ENVIRONMENTAL CONTROL SYSTEM WITH ADSORPTION BASED WATER REMOVAL
The present invention includes an adsorbent sub-system to concentrate water vapor from an incoming pressurized air stream to a level that allows efficient water condensation with ambient air as the single cooling source. The heat released when condensing the water is transferred to the ambient air, without affecting the cooling capacity of the system.
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This application claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Application Ser. No. 60/865,377, which was filed on Nov. 10, 2006. This application also claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Application Ser. No. 60/865,577, which was filed on Nov. 13, 2006.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTIONThe present invention generally relates to air conditioners and, more particularly, to aircraft environmental control systems.
All aircraft environmental control systems (ECS) designed to cool the cabin environment need to remove excessive atmospheric water. Water in excess of 30 to 50 grains of water per pound of dry air (g/lb) would freeze in the expansion process of air cycle based ECS or could result in unwanted liquid droplets entrained in the cooled air distributed to the cabin.
For a typical prior art high pressure water separation ECS 500, as depicted in
Aircraft air conditioners are disclosed In U.S. Pat. Nos. 6,655,168 and 6,666,039 to Mitani et al. In the described systems, air extracted from the engine is fed through a main air flow path into the cabin after being cooled by a cooling device. Extracted air is also fed into the cabin through an auxiliary air flow path. A plurality of adsorption sections are constituted by an adsorption agent that adsorbs molecules (e.g. water) contained in the air and releases adsorbed molecules by being raised in temperature in a desorption step. By control of an airflow changeover mechanism, each adsorption section is changed over between a condition connected with the auxiliary air flow path and a condition connected with an outflow air flow path. In the described process, the adsorption agent adsorbs cabin moisture contained in recirculated cabin air and releases it by desorption to a fraction of the compressed fresh air extracted from the engine or APU that by-passes the air conditioning pack (ECS). The thus humidified air is then returned to the cabin to maintain the humidity level (in cruise or climb operation), or dumped overboard to prevent excess moisture in the cabin (in ground operation).
The Mitani et al. systems use hot air that by-passes the ECS to desorb the moisture from the adsorbent devices. That hot air is not subject to the normal ECS cooling and is delivered to the cabin at a temperature higher than that supplied by the ECS pack. In conditions when maximum cooling capacity is required (such as hot day Climb), this will constitute a capacity penalty, only overcome by the use of additional bleed pressure, motor power, ram air flow, or increased size of the ECS pack, all undesirable for operating economy.
As can be seen, there is a need for a system that can avoid adding the heat of condensation, or part of it, to the heat load that an ECS has to be designed to overcome. Another need is to avoid the use of turbine expansion to cause water to condense, instead using a source of cooling with lower energy cost. Another need is to avoid adding heat to the cabin by partially avoiding the cooling apparatus. There is also a need to avoid dumping overboard air to which mechanical energy has been added in the process of water removal. The energy expenditure in the form of cooling capacity or mechanical power needed for condensation of water vapor for the purpose of removal represents a sizeable penalty that has not been totally avoided by current ECS systems.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTIONIn one aspect of the present invention, a method of removing a supply of water from an air stream comprises the steps of providing a compressed air stream; increasing the moisture content of the compressed air stream such that a super-humidified air stream is provided; positioning the super-humidified air stream in thermal contact with a cooling air flow such that a moisture saturated air flow having a supply of condensed water is provided; and extracting the supply of condensed water from the moisture saturated air flow such that the supply of water and a saturated flow are provided.
In a further aspect of this invention, the method for increasing the moisture content of the compressed air is through the use of an adsorbent subsystem having an adsorbing portion and a desorbing portion, with moisture transferred from the adsorbing portion to the desorbing portion and to the compressed stream.
In another aspect of the present invention, a system comprises a compressor; and an adsorbent sub-system having a desorbing portion and an adsorbing portion, the desorbing portion in flow communication with the compressor that provides a source of heat for desorption of water.
In another aspect of the present invention, a system comprises an air supply sub-system; an air cycle machine having a compressor and a turbine, the compressor in flow communication with the air supply sub-system; an adsorbent sub-system having a desorbing portion and an absorbing portion, the adsorbing portion in flow communication with the turbine so it provides a source of dried air to the turbine; a secondary heat exchanger in flow communication with the desorbing portion; and a water extractor in flow communication with the secondary heat exchanger so the cooled desorbed fluids condense and are extracted.
