Sink with tri-mountable sink rim
This invention is a novel sink rim that is readily adaptable to mounting by conventional drop in, under mount and flush mount methods. By incorporating a thicker and wider outwardly extending peripheral mounting flange, a tri-mountable sink rim is created. Having a flat surface on both the upper and lower surfaces of the outwardly extending peripheral mounting flange, the rim may be mounted as a drop in or an under mount sink assembly. By welding the separate pieces to form the sink assembly, substantially square exterior edges (of from about 85 to about 95 degrees, preferably from about 89 to about 91 degrees) are formed. These square exterior edges, as opposed to rolled or beveled edges, create a truly flush mountable rim, overcoming the limitations of prior art sinks. The additional thickness and width of the outwardly extending peripheral mounting flange provide adequate support for the sink assembly when flush mounted.
This invention relates to sinks, and more particularly to sink rims that can be mounted by under mount, drop in and flush mount methods.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTIONSinks are ubiquitous fixtures in both commercial and residential kitchens and bathrooms. Modern sinks add both functionality and esthetic appeal with designer sinks being manufactured from many materials and in many artistic designs. In the current marketplace, stainless steel sinks are particularly desirable. Most applications utilize fairly standard sized sink fixtures and cabinets to accommodate the limitations of existing spaces and to reduce the cost of pure custom designed furniture and plumbing work.
In recent years, countertops and sinks have developed into an important architectural feature of the kitchen. Materials used for countertops have expanded, as well as the artistic fashion in which sinks and countertops are engaged with one another. The variety and flexibility of component parts is increasingly demanded by designers and users.
Residential kitchen and bathroom sinks are often installed in cabinets. Three ways of mounting a residential kitchen sink are known in the industry and are described with reference to the relationship between the sink rim and the cabinet countertop: drop in, under mount and flush mount. As will be explained below, Applicant believes that prior art stainless steel sinks may only be mounted by drop in or under mount methods.
Applicant believes that true flush mount sinks are only available as custom designed pieces and not readily available as “off the shelf” consumable products. This is particularly true with respect to stainless steel sinks. Prior art sinks have a rim or flange that is flat, thin and narrow with rounded edges. These physical features do not allow for true flush mounting.
Drop in sinks are self-rimming sink units where the sink is set through a pre-cut hole in the countertop. The flange or lip around the sink provides a substantial portion of the support. The sink is secondarily held in place with clips that install from below. Under mount sinks are mounted from beneath the counter with no flange or lip showing. The sink is held in place with adhesive as the primary securing means. The adhesive bonds the top surface of the flange to the bottom surface of the countertop. Screws and clips that install from below the countertop add a secondary securing means. Flush mount sinks are designed to mount evenly with the counter top and often comprise a narrower support flange than the self-rimming sink designs. Screws and clips may be used to help secure the sink in place.
Drop in sink designs are easiest to install, but have at least one distinct and well-known disadvantage. At the juncture between the sink flange and the countertop, a silicone or other sealing compound is used to prevent infiltration of water and other liquids below the countertop through the cutout. This sealing compound tends to trap debris and is difficult to clean, creating a sanitary hazard and unsightly appearance. For this reason, in addition to esthetic preferences, under mount and flush mount designs are often preferred.
Prior art sinks are generally mountable in only one of the three methods (drop in, under mount or flush mount). Some “hybrid” prior art sinks may be mounted via two of the three methods, often requiring additional kits to adapt to a second mount style. Applicant believes there are no prior art sinks adaptable to mounting via drop in, under mount and flush mount. Attempts to adapt prior art sinks to multiple mounting methods have proven unsatisfactory. Commonly encountered problems include improper seating of the flange in the pre-cut countertop, gaps between the flange and the countertop and insufficient flange support for the weight of the basin.
In particular, materials and conventional sink manufacturing methods have inherent limitations on the suitability of many sink designs for flush mounting. For example, stainless steel sinks are traditionally stamped from sheet metal or punched from a mould, resulting in rounded or beveled edges. This rounded edge feature creates undesirable gaps between the edges of the sink and the countertop when flush mounted. As such, Applicant believes that stainless steel sinks are only available for drop in or under mounting. With these inherent limitations of the prior art, it is desirable to provide a sink unit, especially one manufactured from stainless steel, with a novel rim that is adapted to be mounted in all three manners.
