hinged derails, a derail shoe is pivoted between the retracted or inoperative position, which is spaced away from the railroad rail, and a deployed position or operative position where the deflecting block of the derail shoe is aligned generally on top of the rail. Proper alignment requires both lateral alignment and vertical alignment to a location on top of the rail with the deflecting block positioned to engage the leading wheel of an undesirably moving railroad car. The base of the derail is generally affixed to a pair of adjacent railroad ties of the type commonly used in the railroad industry, with attachment being accomplished generally by spikes driven through openings in the base into the ties. The base is mounted on the ties, in the area between a pair of rails in a position operatively adjacent to one of the rails.

Once the derail is in position, that is, affixed to the railroad ties, the installed derail is in a substantially permanent position. The derails are made of solid steel and are very heavy as they must derail a heavy, moving rail car. The pivoted derail shoe itself may weigh in the range of 80-120 pounds. Clearly, the heavy derail shoes are not easily manually rotated between operative and inoperative positions. In the inoperative position, the derail shoe, being pivotally mounted to the derail base, is deployed away from the adjacent rail in a substantially aligned position on the base in a position with the derail block facing downwardly and away from the rail so as to allow a moving railroad car to pass without being derailed. When desired, the railroad worker must manually lift the pivoted derail shoe in an upward circular motion and then rotate it downwardly into position with the deflecting block on the rail so the deflecting block will be in a position for engaging the wheel of a railroad car which is moving in an undesired manner. This means that the railroad worker must physically bend down and manually and rotatably lift the derail shoe about the pivot axis of the attachment to the base and move the derail shoe to the operative position on the rail. This action is physically difficult and can cause physical injury, such as to the back of the railroad worker. Similarly, when the derail shoe with the deflecting block is moved by the worker in the opposite direction, that is, from the deflecting or operative position to the inoperative position, the same problem occurs, that is the heavy derail shoe must be movably lifted and rotated in the opposite direction to the inoperative position. Again, the operator risks or may even encounter serious injury such as to the back.

Thus, there is a clear need for a hinged derail that significantly reduces the stress placed on an operator's back in rotationally moving the derail shoe both from the inoperative position to the operative position on the rail and from the operative position to the inoperative position. In addition, there is a need to provide forcible lifting assistance to the required manual lifting of the derail shoe without using expensive parts, and without adding weight to the already heavy derail shoe. Finally, there is a need to provide a method for constructing the hinged derail of this invention in an efficient and economical manner.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The above mentioned need for assistance in manually moving the derail shoe both from the inoperative position to the operative position and from the operative position to the inoperative position is accomplished by providing a biasing member on both the derail base and the derail shoe wherein the biasing member provides lifting assistance to the manual lifting of the shoe when the shoe is in both the operative position and the inoperative position. Preferably, a torsion spring is physically positioned around a pivot shaft which is mounted on the derail base and on the derail shoe and which provides a pivot axis for the derail shoe. One end of the torsion spring is secured to the base and the other end of the torsion spring is affixed to the derail shoe. More preferably, the design of the torsion spring is such that it provides lifting force for assistance to the worker to relieve stress on the worker when the derail shoe is lifted and rotated. This is accomplished by designing the torsion spring to be in a stressed condition, that is, in a wound condition or in an unwound condition, where the derail shoe is in the full operative position or in the full inoperative position. In one embodiment, where the derail shoe is relatively light in weight, the torsion spring is in a stressed, unwound condition when the derail shoe is positioned on the rail and is in a stressed, wound condition when the derail shoe is in the operative, off-rail position. In another embodiment, when the derail shoe is relatively heavy in weight, the torsion spring is in a stressed, unwound condition when the derail shoe is in the inoperative, off rail position and is in a stressed, wound condition when the derail shoe is in the operative, on rail position. The spring is designed to be in a substantially relaxed position when in a generally upright position. The operator thereby has the benefit of the lifting force of the torsion spring both when the spring is in the stressed, wound position and in the stressed, unwound position with the spring being substantially relaxed or unstressed in the upright position. The use of the torsion spring adds no weight to the pivoted derail shoe, requires no external assistance such as from a powerized source, and is of economical design. The method for manufacturing the hinged derail with the torsion spring enables the spring to provide the desired lifting force for assisting the worker when the derail is in both the operative position and in the inoperative position.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

The accompanying drawings are incorporated into and form part of the description of the invention. The drawings illustrate certain embodiments of the present invention and, together with the detailed description of the invention provided below, serve to explain and describe one preferred embodiment of the invention. The drawings are not to be construed as limiting the scope of the invention but are intended to assist in fully describing the invention.