In a further aspect of this invention, condensing the water is performed at ambient temperature such that low energy ram air flow can be used instead of colder turbine air.
These and other features, aspects and advantages of the present invention will become better understood with reference to the following drawings, description and claims.
The following detailed description is of the best currently contemplated modes of carrying out the invention. The description is not to be taken in a limiting sense, but is made merely for the purpose of illustrating the general principles of the invention, since the scope of the invention is best defined by the appended claims.
Broadly, the present invention provides air conditioning systems with adsorption based water removal and methods for removing water from an air stream. Embodiments of the present invention may find beneficial use in industries such as aerospace, automobile and water production. Embodiments of the present invention may be useful in applications including environmental control systems and refrigeration systems. Embodiments of the present invention may be useful in applications including, but not limited to water concentrating and processing (such as concentration of atmospheric water for purification and human use), and process fluid dehydration. Embodiments of the present invention may be useful in any air conditioning application including, but not limited to, environmental control systems for aircraft.
In one embodiment, the present invention provides an air cycle ECS that includes an adsorbent medium to concentrate water vapor from the incoming pressurized air stream to a level that allows efficient condensation with ambient air as the single cooling source. Unlike the prior art conventional air cycle systems, the present invention avoids the need for cooling by an expansion turbine and thus adds no heat of condensation to the supply temperature, so the system requires less energy than conventional air cycle systems for the same delivered cooling capacity. Ambient (or ram air in flight) may be one of the lowest energy sources of cooling and may impose a minimal fuel penalty on the airplane. This is not the case for prior art systems, which must rely on expansion through the cooling turbine of compressed air obtained from high-energy sources (engine or motorized compressors). Also, as at least one cooling turbine of the prior art systems has to be followed by a condenser heat exchanger, the air normally sent to the cabin is burdened with an additional heat load corresponding to all or part of the heat of water condensation. Additionally, the present invention is relatively simpler than prior art systems as several heat exchangers and possibly multiple turbine wheels may be deleted. The present invention is therefore of relatively lower cost than the prior art systems as it can replace the traditional condenser and reheater by a relatively low cost adsorbent system (e.g. adsorbent wheel).
Unlike the prior art that does not concentrate the water vapor, the present invention can use an adsorbent/desorbent device (for example, a set of two or more separate adsorbent beds, each bed including an adsorbent medium) for water vapor concentration to facilitate water extraction at a more favorable combination of pressure and temperature. For embodiments of the present invention, water adsorbed at relatively low temperature can be released to the ECS stream in the desorbing step, so that the water concentration at the inlet of the water extractor is increased by the water adsorption capacity of the adsorbent/desorbent device.
In the example used for the prior art system, it then can be established that to remove the same overall amount of water with an adsorbent-based ECS, the saturation humidity (γ-saturation) of the air entering the water extractor becomes 40 g/lb plus the adsorbed quantity (γ-adsorbed). This is illustrated in
Unlike the prior art systems that make use of adsorbent devices but depend on hot air by-passing the ECS pack to desorb the moisture from the adsorbent devices, the present invention does not rely on a separate hot air stream for desorption. Unlike the prior art, the present invention can use for desorption warm compressed air that is part of the normal ECS airflow cycle and by doing so can avoid the system cooling capacity penalty associated with the prior art use of hot by-pass air.
An embodiment of the present invention is depicted in
A desorbing portion (DES) 45 of the adsorbent sub-system 41 may desorb the water that was adsorbed by the ADS 42. A DES inlet flow 60 may flow over the DES 45 to desorb the captured water vapor. The DES inlet flow 60 may comprise a compressed air flow, such as hot compressed air that is part of the normal ECS airflow cycle. For example, as depicted in
The system 40, as depicted in
The air supply sub-system 50, as depicted in
The PHX 51, as depicted in
The air conditioning compressor 52, as depicted in
The adsorbent sub-system 41, as depicted in
The adsorbent sub-system 41 may be loaded with adsorbent material (not shown). Useful adsorbent materials may include, but are not limited to, activated carbon, silica gel, activated alumina, and zeolites. Zeolites may be commercially available crystalline aluminosilicates with complex three-dimensional infinite lattices. Useful zeolites may include, but are not limited to, DDZ-70, which is a rare earth exchanged form of FAU available from UOP LLC, Des Plaines, Ill.