Manufacturers would benefit from the production of a single tri-mountable design rather than two or three mount-specific designs. Distributors would benefit from a reduced inventory load to meet the needs of its customers, as well as the hassle, delays and financial losses for incorrect prediction of the demand for various mount styles of a particular sink design. Designers and installers would benefit from the ability to make field changes in the mount configuration without having to worry about the need for replacement sinks units with the correct mount configuration. Homeowners would benefit from the ability to remodel a kitchen or bathroom with new countertops, while re-using the sink unit. Dramatically different looks could be achieved with same component part, saving money and making remodeling projects more affordable and practical to implement.
It is an object of this invention to provide a sink rim and sink assembly which are closely matched to the requirements of household use to provide the functions of a sink, additionally, being versatile and readily adaptable to different mounting methods, without change in manufacturing technology, or manufacturing tools; and which is simple to make and of light weight, so that it can be easily manufactured and installed, for example, in a standard sink cabinet.
It is an object of this invention to provide a novel sink rim and sink assembly that are readily adaptable to mounting by conventional drop in, under mount and flush mount methods.
It is yet another object of this invention to provide a relatively simple sink assembly and novel sink rim that are economical for mass production from the viewpoint of the manufacturer and consumer, thereby making it economically available to the buying public.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTIONIn accordance with this invention, there is provided a tri-mountable sink assembly comprising a sink basin and an outwardly extending peripheral mounting flange, wherein said outwardly extending peripheral mounting flange comprises a generally rectangular shaped frame surrounding and outwardly protruding a distance of from about one-half to about six inches from the downwardly depending basin walls and disposed horizontally therefrom, wherein said outwardly extending peripheral mounting flange is adapted to be mounted in a countertop by flush mount, under mount and drop in methods, and wherein the quotient of a thickness of said downwardly depending basin walls divided by a thickness of said peripheral mounting flange is from about 0.08 to about 0.54.
In accordance with this inventor is also provided a novel sink rim comprising an outwardly extending peripheral mounting flange having a thickness of from about 0.2031 to about 0.4687 inches, wherein said outwardly extending peripheral mounting flange comprises a generally rectangular shaped frame surrounding and outwardly protruding a distance of from about one-half to about 6.0 inches from a sink basin and is adapted to be mounted in a countertop by flush mount, under mount and drop in methods.
Applicant's novel sink rim provides a true flush mount sink assembly that can be manufactured on a mass-scale and sold “off the shelf” to contractors and home owners.
Applicant's novel sink rim provides a stainless steel sink assembly that can be flush mounted in a countertop.
Applicant's novel sink rim provides a sink assembly that can be interchangeably mounted in a countertop by any one of three ways: drop in, under mount and flush mount.
Whereas there may be many embodiments of the present invention, each embodiment may meet one or more of the foregoing recited objects in any combination. It is not intended that each embodiment will necessarily meet each objective.
Thus, having broadly outlined the more important features of the present invention in order that the detailed description thereof may be better understood, and that the present contribution to the art may be better appreciated, there are, of course, additional features of the present invention that will be described herein and will form a part of the subject matter of the claims appended to this specification.
In this respect, before explaining at least one embodiment of the invention in detail, it is to be understood that the invention is not limited in its application to the details of construction and the arrangements of the components set forth in the following description or illustrated in the drawings. The present invention is capable of other embodiments and of being practiced and carried out in various ways. Also it is to be understood that the phraseology and terminology employed herein are for the purpose of description and should not be regarded as limiting.
The invention will be described by reference to the specification and the drawings, in which like numerals refer to like elements, and wherein:
The drawings are not to scale, in fact, some aspects have been emphasized for a better illustration and understanding of the written description.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF A PREFERRED EMBODIMENT OF THE INVENTIONThe novel sink assembly and sink rim of this invention are adaptable to be mounted via three conventional mounting methods: drop in, under mount and flush mount. The features of the sink rim and sink assembly described herein render them more versatile than sink assemblies and sink rims of the prior art.
Referring to
As used in this specification, basin shall mean a basin-like, water impervious container that facilitates the collection of liquids, solids, and the like. It is to be understood and within the scope of this invention that a basin of this invention takes many shapes and sizes in various embodiments. By way of illustration, but not limitation, a basin of this invention may be a single basin, a double basin, a triple basin and the like.