Referring to the drawings:

FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a railroad worker moving the derail shoe of the derail, made in accordance with the invention, from the inoperative position to the operative position on top of a railroad rail;

FIG. 2 is perspective view of the derail of FIG. 1 with the derail shoe of the invention being positioned with the deflecting block positioned for engaging the wheel of an undesirably moving railroad car;

FIG. 3 is a perspective view, similar to FIG. 2, showing the derail shoe of the present invention being in the inoperative position with the deflecting block spaced away from the top of the rail;

FIG. 4 is a top plan view of the derail of the present invention with the derail shoe being in the operative position on top of the railroad rail;

FIG. 5 is an end elevational view of the derail shown in FIG. 4, as viewed from the pivot end of the derail;

FIG. 6 is a side elevational view of the derail of FIGS. 4 and 5 with the derail shoe being in an operative position on top;

FIG. 7 is a sectional view of the derail as viewed along line 7-7 of FIG. 5, showing the derail mounted on a rail; and

FIG. 8 is an illustrative drawing showing the derail shoe, in solid lines, when the torsion spring is in a substantially relaxed condition without biasing the derail shoe in either direction and also showing, in dotted lines, the positions of the derail shoe in both the inoperative position and in the operative position.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

Referring to FIG. 2, the derail assembly, generally 20, of the present invention is shown in the operative or derailing position, as will be described in more detail hereinafter. The derail assembly 20 includes a derail base, generally 22, which pivotally carries a derail shoe, generally 24. FIGS. 1-3 illustrate a pair of spaced railroad ties 26 of conventional construction, usually of wood or other material which can be penetrated by conventional railroad spikes. As shown in FIGS. 1-3, a section of a railroad rail, generally 28, in a conventional manner rests upon the outer portions of the railroad ties 26, transversely thereto. The rail 28 is of conventional steel construction and includes a lower rail flange 30 which rests upon the upper portion of the railroad ties 26, an upper rail flange 32 and a generally upright web 34 which unitarily interconnects the lower rail flange 30 with the upper rail flange 32.

Referring to FIG. 2, the derail assembly 20 is shown in the operative position. The derail assembly 20 is shown in the inoperative position in FIG. 3. In the operative position, the derail shoe 24 is operatively positioned on the upper surface of the upper flange 32 of the rail 28. Referring to FIG. 3, the derail shoe 24 of the derail 20 is pivotally mounted about a pivot shaft 36 which is spaced laterally inwardly from the rail 28 and is rigidly mounted on the derail base 22, as will be described hereinafter in greater detail.

A torsion spring member, generally 38, as seen in pictorial view in both FIGS. 2 and 3 provides upward biasing or lifting assistance to the operator when the operator manually lifts the derail shoe 24, when the derail shoe 24 is both in the inoperative position of FIG. 3, and in the operative position of FIG. 2. Specifically, the torsion spring 38 is designed to be in a stressed condition, that is, in the wound or unwound conditions when the derail 20 is in either the operative position (FIG. 2) or the inoperative position (FIG. 3).