The DES 45 of the adsorbent sub-system 41, as depicted in
The water content in the DES outlet flow 46 may be higher than the water content of the DES inlet flow 60 due to the addition of the desorbed moisture. The DES outlet flow 46 will exceed the saturated amount of water that it can carry in vapor form when cooled in a subsequent condensation step, but because of a higher moisture content, that condensation step may occur at a higher temperature or lower pressure, or combination of both, than can the ambient supply flow (supply of outside air 88). In particular, it may become possible to affect condensation of undesired water amounts at temperatures that can be achieved by simply cooling the DES outlet flow 46 by heat transfer with ambient air or equivalent (cooling air flow 47), and with an elevated pressure lower than required by non-adsorbent assisted prior art systems.
The saturation curves of water that would allow removal of 88 g/lb of liquid water from an original stream containing 133 g/l of moisture per pound of dry air in an extractor with an efficiency of 95% are shown in
The SHX 48, as depicted in
The water extractor 49, as depicted in
The ADS 42 of the adsorbent sub-system 41, as depicted in
The turbine 43, as depicted in
Embodiments of the system 40 also may include means of by-passing the air supply sub-system flow compressor 52, the turbine 43 and the adsorbent sub-system 41 when expansion cooling and water removal are not required, such as high altitude cruise when the ambient air is cold enough to cool by heat transfer alone and no significant moisture is present in the air. For these embodiments, the system 40 may include a temperature control valve 69 and a compressor by-pass check valve 70. The temperature control valve 69 may be positioned between and in flow communication with the water extractor inlet or outlet flow 64 and the turbine outlet flow 68. The compressor by-pass check valve 70 may be positioned between and in flow communication with the PHX outlet flow 56 and the DES outlet flow 46. When the temperature control valve 69 is fully open, the water extractor inlet or outlet flow 64 may be directed to the enclosure 44 and the air cycle machine may stop rotating as the turbine 43 loses its driving energy. The by-pass check valve 70 may open as soon as the air supply sub-system flow compressor 52 ceases to increase the pressure of the stream (ceases to increase the pressure of the compressor inlet flow 58 and provide the compressor outlet flow 59) and the PHX outlet flow 56 then may go directly to the SHX 48, creating a “heat exchanger cooling” only mode of operation. In that mode, system pressure resistance may be considerably reduced as the air cycle machine (compressor and turbine), the adsorbent sub-system 41 and the water extractor 49 may be avoided. Partially opening the temperature control valve 69 may be used as one of several means of temperature control of the system's supply to the enclosure 44.
In another embodiment of the present invention, as depicted in
The AHX 71, as depicted in
The embodiment of
Another embodiment of the present invention, as depicted in
Another embodiment of the present invention, as depicted in
Another embodiment of the present invention, as depicted in
Another embodiment of the present invention, as depicted in
Another embodiment of the present invention, as depicted in
Another embodiment of the present invention, as depicted in
Another embodiment of the present invention, as depicted in
Another embodiment of the present invention, as depicted in FIG. 12, illustrates a second version of the design of
Another embodiment of the present invention, as depicted in
Another embodiment of the present invention, as depicted in
Another embodiment of the present invention, as depicted in
Other embodiments of the present invention, as depicted in
The embodiments described above represent examples of the system 40, from which can be derived additional variants. Most embodiments depicted show a set of motorized “cabin air” compressors (air supply sub-system 50) as the source of compressed air for the ECS proper. As indicated above, the cabin air compressors represent only one of the possible types of air supply sub-systems 50. Other useful air supply sub-systems 50 can include an engine bleed system, an APU bleed, or any other source of compressed air.
Also, some schematics depict a two-wheel (compressor and turbine) air cycle machine and a separate motor-driven ground fan 57. It should be understood that, although the cabin air compressors and separate ground fan may represent a desirable configuration for a bleedless “More Electric Airplane” architecture, the present invention may include other types of air cycle machines, such as 3-wheel (fan, compressor, and turbine). Embodiments of the present invention can include air cycle machines having a compressor (e.g. air conditioning compressor 52), a turbine 43, and a separate motorized fan 57 to draw outside cooling air. Embodiments of the present invention can include air cycle machines having a compressor, a turbine 43, and an electric motor 78. Embodiments of the present invention can include air cycle machines having a fresh air compressor (e.g. air conditioning compressor 52), an enclosure recirculated air compressor (e.g. additional compressor wheel 82) and a turbine 43. Embodiments of the present invention can include air cycle machines having a fresh air compressor, an enclosure recirculated air compressor, a turbine 43 and an electric motor 78. Embodiments of the present invention can include air cycle machines having a fresh air compressor, and two turbines 43. Embodiments of the present invention can include air cycle machines having a fresh air compressor, an electric motor 78 and two turbines 43. As used herein, air cycle machines may include, but are not limited to, the air cycle machine configurations described above.