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In one embodiment, outwardly extending peripheral mounting flange 102 and basins 106, 108 are metallurgically integral at their contiguous points of contact, thereby creating said unitary sink unit. In one aspect of this embodiment, welding is used to fixedly engage said contiguous points of contact.
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In one aspect of the embodiment depicted in
In a preferred embodiment, said downwardly depending basin walls 118, 120, 122, 124, 126, 128, 130, 132 and base members 138, 140 comprise type 304 stainless steel having a thickness of from about 12 to about 20 gauge (from about 0.0375 to about 0.1094 inches) as measured on the United States standard scale for plate (iron and steel). In one aspect of such embodiment, said downwardly depending basin walls 120, 122, 124, 126, 128, 130, 132 comprise type 304 stainless steel having a thickness of from about 16 to about 18 gauge (from about 0.05 to about 0.0625 inches) as measured on the United States standard scale for plate (iron and steel).
In one aspect of the embodiment depicted in
In a preferred embodiment, said outwardly extending peripheral mounting flange 102 comprises type 304 stainless steel having a thickness of from about 6 to about 6/0 gauge (from about 0.2031 to about 0.4687 inches) as measured on the United States standard scale for plate (iron and steel). In one aspect of such embodiment, said outwardly extending peripheral mounting flange 102 comprises type 304 stainless steel having a thickness of from about 0.23 inches to about 0.26 inches (substantially about 3 gauge) as measured on the United States standard scale for plate (iron and steel). In one aspect, said outwardly extending peripheral mounting flange 102 comprises type 304 stainless steel having a thickness of from about 0.23 inches to about 0.6 inches. In one preferred embodiment, said outwardly extending peripheral mounting flange 102 comprises type 304 stainless steel having a thickness of about one-half inches.
Applicant believes that this novel thickness of the outwardly extending peripheral mounting flange provides several functional advantages. The thickness permits the sink rim to be flush mounted. Prior art stainless steel sinks with thinner and narrower outwardly extending peripheral mounting flanges cannot adequately support the weight of the sink basin in a flush mounted configuration. The thicker outwardly extending peripheral mounting flange overcomes this limitation of the prior art.
Additionally, whereas most stainless steel sinks are punched during the manufacturing process to form the basin and flange, the entire sink assembly comprises a single steel type and thickness. The rim is generally quite narrow. Additionally, the exterior edges have a beveled, rolled or rounded configuration. In contrast, Applicant's novel sink assembly comprises six separate pieces of steel welded together to form a basin and the outwardly extending peripheral mounting flange. By incorporating a thicker and wider outwardly extending peripheral mounting flange, a tri-mountable sink rim is created. Having a flat surface on both the upper and lower surfaces of the outwardly extending peripheral mounting flange, the sink rim and/or sink assembly may be mounted as a drop in or an under mount sink assembly.
Additionally, Applicant's novel sink rim may be flush mounted. By welding the separate pieces to form the sink assembly, substantially square exterior edges (of from about 85 to about 95 degrees, preferably from about 89 to about 91 degrees) are formed. These square exterior edges, as opposed to rolled or beveled edges, create a truly flush mountable sink rim, overcoming the limitations of prior art sinks. The additional thickness and width of the outwardly extending peripheral mounting flange provide adequate support for the sink assembly when mounted. The square exterior edges of the tri-mountable sink rim eliminate the gaps created by the beveled/rolled edges of the prior art sink rims.
The unique structural design of Applicant's novel sink rim incorporates three flat surfaces and a square exterior edge of the outwardly extending peripheral mounting flange. The flat upper surface of the outwardly extending peripheral mounting flange facilitates under mounting. The flat lower surface, in combination with the width of the outwardly extending peripheral mounting flange, facilitate drop in mounting. The remaining flat vertical surface, in combination with the square exterior edge, novel thickness, and width of the outwardly extending peripheral mounting flange, facilitate flush mounting.
In one preferred embodiment, said tri-mountable sink assembly 100 comprises a chromium-nickel stainless steel selected from the AISI/SAE 300 series of stainless steels. In another embodiment, said tri-mountable sink assembly 100 comprises a chromium-nickel-manganese alloy stainless steel selected from the AISI/SAE 200 series of stainless steels. Other standardized steels that are used in the manufacture of tri-mountable sink assembly 100 include, but are not limited to, ASTM/AISI steel types 304L, 304LN, 304, 304H and the like. Other standardized steels that are used in the manufacture of tri-mountable sink assembly 100 include, but are not limited to, EN-standard steel types 1.4307, 1.4306, 1.4311, 1.4301, 1.4948, and the like.