Referring to FIGS. 2-6, the derail base 22 of the present invention is generally of welded steel construction. The derail base 22 includes a pair of spaced horizontal plates 40, each of which rests upon the upper surface of each of the spaced railroad ties 26. The horizontal plates 40 include multiple apertures 43, as seen in hidden view in FIG. 5, for allowing the passage of multiple railroad spikes 42 which are driven into the spaced railroad ties 26, in a conventional manner to secure the assembly 20 in place on the ties 26. The inner facing edges of the horizontal plates 40 each have upright, rigid support flanges 44 mounted thereon, as by welding. The outer faces of the flanges 44 project towards and bear against the inner facing edges of the railroad ties 26 and provide added positioning support for preventing rotational and transverse movement of the derail base 22 and the derail assembly 20 when positioned on the ties 26 and adjacent the rail 28. The upright flanges 44 each include a unitary projection 46, having upwardly angled lower portions, which project towards the rail 28. An angled cross support 48 is rigidly welded to the under portions of the projections 46 of the upright flanges 44. The angled cross support 48 extends for the entire width of the derail base 22 and is positioned against the upper face of the lower flange 30 of the rail 28. The angled support 48 is also welded to the inner facing edges of the horizontal plates 40 of the derail base 22.

A rigid support rod 50 is welded to the outermost portions of the upright flanges 44. The support rod 50 provides added rigid strengthening for the derail base 22. Preferably, the support rod 50 is in general alignment with the horizontal plates 40. In order to provide further support for the base 22, a pair of support blocks 52 are welded to the upper surface of each horizontal plate 40 and to the outer face of each of the upright flanges 44. Each block 52 is rigidly positioned just below the pivot shaft 36. In summary, the derail base 22 is of heavy duty, rigid, construction and design accomplished by the spaced horizontal plates 40, the upright flanges 44, the angled flange 48, and the support rod 50. The derail assembly 20 is securely positioned against the rail 28 once the spikes 42 are driven through the apertures 41 provided in the horizontal plates 40.

Referring to the perspective views FIGS. 2 and 3, the pivotal derail shoe 24, like the base 22, is of welded steel construction. The derail shoe 24 includes a horizontal deflecting plate 54 which is designed to rest upon the upper surface of the upper flange 32 of the rail 28 when in the operative, derailing position, as seen in FIG. 2. Specifically, the lower surface of the deflecting plate 54, when in the operative position, bears against the upper rail flange 32. A deflecting bar 56 is mounted by welding onto the upper surface 58 of the deflecting plate 54, as seen when the derail shoe is in the operative position of FIG. 2.

As seen in FIG. 4, the deflecting bar 56 is angled, as in a range of 11 degrees to 28 degrees from left to right, along and relative to the center line of the upper surface of the upper rail flange 32. When a rail car is undesirably moving along the rail 28, a wheel (not shown) of a railroad car (not shown) will be deflected off the rail 28. This derailing action thereby derails and stops the undesired movement of the car. It is to be understood that such deflecting bars may also be angled in the opposition direction, that is, in case of movement of a railcar in the opposite direction, as from right to left in FIG. 2. Furthermore, double ended derails, such as seen in U.S. Pat. No. 6,202,564, are designed to deflect a runaway rail car moving in either direction along a set of rails. An added support block 60 is welded to the deflecting plate 54 and abutting against the deflecting bar 56 to provide added rigidifying support for maintaining the angled position of the deflecting bar 56 on the upper surface of the rail 28, as the wheel of an undesirably moving heavy rail car strikes the deflecting plate 54 and the angled deflecting bar 56.

A pair of spaced upright side plates 62 are rigidly mounted, as by welding on the under surface of the deflecting plate 54, as viewed when the deflecting plate 54 is in the position of FIG. 2. The laterally spaced side plates 62 are rigidly interconnected by a front cross brace 64 and a spaced rear cross brace 66, as viewed in FIG. 2. The front brace 64 and the rear brace 66 are each interconnected, by welding, to the inner faces of the spaced side plates 62. Another cross support brace 69 is welded to the top edges of the side plates, as viewed in FIG. 3. The side plates 62 and thereby the entire derail shoe 24, are pivotally carried on the pivot shaft 36 which is rigidly mounted on the base 22. The pivot shaft 36 is secured, as by welding, at its opposite ends to the flanges 44. The torsion spring 38 is mounted on the shaft 36 at the time of construction.