The embodiments described above may be directed towards an ECS with an air cycle configuration. In alternate embodiments (not shown), the ECS may have a vapor cycle configuration. For ECS having a vapor cycle configuration, the system 40 may include an evaporator heat exchanger (not shown) in lieu of the turbine 43 for cooling the dried flow. For some embodiments, the evaporator heat exchanger may receive the ADS outlet flow 66 and provide the enclosure inlet flow 87 so that the dried air (e.g. the ADS outlet flow 66) may be cooled by the refrigerant loop of the vapor cycle pack. ECS configurations that may be useful with some embodiments of the present invention may include the air cycle pack configurations described in U.S. Pat. No. 5,887,445 and the vapor cycle pack configurations described in U.S. Pat. No. 6,629,428, both of which are incorporated herein by reference. The present invention may be useful with any ECS configuration
The configuration of the ECS, particularly the air cycle machine (ACM) and various heat exchangers may be modified within the spirit of this invention as long as the adsorbent medium may be used to affect water concentration for the purpose of subsequent liquid water removal. In particular, a 2-wheel “bootstrap” air cycle machine, a 3-wheel, a 4-wheel or several machines using any appropriate number of compressors and turbines, with or without an electric motor may be used. Embodiments of the system 40 may include the air supply sub-system 50 that provides a cooled compressed outside air flow to the adsorbent sub-system 41.
Similarly, the concepts of the present invention may be equally valid if a single rotating wheel provides the adsorbing and desorbing functions or if separate adsorbing and desorbing components are used, along with appropriate switchover valves to affect the alternating adsorbing and desorbing functions of these components. Further, embodiments of the present invention may include additional cooling and/or heating stages inserted before and/or after the adsorbent component ADS 42 and the desorbent component DES 45 to optimize the thermodynamic process.
Moreover, embodiments of the present invention may not be limited to the use of adsorbent sub-systems 41 in a temperature swing mode, as described above. Embodiments of the present invention may use pressure swing, where a lowering of pressure may cause the adsorbed water vapor to be desorbed. Some embodiments of the present invention may use combinations of temperature and pressure swing.
Further, embodiments of the present invention may incorporate recirculated cabin air (enclosure outlet flow 75, compressed enclosure air flow 82) in the adsorb/desorb cycle in place of or in addition to some of the compressed outside air. This option may be illustrated, in part, in the embodiments depicted in FIGS. 8,9, and 11-14. In
Additionally, embodiments of the present invention may include other sources of cooling in lieu of or in addition to the ambient air (cooling air flow 47). In particular, recirculated cabin air (enclosure outlet flow 75) may be used to advantage to cool and condense the concentrated moisture. Cabin air may be maintained colder than ambient air in most ECS hot day design conditions from sea level to approximately 12,000 feet where the challenge to remove the highest quantity of moisture also occurs. This option may be illustrated, in part, in
A method 100 of removing a supply of water from an air stream is depicted in
The step 110 of providing a compressed air stream can comprise in general passing a supply of fresh outside air through an air supply sub-system, followed by sub steps of cooling and compression. Also, the step 110 can comprise a supply of recirculated enclosure air itself subjected to heat transfer and compression separately or together with the fresh air. More specifically, in one embodiment, the step 110 of providing a compressed air stream can comprise passing a supply of air through an air supply sub-system 50. In a second embodiment, the step 110 of providing a compressed air stream can comprise passing a supply of air through an air supply sub-system 50 and a primary heat exchanger PHX 51. In a third embodiment, the step 110 of providing a compressed air stream can comprise passing a supply of air through an air supply sub-system 50, a primary heat exchanger PHX 51 and an air supply sub-system flow compressor 52 such that a compressor outlet flow 59 is produced (see
The step 120 of increasing the moisture content of the compressed air stream such that a super-humidified air stream is provided can comprise passing the compressed air stream through the desorbing element 45 of an adsorbent sub-system 41 such that the super humidified air stream (DES outlet flow 46) is provided. During the step 120, the compressed air stream may cause water vapor to be released from the desorbing element (DES 45) and by doing so may provide the super-humidified air stream (DES outlet flow 46). The step 120 may comprise passing the compressed air stream through a DES 45 wherein the DES 45 includes an adsorbent material having a supply of previously adsorbed water vapor.