In one embodiment, said tri-mountable sink assembly 100 comprises an alloy containing from about 11 to about 30 weight per cent of iron and from about 10.5 to about 30 weight per cent of chromium.
In one embodiment, said tri-mountable sink assembly 100 comprises an alloy containing from about 11 to about 30 weight per cent of iron; from about 10.5 to about 30 weight per cent of chromium; and other alloying elements selected from the group consisting of nickel, molybdenum, copper, titanium, aluminum, silicon, nobium, nitrogen, sulphur, selenium and combinations thereof.
In one embodiment, said tri-mountable sink assembly 100 comprises an austenitic stainless steel alloy containing from about 11 to about 30 weight per cent of iron, from about 16 to about 26 weight per cent of chromium, and from about 8 to about 22 weight per cent of nickel. In a preferred embodiment, said tri-mountable sink assembly 100 comprises an austenitic stainless steel alloy containing from about 11 to about 30 weight per cent of iron, about 18 weight per cent of chromium, and about 10 weight per cent of nickel.
In one preferred embodiment of tri-mountable sink assembly 100, component parts of the sink assembly (e.g. basin walls 118, 120, 122, 124, 126, 128, 130, 132; base members 138, 140; and outwardly extending peripheral mounting flange 102) are assembled by a welding process. By way of illustration, but not limitation, suitable welding methods known in the art include shield metal arc welding, gas tungsten arc welding and gas metal arc welding. Filler metal alloys used in the welding process may include, but are not limited to, conventional filler metal alloys Cr—Ni-Austenitic (AISI No. 309, 310, 316, 317, 347) and the like.
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In one aspect of the embodiment depicted in
In one aspect of the embodiment depicted in
In one aspect of the embodiment depicted in
Similarly, the depth 172 of basin 106 is from about one inch to about eighteen inches. Downwardly depending basin wall 126 extends a distance 170 of from about one inch to about eighteen inches before it junctures with fourth axial base portion 148. Fourth axial base portion 148 extends downwardly toward drain aperture 134 at a slope of from about one to about thirty degrees. In one embodiment, angle 196 is from about one degree to about thirty degrees.
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As such, those skilled in the art will appreciate that the conception, upon which this disclosure is based, may readily be utilized as a basis for the designing of other structures, methods and systems for carrying out the several purposes of the present invention. It is important, therefore, that the claims be regarded as including such equivalent construction insofar as they do not depart from the spirit and scope of the conception regarded as the present invention.
Claims
1. A tri-mountable sink assembly comprising:
- a first sink basin, wherein said first sink basin comprises four downwardly depending basin walls, wherein said downwardly depending basin walls have a thickness, a base member, wherein said base member has a thickness and comprises a drainage aperture,
- an outwardly extending peripheral mounting flange, wherein said outwardly extending peripheral mounting flange comprises a generally rectangular shaped frame surrounding and outwardly protruding from said downwardly depending basin walls, said outwardly extending peripheral mounting flange has a thickness, said outwardly extending peripheral mounting flange extends outwardly a distance of from about 0.5 to about 6.0 inches from the downwardly depending basin walls, said outwardly extending peripheral mounting flange is disposed horizontally from the downwardly depending basin walls, said outwardly extending peripheral mounting flange is adapted to be mounted in a countertop by flush mount, under mount and drop in methods, said outwardly extending peripheral mounting flange comprises an interior edge and an exterior edge, said downwardly depending basin walls depend from said interior edge,
- wherein said tri-mountable sink assembly comprises a unitary structure, and
- wherein the quotient of a thickness of said downwardly depending basin walls divided by a thickness of said peripheral mounting flange is from about 0.08 to about 0.54.
2. The tri-mountable sink assembly of claim 1, wherein said tri-mountable sink assembly comprises a material selected from the group consisting of stainless steel, copper, bronze and brass.
3. The tri-mountable sink assembly of claim 2, wherein said outwardly extending peripheral mounting flange comprises from about 6 to about 6/0 gauge stainless steel.
4. The tri-mountable sink assembly of claim 3, wherein said outwardly extending peripheral mounting flange comprises 3 gauge stainless steel.