The provision of the torsion spring 38 on the pivot shaft 36, as described herein, provides the desired assistance to manual lifting of the derail shoe 24. One problem with prior manually operated hinged derails is that the manual lifting of the heavy derail shoe 24 can cause injury, particularly back injuries to the worker. Generally, prior derail shoes 24 of the type used in the railroad industry may weigh 80-120 pounds. The present derail 20 provides a convenient lift handle 68 for the operator to more easily grip the shoe 24. The handle 68 is fixed to the central outer portion of the deflecting plate 54 of the derail shoe 24. The operator must manually lift and pivot the derail shoe 24 upwardly between both the operative and inoperative positions of FIG. 2 and FIG. 3 respectively. The derail shoe 24 is the heaviest when it is completely on the rail, that is in the operative position, or off rail, that is, in the inoperative position. The weight of the shoe 24 is concentrated at its center of gravity which is horizontally farthest away from the pivot axis 36 when the shoe 24 is in the operative and inoperative positions.

During construction of the derail assembly 20, the torsion shaft 36 is passed through the spring 38. The shaft 36 thereby passes through the torsion spring 38 and also passes through the apertures provided in the upright support plates 62 and flanges 44. The outer ends of the shaft 36 are then securely mounted by welding in the openings provided in the upright flanges of the base 22. As seen best in FIGS. 6, 7 and 8, one substantially straight projecting end 67 of the torsion spring 38 is positioned in an aperture 70 on the near cross brace 66 of the derail shoe 24. As seen in FIGS. 4, 5, 7 and 8, a cylindrical support member 72 is rigidly secured, as by welding, to the support rod 50 of the derail base 22. The support member 72 faces angularly upwardly and inwardly and includes a central aperture 74 which receives the opposite substantially straight projecting end 76 of the torsion spring 38. The spring 38 is thereby operatively secured at both ends 67 and 76 to the derail base 22 and to the pivoted derail base 24.

The torsion spring 38 is installed on the pivot shaft 36, when the pivoted derail shoe 24 is in the generally upright position, as shown in FIG. 8, when the center of gravity of the shoe is substantially directly above the pivot shaft 36. At this rotated position, the derail shoe 24 can be readily held in this generally upright position which is the approximate balance point of the shoe 24 pivotally carried on the base 22. The torsion spring 38 is passed around the pivot shaft 36. As previously described, the pivot shaft 36 is then passed through the openings in the upright flanges 44 of the derail shoe 24. The pivot shaft 36 is rigidly secured, as by welding, within the openings provided in the derail base 22. The shoe 24 is then pivotal relative to the base 22.

In further explanation, the torsion spring 38 is installed when in the solid line position of the upright derail shoe 24 shown in FIG. 8. The spring 38 is in an unstressed condition, because the center of gravity of the shoe is above the pivot axis of the shaft 36. When the shoe is pivoted to the inoperative position (FIG. 3) or to the operative position (FIG. 2), the spring 38 is in the wound or unwound position, that is, the spring is stressed. The torsion spring 38 tends to return to its unstressed condition when in either position. However, the weight of the derail shoe 24 is designed so as to not allow the spring 38 to move the shoe up to an unstressed condition. The stressed spring 38 thereby exerts a lift force against the derail shoe 24 in both positions but the torsion spring 38 and the weight of the shoe 24 are coopertively designed to keep the shoe down in both the operative and inoperative positions.

In the drawings, a lighter weight derail, as about 95 pounds, is shown and the torsion spring 38 is in a wound, stressed condition when the block or shoe 24 is on the rail 28 as seen in FIG. 2 and is in an unwound, stressed condition when the spring 38 is in the off the rail position of FIG. 3. As most preferred, when the derail shoe 24 is on the rail 28 the weight of the shoe 24, such as about 95 pounds, overpowers the lift force of the stressed, unwound spring and the effort to lift the shoe 24 with the handle 68 is only approximately 15-20 pounds. Without the spring 38, the lift force would be at least 30-50 pounds. As the block 24 is further rotated to the off rail position, the spring 38 winds to the stressed, wound condition, increasing its potential energy. The weight of the block 24 overcomes the stressed spring. The lifting effort of the derail shoe 24 from off rail to on rail is also in the 15-20 pound range. In one embodiment, for example, when the weight of the shoe is lighter in weight and is approximately 95 pounds, the specifications of the spring 38 are as follows:

Torsion Cylind	Close Wound Chrome Vanadium	Round
Wire Dia (in)	0.3310	Mean Dia (in)	1.5790 ± .032	Active Coils	11.2383
Rate (#-in/deg)	5.2195	Inside Dia (in)	1.2480	Total Coils	11.2383
Spring Index C	4.7704	Outside Dia (in)	1.9100	Active Legs (in)	0.0000
Nat Preg (Hz)	94.9118	Min I.D. (in)	1.2081	Addl Feed (in)	0.0000
		Body Length (in)	4.0509	Devel Lngth (in)	55.7482
		Max Bdy Len (in)	4.1474	Weight (lbs)	1.3624
	Free	Point 1	Point 2
Moment Arms (in)
Force at Arm (lbs)
Moment (#-in)
Angle (deg)	265.7702
Deflection (deg)
UNK Stress (psi)
UNK Stress % of MTS

The specifications for the spring 38, as would be apparent to one skilled in the art, vary depending on the weight of the derail shoe 24. In another embodiment, for example, when the weight of a shoe is heavier in weight and is about 110 pounds, the specifications of the spring are as follow:

Torsion Cylind	Close Wound Chrom Vanadium	Round
Wire Dia (in)	0.4060	Mean Dia (in)	1.7300 + .032	Active Coils	13.2300
Rate (#-in/deg)	9.1600	Inside Dia (in)	1.3240	Total Coils	13.2300
Spring Index C	4.2611	Outside Dia (in)	2.1360	Active Legs (in)	0.0000
Nat Preg (Hz)	82.3814	Min I.D. (in)	1.2867	Addl Feed (in)	0.0000
		Body Length (in)	5.7774	Devel Lngth (in)	71.9045
		Max Bdy Len (in)	5.8958	Weight (lbs)	2.6437
	Free	Point 1	Point 2
Moment Arms (in)
Force at Arm (lbs)
Moment (#-in)
Angle (deg)	262.8000
Deflection (deg)
UNK Stress (psi)
UNK Stress % of MTS

More specifically, the method of manufacturing the derail assembly 20 is as follows relative to the assembly of the torsion spring 38 on the assembly 20 as described. The derail shoe 24 is inserted into the base assembly 22. The pivot shaft 36 is passed through one side of the support flange 44 of the base 22 and then into the plate 62 of the derail shoe 24. At this time, the end 67 of the torsion spring 38 is inserted into the aperture 70 of the rear cross brace 66 of the shoe 24. The pivot shaft 36 is then passed in the same direction through the center of the torsion spring 38. The end 67 of the spring 38 is positioned in the brace 66 and then the pivot shaft 38 is passed through the opposite side plate of the shoe 24. The pivot shaft 36 is lined up with the aperture in the support flange 44 and the end of the pivot shaft 36 is inserted into the support flange 44. The pivot shaft 36 is then welded at both ends to the support flange 44 of the base 22. The aperture 74 of the cylindrical support member 72 is then slid over the straight projecting end 76 at the torsion spring 38. The derail shoe 22 is then pivoted upwardly approximately 65 degrees to a point where the derail shoe balances at its center of gravity relative to the pivot shaft 36. The spring 38 is unstressed when the derail shoe 24 is balanced. The final method of assembly is to then secure, as by welding, the cylindrical support member 72 to the support rod 50 at the base 22. The spring 38, being unstressed in the upright, balanced condition of the derail shoe 24, comes into a stressed condition, that is, in a wound or unwound condition, when the shoe 24 is in either the operational position or the unwound position.