The step 130 of cooling the super-humidified air stream such that a moisture saturated air flow having a supply of condensed water is provided can comprise positioning the super-humidified air stream in thermal contact with a cooling air flow 47. The step 130 of cooling the super-humidified air stream such that a moisture saturated air flow having a supply of condensed water is provided can comprise passing the super-humidified air stream through a cooler (e.g. SHX 48) (see
The step 140 of extracting the supply of condensed water from the moisture saturated air flow such that the supply of water and a saturated flow are provided can comprise passing the moisture saturated air flow through a water extractor 49 such that a saturated flow (e.g. water extractor outlet flow 64) is provided and liquid water is removed from that stream.
The step 150 of drying the saturated flow such that a dried air flow is provided can comprise passing the saturated flow through an adsorbent element 42 such that the dried air flow (e.g. ADS outlet flow 66) is produced.
The step 160 of cooling the dried air flow can comprise expanding the dried air flow with a turbine 43 to provide a cooled dried flow (e.g. turbine outlet flow 68). Alternatively, the step 160 can comprise any other means of cooling, such as passing the dried air flow through a cooler heat exchanger where it is cooled by heat transfer with another colder fluid. For example, the step 160 of cooling the dried air flow can comprise passing the dried air flow through an evaporator heat exchanger of a vapor cycle system wherein the dried air flow is in thermal contact with a cooling fluid (e.g. a refrigerant) of the evaporator heat exchanger.
EXAMPLE 1For an aircraft ECS with ambient inlet moisture of 133 g/lb and a 103° F. ambient temperature, an adsorbent sub-system 41 comprising an adsorbent wheel can deliver a water content of 213 g/lb to a high pressure water extractor (high pressure water separation sub-system 85), 80 g/lb above that of a traditional state-of-the-art system. At a temperature of 119° F. achieved by cooling the moist stream in air heat exchange with ambient air and at a pressure of 62.8 psia, the extractor can extract 91 g/lb of the entrained condenser water. The adsorbent wheel captures 80 g/lb out of the remaining water vapor, leaving 41 g/lb, an acceptable supply level, to the turbine 43 and the enclosure 44. The turbine 43 at 60.8 psia and 193.5° F. from the adsorbent wheel delivers 24.3° F. DB/9.1° F. DAR at 41 g/lb, representing a cooling capacity of 44.5 kW to a 75° F. enclosure based on DAR temperature and a system air flow of 160 lb/min. The air supply system (air supply sub-system 50) for that condition has to supply 32.3 psia to the system 40, representing an overall input power of 190 kW. For the same cooling capacity, the best state-of-the art condensing cycle system would require operating at 70.7 psia cycle pressure and 88° F. at the water extractor, requiring an input pressure of 37.5 psia from the air supply system. That represents an overall system input power requirement of 226 kW.
As can be appreciated by those skilled in the art, embodiments of the present invention provide improved ECS with adsorption based water removal. Embodiments of the present invention can achieve sufficient water condensation at much higher temperatures than the prior art systems, to the point where ambient air can be used as an effective cooling sink. Embodiments of the present invention can move the condensing task from the turbine to the ram air heat exchanger. Embodiments of the present invention can therefore transfer the heat of condensation to the ambient cooling air without affecting the cooling capacity of the system. Embodiments of the present invention may demand less power than existing air cycle solutions, resulting in lower fuel consumption and smaller APU or ECS components. Embodiments of the present invention may be of relatively lower cost than prior art systems because the prior art condenser and reheater heat exchangers can be replaced by a lower cost adsorbent wheel.
It should be understood, of course, that the foregoing relates to exemplary embodiments of the invention and that modifications may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as set forth in the following claims.
Claims
1. A system comprising:
- a compressor; and
- an adsorbent sub-system having a desorbing portion and an adsorbing portion, said desorbing portion in flow communication with said compressor.
2. The system of claim 1, wherein said compressor provides a compressor outlet flow, said compressor outlet flow comprises a desorbing portion inlet flow.