5. The tri-mountable sink assembly of claim 2, wherein said downwardly depending basin walls comprise from about 12 to about 20 gauge stainless steel.
6. The tri-mountable sink assembly of claim 4, wherein said downwardly depending basin walls comprise from about 16 to about 18 gauge stainless steel.
7. The tri-mountable sink assembly of claim 6, wherein the quotient of a thickness of said downwardly depending basin walls divided by a thickness of said outwardly extending peripheral mounting flange is from about 0.2 to about 0.25.
8. The tri-mountable sink assembly of claim 7, wherein said outwardly extending peripheral mounting flange further comprises a distal flange portion, a proximal flange portion, a first transverse flange portion and a second transverse flange portion, and wherein
- said distal flange portion comprises a width of from about 1.5 to about 6 inches,
- said proximal flange portion comprises a width of from about 1.5 to about 6 inches,
- said first transverse flange portion comprises a width of from about 0.5 to about 3 inches,
- said second transverse flange portion comprises a width of from about 0.5 to about 3 inches,
- said first transverse flange portion and said second transverse flange portion comprise the same width, and said first transverse flange portion and said second transverse flange portion comprise a width that is less than the width of said distal flange portion or said proximal flange portion.
9. The tri-mountable sink assembly of claim 7, wherein said basin further comprises at least one noise reducing device.
10. The tri-mountable sink assembly of claim 9, wherein said outwardly extending peripheral mounting flange further comprises at least one aperture adapted to receive faucet controls.
11. A tri-mountable sink assembly comprising
- A first sink basin, wherein said first sink basin comprises four downwardly depending basin walls, wherein said downwardly depending basin walls have a thickness, a first base member, wherein said first base member has a thickness and comprises a first drainage aperture,
- an outwardly extending peripheral mounting flange, wherein said outwardly extending peripheral mounting flange comprises a generally rectangular shaped frame surrounding and outwardly protruding from said downwardly depending basin walls,
- said outwardly extending peripheral mounting flange has a thickness,
- said outwardly extending peripheral mounting flange extends outwardly a distance of from about 0.5 to about 6 inches from the downwardly depending basin walls,
- said outwardly extending peripheral mounting flange is disposed horizontally from the downwardly depending basin walls,
- said outwardly extending peripheral mounting flange is adapted to be mounted in a countertop by flush mount, under mount and drop in methods,
- said outwardly extending peripheral mounting flange comprises an interior edge and an exterior edge,
- said downwardly depending basin walls depend from said interior edge,
- said interior edge directly communicates with said downwardly depending basin walls,
- said interior edge comprises a rounded edge with a radius of from about 1/32 inch to about ½ inch,
- said exterior edge comprises a generally square edge,
- wherein said tri-mountable sink assembly comprises stainless steel,
- said outwardly extending peripheral mounting flange comprises 3 gauge stainless steel,
- said downwardly depending basin walls comprise from about 16 to about 18 gauge stainless steel,
- said first base member comprises from about 16 to about 18 gauge stainless steel, and
- the quotient of a thickness of said downwardly depending basin walls divided by a thickness of said outwardly extending peripheral mounting flange is from about 0.2 to about 0.25, and
- wherein said tri-mountable sink assembly comprises a unitary structure.
12. The tri-mountable sink assembly of claim 11, wherein said first basin comprises a generally rectangular shape.
13. The tri-mountable sink assembly of claim 11, wherein said tri-mountable sink assembly further comprises a second basin.
14. The tri-mountable sink assembly of claim 12, wherein said second basin comprises a generally rectangular shape.
15. A tri-mountable countertop sink rim comprising
- A first sink basin, wherein said first sink basin comprises four downwardly depending basin walls and a base member, said downwardly depending basin walls have a thickness, and
- an outwardly extending peripheral mounting flange, wherein said outwardly extending peripheral mounting flange comprises a generally rectangular shaped frame surrounding and outwardly protruding from said downwardly depending basin walls, said outwardly extending peripheral mounting flange has a thickness, said outwardly extending peripheral mounting flange is adapted to be mounted in a countertop by flush mount, under mount and drop in methods, said outwardly extending peripheral mounting flange comprises an interior edge and an exterior edge. said downwardly depending basin walls depend from said interior edge, said interior edge comprises a rounded edge with a radius of from about 1/32 inch to about ½ inch, said exterior edge comprises a generally square edge, and and
- wherein the quotient of a thickness of said downwardly depending basin walls divided by a thickness of said outwardly extending peripheral mounting flange is from about 0.08 to about 0.54.