Referring again to FIG. 8, the dotted line views show the position of the derail block 24 in the operative position as well as in the inoperative position. As described and as shown in the drawings, there is approximately a 65 degree angle from the horizontal when a relatively light in weight derail shoe 24 is in the solid line position, that is, when the torsion spring is unstressed. Rotating the lighter derail shoe approximately 65 degrees to the on rail position unwinds the spring 38 and the spring 38 stores the strain energy for assisting in rotating the derail off the rail 28 when desired. In the opposite direction, which is from the 65 degree position of FIG. 8 to the hidden line, off rail position shown in FIG. 8, the lighter shoe 24 is approximately 105 degrees from the horizontal. Moving the shoe 24 to the inoperative position of FIG. 8 causes the spring 38 to store the strain energy and winds the spring. The strain energy thereby assists in rotating the lighter derail shoe to the on rail position of FIG. 2 from the off rail position of FIG. 3.

While in the foregoing there has been provided a detailed description of a preferred embodiment of the present invention, it should be recognized to those skilled in the art that the described embodiment may be altered or amended without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined in the accompanying claims.

Claims

1. A hinged derail assembly for derailing a wheel of a wheeled railed vehicle, the derail assembly being mounted on and between two rail ties and being selectively positioned adjacent one rail for accomplishing said derailing of undesired movement of the wheeled vehicle, said derail assembly comprising:

a base rigidly secured to said rail ties;

a derail shoe pivotally mounted on said base for manual movement between an operative, derailing position and an inoperative position, said derail shoe having a derail member positioned on said rail when in the operative position on said rail for deflecting said wheel from rolling on said rail and for thereby derailing said wheeled vehicle; and

a biasing member operatively secured to both said base and said derail shoe for biasing said derail shoe in a substantially upward rotational direction for forcibly assisting in the manual lifting movement of said derail shoe both from the inoperative position to the operative derailing position and from the operative derailing position to the inoperative position.

2. The derail assembly of claim 1 wherein said biasing member is a spring member having a first end and a second end, means on said base for receiving said first end of said spring member, and means on said derail shoe for receiving said second end of said biasing member.

3. The hinged derail assembly of claim 2 wherein said spring member is a torsion spring, a rigid pivot shaft being mounted on said base, said spring member being mounted on said pivot shaft and said derail shoe being pivotally mounted on said pivot shaft for pivotal movement between the operative and inoperative positions.

4. The derail assembly of claim 3 wherein said torsion spring is selectively in a wound condition or an unwound condition when said derail assembly is in said operative position or in said inoperative position.

5. A method for constructing a derail assembly for derailing a wheel of a wheeled railed vehicle, said derail assembly being of the type which includes a derail base, a derail shoe pivotally mounted on said about a pivot shaft for manual movement between an operative position for derailing said wheel and an inoperative position, said method comprising the steps of:

providing a biasing member having first and second ends for biasing said derail shoe in a substantially upward rotational direction for forcibly assisting in the manual lifting movement of said derail shoe both from said inoperative position to the said operative position and from the said operative position to the said inoperative position;

providing a rigid member for receiving said second end of said biasing member;

positioning said biasing member on said pivot shaft;

receiving said first end of said biasing member on said derail shoe;

pivoting said derail shoe to a substantially upright and balanced condition relative to pivot shaft and above said derail base while maintaining said biasing member in an unstressed condition;

securely positioning said second end of said biasing member on said rigid member while continuing to maintain said biasing member in an unstressed condition; and

rigidly securing said rigid member to said derail base while continuing to maintain said biasing member in an unstressed condition which in said substantially upright and balanced condition.

6. The method of claim 5 including the further step of positioning said derail shoe in the operative position and simultaneously causing said biasing member to be in a stressed condition to assist in the manual movement of said derail shoe from the operative position to the inoperative position.

7. The method of claim 5 including the further step of positioning said derail shoe in the inoperative position and simultaneously causing said biasing member to be in a stressed condition to assist in the manual movement of said derail shoe from the inoperative position to the operative position.

8. The method of claim 5 including the step of providing a torsion spring as the biasing member and positioning said torsion spring around said pivot shaft.