3. The system of claim 1, further comprising a turbine operationally connected to said compressor; and wherein said adsorbing portion provides an adsorbing portion outlet flow, said adsorbing portion outlet flow comprises a turbine inlet flow.
4. The system of claim 1, further comprising an air supply sub-system in flow communication with said compressor, said air supply sub-system receiving a supply of outside air; said compressor positioned between and in flow communication with said air supply sub-system and said desorbing portion.
5. The system of claim 1, further comprising:
- an air supply sub-system in flow communication with said compressor, said air supply sub-system receiving a supply of outside air and providing an air supply sub-system outlet flow; and
- an enclosure in flow communication with said compressor, said enclosure providing an enclosure outlet flow, said compressor receiving said air supply sub-system outlet flow and said enclosure outlet flow, said compressor providing a compressor outlet flow, said compressor outlet flow comprising a desorbing portion inlet flow.
6. The system of claim 1, further comprising:
- an air supply sub-system in flow communication with said compressor, said air supply sub-system receiving a supply of outside air and providing an air supply sub-system outlet flow; and
- a primary heat exchanger positioned between and in flow communication with said air supply sub-system and said compressor, said primary heat exchanger receiving said air supply sub-system outlet flow and providing a primary heat exchanger outlet flow, said compressor receiving said primary heat exchanger outlet flow and providing a compressor outlet flow, said compressor outlet flow comprising a desorbing portion inlet flow.
7. The system of claim 1, further comprising:
- an air supply sub-system in flow communication with said compressor;
- an enclosure in flow communication with said adsorbing portion, said enclosure providing an enclosure outlet flow; and
- an additional compressor wheel positioned between and in flow communication with said adsorbing portion and said enclosure, said additional compressor wheel receiving said enclosure outlet flow and providing a compressed enclosure air flow, said compressed enclosure air flow comprising an adsorbing portion inlet flow.
8. The system of claim 1, further comprising:
- a secondary heat exchanger in flow communication with said desorbing portion, said secondary heat exchanger providing a secondary heat exchanger outlet flow; and
- a water extractor positioned between and in flow communication with said secondary heat exchanger and said adsorbing portion, said water extractor receiving said secondary heat exchanger outlet flow and providing a water extractor outlet flow, said water extractor outlet flow comprising an adsorbing portion inlet flow.
9. The system of claim 1, further comprising:
- a turbine operationally connected to said compressor; and
- an enclosure in flow communication with said turbine, said enclosure comprising an aircraft cabin.
10. A system comprising:
- an air supply sub-system;
- an air cycle machine having a compressor and a turbine, said compressor in flow communication with said air supply sub-system;
- an adsorbent sub-system having a desorbing portion and an absorbing portion, said adsorbing portion in flow communication with said turbine;
- a secondary heat exchanger in flow communication with said desorbing portion; and
- a water extractor in flow communication with said secondary heat exchanger.
11. The system of claim 10, further comprising:
- an enclosure in flow communication with said desorbing portion, said enclosure providing an enclosure outlet flow; and
- a motorized recirculation compressor positioned between and in flow communication with said desorbing portion and said enclosure such that at least a portion of said enclosure outlet flow comprises a desorbing portion inlet flow.
12. The system of claim 10, wherein said compressor provides a compressor outlet flow, said compressor outlet flow comprises a desorbing portion inlet flow.
13. The system of claim 10, further comprising an additional heat exchanger positioned between and in flow communication with said compressor and said adsorbing portion, said additional heat exchanger providing an additional heat exchanger outlet flow; and wherein said compressor provides a first portion of compressor outlet flow and a second portion of compressor outlet flow, said first portion of compressor outlet flow comprising a desorbing portion inlet flow, said second portion of compressor outlet flow comprising an additional heat exchanger inlet flow, at least a portion of said additional heat exchanger outlet flow directed towards said adsorbing portion.
14. The system of claim 13, wherein another portion of said additional heat exchanger outlet flow is directed towards said turbine.
15. A system comprising:
- an air supply sub-system;
- an air cycle machine having a compressor and a turbine, said compressor in flow communication with said air supply sub-system;
- an adsorbent sub-system having a desorbing portion and an absorbing portion, said adsorbing portion in flow communication with said turbine;
- a primary heat exchanger positioned between and in flow communication with said air supply sub-system and said desorbing portion, wherein said primary heat exchanger provides a desorbing portion inlet flow and said desorbing portion provides a compressor inlet flow;
- a secondary heat exchanger in flow communication with said compressor; and
- a water extractor in flow communication with said secondary heat exchanger and said adsorbing section.