16. The tri-mountable countertop sink rim of claim 15, wherein said outwardly extending peripheral mounting flange comprises 3 gauge stainless steel, wherein said downwardly depending basin walls comprise from about 16 to about 15 gauge stainless steel, and wherein the quotient of a thickness of said downwardly depending basin walls divided by a thickness of said outwardly extending peripheral mounting flange is from about 0.2 to about 0.25.
17. The tri-mountable countertop sink rim of claim 16, wherein said peripheral mounting flange uniformly extends outwardly a distance of from about 0.5 to about 6 inches from said downwardly depending basin walls.
18. The tri-mountable countertop sink rim of claim 17, wherein said outwardly extending peripheral mounting flange uniformly extends outwardly a distance of about 1.5 inches from said downwardly depending basin walls.
19. The tri-mountable countertop sink rim of claim 16, wherein said outwardly extending peripheral mounting flange further comprises a distal flange portion, a proximal flange portion, a first transverse flange portion and a second transverse flange portion, and wherein
- said distal flange portion comprises a width of from about 1.5 to about 6 inches,
- said proximal flange portion comprises a width of from about 1.5 to about 6 inches,
- said first transverse flange portion comprises a width of from about 0.5 to about 3 inches,
- said second transverse flange portion comprises a width of from about 0.5 to about 3 inches,
- said first transverse flange portion and said second transverse flange portion comprise the same width, and said first transverse flange portion and said second transverse flange portion comprise a width that is less than the width of said distal flange portion or said proximal flange portion.
20. The tri-mountable countertop sink rim of claim 15 further comprising
- a countertop and a cabinet, wherein said sink rim is flush mounted about said countertop.
21. A sink mountable in a countertop according to a selected one of a plurality of mounting styles, comprising:
- a basin having a mouth; and
- a mounting flange fixed to and extending outward from the basin mouth, the mounting flange dimensioned to support the sink when mounted and comprising: a top surface dimensioned to cooperate for under mounting style with a bottom surface of the countertop and to lie for flush mounting style in the same plane as the top surface of the countertop; and a bottom surface dimensioned to cooperate for drop in mounting style with the top surface of the countertop and to cooperate for flush mounting style with an upper surface of a sunken mounting ledge in the countertop.
22. The sink of claim 21, wherein the mounting flange is generally rectangular.
23. The sink of claim 22, wherein the mounting flange comprises a peripheral surface extending between the top and bottom surfaces.
24. The sink of claim 23, wherein the peripheral surface is a vertical exterior edge.
25. The sink of claim 24, wherein the top and bottom surfaces of the mounting flange are each generally horizontal when mounted.
26. The sink of claim 25, wherein the mounting flange is metallurgically integral with the basin.
27. The sink of claim 26, wherein the mounting flange comprises a plurality of members.
28. The sink of claim 27, wherein the mounting flange comprises four members.
29. The sink of claim 28, wherein the mounting flange extends from about 0.5 to about 6 inches outward from the basin mouth.
30. A sink assembly comprising:
- a countertop having a cutout; and
- the sink of claim 21 mounted in the countertop according to a style selected from the group consisting of under mounting, flush mounting and drop in mounting..
31. The sink assembly of claim 30, wherein the cutout is dimensioned to have a periphery that is vertically flush with the interior walls of the basin when the sink is mounted according to the under mounting style.
32. The sink assembly of claim 30, wherein the cutout is dimensioned to have a periphery that is adjacent to the basin when the sink is mounted according to the drop in mounting style.
33. The sink assembly of claim 30, wherein the cutout is dimensioned to have a periphery that is adjacent to the periphery of the mounting flange when the sink is mounted according to the flush mounting style, the countertop further comprising a sunken mounting ledge for cooperating with the bottom surface of the mounting flange to support the sink.
Type: Application
Filed: Oct 13, 2006
Publication Date: Apr 17, 2008
Inventor: Shujen Yu (Edgewater, NJ)
Application Number: 11/580,638
International Classification: E03C 1/01 (20060101); A47K 1/12 (20060101); A47K 4/00 (20060101);