16. The system of claim 10, further comprising a primary heat exchanger positioned between and in flow communication with said air supply sub-system and said compressor; wherein said primary heat exchanger provides a compressor inlet flow and said compressor provides a desorbing portion inlet flow.
17. The system of claim 10, further comprising:
- an enclosure in flow communication with said desorbing portion, said enclosure providing an enclosure outlet flow;
- an additional compressor wheel positioned between and in flow communication with said enclosure and said desorbing portion; and
- a recuperator positioned between and in flow communication with said enclosure and said additional compressor wheel, said secondary heat exchanger providing a secondary heat exchanger outlet flow, said recuperator in thermal contact with said secondary heat exchanger outlet flow.
18. The system of claim 10, further comprising:
- an enclosure in flow communication with said desorbing portion, said enclosure providing an enclosure outlet flow;
- a second compressor operationally in contact with said enclosure outlet flow;
- a recuperator heat exchanger in flow communication with said compressor and with said second compressor outlet flow; said recuperator in flow communication with said desorbing portion;
- an additional heat exchanger positioned between and in flow communication with said recuperator and said adsorbing portion; and
- a second turbine in flow communication between said water extractor and said enclosure.
19. The system of claim 10, further comprising:
- an enclosure in flow communication with said desorbing portion, said enclosure providing an enclosure outlet flow;
- an additional heat exchanger positioned between and in flow communication with said desorbing section and said water separator;
- a second compressor in flow communication with said desorbing portion;
- a recuperator heat exchanger in flow communication with said enclosure and in with said second compressor inlet flow, said recuperator in flow communication with said second heat exchanger and said water separator; and
- a second turbine in flow communication between said water extractor and said enclosure.
20. The system of claim 10, wherein said adsorbent sub-system comprises at least one adsorbent wheel.
21. A method of removing a supply of water from an air stream comprising the steps of:
- providing a compressed air stream;
- increasing the moisture content of said compressed air stream such that a super-humidified air stream is provided;
- positioning said super-humidified air stream in thermal contact with a cooling air flow such that a moisture saturated air flow having a supply of condensed water is provided; and
- extracting said supply of condensed water from said moisture saturated air flow such that said supply of water and a saturated flow are provided.
22. The method of claim 21, further comprising a step of passing said saturated flow through an adsorbing portion of an adsorbent sub-system such that a dried flow is provided.
23. The method of claim 21, further comprising the steps of:
- passing said moist flow through an adsorbing portion of an adsorbent sub-system such that a dried flow is provided; and
- expanding said dried flow with a turbine.
24. The method of claim 21, further comprising the steps of:
- passing said moist flow through an adsorbing portion of an adsorbent sub-system such that a dried flow is provided; and
- cooling said dried flow by heat exchange with a cooling fluid.
25. The method of claim 21, wherein said step of increasing the moisture content of said compressed air stream such that a super-humidified air stream is provided comprises passing said compressed air stream through a desorbing portion of an adsorbent sub-system.
26. The method of claim 21, wherein said step of increasing the moisture content of said compressed air stream such that a super-humidified air stream is provided comprises passing said compressed air stream through a desorbing portion of an adsorbent sub-system wherein said desorbing portion includes an adsorbent material having a supply of adsorbed water vapor.
27. The method of claim 21, wherein said step of increasing the moisture content of the compressed air stream comprises passing the compressed air stream through an adsorbent sub-system, said adsorbent sub-system including at least one adsorbing portion, at least one desorbing portion and at least one switchover valve.
28. The method of claim 21, wherein said step of increasing the moisture content of the compressed air stream comprises passing the compressed air stream through at least one adsorbent wheel comprising adsorbing and desorbing sections and capable of rotation so the adsorbing and desorbing sections can be alternatively exchanged and regenerated.
Type: Application
Filed: May 21, 2007
Publication Date: May 15, 2008
Applicant: HONEYWELL INTERNATIONAL INC. (MORRISTOWN, NJ)
Inventor: MICHEL A. JONQUERES (TORRANCE, CA)
Application Number: 11/751,480
International Classification: F25B 11/00 (20060101);